| 1. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
-
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Ariyawansa, Hiran A., et al.
(författare)
-
Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 75, s. 27-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa, including five new families, 20 new genera, and 100 new species, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range. The new families, Ascocylindricaceae, Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae (Ascomycota) are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology. The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria (Amniculicolaceae), Heracleicola, Neodidymella and P s e u d o m i c ros p h a e r i o p s i s ( D id y m e l l a c e a e ) , P s e u d o p i t h o m y c e s ( D i d y m o s p h a e r i a c e a e ) , Brunneoclavispora, Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium (Halotthiaceae), Lophiohelichrysum (Lophiostomataceae), G a l l i i c o l a , Popul o c re s c e n t i a a nd Va g i c o l a (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Ascocylindrica (Ascocylindricaceae), E l o n g a t o p e d i c e l l a t a ( R o u s s o e l l a c e a e ) , Pseudoasteromassaria (Latoruaceae) and Pseudomonodictys (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae) are introduced. The newly described species of Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola (Amniculicolaceae), Flammeascoma lignicola (Anteagloniaceae), Ascocylindrica marina (Ascocylindricaceae) , Lembosia xyliae (Asterinaceae), Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola ( B o t r yosphae r i a cea e ) , Caryospor a aquat i c a (Caryosporaceae), Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodi dymell a thai landi cum (Didymellaceae) , Pseudopithomyces palmicola (Didymosphaeriaceae), Floricola viticola (Floricolaceae), Brunneoclavispora bambusae, Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica (Halotthiaceae), Pseudoasteromassaria fagi (Latoruaceae), Keissleriella dactylidicola (Lentitheciaceae), Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi (Lophiostomataceae), Aquasubmersa japonica (Lophiotremataceae) , Pseudomonodictys tectonae (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae), Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae (Microthyriaceae), Alloleptosphaeria clematidis, Allophaeosphaer i a c y t i s i , Allophaeosphae r i a subcylindrospora, Dematiopleospora luzulae, Entodesmium artemisiae, Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria, Loratospora(Basidiomycota) are introduced together with a new genus Neoantrodiella (Neoantrodiellaceae), here based on both morphology coupled with molecular data. In the class Agaricomycetes, Agaricus pseudolangei, Agaricus haematinus, Agaricus atrodiscus and Agaricus exilissimus (Agaricaceae) , Amanita m e l l e i a l b a , Amanita pseudosychnopyramis and Amanita subparvipantherina (Amanitaceae), Entoloma calabrum, Cora barbulata, Dictyonema gomezianum and Inocybe granulosa (Inocybaceae), Xerocomellus sarnarii (Boletaceae), Cantharellus eucalyptorum, Cantharellus nigrescens, Cantharellus tricolor and Cantharellus variabilicolor (Cantharellaceae), Cortinarius alboamarescens, Cortinarius brunneoalbus, Cortinarius ochroamarus, Cortinarius putorius and Cortinarius seidlii (Cortinariaceae), Hymenochaete micropora and Hymenochaete subporioides (Hymenochaetaceae), Xylodon ramicida (Schizoporaceae), Colospora andalasii (Polyporaceae), Russula guangxiensis and Russula hakkae (Russulaceae), Tremella dirinariae, Tremella graphidis and Tremella pyrenulae (Tremellaceae) are introduced. Four new combinations Neoantrodiella gypsea, Neoantrodiella thujae (Neoantrodiellaceae), Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida, Punctulariopsis efibulata (Punctulariaceae) are also introduced here for the division Basidiomycota. Furthermore Absidia caatinguensis, Absidia koreana and Gongronella koreana (Cunninghamellaceae), Mortierella pisiformis and Mortierella formosana (Mortierellaceae) are newly introduced in the Zygomycota, while Neocallimastix cameroonii and Piromyces irregularis (Neocallimastigaceae) ar e i n t roduced i n the Neocallimastigomycota. Reference specimens or changes in classification and notes are provided for Alternaria ethzedia, Cucurbitaria ephedricola, Austropleospora, Austropleospora archidendri, Byssosphaeria rhodomphala, Lophiostoma caulium, Pseudopithomyces maydicus, Massariosphaeria, Neomassariosphaeria and Pestalotiopsis montellica.
|
|
| 6. |
- Arzoumanian, Doris, et al.
