| 1. |
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Ali, Asad, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging strategies and developments in oxygen reduction reaction using high-performance platinum-based electrocatalysts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nano Reseach. - : Tsinghua University Press. - 1998-0124 .- 1998-0000. ; 17:5, s. 3516-3532
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global practical implementation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) heavily relies on the advancement of highly effective platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To achieve high ORR performance, electrocatalysts with highly accessible reactive surfaces are needed to promote the uncovering of active positions for easy mass transportation. In this critical review, we introduce different approaches for the emerging development of effective ORR electrocatalysts, which offer high activity and durability. The strategies, including morphological engineering, geometric configuration modification via supporting materials, alloys regulation, core-shell, and confinement engineering of single atom electrocatalysts (SAEs), are discussed in line with the goals and requirements of ORR performance enhancement. We review the ongoing development of Pt electrocatalysts based on the syntheses, nanoarchitecture, electrochemical performances, and stability. We eventually explore the obstacles and research directions on further developing more effective electrocatalysts.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Chen, Zhuo, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability-Oriented Multi-Objective Optimization of Electrical Machines Considering Insulation Thermal Lifetime Prediction
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2332-7782. ; 10:1, s. 2264-2276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the trend toward transportation electrification, the power density of electrical machines faces ever-increasing requirement owing to the stringent limit of weight, especially for aerospace applications. Conventionally, the reliability of electrical machines in such safety-critical application is guaranteed by considerable safety margins, i.e., the over-engineering approach, which prevents electrical machines from reaching higher power densities and leads to a design conflict. This paper proposes a reliability-oriented design approach for low-voltage electrical machines by integrating model-based lifetime prediction into a multi-objective optimization process. Accelerated thermal degradation tests are carried out on mainwall insulation and turn insulation, then the thermal degradation model is built to predict the lifetimes, accordingly. Thermal lifetime models are developed at several lifetime percentiles for both continuous duty and variable duty applications. Finally, a feasible reliability-oriented multi-objective optimization platform is established, based on which a study-case electrical machine for aerospace application is designed and optimized. The prototype is manufactured to verify the optimized performances.
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| 6. |
- Fei, Keke, et al.
(författare)
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LcrQ coordinates with the YopD-LcrH complex to repress lcrF expression and control type III secretion by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: mBio. - : American Society for Microbiology (ASM). - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-pathogenic Yersinia species employ a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) to negate immune cell function during infection. A critical element in this process is the coordinated regulation of T3SS gene expression, which involves both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. LcrQ is one of the earliest identified negative regulators of Yersinia T3SS, but its regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In a previous study, we showed that LcrQ antagonizes the activation role played by the master transcriptional regulator LcrF. In this study, we confirm that LcrQ directly interacts with LcrH, the chaperone of YopD, to facilitate the negative regulatory role of the YopD-LcrH complex in repressing lcrF expression at the posttranscriptional level. Negative regulation is strictly dependent on the YopD-LcrH complex, more so than on LcrQ. The YopD-LcrH complex helps to retain cytoplasmic levels of LcrQ to facilitate the negative regulatory effect. Interestingly, RNase E and its associated protein RhlB participate in this negative regulatory loop through a direct interaction with LcrH and LcrQ. Hence, we present a negative regulatory loop that physically connects LcrQ to the posttranscriptional regulation of LcrF, and this mechanism incorporates RNase E involved in mRNA decay.
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| 7. |
- Guo, Yingying, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing Predictions of Tissue and Intracellular Drug Concentrations Using In Vitro, Imaging and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approaches
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 104:5, s. 865-889
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This white paper examines recent progress, applications, and challenges in predicting unbound and total tissue and intra/subcellular drug concentrations using in vitro and preclinical models, imaging techniques, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Published examples, regulatory submissions, and case studies illustrate the application of different types of data in drug development to support modeling and decision making for compounds with transporter-mediated disposition, and likely disconnects between tissue and systemic drug exposure. The goals of this article are to illustrate current best practices and outline practical strategies for selecting appropriate in vitro and in vivo experimental methods to estimate or predict tissue and plasma concentrations, and to use these data in the application of PBPK modeling for human pharmacokinetic (PK), efficacy, and safety assessment in drug development.
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| 8. |
- Hao, Wende, et al.
(författare)
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Vitronectin : a promising breast cancer serum biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer in patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer. - 1010-4283 .- 1423-0380. ; 37:7, s. 8909-8916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, identification of new biomarkers for early diagnosis and detection will improve the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. In the present study, we determined serum levels of vitronectin (VN) in 93 breast cancer patients, 30 benign breast lesions, 9 precancerous lesions, and 30 healthy individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum VN level was significantly higher in patients with stage 0-I primary breast cancer than in healthy individuals, patients with benign breast lesion or precancerous lesions, as well as those with breast cancer of higher stages. Serum VN level was significantly and negatively correlated with tumor size, lymph node status, and clinical stage (p < 0.05 in all cases). In addition, VN displayed higher area under curve (AUC) value (0.73, 95 % confidence interval (CI) [0.62-0.84]) than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (0.64, 95 % CI [0.52-0.77]) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) (0.69, 95 % CI [0.58-0.81]) when used to distinguish stage 0-I cancer and normal control. Importantly, the combined use of three biomarkers yielded an improvement in receiver operating characteristic curve with an AUC of 0.83, 95 % CI [0.74-0.92]. Taken together, our current study showed for the first time that serum VN is a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer when combined with CEA and CA15-3.
