| 1. |
- Hagleitner, M M, et al.
(author)
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Clinical spectrum of immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial dysmorphism (ICF syndrome).
- 2008
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In: Journal of medical genetics. - : BMJ. - 1468-6244. ; 45:2, s. 93-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial dysmorphism (ICF syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by facial dysmorphism, immunoglobulin deficiency and branching of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 after PHA stimulation of lymphocytes. Hypomethylation of DNA of a small fraction of the genome is an unusual feature of ICF patients which is explained by mutations in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B in some, but not all, ICF patients. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a comprehensive description of the clinical features of this syndrome as well as genotype-phenotype correlations in ICF patients. METHODS: Data on ICF patients were obtained by literature search and additional information by means of questionnaires to corresponding authors. Results and CONCLUSIONS: 45 patients all with proven centromeric instability were included in this study. Facial dysmorphism was found to be a common characteristic (n = 41/42), especially epicanthic folds, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge and low set ears. Hypo- or agammaglobulinaemia was demonstrated in nearly all patients (n = 39/44). Opportunistic infections were seen in several patients, pointing to a T cell dysfunction. Haematological malignancy was documented in two patients. Life expectancy of ICF patients is poor, especially those with severe infections in infancy or chronic gastrointestinal problems and failure to thrive. Early diagnosis of ICF is important since early introduction of immunoglobulin supplementation can improve the course of the disease. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation should be considered as a therapeutic option in patients with severe infections or failure to thrive. Only 19 of 34 patients showed mutations in DNMT3B, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. No genotype-phenotype correlation was found between patients with and without DNMT3B mutations.
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| 2. |
- Hawton, K, et al.
(author)
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Relation between attempted suicide and suicide rates among young people in Europe.
- 1998
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In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 52:3, s. 191-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the young covary. The recent increase in attempted suicide rates in young male subjects in several European countries could herald a further increase in suicide rates.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eliassen, A Heather, et al.
(author)
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Circulating carotenoids and risk of breast cancer: pooled analysis of eight prospective studies.
- 2012
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 104:24, s. 1905-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Carotenoids, micronutrients in fruits and vegetables, may reduce breast cancer risk. Most, but not all, past studies of circulating carotenoids and breast cancer have found an inverse association with at least one carotenoid, although the specific carotenoid has varied across studies. Methods We conducted a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies comprising more than 80% of the world's published prospective data on plasma or serum carotenoids and breast cancer, including 3055 case subjects and 3956 matched control subjects. To account for laboratory differences and examine population differences across studies, we recalibrated participant carotenoid levels to a common standard by reassaying 20 plasma or serum samples from each cohort together at the same laboratory. Using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for several breast cancer risk factors, we calculated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using quintiles defined among the control subjects from all studies. All P values are two-sided. Results Statistically significant inverse associations with breast cancer were observed for α-carotene (top vs bottom quintile RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.71 to 1.05, Ptrend = .04), β-carotene (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.98, Ptrend = .02), lutein+zeaxanthin (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.70 to 1.01, Ptrend = .05), lycopene (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.99, Ptrend = .02), and total carotenoids (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68 to 0.96, Ptrend = .01). β-Cryptoxanthin was not statistically significantly associated with risk. Tests for heterogeneity across studies were not statistically significant. For several carotenoids, associations appeared stronger for estrogen receptor negative (ER(-)) than for ER(+) tumors (eg, β-carotene: ER(-): top vs bottom quintile RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.77, Ptrend = .001; ER(+): RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.04, Ptrend = .06; Pheterogeneity = .01). Conclusions This comprehensive prospective analysis suggests women with higher circulating levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin, lycopene, and total carotenoids may be at reduced risk of breast cancer.
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| 5. |
- Hultén, A, et al.
(author)
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Recommended care for young people (15-19 years) after suicide attempts in certain European countries.
- 2000
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In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 9:2, s. 100-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data on recommended care for young people aged 15-19 years after attempted suicide from nine European research centres during the period 1989-1992 were analysed in terms of gender, history of previous suicide attempt and methods used. Altogether 438 suicide attempts made by 353 boys and 1,102 suicide attempts made by 941 girls were included. Analyses of the total data from all centres showed that young people with a history of previous suicide attempt and those using violent methods had significantly higher chance of being recommended aftercare than first-time attempters or those choosing self-poisoning. There were no significant differences of being recommended care between genders. Logistic regression analyses of the material were performed and the results were similar. Both having previous attempted suicide (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.53-2.61) and using "hard" methods (odds ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.49-1.96) were significantly associated with increased possibility of being recommended aftercare. When individual centres were analysed, large disparities of recommended care after suicide attempts were found and there were no uniform criteria of recommending care for young suicide attempters in Europe.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björkman, G., et al.