(författare)
-
Dust polarized emission observations of NGC 6334: BISTRO reveals the details of the complex but organized magnetic field structure of the high-mass star-forming hub-filament network
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 647
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Molecular filaments and hubs have received special attention recently thanks to new studies showing their key role in star formation. While the (column) density and velocity structures of both filaments and hubs have been carefully studied, their magnetic field (B-field) properties have yet to be characterized. Consequently, the role of B-fields in the formation and evolution of hub-filament systems is not well constrained. Aims. We aim to understand the role of the B-field and its interplay with turbulence and gravity in the dynamical evolution of the NGC 6334 filament network that harbours cluster-forming hubs and high-mass star formation. Methods. We present new observations of the dust polarized emission at 850 μm toward the 2 pc × 10 pc map of NGC 6334 at a spatial resolution of 0.09 pc obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-field In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. We study the distribution and dispersion of the polarized intensity (PI), the polarization fraction (PF), and the plane-of-The-sky B-field angle (χB_POS) toward the whole region, along the 10 pc-long ridge and along the sub-filaments connected to the ridge and the hubs. We derived the power spectra of the intensity and χBPOS along the ridge crest and compared them with the results obtained from simulated filaments. Results. The observations span 3 orders of magnitude in Stokes I and PI and 2 orders of magnitude in PF (from 0.2 to 20%). A large scatter in PI and PF is observed for a given value of I. Our analyses show a complex B-field structure when observed over the whole region ( 10 pc); however, at smaller scales (1 pc), χBPOS varies coherently along the crests of the filament network. The observed power spectrum of χBPOS can be well represented with a power law function with a slope of-1.33 ± 0.23, which is 20% shallower than that of I. We find that this result is compatible with the properties of simulated filaments and may indicate the physical processes at play in the formation and evolution of star-forming filaments. Along the sub-filaments, χBPOS rotates frombeing mostly perpendicular or randomly oriented with respect to the crests to mostly parallel as the sub-filaments merge with the ridge and hubs. This variation of the B-field structure along the sub-filaments may be tracing local velocity flows of infalling matter in the ridge and hubs. Our analysis also suggests a variation in the energy balance along the crests of these sub-filaments, from magnetically critical or supercritical at their far ends to magnetically subcritical near the ridge and hubs. We also detect an increase in PF toward the high-column density (NH2 â 1023 cm-2) star cluster-forming hubs. These latter large PF values may be explained by the increase in grain alignment efficiency due to stellar radiation from the newborn stars, combined with an ordered B-field structure. Conclusions. These observational results reveal for the first time the characteristics of the small-scale (down to 0.1 pc) B-field structure of a 10 pc-long hub-filament system. Our analyses show variations in the polarization properties along the sub-filaments that may be tracing the evolution of their physical properties during their interaction with the ridge and hubs. We also detect an impact of feedback from young high-mass stars on the local B-field structure and the polarization properties, which could put constraints on possible models for dust grain alignment and provide important hints as to the interplay between the star formation activity and interstellar B-fields.
|
|
| 7. |
- Chen, DS, et al.
(författare)
-
Single cell atlas for 11 non-model mammals, reptiles and birds
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 7083-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The availability of viral entry factors is a prerequisite for the cross-species transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Large-scale single-cell screening of animal cells could reveal the expression patterns of viral entry genes in different hosts. However, such exploration for SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA sequencing for 11 non-model species, including pets (cat, dog, hamster, and lizard), livestock (goat and rabbit), poultry (duck and pigeon), and wildlife (pangolin, tiger, and deer), and investigated the co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Furthermore, cross-species analysis of the lung cell atlas of the studied mammals, reptiles, and birds reveals core developmental programs, critical connectomes, and conserved regulatory circuits among these evolutionarily distant species. Overall, our work provides a compendium of gene expression profiles for non-model animals, which could be employed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 target cells and putative zoonotic reservoirs.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Eswaraiah, Chakali, et al.