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| 9. |
- Huang, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a human head and neck muscle activation control model based on BPNN
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems. - 1875-8967 .- 1064-1246. ; 34:2, s. 1161-1167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the development of vehicle active safety technology and its combination with passive safety technologies, there is a need for an updated tool to assess the performance of vehicle safety systems in both the in-crash and pre-crash phases. Consequently, developing human body models with active muscles is critical to achieve improved bio-fidelity simulation results to evaluate the effects of safety systems. In the present study, an innovative human active muscle control model based on a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) controller was developed, and the active muscle response was modelled using a feedback control strategy with the BPNN algorithm implemented in a human head and neck Sim Mechanics model. The BPNN controller was used to dynamically control the muscle activation level, the most complicated and essential factor in active muscle force calculation based on the Hill equation. Then, the active muscle control model was evaluated by simulating the human response in volunteer sled tests. The results validated the proposed active muscle control method as successful and easily realized. Achieving muscle active control would further improve the bio-fidelity of the human body model.
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| 10. |
- Huang, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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A Robust Deadbeat Predictive Current Control Method for IPMSM
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2332-7782. ; , s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deadbeat predictive current control (DPCC) demonstrates excellent dynamic performance. However, in practical applications, its effectiveness is degraded by parameter mismatches and inverter nonlinearities. Among the various improvement methods addressed for these issues, incremental model-based DPCC (I-DPCC) achieves zero static current error with a low computational burden but suffers from instability under parameter variation, especially when applied to interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). In this paper, a robust I-DPCC (RI-DPCC) combining feedforward control is proposed for IPMSM, with an adjustable stable operation range that can be extended to twice the actual inductance or even larger. To further improve the robustness of dynamic performance, an inductance correction method is introduced to track the variation of inductance during dynamic processes. Thus, the current commands can be well tracked even when significant inductance variation occurs. With sufficient voltage margin, the dynamic processes under mismatched inductance can be shortened to four control periods. Finally, experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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| 11. |
- Huang, Xiaoyan
(författare)
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Determinants and clinical implications of circulating fatty acids in individuals with chronic kidney disease
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adding to traditional risk factors, e.g., Framingham risk factors, novel risk factors including inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are being detected in patients with advanced CKD. Previous research demonstrates a promising possibility of improving patient outcomes by dietary manipulation, which could be an essential part of multi-faceted interventions. This thesis tries to increase our understanding of circulating fatty acids as a reflection of dietary intake in patients with CKD, with special emphasis on their clinical determinants and outcome implications. Study 1 identifies fatty acids in serum cholesterol esters and adipose tissue that are adequate biomarkers of habitual intake in CKD. We found that linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and palmitic acid in serum cholesterol esters and adipose tissue are good indicators of the habitual dietary fat intake in elderly men with CKD. Dietary fish intake reflects well the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of marine origin. Study 2 investigates the implications of circulating essential PUFA, as a reflection of long-term dietary intake, on the inflammatory risk profile and clinical outcome of dialysis patients. LA in plasma phospholipids is inversely associated with interleukin-6 and all-cause mortality in dialysis patients. Associations between n-3 PUFA, inflammation and mortality were not observed. Study 3 investigates clinical determinants and outcome implications of estimated stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) activities of the liver and adipose tissue, as indicators of saturated fat intake, in dialysis patients. We found that both hepatic and adipose tissue SCD-1 activity indices independently relate with interleukin-6 and predict mortality in dialysis patients. Study 4 assesses cross-sectional relationships between serum fatty acid patterns, MetS, IR and inflammation in CKD. A serum fatty acid pattern reflecting low LA and high saturated fatty acids strongly associates with MetS, IR and C-reactive protein, while another pattern reflecting high n-3 PUFA is not linked with these risk factors, in two independent cohorts of elderly individuals with CKD.
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| 12. |
- Huang, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and mortality in dialysis patients
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 27:9, s. 3615-3620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential nutrients with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. We investigated the association of essential dietary PUFA intake, reflected by plasma fatty acid composition, with inflammation and mortality in dialysis patients.Methods. We recruited 222 Swedish dialysis subjects (39% women) with median age of 57 years and average 12 months of dialysis vintage. Plasma phospholipid PUFA were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. Overall mortality was assessed after 18.4 (10th-90th percentiles: 2.3-60) months of follow-up.Results. Linoleic acid (LA), Mead acid (MA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3; the sum of eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) represented 19.7, 0.26, 0.26 and 7.64% of all fatty acids in plasma, respectively. This may reflect an adequate n-3 PUFA intake. LA was negatively (beta = -0.21, P = 0.004) but MA positively (beta = 0.25, P < 0.001) associated with interleukin (IL)-6 in multivariate analyses. Neither ALA nor LC n-3 were independently associated with IL-6. During follow-up, 61 deaths and 115 kidney transplants occurred. Fully adjusted competing risk models showed that every percent increase in the proportion of plasma LA was associated with 12% reduction in mortality risk before transplantation (hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.79-0.99). MA was directly associated with mortality. Neither ALA nor LC n-3 predicted outcome.Conclusions. The proportion of plasma phospholipid LA is inversely associated with IL-6 and all-cause mortality in Swedish dialysis patients. We raise the hypothesis that dialysis patients could benefit from increased intake of vegetable oils, the primary source of LA in the Western-type diet.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Huang, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean diet, kidney function, and mortality in men with CKD
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. - 1555-905X .- 1555-9041. ; 8:9, s. 1548-1555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may link to a better preserved kidney function in the community as well as a favorable cardiometabolic profile and reduced mortality risk in individuals with manifest CKD.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Dietary habits were determined by 7-day dietary records in a population-based cohort of 1110 Swedish men (age 70 years) from 1991 to 1995, 506 of whom were considered to have CKD because of a GFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). A Mediterranean Diet Score was calculated, and participants were categorized as having low, medium, or high adherence. Adequate dietary reporters were identified with Goldberg cutoffs (n=597). Deaths were registered during a median follow-up of 9.9 years.RESULTS: Compared with low adherents, medium and high adherents were 23% and 42% less likely to have CKD, respectively (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.77 [0.57 to 1.05] and 0.58 [0.38 to 0.87], respectively, P for trend=0.04). Among those individuals with CKD, phosphate intake and net endogenous acid production were progressively lower across increasing adherence groups. No differences were observed regarding other cardiometabolic risk factors across adherence groups. As many as 168 (33%) CKD individuals died during follow-up. Compared with low adherents, proportional hazards regression associated medium and high adherents to a 25% and 23% lower mortality risk, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.75 [0.52 to 1.06] and 0.77 [0.44 to 1.36], respectively, P for trend=0.10). Sensitivity analyses showed significant and stronger associations when only adequate dietary reporters were considered.CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower likelihood of CKD in elderly men. A greater adherence to this diet independently predicted survival in those patients with manifest CKD. Clinical trials are warranted to test the hypothesis that following such a diet could improve outcomes (independent of other healthy lifestyles) in CKD patients.