(author)
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Att genomföra och avrapportera projektarbetsuppgifter på delkurs PK:1
- 1977
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta är en rapport om hur man bedriver och avrapporterar projektarbete på kurs PK:1 i informationsbehandling. Rapporten beskriver de olika momenten i projektarbetet och innehåller dessutom regler och anvisningar för detta arbete. Rapporten försöker även förmedla tips och erfarenheter från tidigare terminer beträffande kurs PK:1
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| 8. |
- A Hulten, Maj, et al.
(author)
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On the origin of the maternal age effect in trisomy 21 Down syndrome: the Oocyte Mosaicism Selection model
- 2010
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In: Reproduction. - 1470-1626 .- 1476-3990. ; 139:1, s. 1-9
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have recently documented that trisomy 21 mosaicism is common in human foetal ovaries. On the basis of this observation we propose that the maternal age effect in Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the differential behaviour of trisomy 21 in relation to disomy 21 oocytes during development from foetal life until ovulation in adulthood. in particular, we suggest that trisomy 21 oocytes, lagging behind those that are disomic, may escape the timed pruning of the seven million in foetal life to the 300-400 finally selected for ovulation. The net effect of this preferential elimination will be an accumulation of trisomy 21 oocytes in the ovarian reserve of older women. We here highlight the implications of this Oocyte Mosaicism Selection (OMS) model with respect to the prevalent view that the maternal age effect is complex, dependent on many different biological and environmental factors. We examine conclusions drawn from recent large-scale studies in families, tracing DNA markers along the length of chromosome 21q between parents and DS children, in comparison to the OMS model. We conclude that these family linkage data are equally compatible with the maternal age effect originating from the accumulation of trisomy 21 oocytes with advancing maternal age. One relatively straightforward way to get to grips with what is actually going on in this regard would be to compare incidence of trisomy 21 oocytes (and their pairing configurations) in foetal ovaries with that in oocytes at the meiosis I stage from adult women.
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| 9. |
- Ahlberg-Hultén, Gunnel, 1952-
(author)
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Psychological Demands and Decision Latitude Within Health Care Work : Relation to Health and Significance
- 1999
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis is to provide a scientific evaluation of the psychosocial work environment for health care personnel. The theoretical basis is the demand-control model developed by Karasek and Theorell. The model consists of the dimensions psychological demands and decision latitude, the latter is a combination of intellectual discretion and authority over decision.The results in study I indicated that there are strong relationships between job strain, high psychological demands and low decision latitude, and blood pressure during work among health care personnel. In study II, symptoms from the low back were associated with all three dimensions psychological demands, skill discretion and decision authority while symptoms from the neck were related to lack of work support. The results in study III indicated that the combination of somatic and psychiatric care could be associated with higher levels of job strain and psychological symptoms.Study IV showed that substantial changes in working conditions had been frequent in the public sector during the period 1988-1996 and that registered nurses and nurse assistants had very different developments. Registered nurses had got a more intense work environment with increased skill utilization but also increased hindrances to perform work. Nurse assistants on the other hand had experienced decreased skill utilization. Temporary employment and part time work, common among health care personnel with low education, were the factors that explained the greatest part of deterioration of skill utilization and possibility to take part in planning of work. These different trends may negatively influence social climate as these two occupational groups often work together.Study V is a qualitative validation of the demand-control model. The findings showed that the model is equally relevant for women as for men and also relevant for health care personnel. Compared to occupational groups working with either "things" or "symbols" health care personnel experienced higher levels of psychological demands and lower levels of decision latitude.It is concluded that the demand-control scale is relevant for use in studies of psychosocial work environment in health care, possibly supplemented with the effort-reward scale. In order to reach a more solid understanding of the psychosocial work environment, questionnaire data should be combined with qualitatively analyzed interviews. The indications of a deteriorated psychosocial work environment for health care personnel in this and other studies calls for radical changes that promote less psychological demands and more decision latitude within this occupational sector.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brannstrom, J, et al.