(författare)
-
The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 912:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have obtained sensitive dust continuum polarization observations at 850 μm in the B213 region of Taurus using POL-2 on SCUBA-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. These observations allow us to probe magnetic field (B-field) at high spatial resolution (∼2000 au or ∼0.01 pc at 140 pc) in two protostellar cores (K04166 and K04169) and one prestellar core (Miz-8b) that lie within the B213 filament. Using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, we estimate the B-field strengths in K04166, K04169, and Miz-8b to be 38 ± 14, 44 ± 16, and 12 ± 5 μG, respectively. These cores show distinct mean B-field orientations. The B-field in K04166 is well ordered and aligned parallel to the orientations of the core minor axis, outflows, core rotation axis, and large-scale uniform B-field, in accordance with magnetically regulated star formation via ambipolar diffusion taking place in K04166. The B-field in K04169 is found to be ordered but oriented nearly perpendicular to the core minor axis and large-scale B-field and not well correlated with other axes. In contrast, Miz-8b exhibits a disordered B-field that shows no preferred alignment with the core minor axis or large-scale field. We found that only one core, K04166, retains a memory of the large-scale uniform B-field. The other two cores, K04169 and Miz-8b, are decoupled from the large-scale field. Such a complex B-field configuration could be caused by gas inflow onto the filament, even in the presence of a substantial magnetic flux.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hua, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular characteristics of eae-positive clinical Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Emerging microbes & infections. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2222-1751. ; 9:1, s. 2562-2570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic carriage, mild diarrhea to bloody diarrhea (BD) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Intimin, encoded by the eae gene, also plays a critical role in STEC pathogenesis. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of eae among clinical STEC isolates from patients with diarrhea, BD, HUS as well as from asymptomatic STEC-positive individuals in Sweden with whole-genome sequencing. We found that 173 out of 239 (72.4%) of clinical STEC strains were eae positive. Six eae subtypes (epsilon 1, gamma 1, beta 3, theta, zeta and rho) were identified eae and its subtype gamma 1 were significantly overrepresented in O157:H7 strains isolated from BD and HUS patients. epsilon 1 was associated with O121:H19 and O103:H2 strains, and beta 3 to O26:H11 strains. The combination of eae subtype gamma 1 and stx subtype (stx (2) or stx (1)+stx (2)) is more likely to cause severe disease, suggesting the possibility of using eae genotypes in risk assessment of STEC infection. In summary, this study demonstrated a high prevalence of eae in clinical STEC strains and considerable genetic diversity of eae in STEC strains in Sweden from 1994 through 2018, and revealed association between eae subtypes and disease severity.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hwang, Jihye, et al.
(författare)
-
The JCMT BISTRO Survey: A Spiral Magnetic Field in a Hub-filament Structure, Monoceros R2
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 941:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present and analyze observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm toward the central 1 × 1 pc hub-filament structure of Monoceros R2 (Mon R2). The data are obtained with SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations survey. The orientations of the magnetic field follow the spiral structure of Mon R2, which are well described by an axisymmetric magnetic field model. We estimate the turbulent component of the magnetic field using the angle difference between our observations and the best-fit model of the underlying large-scale mean magnetic field. This estimate is used to calculate the magnetic field strength using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, for which we also obtain the distribution of volume density and velocity dispersion using a column density map derived from Herschel data and the C18O (J = 3 - 2) data taken with HARP on the JCMT, respectively. We make maps of magnetic field strengths and mass-to-flux ratios, finding that magnetic field strengths vary from 0.02 to 3.64 mG with a mean value of 1.0 ± 0.06 mG, and the mean critical mass-to-flux ratio is 0.47 ± 0.02. Additionally, the mean Alfvén Mach number is 0.35 ± 0.01. This suggests that, in Mon R2, the magnetic fields provide resistance against large-scale gravitational collapse, and the magnetic pressure exceeds the turbulent pressure. We also investigate the properties of each filament in Mon R2. Most of the filaments are aligned along the magnetic field direction and are magnetically subcritical.