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| 15. |
- Huang, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Serum and adipose tissue fatty acid composition as biomarkers of habitual dietary fat intake in elderly men with chronic kidney disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press. - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 29:1, s. 128-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Fatty acid (FA) composition in serum cholesterol esters (CE) and adipose tissue (AT) reflect the long-term FA intake in the general population. Because both dietary intake and FA biomarkers associate with renal function, our aim was to identify which CE and AT FAs are useful biomarkers of habitual FA intake in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Cross-sectional analysis was performed in 506 men (aged 70 years) with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men cohort. Dietary habits were evaluated with a 7-day dietary record. FA compositions in CE and AT were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography in two random subsamples of 248 and 318 individuals, respectively.Results Both CE and AT linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were strongly associated with their corresponding intake, after adjustments for non-dietary factors. The proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and palmitic acid in CE and AT moderately correlated with dietary intake, whereas correlations of other FAs were weaker or absent. Proportions of EPA and DHA in CE and AT were positively associated with the total energy-adjusted fish intake. Results were confirmed in adequate reporters as identified by the Goldberg cutoff method. These relationships held constant, regardless of a GFR above or below 45 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) or the prevalence of microalbuminuria.Conclusions Proportions of EPA, DHA, palmitic and linoleic acid in serum CE and AT are good indicators of their dietary intake in men with CKD. They can be considered valid biomarkers for epidemiological studies and assessment of compliance.
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| 16. |
- Ji, Yuanhui, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic analysis on the mineralization of trace organic contaminants with oxidants in advanced oxidation processes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 48:23, s. 10728-10733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing demand for the efficient treatment of organic polluted wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which calls for the determination of the mineralization order of ease for the organic contaminants with oxidants. The mineralization abilities of organic contaminants in AOPs are investigated in this work. Photocatalytic experiments for three representative organic contaminants are carried out, and their corresponding reaction rates are determined experimentally. Meanwhile, molar Gibbs free energy changes Delta(r)G(m)degrees for the reactions of 31 organic contaminants (10 chlorinated hydrocarbons, four brominated hydrocarbons, I I aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, three chloroacetic acid, and three chloroacetyl chloride) with oxidants of (OH)-O-center dot, H2O2, O-center dot(-), O-3, and O-2 are calculated, and the mineralization order of ease is determined theoretically on the basis of Delta(r)G(m)degrees. The agreement of the theoretical and experimental mineralization abilities for most of the organic contaminants investigated implies the reliability of the determination of the mineralization ability from the magnitude of Delta(r)G(m)degrees for the mineralization of trace organic contaminants. Results also show that for most of the organic contaminants studied, the mineralization abilities are (OH)-O-center dot > H2O2 > O-center dot(-) > O-3 > O-2, and the mineralization ability of the organic contaminants depends on not only the oxidants but also the structure and properties of the organic contaminants themselves, and the degradation reaction products.
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| 17. |
- Ji, Yuanhui, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic study on the reactivity of trace organic contaminant with the hydroxyl radicals in waters by advanced oxidation processes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Fluid Phase Equilibria. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3812 .- 1879-0224. ; 277:1, s. 15-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is to investigate the degradation abilities of various chlorinated aliphatics, benzene and its derivatives in order to treat organic polluted wastewaters efficiently by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A thermodynamic method is proposed to calculate the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation for aqueous organic species. Using the method proposed, the standard molar Gibbs energies of formation for 31 aqueous organic species are obtained. Moreover, the molar Gibbs energy change of reaction Δr Gm0 for the organic species with hydroxyl radicals is calculated from the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation for aqueous organic species to determine the degradation order of ease for the organic species. New photocatalytic experiments are carried out for the model verification. The calculation results of the model agree with the available and new experimental results. This work shows that the thermodynamics of the degradation reaction for the organic pollutants in AOPs can find the corresponding relationships with the degradation reaction rate by experimental measurements. The work in this paper represents a success of thermodynamics for the application in environmental area.