(author)
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Helicobacter pylori stimulates DNA synthesis in a small intestinal cell line in vitro
- 1998
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In: Digestion. - : S. Karger AG. - 0012-2823 .- 1421-9867. ; 59:1, s. 33-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b>Background:</b> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, which causes gastritis and peptic ulcer, seems to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma. Thus our aim was to examine whether <i>H. pylori</i> influences DNA synthesis in epithelial cells in vitro. <b>Methods:</b> Sonicated and water extracts of <i>H. pylori</i> (cytotoxic strains NCTC 11637, 88-23 and A5, and a noncytotoxic isogenic mutant of A5, A5 vac A) were diluted to a final concentration of 1/1,000, 1/100, 1/50 and 1/10. Water extracts of <i>Escherichia coli</i> were used as reference. IEC-6 cells were incubated during 24 h with fragments of <i>H. pylori</i> or extracts of the concentrations described above. The cells were labeled with <sup>3</sup>H-methylthymidine for 4 h and processed for autoradiography. DNA synthesis was evaluated by the labeling index (LI). <b>Results:</b> The LI% of controls was 15.6 ± 5.1%. All the water extracts and sonicated strains of <i>H. pylori</i> increased the LI% in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). The highest concentrations of the sonicated strains tended to reduce the LI%, although these values were still higher than those of the control group. The water extracts of <i>E. coli</i> increased the LI% in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>H. pylori</i> stimulates DNA synthesis in epithelial cells in vitro, but no association was found with the presence of cytotoxin production. Our results suggest that hitherto unknown components of <i>H. pylori</i> may contribute to the increase in cell proliferation observed in gastritis and to the development of MALT lymphoma and gastric cancer.
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| 18. |
- Drevinge, Christina, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Perilipin 5 is protective in the ischemic heart
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 219, s. 446-454
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Myocardial ischemia is associated with alterations in cardiac metabolism, resulting in decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation. Here we investigate how myocardial lipid content and dynamics affect the function of the ischemic heart, and focus on the role of the lipid droplet protein perilipin 5 (Plin5) in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. Methods and results: We generated Plin5(-/-) mice and found that Plin5 deficiency dramatically reduced the triglyceride content in the heart. Under normal conditions, Plin5(-/-) mice maintained a close to normal heart function by decreasing fatty acid uptake and increasing glucose uptake, thus preserving the energy balance. However, during stress or myocardial ischemia, Plin5 deficiency resulted in myocardial reduced substrate availability, severely reduced heart function and increased mortality. Importantly, analysis of a human cohort with suspected coronary artery disease showed that a common noncoding polymorphism, rs884164, decreases the cardiac expression of PLIN5 and is associated with reduced heart function following myocardial ischemia, indicating a role for Plin5 in cardiac dysfunction. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Plin5 deficiency alters cardiac lipid metabolism and associates with reduced survival following myocardial ischemia, suggesting that Plin5 plays a beneficial role in the heart following ischemia. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Fardim, P, et al.
(author)
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Critical comparison of methods for surface coverage by extractives and lignin in pulps by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
- 2006
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In: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 60, s. 149-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different methods for estimation of the surface coverage by extractives and lignin were critically compared. For data collection, four state-of-the-art X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) instruments located in four different laboratories were used. Hand sheets of one mechanical and two chemical pulp samples were prepared in one laboratory and distributed among the other participants. The XPS results based on O/C ratios and curve fitting of the C 1s peak had very good intra- and interlaboratory variation for extracted and non-extracted pulp samples. The estimations of surface coverage by extractives and lignin also had acceptable intra- and interlaboratory variation. However, significant differences were observed between the results for the various methods. Estimation of surface coverage by extractives based on O/C ratios was much higher than that based on the C1 component analysis in the case of mechanical and unbleached chemical pulp. The surface coverage by lignin of mechanical pulp was reproducibly detected based on O/C ratios, C1 component analysis and by labelling with mercury acetate. The same data were, however, rather scattered if they were collected with these three methods for bleached and unbleached chemical pulp. In spite of the differences, similar trends regarding the pulp type could be observed. We interpret the results as indicating that the surface coverage for both extractives and lignin should not be considered as absolute “true” values, but rather as relative values, which are reliable only for comparison of samples for the same instrument. Even for relative comparisons, we recommend the selection of a strict experimental set-up for spectral acquisition and data treatment when applying any of the instruments and calculation models currently available.
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| 23. |
- Goffeng, A R, et al.
(author)
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Does simple hysterectomy alter bowel function?
- 1997
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In: Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae. - 0355-9521. ; 86:4, s. 298-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hysterectomy is believed to be associated with disturbed defecation, mainly constipation. This study longitudinally describes bowel function in women submitted for hysterectomy.Rectoanal manovolumetry, whole gut transit time and detailed interviews on bowel function and dyspareunia were performed preoperatively and at 3 and 11-18 months after hysterectomy in 42 women. Twenty healthy women matched for age and parity served as manovolumetry controls.No significant changes in anal sphincter pressures could be demonstrated, neither early nor late after hysterectomy. Transit time was unaffected. All but one of the patients claimed that they had been suffering from one or more of the following symptoms; abdominal pain, distension, constipation and dysparenuia. While postoperative interviews revealed a significant improvement with respect to abdominal pain and dyspareunia (P < 0.01) after 3 and 11-18 months, improvement of abdominal distension and constipation proved to be transient only.Simple abdominal hysterectomy appears not to interfere adversely with bowel function. On the contrary many patients were relieved from abdominal pain present before operation.