|
|
| 12. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Wang, Y. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Cyclic AMP in oocytes controls meiotic prophase I and primordial folliculogenesis in the perinatal mouse ovary
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Development. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 142:2, s. 343-351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In mammalian ovaries, a fixed population of primordial follicles forms during the perinatal stage and the oocytes contained within are arrested at the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I. In the current study, we provide evidence that the level of cyclic AMP ( cAMP) in oocytes regulates oocyte meiotic prophase I and primordial folliculogenesis in the perinatal mouse ovary. Our results show that the early meiotic development of oocytes is closely correlated with increased levels of intra-oocyte cAMP. Inhibiting cAMP synthesis in fetal ovaries delayed oocyte meiotic progression and inhibited the disassembly and degradation of synaptonemal complex protein 1. In addition, inhibiting cAMP synthesis in in vitro cultured fetal ovaries prevented primordial follicle formation. Finally, using an in situ oocyte chromosome analysis approach, we found that the dictyate arrest of oocytes is essential for primordial follicle formation under physiological conditions. Taken together, these results suggest a role for cAMP in early meiotic development and primordial follicle formation in the mouse ovary.
|
|
| 15. |
- Yu, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Restrain recombination by spraying pyrolysis TiO2 on NiO film for quinoxaline-based p-type dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Academic Press. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 490, s. 380-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we reported two new quinoxaline-based sensitizers (BQI and BQII) for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs) featuring carboxylic acid and pyridine as anchoring groups, respectively, in combination with triphenylamine donor. The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of BQI and BQII were investigated. Results showed that BQI-based p-DSSC with carboxylic acid anchoring group obtained higher photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.140%. To further optimize the device performance, we added a layer of TiO2 on the surface of NiO film as a barrier layer, which contributed to the improvement of the photocurrent density from 3.00 to 3.84 mA cm−2. The p-DSSCs based on BQI reached the PCE of 0.20% at an irradiance of 100 mW cm−2 simulated AM1.5 sunlight. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis indicated that the hole recombination resistance of p-DSSCs with TiO2 barrier layer was larger than that of the naked NiO film. Meanwhile, the surface profile of TiO2 on NiO film was verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS).
|
|
| 16. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 17. |
- Asztalos, S. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Isotopic yields of neutron-rich nuclei from deep-inelastic reactions
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 6101:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We follow up on our earlier work involving a light projectile (Ca-48) to populate high spin states in neutron-rich nuclei with results from experiments involving a heavier projectile (Sm-154) fur the purposes of studying isotopic yields. These yields, which in some cases were mensurable down to a level of 0.1 of the total reaction cross section, are presented from three separate reactions. A trend in the isotopic yields towards N/Z equilibration is observed in one experiment having a large disparity in N/Z ratios between the projectile and target. In the two other reactions, where the N/Z driving force is less pronounced, the yields are instead clustered around the projectile and target nuclei. We present correlated projectilelike and targetlike fragment isotopic yields derived from gamma-gamma coincidences, a technique that enables one to partition the yield of an isotope according to the amount of neutron evaporation. Using this method we find that for the zero-neutron evaporation channel transfer occurs predominantly into the light fragment, consistent with the nature of the deep-inelastic mechanism. We further find that multiple-neutron evaporation contributes substantially to the yields of the isotopes.
|
|
| 18. |
- Asztalos, S J, et al.
(författare)
-
Spin yields of neutron-rich nuclei from deep inelastic reactions
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 60:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential for using deep inelastic reactions to populate high-spin states in neutron-rich nuclei is studied in a series of experiments using GAMMASPHERE for gamma-ray detection and a silicon strip detector for measuring the angles of projectilelike and targetlike fragments. In three experiments 61 new transitions up to a maximum spin of 22 (h) over bar in 12 neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei were found. We observe that gamma-ray yields as a function of spin are flatter for all neutron transfer products than for inelastic excitation of either the projectile or target nucleus. Calculations are presented which indicate that this difference cannot be accounted for by quasielastic processes, but more likely are the result of larger energy loss processes, such as deep inelastic reactions. [S0556-2813(99)06009-4].
