| 1. |
- Han, Yuchen, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and Application Analysis of a Novel Full Fresh Air System Using Only Geothermal Energy for Space Cooling and Dehumidification
- 2024
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To effectively reduce building energy consumption, a novel full fresh air system with a heat source tower (HST) and a borehole heat exchanger (BHE) was proposed for space cooling and dehumidification in this paper. The cooling system only adopts geothermal energy to produce dry and cold fresh air for space cooling and dehumidification through the BHE and HST, which has the advantage of non-condensate water compared to BHE systems integrated with a fan coil or chilled beam. Based on the established mathematical model of the cooling system, this paper analyzed the system characteristics, feasibility, operation strategy, energy performance, and cost-effectiveness of the proposed model in detail. The results show that the mathematical model has less than 10% error in estimating the system performance compared to the practical HST-BHE experimental set up. Under the specific boundary conditions, the cooling and dehumidification capacity of this system increases with the decrease in the air temperature, air moisture content, and inlet water temperature of the HST. The optimal cooling capacity and the system COP can be achieved when the air-water flow ratio is at 4:3. A case study was conducted in a residential building in Shenyang with an area of about 1800 m2. It was found that this system can fully meet the cooling and dehumidification demand in such a residential building. The operation strategy of the cooling system can be optimized by adjusting the air-water flow ratio from 4:3 to 3:2 during the early cooling season (7 June-1 July) and end cooling season (3 August-1 September). As a result, the average COP of the cooling system during the whole cooling season can be improved from 6.1 to 8.7. Compared with the air source heat pump (ASHP) and the ground source heat pump (GSHP) for space cooling, the proposed cooling system can achieve an energy saving rate of 123% and 26%, respectively. Considering that the BHE of the GSHP can be part of the proposed HST-BHE cooling system, the integration of the HST and GHSP for space cooling (and heating) is strongly recommended in actual applications.
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| 2. |
- Hu, Zicheng, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins across the Spectrum of Untreated and Treated Chronic HIV-1 Infection.
- 2024
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Ingår i: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the Olink Explore 1536 platform, we measured 1,463 unique proteins in 303 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from four clinical centers that included uninfected controls and 12 groups of people living with HIV-1 infection representing the spectrum of progressive untreated and treated chronic infection. We present three initial analyses of these measurements: an overview of the CSF protein features of the sample; correlations of the CSF proteins with CSF HIV-1 RNA and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) concentrations; and comparison of the CSF proteins in HIV-associated dementia ( HAD ) and neurosymptomatic CSF escape ( NSE ). These reveal a complex but coherent picture of CSF protein changes that includes highest concentrations of many proteins during CNS injury in the HAD and NSE groups and variable protein changes across the course of neuroasymptomatic systemic HIV-1 progression, including two common patterns, designated as lymphoid and myeloid patterns, related to the principal involvement of their underlying inflammatory cell lineages. Antiretroviral therapy reduced CSF protein perturbations, though not always to control levels. The dataset of these CSF protein measurements, along with background clinical information, is posted online. Extended studies of this unique dataset will provide more detailed characterization of the dynamic impact of HIV-1 infection on the CSF proteome across the spectrum of HIV-1 infection, and further the mechanistic understanding of HIV-1-related CNS pathobiology.
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