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| 24. |
- Goffeng, A R, et al.
(author)
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Objective methods cannot predict anal incontinence after primary repair of extensive anal tears.
- 1998
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In: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349. ; 77:4, s. 439-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increased awareness of anal incontinence after delivery tears has developed during the last years. The aim of this study was to compare complaints with the results of physiological methods in women with complete sphincter ruptures primarily repaired at delivery.Twenty-seven women, 16 with total rupture of the external anal sphincter and 11 who also had a ruptured internal anal sphincter were studied. Interviews on pelvic floor function, investigation with recto-anal manometry, single fiber EMG and anal endosonography were performed at 11.9 (2.5) months after delivery. Fifteen women vaginally delivered without sphincter rupture served as controls.Pelvic floor dysfunction was admitted in 74%, in particular gas incontinence (59%). Maximum squeeze pressure was significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to controls, while resting anal pressure was unaffected. Fiber density was increased in 81% of patients and 91% had detectable defects on endosonography. Neither the degree of rupture nor the presence of complaints significantly correlated to the objective methods.A majority of women with primarily repaired anal sphincter ruptures at delivery were incontinent. Sphincter defects and signs of neuropathy could not precisely predict symptoms.
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| 25. |
- Gritli Linde, Amel, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Effects of suramin on polyamine metabolism in B16 murine melanoma cells
- 1998
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In: Anticancer Res. - 0250-7005. ; 18:2A, s. 855-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes, such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), are crucial for normal and neoplastic cell growth and differentiation. Suramin inhibits the growth of several tumor cells by affecting various intracellular targets, but its effects on polyamines are not known. In this study, the effects of suramin on some parameters of polyamine metabolism in B16 melanoma cells were investigated in vitro. Suramin increased cellular ODC activity and ODC mRNA levels, whereas the drug was directly inhibitory to the enzyme. AdoMetDC was not affected. Cellular putrescine levels were enhanced by suramin, whereas spermidine and spermine pools were unaltered. Cells cultured in the presence of suramin showed decreased cellular polyamine transport, but no direct inhibitory effect on the polyamine transporter could be found. Fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated a direct interaction between suramin and spermine. It may be concluded that suramin affects polyamine metabolism, and that its effects in some respects are opposite to those of alpha-difluoromethylomithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of ODC.
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| 26. |
- Hallmans, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Rye, lignans and human health
- 2003
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In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. - 0029-6651 .- 1475-2719. ; 62:1, s. 193-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rye bran contains a high content not only of dietary fibre, but also of plant lignans and other bioactive compounds in the so-called dietary fibre complex. Blood concentrations of lignans such as enterolactone have been used as biomarkers of intake of lignan-rich plant food. At present,evidence from studies in human subjects does not warrant the conclusion that rye, whole grains orphyto-oestrogens protect against cancer. Some studies, however, have pointed in that direction,especially in relation to cancers of the upper digestive tract. A number of prospective epidemiological studies have clearly shown a protective effect of wholegrain cereals against myocardial infarctions. A corresponding protective effect against diabetes and ischaemic stroke(brain infarct) has also been demonstrated. It seems reasonable to assume that these protective effects are associated with one or more factors in the dietary fibre complex.
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| 27. |
- Hartford, Marianne, 1944, et al.
(author)
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CRP, interleukin-6, secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during the early phase of acute coronary syndromes and long-term follow-up
- 2006
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In: Int J Cardiol. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. ; 108:1, s. 55-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine the time course of the inflammatory response in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to assess the markers of inflammation and their relation to disease severity. METHODS: We prospectively studied 134 patients with ACS who survived for at least 30 months. The patients were divided into four groups: acute myocardial infarction (MI) with (n=54) or without (n=46) ST-segment elevation and unstable angina with (n=14) or without (n=20) increased risk. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured on days 1 and 4 and after 3 and 30 months. RESULTS: The highest levels of CRP and sPLA(2)-IIA were seen on day 4 but for IL-6 on day 1. These three markers, but not ICAM-1, were significantly related to disease severity, CKMB, and ejection fraction. Patients in Killip class II-IV had higher levels than those in Killip class I. The individual acute-phase responses correlated with marker levels at 3 and 30 months. ICAM-1 correlated with the development of congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: In ACS there seems to be an individual predisposition to inflammatory response. Plasma IL-6 is the first marker to rise, while sPLA(2)-IIA and CRP peak later. All three markers, especially CRP, may discriminate between MI and non-MI. ICAM-1 seems to reflect other aspects of the inflammatory processes than the other markers. The results emphasize the complexity of the inflammatory response in ACS and stress the need for further studies involving multiple markers.