|
|
| 19. |
- Brismar, Hjalmar, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of endocytosis in renal dopamine D1 receptor signaling
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Pflügers Archiv. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6768 .- 1432-2013. ; 451:6, s. 793-802
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) includes receptor endocytosis. This phenomenon is suggested, at least for some receptors, to be associated with receptor resensitization. Here, we examined the role of receptor endocytosis for two different GPCR, the dopamine-1 (D1) receptor and the beta 1-adrenoceptor (beta(1)-AR) in renal tissue. The functional role of receptor endocytosis was examined on Na+, K+-ATPase activity in microdissected proximal tubules from rat kidney. The spatial regulation of endogenous D1 receptors and beta(1)-AR was examined by confocal microscopy techniques in LLCPK cells. Phenylarsine oxide (PAO) an endocytosis inhibitor, attenuated isoproterenol-induced decrease in Na+, K+-ATPase activity but had no such effect on dopamine-induced decrease in Na+, K+-ATPase activity. We have previously shown that isoproterenol sensitizes the renal dopamine system, by recruiting silent D1 receptors from the interior of the cell towards the plasma membrane. This effect was attenuated by PAO as well as by cytochalasin D while these substances had no effect on dopamine-induced D1 receptor recruitment. The beta(1)-AR was localized to the plasma membrane in control cells. Isoproterenol induced a rapid internalization of the beta(1)-AR; which was prevented by PAO. The results suggest that endocytosis of beta(1)-AR in renal proximal tubular cells is an important step in signal generation, while endocytosis of proximal tubular D1 receptor is not.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Cheng, Ming, et al.
(författare)
-
Phenoxazine-based small molecule material for efficient perovskite solar cells and bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 5:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenoxazine-based acceptor-donor-acceptor structured small-molecule material M1 is used either as a hole-transport material in (CH3NH3)PbI3-perovskite-based solar cells or as photoactive donor material in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Excellent power conversion efficiencies of 13.2% and 6.9% are achieved in these two types of photovoltaic devices, respectively.
|
|
| 22. |
- Cvetkovic, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of nonlinear effects on tracer migration in heterogeneous aquifers using Lagrangian travel time approach
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Water resources research. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 32:6, s. 1671-1680
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advective transport in a heterogeneous two-dimensional aquifer is simulated and quantified by the statistical moments of tracer travel time and transverse displacement. These moments depend on the statistics of the Lagrangian velocity given as a function of space rather than time. A comparison is made with first-order results that appear to be robust for log transmissivity variance at least up to 1. Lagrangian statistics for travel time clearly expose a few essential features of nonlinear transport: nonstationary distribution and the increasing integral scale of the Lagrangian velocity. These reflect the tendency of streamlines to concentrate into relatively few flow paths ('preferential flow') for increasing log transmissivity variance. Two simple empirical relationships are identified that in combination with first-order results for the flow capture the main features of nonlinear transport. The proposed methodology can readily be generalized for analyzing advective transport under more complex flow conditions and for establishing relatively simple analytical models for estimating solute mass flux in heterogeneous aquifers.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Hua, D., et al.
(författare)
-
A Novel Ferrofluid Rolling Robot : Design, Manufacturing, and Experimental Analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : IEEE. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing applications of magnetic robots in medical instruments, the research on different structures and locomotion approaches of magnetic robots has become a hotspot in recent years. A ferrofluid rolling robot (FRR) with magnetic actuation is proposed and enabled to realize a novel locomotion approach in this article. The drive performance of ferrofluid is elaborated, which is characterized by the magnetic torque of a rectangle-shaped object filled with ferrofluid under magnetic field. First, the proposed structure and locomotion mechanism of the FRR are detailed. Moreover, based on the established mathematical models of the FRR, the simulations with straight and turning locomotion are carried out, respectively. Finally, the FRR prototype is manufactured by 3-D printing, and experimental results demonstrate that the feasibility of straight and turning locomotion is verified. The locomotion performance of the FRR is in good agreement with the theoretical models where the root mean square (rms) value of displacement for experiments and simulations is 1.2 mm. In this work, the proposed FRR can automatically switch from straight to turning locomotion with a fast response in an external magnetic field, and does not has magnetism when without a magnetic field.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Hua, X. N., et al.