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| 18. |
- Jia, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of insulin sensitivity surrogate indices and prediction of clinical outcomes in individuals with and without impaired renal function
- 2014
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 86:2, s. 383-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses with abnormalities in glucose and insulin metabolism, commonly used insulin sensitivity indices (151s) may not be applicable in individuals with CKD. Here we sought to validate surrogate ISls against the glucose disposal rate by the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp (HEGC) technique in 1074 elderly men of similar age (70 years) of whom 495 had and 579 did not have CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) under 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (median eGFR of 46 ml/min per 1.73 m2)). All ISls provided satisfactory (weighted K over 0.6) estimates of the glucose disposal rate in patients with CKD. ISls derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) agreed better with HEGC than those from fasting samples (higher predictive accuracy). Regardless of CKD strata, all ISls allowed satisfactory clinical discrimination between the presence and absence of insulin resistance (glucose disposal rate under 4 mg/kg/min). We also assessed the ability of both HEGC and ISls to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality during a 10-year follow-up. Neither HEGC nor ISIs independently predicted mortality. Adjustment for renal function did not materially change these associations. Thus, ISls can be applied in individuals with moderately impaired renal function for diagnostic purposes. For research matters, OGTT-derived ISls may be preferred. Our data do not support the hypothesis of kidney function mediating insulin sensitivity (I5)-associated outcomes nor a role for IS as a predictor of mortality
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| 19. |
- Leng, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations of Elastic Property of Spastic Muscle With Its Joint Resistance Evaluated From Shear Wave Elastography and Biomechanical Model
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to quantify passive muscle stiffness of spastic wrist flexors in stroke survivors using shear wave elastography (SWE) and to correlate with neural and non-neural contributors estimated from a biomechanical model to hyper-resistance measured during passive wrist extension. Fifteen hemiplegic individuals after stroke with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score larger than one were recruited. SWE were used to measure Young's modulus of flexor carpi radialis muscle with joint from 0 degrees (at rest) to 50 degrees flexion (passive stretch condition), with 10 degrees interval. The neural (NC) and non-neural components i.e., elasticity component (EC) and viscosity component (VC) of the wrist joint were analyzed from a motorized mechanical device NeuroFlexor (R) (NF). Combining with a validated biomechanical model, the neural reflex and muscle stiffness contribution to the increased resistance can be estimated. MAS and Fugl-Meyer upper limb score were also measured to evaluate the spasticity and motor function of paretic upper limb. Young's modulus was significantly higher in the paretic side of flexor carpi radialis than that of the non-paretic side (p < 0.001) and it increased significantly from 0 degrees to 50 degrees of the paretic side (p < 0.001). NC, EC, and VC on the paretic side were higher than the non-paretic side (p < 0.05). There was moderate significant positive correlation between the Young's Modulus and EC (r = 0.565, p = 0.028) and VC (r = 0.645, p = 0.009) of the paretic forearm flexor muscle. Fugl-Meyer of the paretic forearm flexor has a moderate significant negative correlation with NC (r = -0.578, p = 0.024). No significant correlation between MAS and shear elastic modulus or NF components was observed. This study demonstrated the feasibility of combining SWE and NF as a non-invasive approach to assess spasticity of paretic muscle and joint in stroke clinics. The neural and non-neural components analysis as well as correlation findings of muscle stiffness of SWE might provide understanding of mechanism behind the neuromuscular alterations in stroke survivors and facilitate the design of suitable intervention for them.
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| 20. |
- Li, Zhaokai, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical Analysis of Quasi-Halbach Array Permanent-Magnet Motors Based on Field Separation Theory
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2332-7782. ; , s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes the field separation theory for predicting the magnetic field of a quasi-Halbach array permanent-magnet motor considering the magnetization pattern and iron saturation. According to the proposed method, the air-gap field consists of a permanent-magnet field, winding current field, and equivalent saturation field. The equivalent permanent-magnet currents replacing the Halbach array with radial or parallel magnetization are introduced to obtain the linear analytical air-gap field of the permanent magnets. The winding current field relating to the slot shape and air-gap length can be directly determined using the linear analytical model. The equivalent saturation field is derived from the combination of the linear analytical model in the air gap and the magnetic circuit model in the iron region. The finite-element analysis of an 8-pole/9-slot Halbach array permanent-magnet motor and its prototype experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the field separation theory, which is then used to analyze the harmonic magnetic field of Halbach array permanent-magnet motors to further improve the electromagnetic torque estimation.
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| 21. |
- Li, Zhaokai, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Analytical Model for Predicting the Electromagnetic Losses in Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Motors
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. - : IEEE Press. - 2332-7782. ; 10:1, s. 1388-1397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a comprehensive method to predict the electromagnetic losses in surface-mounted permanent-magnet (PM) motors based on a hybrid analytical model (HAM). HAM will significantly improve the calculation speed compared with finite-element method (FEM) while keeping great accuracy, making it a competitive alternative for the analysis and optimization of PM motors. As the accurate field distribution is the bias of electromagnetic losses prediction, the magnet loss, sleeve loss, and copper loss can all be accurately obtained from their vector potential distribution using HAM with small computational burden. As for iron loss, the improved Jiles–Atherton (JA) model is proposed to build the relationship between the loss and the magnetic field in the iron region from the perspective of energy conversion. The predictions of magnet loss, sleeve loss, and copper loss using HAM agree well with the FEM. The experiment on surface-mounted PM prototype demonstrates the high accuracy of iron loss calculation using the combination of the improved JA model and HAM.
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| 22. |
- Li, Zhaokai, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Analytical Model of Permanent Magnet Linear Motor Considering Iron Saturation and End Effect
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on energy conversion. - 0885-8969 .- 1558-0059. ; , s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposed a hybrid analytical model for predicting the magnetic field distribution of slotted surface-mounted permanent magnet linear motor considering both iron saturation and end effect. In the proposed model, the segmented conformal mapping is developed to reduce the computation time while keeping same accuracy, especially when the end effect significantly affects the motor performance. Then, with the help of the magnetic circuit model in the primary and secondary iron, the magnetic potential drop of iron is obtained from the iterative calculation. The equivalent saturation current is introduced to represent the iron saturation and finally the performance of permanent magnet linear motor can be obtained considering both iron saturation and end effect. The proposed model expands the scope of the analytical models for the analysis of linear motors. The finite element analysis and experimental validation are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
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| 23. |
- Li, Zhaokai, et al.