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| 28. |
- Heijnesson Hultén, A, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of different XPS methods for fiber surface analysis
- 2006
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In: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 60:1, s. 14-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three different XPS methods based on the O/C atomic ratio, C1 carbon content, and Hg amount are compared in this study to quantify the surface coverage of various pulp fiber surfaces by lignin and extractives. The sensitivity of the methods to drying technique and the stability of organically bound mercury when subjected to X-ray irradiation were also investigated. Results reveal that the surfaces of all pulp fibers have a higher content of lignin and extractives than the bulk of the fibers. Similar lignin surface coverage was obtained for thermomechanical pulp fibers using the Hg, O/C, and C1 carbon methods, while the Hg method gave lower values for kraft pulp fibers than the O/C and C1 carbon methods. The O/C and C1 carbon methods are sensitive to the drying technique, i.e., air-dried samples showed a higher amount of lignin on the fiber surface than freeze-dried samples, while no or only minor differences in results were obtained using the Hg method. The Hg method was more reproducible than the other methods. Special care must be exercised during XPS analysis to minimize mercury degradation.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 32. |
- Hiukka, A, et al.
(author)
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ApoCIII-Enriched LDL in Type 2 Diabetes Displays Altered Lipid Composition, Increased Susceptibility for Sphingomyelinase and Increased binding to Biglycan.
- 2009
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 58:9, s. 2018-2026
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective- Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here, we investigated potential proatherogenic properties of apoCIII-containing LDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods - LDL was isolated from controls and subjects with type 2 diabetes, and from apoB transgenic mice. LDL-biglycan binding was analyzed with a solid-phase assay using immunoplates coated with biglycan. Lipid composition was analyzed with mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis of LDL by sphingomyelinase was analyzed after labeling plasma LDL with [(3)H]sphingomyelin. ApoCIII isoforms were quantified after isoelectric focusing. Human aortic endothelial cells were incubated with desialylated apoCIII or with LDL enriched with specific apoCIII isoforms. Results- We showed that enriching LDL with apoCIII only induced a small increase in LDL-proteoglycan binding, and this effect was dependent on a functional Site A in apoB100. Our findings indicated that intrinsic characteristics of the diabetic LDL other than apoCIII per se are responsible for further increased proteoglycan binding of diabetic LDL with high endogenous apoCIII, and we showed alterations in the lipid composition of diabetic LDL with high apoCIII. We also demonstrated that high apoCIII increased susceptibility of LDL to hydrolysis and aggregation by SMase. In addition, we demonstrated that sialylation of apoCIII increased with increasing apoCIII content, and that sialylation of apoCIII was essential for its proinflammatory properties. Conclusions- We have demonstrated a number of features of apoCIII-containing LDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes that could explain the proatherogenic role of apoCIII.
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| 33. |
- Hulten, A. H., et al.