(författare)
-
The behaviour of multiple reaction fronts during iron (III) oxide reduction in a non-steady state packed bed for chemical looping water splitting
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9118 .- 0306-2619. ; 193, s. 96-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to the unclear temporal and spatial variations of axial solid conversion in a packed bed using iron (III) oxide as an oxygen carrier, we directly observe these variations by means of a sub-layer approach. The results indicate that the behaviour of the multiple reaction fronts during iron (III) oxide reduction by CO or H-2 within a packed bed for chemical looping water splitting (CLWS) is strongly dependent on the reaction temperature. When the reaction temperature is lower than the merging temperature, three reaction fronts, i.e., Fe2O3-Fe3O4, Fe3O4-Fe0.947O and Fe0.947O-Fe, and three product zones, i.e., Fe3O4, Fe0.947O and Fe, will appear in the packed bed. In contrast, when the reaction temperature is higher than the merging temperature, the Fe2O3-Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-Fe0.947O fronts merge, leading to the disappearance of the Fe3O4 zone. As a result, only the Fe2O3-Fe0.947O and Fe0.947O-Fe fronts, as well as Fe0.942O and Fe zones will appear in the packed bed. These reduction behaviours are verified by two breakthrough curves, one for T T-m, from the thermodynamically controlled reduction of iron (III) oxide in the packed bed. The reaction front movement model, which is proposed based on the reduction behaviour, can be used to determine the maximum solid conversion of the reduction step, i.e., the thermodynamic limitation of the reduction step, in the packed bed CLWS. The maximum solid conversion can reach 0.409 for the CO case and 0.554 for the H-2 case. The first discovery of both the behaviours of the reaction fronts movement and the thermodynamic limitations of the reduction step standardizes the criteria for both the oxygen carrier evaluation and the optimization of the operating conditions and provides theoretical support for scaling up the packed bed and developing new technology for packed bed CLWS.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Hua, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular Characterization of the Enterohemolysin Gene (ehxA) in Clinical Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Toxins. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6651. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen with the ability to cause bloody diarrhea (BD) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Little is known about enterohemolysin-encoded by ehxA. Here we investigated the prevalence and diversity of ehxA in 239 STEC isolates from human clinical samples. In total, 199 out of 239 isolates (83.26%) were ehxA positive, and ehxA was significantly overrepresented in isolates carrying stx(2a) + stx(2c) (p < 0.001) and eae (p < 0.001). The presence of ehxA was significantly associated with BD and serotype O157:H7. Five ehxA subtypes were identified, among which, ehxA subtypes B, C, and F were overrepresented in eae-positive isolates. All O157:H7 isolates carried ehxA subtype B, which was related to BD and HUS. Three ehxA groups were observed in the phylogenetic analysis, namely, group ? (ehxA subtype A), group II (ehxA subtype B, C, and F), and group (ehxA subtype D). Most BD- and HUS-associated isolates were clustered into ehxA group II, while ehxA group ? was associated with non-bloody stool and individuals >= 10 years of age. The presence of ehxA + eae and ehxA + eae + stx(2) was significantly associated with HUS and O157:H7 isolates. In summary, this study showed a high prevalence and the considerable genetic diversity of ehxA among clinical STEC isolates. The ehxA genotypes (subtype B and phylogenetic group II) could be used as risk predictors, as they were associated with severe clinical symptoms, such as BD and HUS. Furthermore, ehxA, together with stx and eae, can be used as a risk predictor for HUS in STEC infections.
|
|
| 39. |
- Hua, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Whole-genome characterization of hemolytic uremic syndrome-causing Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Virulence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2150-5594 .- 2150-5608. ; 12:1, s. 1296-1305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, a foodborne bacterial pathogen, has been linked to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic carriage to fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Here, we collected clinical data and STEC strains from HUS patients from 1994 through 2018, whole-genome sequencing was performed to molecularly characterize HUS-associated STEC strains, statistical analysis was conducted to identify bacterial genetic factors associated with severe outcomes in HUS patients. O157:H7 was the most predominant serotype (57%) among 54 HUS-associated STEC strains, followed by O121:H19 (19%) and O26:H11 (7%). Notably, some non-predominant serotypes such as O59:H17 (2%) and O109:H21 (2%) also caused HUS. All O157:H7 strains with one exception belonged to clade 8. During follow-up at a median of 4years, 41% of the patients had renal sequelae. Fifty-nine virulence genes were found to be statistically associated with severe renal sequelae, these genes encoded type II and type III secretion system effectors, chaperones, and other factors. Notably, virulence genes associated with severe clinical outcomes were significantly more prevalent in O157:H7 strains. In contrast, genes related to mild symptoms were evenly distributed across all serotypes. The whole-genome phylogeny indicated high genomic diversity among HUS-STEC strains. No distinct cluster was found between HUS and non-HUS STEC strains. The current study showed that O157:H7 remains the main cause of STEC-associated HUS, despite the rising importance of other non-O157 serotypes. Besides, O157:H7 is associated with severe renal sequelae in the follow-up, which could be a risk factor for long-term prognosis in HUS patients. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
|
|
| 40. |
- Jack, C. R., et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 11:7, s. 740-756
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is now in its 10th year. The primary objective of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) core of ADNI has been to improve methods for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. Methods: We review the contributions of the MRI core from present and past cycles of ADNI (ADNI-1, -Grand Opportunity and -2). We also review plans for the future-ADNI-3. Results: Contributions of the MRI core include creating standardized acquisition protocols and quality control methods; examining the effect of technical features of image acquisition and analysis on outcome metrics; deriving sample size estimates for future trials based on those outcomes; and piloting the potential utility of MR perfusion, diffusion, and functional connectivity measures in multicenter clinical trials. Discussion: Over the past decade the MRI core of ADNI has fulfilled its mandate of improving methods for clinical trials in AD and will continue to do so in the future. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Alzheimer's Association.