(författare)
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The Scalable Analytical Model for Calculating the Magnetic Field of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Motor
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; , s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article develops a scalable analytical model that builds a relationship between any surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) motor and a general motor with variable slot-opening and air-gap length, considering both the saturation effect and slotting effect. It can not only give the performance of the single SPM motor but also show internal connection among different SPM motors regardless of the motor power and dimension. To account for the iron saturation, the equivalent saturation current combined with simplified BH curves of iron is introduced to directly present the iron magnetic potential distribution without an iterative process. Thus, the proposed model can be used as the surrogate model in the motor design with little computation and provide great insight into the relationship among motors with different power and dimension. Both finite-element analysis and experiment are carried out to validate the proposed model.
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| 24. |
- Liu, Ang, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear Analytical Model-Embedded Optimal Design for ER-PMSM
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. - : IEEE Press. - 0018-9464 .- 1941-0069. ; 60:3, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposed a nonlinear analytical model (NAM)-embedded optimal design procedure for permanent-magnet synchronous motors with an external rotor. Combined with the winding inductance calculation, a refined magnetic circuit is proposed for the analytical prediction of the electromagnetic performance. The stator nonlinearity, which is significant in torque prediction, is considered by using the conception of saturation current. Then, ant colony algorithm is employed for the multi-objective optimization for the great potential in global exploring. Finally, optimal design parameters are selected from the Pareto front. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization design method is verified by finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental results of the manufactured prototype.
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| 25. |
- Liu, Chang, et al.
(författare)
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The biomethane producing potential in China : A theoretical and practical estimation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1004-9541 .- 2210-321X. ; 24:7, s. 920-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomethane has been developed rapidly in many countries as a renewable energy which upgraded from biogas. China also began to pay attention to it even though we still at a initial stage, primarily, understanding the biomethane potential and development prospect, choosing appropriate biomass as the biomethane source is very important. In this work, the theoretical and practical biomethane producing potential from five main biomass resources in China were estimated with appropriate methods based on the data collected, and during calculation, two appropriate energy crops were assumed to be planted on marginal lands for biomethane production. Our estimation showed that the theoretical and practical biomethane potentials in China can reach to 888.78 and 316.30 billion m3 per year, agricultural waste should be the preferential development biomass, and planting energy crops on marginal lands is the most promising way to enhance biomethane production in China. When compared with natural gas, Chinese natural gas consumption in 2013 only account for 48.15 % of the practical biomethane potential.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Luis, Desiree, et al.
(författare)
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Estimated Dietary Acid Load Is Not Associated with Blood Pressure or Hypertension Incidence in Men Who Are Approximately 70 Years Old
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 145:2, s. 315-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dietary acid load affects acid-base homeostasis, which may be associated with blood pressure (BP). Previous research on dietary acid load and BP in the community has provided conflicting results, which may be confounded by underlying kidney function with inability to eliminate acid excess. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary acid load is associated with blood pressure or the incidence of hypertension in older men taking into account each individual's kidney function. Methods: We included 673 men aged 70-71 y and not receiving antihypertensive medication from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. Of those, 378 men were re-examined after 7 y. Dietary acid load was estimated at baseline by potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP), based on nutrient intake assessed by 7-d food records at baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed at both visits. Cystatin C-estimated kidney function allowed identification of underlying chronic kidney disease. Results: Median estimated PRAL and NEAP were 3.3 and 40.7 mEq/d, respectively. In cross-section, PRAL was in general not associated with ABPM measurements (all P > 0.05, except for the 24-h diastolic BP). During follow-up, PRAL did not predict ABPM changes (all P > 0.05). When individuals with baseline hypertension (ABPM >= 130/80 mm Hg) or nondippers (with nighttime-to-daytime systolic BP ratio > 0.9) were excluded, PRAL was not a predictor of incident cases (P > 0.30). Kidney function did not modify these null relations. Similar findings were obtained with the use of NEAP as the exposure. Conclusion: Our analyses linking estimated dietary acid load with BP outcome measurements both cross-sectionally and after 7 y in community-based older Swedish men of similar age did not reveal an association between dietary acid load and BP.
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| 28. |
- Luis, Desiree, et al.
(författare)
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Renal function associates with energy intake in elderly community-dwelling men
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 111:12, s. 2184-2189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy intake and renal function decrease with age. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), spontaneous food intake decreases in parallel with the loss of renal function. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a possible relationship between renal dysfunction and energy intake in elderly community-dwelling men. A cross-sectional study including 1087 men aged 70 years from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) community-based cohort was carried out. Dietary intake was assessed using 7 d food records, and glomerular filtration rate was estimated from serum cystatin C concentrations. Energy intake was normalised by ideal body weight, and macronutrient intake was energy-adjusted. The median normalised daily energy intake was 105 (interquartile range 88-124) kJ, and directly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as determined by univariate analysis. Across the decreasing quartiles of eGFR, a significant trend of decreasing normalised energy intake was observed (P = 0.01). A multivariable regression model including lifestyle factors and co-morbidities was used for predicting total energy intake. In this model, regular physical activity (standardised beta = 0.160; P = 0.008), smoking (standardised beta = -0.081; P = 0.008), hypertension (standardised beta = -0.097; P = 0.002), hyperlipidaemia (standardised beta = -0.064; P = 0.037) and eGFR (per SD increase, standardised beta = 0.064; P = 0.04) were found to be independent predictors of energy intake. Individuals with manifest CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73m(2)) were more likely to have lower energy intake than those without. In conclusion, there was a direct and independent correlation between renal function and energy intake in a population-based cohort of elderly men. We speculate on a possible link between renal dysfunction and malnutrition in the elderly.