(author)
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First evaluation of a multicomponent flue gas cleaning concept using chlorine dioxide gas - Experiments on chemistry and process performance
- 2017
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In: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361. ; 210, s. 885-891
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work has investigated a multi-pollutant flue gas cleaning concept based on oxidation using chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas with subsequent absorption. The chlorine dioxide gas converts the relatively insoluble nitric oxide (NO) to the more soluble nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This makes a downstream wet scrubbing process feasible for simultaneous removal of sulphur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). An experimental evaluation of the proposed process using chlorine dioxide gas has been performed on a laboratory scale. The experimental setup, designed and built by Akzo Nobel, consists of a reactor for oxidation, a flue gas condenser and a wet scrubber. The results show that ClO2 gas oxidises NO with high efficiencies under a wide range of process conditions, also in the presence of sulphur dioxide (SO2). The more ClO2 gas is added, the higher the degree of NO oxidation and the total nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal efficiency becomes. The results also show that the presence of water strongly increases the removal of SO2, which is believed to be an effect of liquid phase nitrogen-sulphur interactions. The absorption solution, sodium carbonate and sodium sulphite, is efficient in removing NOx (especially NO2) from the oxidised flue gas. The total NOx reduction at 0.6 ClO2:NO mole ratio and subsequent wet scrubbing is between 79% and 94%, depending on the process conditions used. The total SO2 reduction in the scrubber is between 97% and 100% independent of ClO2 gas addition. Furthermore, the total NOx balance shows that the major part of the NOx is converted to nitrate in the condensate liquor and as nitrite in the absorption solution. A higher ClO2 gas addition and a higher reactor temperature convert more of the NOx to nitrite in the absorption solution.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hultén, Lars A. R., 1964
(author)
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Container Logistics and its Management
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this work research on container logistics and its management is presented. Contrary to the common approach of treating this as a mathematical problem and addressing it by operations research methods, this work regards the problem in a wider perspective. Instead of being limited to management of the physical system bringing about the movement of containers, container logistics management is regarded as also including demand management. The research aims at describing the logistics of the system in terms of how the various components in a container transport system interact and how the system interacts with its environment. Due to the limited previous research on container logistics and its management in a wider perspective, this work is primarily explorative and descriptive. Empirical studies of container flows are presented. Both the flow for an individual carrier and the total flow between a port and its hinterland have been studied and the studies reveal a low utilization of the containers. Containers were found to be stored empty for long periods of time at terminals, retained for a considerable time by customers and there was much transport of empty containers. The studies also revealed poor quality of the data in the computerized tracking systems with missing and erroneous data entries. In a study of ten of the world's twenty largest container shipping companies it was found that the use of advanced decision support systems, taking advantage of operations research or artificial intelligence technology, was scarce. Only one company reported to use such a system, which assigned priorities to depots, in day-to-day operations. The main logistical functions of the container are to create opportunities to exploit economies of scale and enabling vessels and vehicles to operate independently by decoupling them at terminals. Therefore, when deciding on actions to improve the utilization of containers the effect on other system components must be considered. Pooling is suggested as a way of increasing the utilization of the containers without constraining the operation of other, capital intensive, resources. Container logistics systems are characterized by high complexity and uncertainty. Much of the information relevant for decision-making is informal and the managers' experience is difficult to formalize. Therefore successful systems for container logistics management must take advantage of both human and computerized information processing. It is suggested to engage theories from cybernetics and information theory as a theoretical framework for logistics systems analysis. Even if this is only done to a limited extent in this research, due to being considered at a late stage of the research, these theories show a strong explanatory ability.
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| 37. |
- Hultén, Maj A, et al.
(author)
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Germinal and Somatic Trisomy 21 Mosaicism: How Common is it, What are the Implications for Individual Carriers and How Does it Come About?
- 2010
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In: CURRENT GENOMICS. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. - 1389-2029 .- 1875-5488. ; 11:6, s. 409-419
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that varying degrees of mosaicism for Trisomy 21, primarily a combination of normal and Trisomy 21 cells within individual tissues, may exist in the human population. This involves both Trisomy 21 mosaicism occurring in the germ line and Trisomy 21 mosaicism documented in different somatic tissues, or indeed a combination of both in the same subjects. Information on the incidence of Trisomy 21 mosaicism in different tissue samples from people with clinical features of Down syndrome as well as in the general population is, however, still limited. One of the main reasons for this lack of detailed knowledge is the technological problem of its identification, where in particular low grade/cryptic Trisomy 21 mosaicism, i.e. occurring in less than 3-5% of the respective tissues, can only be ascertained by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods on large cell populations from the different tissue samples. In this review we summarize current knowledge in this field with special reference to the question on the likely incidence of germinal and somatic Trisomy 21 mosaicism in the general population and its mechanisms of origin. We also highlight the reproductive and clinical implications of this type of aneuploidy mosaicism for individual carriers. We conclude that the risk of begetting a child with Trisomy 21 Down syndrome most likely is related to the incidence of Trisomy 21 cells in the germ line of any carrier parent. The clinical implications for individual carriers may likewise be dependent on the incidence of Trisomy 21 in the relevant somatic tissues. Remarkably, for example, there are indications that Trisomy 21 mosaicism will predispose carriers to conditions such as childhood leukemia and Alzheimers Disease but there is on the other hand a possibility that the risk of solid cancers may be substantially reduced.
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| 38. |
- Hulten, Maj A., et al.