|
|
| 41. |
- Jacobsson, Jesper, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 7:1, s. 107-115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences.
|
|
| 42. |
- Jiang, Q. H., et al.
(författare)
-
High-temperature ferroelectric phase transition observed in multiferroic Bi0.91La0.05Tb0.04FeO3
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 95:1, s. 12909-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single-phase Bi0.91La0.05Tb0.04FeO3 polycrystalline ceramic was fabricated by spark-plasma-sintering the precursor powder prepared by a sol-gel method. Temperature-dependent properties of polycrystalline Bi0.91La0.05Tb0.04FeO3 were characterized by x-ray diffraction, dielectric, and piezoelectric measurement. The x-ray diffraction results revealed a phase transition near 700 degrees C. Especially, temperature-dependent dielectric behavior demonstrated that there was a dielectric abnormal peak at about 697 degrees C, in addition to those two well-known dielectric abnormal peaks at 337 degrees C (Neel temperature) and 831 degrees C (Curie temperature). The observations, together with thermal depoled behavior, suggest a ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition from R(3)c to Pbnm at around 700 degrees C.
|
|
| 43. |
- Lai, L, et al.
(författare)
-
The Prognostic Factors of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: A single-center cohort study.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Medicine. - 1536-5964. ; 97:31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is considered one of the main causes of left ventricular dysfunction and is the leading cause of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in developed countries. However, very few studies have investigated the relationship between clinical characteristics and prognosis in ACM.This study aimed to identify risk factors related to a poor outcome in ACM patients.Retrospective cohort study.This study included 321 patients with ACM admitted to our hospital between 2003 and 2013. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with ACM, and the primary endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality, which was assessed through patient medical records (review of patient hospital records and periodic examination of patients in the outpatient clinic) and medical follow-up calls with trained personnel. All-cause mortality was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the risk factors were assessed using Cox regression. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to optimize the cutoff point for discriminating between the 2 risk groups.After a median follow-up period of 3.78 years (interquartile range: 2.08-6.52 years), 83 (27.7%) patients were dead. The independent predictors of all-cause mortality due to ACM were the QRS duration (HR: 1.014; 95% CI: 1.004-1.019; P=.003), systolic blood pressure (HR: 0.980; 95% CI: 0.963- 0.997; P=.020), and New York Heart Association classification (HR: 1.595; 95% CI: 1.110-2.290; P=.011) at admission.Our study indicated that the QRS duration, systolic blood pressure, and New York Heart Association classification at admission provided independent prognostic information in patients with ACM.
|
|
| 44. |
- Lee, I Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Study of neutron-rich nuclei using deep-inelastic reactions
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 56:2, s. 753-759
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used the Ca-48+Yb-176 reaction to study the population of high-spin states in neutron-rich nuclei by deep-inelastic reactions. Using Gammasphere, we observed gamma transitions from nuclei several neutrons richer than the target. Yrast states with spin up to 20 were populated in this reaction. High-spin states in Yb-175,Yb-177,Yb-178 were observed. In this region of reduced pairing, a reference based on experimental data was used to derive experimental Routhians. Systematics of experimental Routhians in neutron-rich Yb nuclei compare well with cranked shell-model calculations.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Liu, Lei, et al.