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| 29. |
- Mason, R Preston, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of arterial and renal nitric oxide bioavailability in hypertensive rats with diabetes : effect of beta-blockers
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hypertension. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0895-7061 .- 1941-7225. ; 22:11, s. 1160-1166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to hypertension and mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Agents that improve EC function may provide vascular protection, especially in patients with multiple risk factors. In this study, we examined the effects of beta(1)-selective antagonists, nebivolol and metoprolol, on vascular and renal EC function in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats with diabetes. METHODS: Male SH rats were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 2 diabetes, followed by treatment with nebivolol or metoprolol at 2 mg/kg/day (vs. vehicle). After 4 weeks, aortic and glomerular ECs were isolated, stimulated with calcium ionophore (CaI), and assayed for nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) release using amperometric approaches. RESULTS: Glucose and mean blood pressure (BP) levels were significantly elevated in diabetic SH rats. In aortic ECs isolated from diabetic SH rats, NO production decreased by 20% whereas ONOO(-) increased by 16%, an effect linked to NAD(P)H oxidase and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling. Nebivolol treatment reduced glucose and BP levels and restored aortic EC function in diabetic SH rats, as indicated by a 30% increase and 23% decrease in NO and ONOO(-) levels, respectively. The NO/ONOO(-) ratio increased by more than twofold with nebivolol treatment in aortic and glomerular ECs. Despite similar reductions in glucose and mean BP levels, metoprolol had a smaller effect on the NO/ONOO(-) ratio in glomerular ECs but no effect in aortic ECs. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular and renal NO was significantly reduced in diabetic hypertensive rats and correlated with metabolic changes. Nebivolol reversed these effects in a manner consistent with enhanced endothelial function.
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| 30. |
- Xia, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a two-stage intervention package on the cesarean section rate in Guangzhou, China: A before-and-after study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676. ; 16:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cesarean section (CS) rate has risen globally during the last two decades. Effective and feasible strategies are needed to reduce it. The aim of this study was to assess the CS rate change after a two-stage intervention package that was designed to reduce the overall CS rate in Guangzhou, China.This intervention package was implemented by the Health Commission of Guangzhou Municipality in 2 stages (October 2010-September 2014 and October 2014-December 2016) and included programs for population health education, skills training for healthcare professionals, equipment and technical support for local healthcare facilities, and capacity building for the maternal near-miss care system. A retrospective repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate influences of the intervention on CS rates. A pre-intervention period from January 2008 to September 2010 served as the baseline. The primary outcome was the CS rate, and the secondary outcomes included maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and perinatal mortality rate (PMR), all obtained from the Guangzhou Perinatal Health Care and Delivery Surveillance System (GPHCDSS). The Cochran-Armitage test was used to examine the trends of the overall CS rate, MMR, and PMR across different stages. Segmented linear regression analysis was used to assess the change of the CS rate over the intervention period. A total of 1,921,932 records of births and 108 monthly CS rates from 2008 to 2016 were analyzed. The monthly CS rate declined across the intervention stages (Z = 75.067, p < 0.001), with an average rate of 42.4% at baseline, 39.8% at Stage 1, and 35.0% at Stage 2. The CS rate declined substantially among nulliparous women who delivered term singletons, with an accelerating decreasing trend observed across Stage 1 and Stage 2 (the difference in slopes: -0.09 [95% CI -0.16 to -0.02] between Stage 1 and baseline, p = 0.014; -0.11 [95% CI -0.20 to -0.02] between Stage 1 and Stage 2, p = 0.017). The CS rate in the remaining population increased during baseline and Stage 1 and subsequently decreased during Stage 2. The sensitivity analysis suggested no immediate impact of the universal two-child policy on the trend of the CS rate. The MMR (Z = -4.368, p < 0.001) and PMR (Z = -13.142, p < 0.001) declined by stage over the intervention period. One of the main limitations of the study is the lack of a parallel control group. Moreover, the influence of temporal changes in the study population on the CS rate was unknown. Given the observational nature of the present study, causality cannot be confirmed.Apparent decline in the overall CS rate was observed in Guangzhou, China, after the implementation of a two-stage intervention package. The decline was most evident among nulliparous women who delivered term singletons. Despite some limitations for causal inference, Guangzhou's experience in controlling the CS rate by implementing composite interventions with public health education and perinatal healthcare service improvement could have implications for other similar areas with high rates of CS.
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| 31. |
- Xiong, Zibo, et al.
(författare)
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Nonesterified fatty acids and cardiovascular mortality in elderly men with CKD
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Society of Nephrology. Clinical Journal. - 1555-9041 .- 1555-905X. ; 10:4, s. 584-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives Although nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are essential as energy substrate for the myocardium, an excess of circulating NEFAs can be harmful. This study aimed to assess plausible relationships between serum NEFA and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with CKD. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This was a prospective cohort study from the third examination cycle of the Uppsala LongitudinaL Study of Adult Men, a population-based survey of 1221 elderly men aged 70-71 years residing in Uppsala, Sweden. Data collection took place during 1991-1995. All participants had measures of kidney function; this study investigated 623 (51.7%) of these patients with manifest CKD (defined as either eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) or urine albumin excretion rate >= 20 mu g/min). Follow-up for mortality was done from examination date until death or December 31, 2007. After a median follow-up of 14 years (nterquartile range, 8-16.8), associations of NEFAs with mortality (related to all causes, CVD, ischemic heart disease [IHD], or acute myocardial infarction) were ascertained. Results The median serum NEFA was 14.1 mg/dl (interquartile range, 11.3-17.8). No association was found with measures of kidney function. Diabetes and serum triglycerides were the only multivariate correlates of NEFA. During follow-up, 453 participants died, of which 209 deaths were due to CVD, including 88 IHD deaths, with 41 attributed to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In fully adjusted covariates, serum NEFA was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] per log(2) increase, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00 to 1.48) and CVD-related death (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.99), including both IHD (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.32) and AMI mortality (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.98). Conclusions Elevated serum NEFA associated with CVD mortality, and particularly with mortality due to AMI, in a homogeneous population of older men with moderate CKD.