(author)
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On the paternal origin of trisomy 21 Down syndrome
- 2010
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In: Molecular Cytogenetics. - London, UK : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1755-8166. ; 3, s. 4-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Down syndrome (DS), characterized by an extra free chromosome 21 is the most common genetic cause for congenital malformations and learning disability. It is well known that the extra chromosome 21 originates from the mother in more than 90% of cases, the incidence increases with maternal age and there is a high recurrence in young women. In a previous report we have presented data to indicate that maternal trisomy 21 (T21) ovarian mosaicism might provide the major causative factor underlying these patterns of DS inheritance. One important outstanding question concerns the reason why the extra chromosome 21 in DS rarely originates from the father, i.e. in less than 10% of T21 DS cases. We here report data indicating that one reason for this parental sex difference is a very much lower degree of fetal testicular in comparison to ovarian T21 mosaicism. Results: We used fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with two chromosome 21-specific probes to determine the copy number of chromosome 21 in fetal testicular cell nuclei from four male fetuses, following termination of pregnancy for a non-medical/social reason at gestational age 14-19 weeks. The cells studied were selected on the basis of their morphology alone, pending immunological specification of the relevant cell types. We could not detect any indication of testicular T21 mosaicism in any of these four male fetuses, when analysing at least 2000 cells per case (range 2038-3971, total 11.842). This result is highly statistically significant (p < 0.001) in comparison to the average of 0.54% ovarian T21 mosaicism (range 0.20-0.88%) that we identified in eight female fetuses analysing a total of 12.634 cells, as documented in a previous report in this journal. Conclusion: Based on these observations we suggest that there is a significant sex difference in degrees of fetal germ line T21 mosaicism. Thus, it would appear that most female fetuses are T21 ovarian mosaics, while in sharp contrast most male fetuses may be either very low grade T21 testicular mosaics or they may be non-mosaics. We further propose that this sex difference in germ line T21 mosaicism may explain the much less frequent paternal origin of T21 DS than maternal. The mechanisms underlying the DS cases, where the extra chromosome 21 does originate from the father, remains unknown and further studies in this respect are required.
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| 39. |
- Hulten, M A., et al.
(author)
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Trisomy 21 Mosaicism: We May All Have a Touch of Down Syndrome
- 2013
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In: Cytogenetic and Genome Research. - : Karger. - 1424-8581 .- 1424-859X. ; 139:3, s. 189-192
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ever increasing sophistication in the application of new analytical technology has revealed that our genomes are much more fluid than was contemplated only a few years ago. More specifically, this concerns interindividual variation in copy number (CNV) of structural chromosome aberrations, i.e. microdeletions and microduplications. It is important to recognize that in this context, we still lack basic knowledge on the impact of the CNV in normal cells from individual tissues, including that of whole chromosomes (aneuploidy). Here, we highlight this challenge by the example of the very first chromosome aberration identified in the human genome, i.e. an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21, T21), which is causative of Down syndrome (DS). We consider it likely that most, if not all, of us are T21 mosaics, i.e. everyone carries some cells with an extra chromosome 21, in some tissues. In other words, we may all have a touch of DS. We further propose that the occurrence of such tissue-specific T21 mosaicism may have important ramifications for the understanding of the pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment of medical problems shared between people with DS and those in the general non-DS population.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Johansson, L-S, et al.
(author)
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An XPS round robin investigation on analysis of wood pulp fibres and filter paper
- 2005
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In: Surface Science. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 584:1, s. 126-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been applied to pulp and paper research for decades. However, there has been no attempt to standardise or even systematically compare experimental and analysis procedures, even though it is known that fibrous, nature-derived and insulating fibre materials pose remarkable challenges to reliable surface analysis. The experimental problems are mainly linked with neutralisation, energy resolution, contamination and X-ray induced degradation. We have tested applicability, reliability and reproducibility of XPS analysis on real pulp samples with varying lignin and extractives contents in a small round robin investigation. We also tested the instrumental set-ups with an acetone-extracted filter paper, used as a reference sample. The data, collected at four different laboratories with state-of-the-art instruments indicate that reproducible results can be obtained, despite minor differences in experimental and analysis procedures. However, we found that a specified sample handling procedure and limited X-ray exposure are crucial for reproducible, reliable data. Based on the round robin data we recommend dose restricted monochromatic measurements, a cellulosic in situ reference and a consistent sample handling procedure. The data confirms that a paper-based reference material and the correlation of high-resolution C 1s data with O/C atomic ratios can be used in testing instruments and experimental set-ups for pulp and paper materials.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Kendall, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Nerve growth factor in the equine joint
- 2021
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In: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 267
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin with many functions. In humans, it is involved in inflammation, nerve growth, apoptosis and pain signalling. Increased concentrations of NGF in synovial fluid has been shown in humans and dogs with osteoarthritis. Despite osteoarthritis being a common problem in horses, no studies have previously been published on NGF in the equine joint. The aim of this study was to quantify NGF in equine synovial fluid from healthy joints, acutely inflamed septic joints and joints with structural changes associated with osteoarthritis. A secondary aim was to identify the localisation of NGF and its two receptors, TrkA and p75(NTR) in healthy and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. NGF concentrations in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic joints (n = 27), septic joints (n = 9) and healthy joints (n = 16) were determined by ELISA. In addition, articular cartilage from osteoarthritic and healthy joints was examined for NGF, TrkA and P75(NTR) using immunohistochemistry staining. NGF was present in equine synovial fluid and articular cartilage. Compared to synovial fluid from healthy joints, NGF concentration was higher in synovial fluid from joints with structural osteoarthritic changes (P = 0.032) or acute septic inflammation (P = 0.006). In articular cartilage with severe osteoarthritic changes, there was more abundant positive immunohistochemistry staining for NGF and its receptors than in normal articular cartilage. Further studies should focus on identifying precursor forms of NGF, and on receptor expression and downstream signalling of TrkA and P75(NTR) in health and disease. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Larsson, Mikael, 1967, et al.