(författare)
-
Irreversible phase transitions of the multiferroic oxide Mn3TeO6 at high pressures
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 121:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to their large bandgaps, multiferroic oxides, the promising candidates for overcoming the disadvantages of metal-halide perovskites as light absorbers, have so far very limited use in solar cell applications. Previous investigations demonstrate that high pressure represents an efficient tool for tuning the bandgap of multiferroic Mn3TeO6 (MTO). However, the underlying mechanism of the giant bandgap reduction discovered in MTO remains unclear, which critically prevents the design of next-generation light absorbers. In this study, we performed in situ x-ray diffraction analyses on the structure evolution of MTO upon compression and decompression, discovering a sequence of irreversible phase transitions R(3)over bar -> C2/c -> P2(1)/n. The experimental results, supported by electronic structure calculations, show the shortening of Mn-O-Mn bonding, and, to a lower extent, the decrease in connectivity of octahedra across the phase transition, explain the giant bandgap reduction of MTO. These findings will facilitate the design and synthesis of next-generation light absorbers in solar cells.
|
|
| 47. |
- Ma, Yong, et al.
(författare)
-
Local structures of nitrogen doped graphdiynes determined by computational X-ray spectroscopy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 149, s. 672-678
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen doping is an important method to modulate electronic structure of two-dimensional carbon materials. The properties of the doped systems are heavily dependent on the local structure of nitrogen dopants involved, which are often determined by experimental X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) at the nitrogen K-edge. In the present work, the N1s XPS and NEXAFS spectra of nitrogen-doped graphdiynes have been accurately calculated at the density functional theory level. Five representative nitrogen-dopants in graphdiynes, namely [pyridinic, amino, graphitic, and two sp-hybridized N (sp-N-1 and sp-N-2) local structures], are fully examined, from which all experimental features could be correctly assigned. The calculated results can be used to determine the ratio of different nitrogen dopants in graphdiyne at different elevated temperatures reported in previous experiments. Our findings provide the basic references for structure determination of nitrogen doped graphdiyne and new understanding of the underlying structure-property relationships.
|
|
| 48. |
- Mascher, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
A chromosome conformation capture ordered sequence of the barley genome
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 544:7651, s. 427-433
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cereal grasses of the Triticeae tribe have been the major food source in temperate regions since the dawn of agriculture. Their large genomes are characterized by a high content of repetitive elements and large pericentromeric regions that are virtually devoid of meiotic recombination. Here we present a high-quality reference genome assembly for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We use chromosome conformation capture mapping to derive the linear order of sequences across the pericentromeric space and to investigate the spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus at megabase resolution. The composition of genes and repetitive elements differs between distal and proximal regions. Gene family analyses reveal lineage-specific duplications of genes involved in the transport of nutrients to developing seeds and the mobilization of carbohydrates in grains. We demonstrate the importance of the barley reference sequence for breeding by inspecting the genomic partitioning of sequence variation in modern elite germplasm, highlighting regions vulnerable to genetic erosion.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Merino, Jordi, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide meta-analysis of macronutrient intake of 91,114 European ancestry participants from the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 24:12, s. 1920-1932
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macronutrient intake, the proportion of calories consumed from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases with significant familial aggregation. Previous studies have identified two genetic loci for macronutrient intake, but incomplete coverage of genetic variation and modest sample sizes have hindered the discovery of additional loci. Here, we expanded the genetic landscape of macronutrient intake, identifying 12 suggestively significant loci (P < 1 × 10−6) associated with intake of any macronutrient in 91,114 European ancestry participants. Four loci replicated and reached genome-wide significance in a combined meta-analysis including 123,659 European descent participants, unraveling two novel loci; a common variant in RARB locus for carbohydrate intake and a rare variant in DRAM1 locus for protein intake, and corroborating earlier FGF21 and FTO findings. In additional analysis of 144,770 participants from the UK Biobank, all identified associations from the two-stage analysis were confirmed except for DRAM1. Identified loci might have implications in brain and adipose tissue biology and have clinical impact in obesity-related phenotypes. Our findings provide new insight into biological functions related to macronutrient intake.
|
|