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| 32. |
- Xu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Albuminuria, renal dysfunction and circadian blood pressure rhythm in older men : a population-based longitudinal cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Kidney Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2048-8505 .- 2048-8513. ; 8:5, s. 560-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Both albuminuria and kidney dysfunction may affect circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm, while exacerbating each other's effects. We investigated associations and interactions of these two risk factors with circadian BP rhythm variation and non-dipper pattern progression in community-dwelling older men.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in the third and fourth cycles of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, including 1051 men (age 71 years) with assessments on urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and cystatin-C-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Of these, 574 men attended re-examination after 6 years. Study outcomes were ABMP changes and non-dipping BP pattern (prevalence and progression).RESULTS: UAER associated with circadian BP rhythm both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Longitudinally, significant interactions were observed between UAER and kidney dysfunction (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) in its association with the changes of both night-time systolic BP (SBP) and night-day SBP ratio. After stratification, UAER strongly predicted night-day SBP ratio change only in those with concurrent kidney dysfunction. At re-examination, 221 new cases of non-dipper were identified. In multivariable logistic models, high UAER associated with increased likelihood of non-dipper progression, but more strongly so among individuals with concurrent kidney dysfunction. These associations were evident also in the subpopulation of non-diabetics and in participants with normal range UAER.CONCLUSIONS: UAER associates with circadian BP rhythm variation and non-dipper progression in elderly men. Concurrent renal dysfunction modifies and exacerbates these associations.
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| 33. |
- Xu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical correlates of insulin sensitivity and its association with mortality among men with CKD stages 3 and 4
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Society of Nephrology. Clinical Journal. - : American Society of Nephrology. - 1555-9041 .- 1555-905X. ; 9:4, s. 690-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance participates in the pathogenesis of multiple metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. CKD patients have impaired insulin sensitivity, but the clinical correlates and outcome associations of impaired insulin sensitivity in this vulnerable population are not well defined.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: The prospective cohort study was from the third examination cycle of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, a population-based survey of elderly men ages 70-71 years; insulin sensitivity was assessed by glucose disposal rate as measured with euglycemic clamps. Inclusion criterion was eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (n=543). Exclusion criteria were incomplete data on euglycemic clamp and diabetes (n=97), leaving 446 men with CKD stages 3 and 4 (eGFR median=51.9 ml/min per 1.73 m(2); range=20.2-59.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)).RESULTS: The mean of glucose disposal rate was 5.4 ± 1.9 mg/kg per minute. In multivariable analysis, the independent clinical correlates of glucose disposal rate were eGFR (slope, 0.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.04), hypertension (-0.48; 95% confidence interval, -0.86 to -0.11), hyperlipidemia (-0.51; 95% confidence interval, -0.84 to -0.18), and body mass index (-0.32; 95% confidence interval, -0.37 to -0.27). During follow-up (median=10.0 years; interquartile range=8.7-11.0 years), 149 participants died. In Cox regression models, glucose disposal rate was not associated with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Multiplicative interactions (P<0.05) were observed between glucose disposal rate and physical activity or smoking in total mortality association. After subsequent stratification, glucose disposal rate was an independent correlate of all-cause mortality in smokers (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.96 per 1 mg/kg per minute glucose disposal rate increase) and physically inactive individuals (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.97) but not their counterparts.CONCLUSION: eGFR, together with various components of the metabolic syndrome, contributed to explain the variance of insulin sensitivity in men with CKD stages 3 and 4. Insulin sensitivity was associated with a lower mortality risk in individuals who smoked and individuals who were physically inactive.
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| 34. |
- Xu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary acid load, insulin sensitivity and risk of type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling older men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 57:8, s. 1561-1568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis We tested the hypothesis that dietary acid load may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, and studied the association between acid load and insulin sensitivity as a possible mechanism involved. Methods An observational survey with prospective follow-up including 911 non-diabetic Swedish men aged 70-71 years was carried out. The gold standard euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique and the OGTT were used to determine insulin sensitivity and beta cell function, respectively. Diabetes incidence was assessed during 18 years of follow-up. Renal function was estimated from serum cystatin C concentrations. Dietary acid load was calculated as potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) algorithms from 7 day food records. Adequate dietary reporters were identified by Goldberg cut-offs. Results PRAL and NEAP were not associated with insulin sensitivity or beta cell function. Underlying kidney function or consideration of dietary adequate reporters did not modify these null findings. During follow-up, 115 new cases of diabetes were validated. Neither PRAL nor NEAP was associated with diabetes incidence. Conclusios/interpretation Our results do not support the hypothesis that dietary acid load influences insulin sensitivity, beta cell function or diabetes risk. Interventional studies modifying acid-base dietary intake are needed to further elucidate a possible role of acid load in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 35. |
- Xu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fiber, kidney function, inflammation, and mortality risk
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Society of Nephrology. Clinical Journal. - : American Society of Nephrology. - 1555-9041 .- 1555-905X. ; 9:12, s. 2104-2110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the United States population, high dietary fiber intake has been associated with a lower risk of inflammation and mortality in individuals with kidney dysfunction. This study aimed to expand such findings to a Northern European population.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Dietary fiber intake was calculated from 7-day dietary records in 1110 participants aged 70-71 years from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (examinations performed during 1991-1995). Dietary fiber was adjusted for total energy intake by the residual method. Renal function was estimated from the concentration of serum cystatin C, and deaths were registered prospectively during a median follow-up of 10.0 years.RESULTS: Dietary fiber independently and directly associated with eGFR (adjusted difference, 2.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per 10 g/d higher; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.3 to 4.9). The odds of C-reactive protein >3 mg/L were lower (linear trend, P=0.002) with higher fiber quartiles. During follow-up, 300 participants died (incidence rate of 2.87 per 100 person-years at risk). Multiplicative interactions were observed between dietary fiber intake and kidney dysfunction in the prediction of mortality. Higher dietary fiber was associated with lower mortality in unadjusted analysis. These associations were stronger in participants with kidney dysfunction (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.98) than in those without (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.76 to 2.22; P value for interaction, P=0.04), and were mainly explained by a lower incidence of cancer-related deaths (0.25; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.65) in individuals with kidney dysfunction versus individuals with an eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (1.61; 95% CI, 0.69 to 3.74; P value for interaction, P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: High dietary fiber was associated with better kidney function and lower inflammation in community-dwelling elderly men from Sweden. High dietary fiber was also associated with lower (cancer) mortality risk, especially in individuals with kidney dysfunction.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Xu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary albumin excretion, blood pressure changes and hypertension incidence in the community : effect modification by kidney function
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 29:8, s. 1538-1545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both increased albuminuria and reduced kidney function may predict blood pressure (BP) progression in the community, while they exacerbate each other's effects. We investigated associations and interactions between these two risk factors, BP changes and hypertension incidence in community-dwelling elderly men. Observational study from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, which included 1051 men (all aged 71 years) with assessments on urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and cystatin-C estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Of these, 574 men attended re-examination after 6 years, and ABPM measurements were again recorded to assess blood pressure changes and hypertension incidence. UAER was found to be associated with ABPM measurements both at baseline and longitudinally. In longitudinal analysis, there were significant interactions between UAER and kidney function in its association with the changes of systolic BP, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure. After stratification for renal function state, UAER independently predicted BP changes only in those who had eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). At re-examination, 71 new cases of hypertension were recorded. In multivariable logistic models, similar interactions were observed on hypertension incidence: UAER was an independent predictor of incident hypertension only in those with reduced renal function. These associations were evident also in the subpopulation of non-diabetics and in participants with normal range UAER (< 20 A mu g/min). In community-dwelling elderly men, UAER associates with BP progression and hypertension incidence, even within the normal range. Concurrent reduction of renal function modifies and exacerbates these associations.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Xu, Xiaofeng, et al.
(författare)
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An Improved Rotor Position Estimation Method for SPMSM with Misaligned Hall-Effect Sensor
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2332-7782. ; 10:1, s. 735-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an improved rotor positionestimation method for surface permanent magnet synchronousmotor (SPMSM) using a low-resolution Hall-Effect sensor. Firstly,an observation function is proposed to detect the speed variation,and a novel correction method based on optimization processis proposed to identify and correct the deviation angle causedby sensor misalignment. Then, an improved position observer isintroduced using a gain-scheduling controller to achieve betterperformance in both steady state and transient state. Theproposed method enhances the anti-perturbation and start-upcapability for SPMSM and compensate the misalignment effectof Hall-Effect sensors. Experimental results are demonstrated toverify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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| 41. |
- Zheng, Yuesheng, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of charge transport in polypropylene-based nano-composites
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6463 .- 0022-3727. ; 54:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polypropylene (PP)-based polymers are environmentally friendly and degradable materials that make them attractive alternatives to polyethylene for the electrical insulation systems of power cables in the future. To enhance the insulation performance of PP and to impede leakage currents through the material, different admixtures are utilized. In this paper, the effect of nano-fillers on charge transport characteristics in PP composites under DC electric fields is investigated by using a bipolar charge transport model accounting for mobile and trapped electrons and holes as well as ionic species. The model was validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The dynamic distributions of space charge densities and electric field in PP with and without nano-fillers are analyzed and compared. The numerical results confirmed that 0.5 phr ZnO nano-fillers can significantly improve the electric field distribution in PP nanocomposites and suppress the bulk current by reducing the charge generation rate and mobilities of charge carriers, thus resulting in a decrease in the volume conductivity. The obtained results provide a theoretical background for tailoring PP-based composites for specific applications by controlling nano-fillers.
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| 42. |
- Zhou, Huiying, et al.
(författare)
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An attention-based deep learning approach for inertial motion recognition and estimation in human-robot collaboration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 67, s. 97-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In line with a human-centric smart manufacturing vision, human-robot collaboration is striving to combine robots' high efficiency and quality with humans' rapid adaptability and high flexibility. In particular, perception, recognition and estimation of human motion determine when and what robot to collaborate with humans. This work presents an attention-based deep learning approach for inertial motion recognition and estimation in order to infer when robotic assistance will be requested by the human and to allow the robot to perform partial human tasks. First, in the stage of motion perception and recognition, quaternion-based calibration and forward kinematic analysis methods enable the reconstruction of human motion based on data streaming from an inertial motion capture device. Then, in the stage of motion estimation, residual module and Bidirectional Long ShortTerm Memory module are integrated with proposed attention mechanism for estimating arm motion trajectories further. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving better recognition and estimation in comparison with traditional approaches and existing deep learning approaches. It is experimentally verified in a laboratory environment involving a collaborative robot employed in a small part assembly task.
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