(author)
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The effect of reaction conditions and time on stream on the coke formed during propane dehydrogenation
- 1996
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In: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9517. ; 164:1, s. 44-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pt/Al2O3and Pt–Sn/Al2O3catalysts, coked during propane dehydrogenation, have been studied using temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). Time on stream, temperature, and reaction gas composition have been varied. Three different peaks were identified from the TPO profiles on the Pt–Sn catalyst and attributed to different types of coke; coke on and in the vicinity of the metal, coke on the carrier, and graphitic coke on the carrier. The amounts of these types were related to reaction conditions. The formation of the coke belonging to the first two peaks in the TPO profiles increases with temperature and partial pressure of propene. Hydrogen, on the other hand, suppresses the formation. The amount of coke that can be attributed to the third peak increases with temperature and propane partial pressure. A model is discussed where a minor part of the coke deactivates the catalyst. This coke is formed in parallel with the coke that is seen in the first two peaks in the TPO experiments. The graphitic coke formed on the carrier is not formed through this route. The experiments with different time on stream revealed that the first peak reached a constant level after about 15 h, while the second one still increased. Hydrogen was very efficient in preventing coke formation and deactivation but could not remove coke already formed on the catalyst. The hydrogenolysis and cracking mechanisms during the propane dehydrogenation are also discussed.
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| 48. |
- Legler, Tobias J., et al.
(author)
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Workshop report on the extraction of foetal DNA from maternal plasma
- 2007
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In: Prenatal Diagnosis. - : Wiley. - 1097-0223 .- 0197-3851. ; 27:9, s. 824-829
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Cell free foetal DNA (cff DNA) extracted from maternal plasma is now recognized as a potential source for prenatal diagnosis but the methodology is currently not well standardized. To evaluate different manual and automated DNA extraction methods with a view to developing standards, an International Workshop was performed. Methods Three plasma pools from RhD-negative pregnant women, a DNA standard, real-time-PCR protocol, primers and probes for RHD were sent to 12 laboratories and also to one company (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). In pre-tests, pool 3 showed a low cff DNA concentration, pool I showed a higher concentration and pool 2 an intermediate concentration. Results The QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit, an in-house protocol using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, the CST genomic DNA purification kit, the Magna Pure LC, the MDx, the M48, the EZl and an in-house protocol using magnetic beads for manual and automated extraction were the methods that were able to reliably detect foetal RHD. The best results were obtained with the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit. The QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit showed very comparable results in laboratories that followed the manufacturer's protocol and started with >= 500 mu L plasma. One participant using the QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit failed to detect reliably RHD in pool 3. Conclusions This workshop initiated a standardization process for extraction of cff DNA in maternal plasma. The highest yield was obtained by the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, a result that will be evaluated in more detail in future studies. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 49. |
- Leinonen, E. S., et al.
(author)
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Low-grade inflammation, endothelial activation and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes
- 2004
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In: J Intern Med. ; 256:2, s. 119-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between inflammation, endothelial activation and incipient atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Setting and subjects. We studied 239 type 2 diabetic patients [71 with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD)] and 78 healthy control subjects, aged 50-75 in a single research centre. METHODS: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was determined by ultrasound. Circulating intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, human serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, monocyte colony-stimulating factor, secretory nonpancreatic phospholipase A(2) type IIA, glucose, HbA1c, and lipid/lipoprotein variables were measured. RESULTS: Carotid IMT was significantly thicker in diabetic patients than healthy controls across the whole age range. IMT was also thicker in diabetic patients with, than without, CVD, but this difference disappeared after controlling for confounding factors. Concentrations of the inflammatory and endothelial markers except IL-6 were significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in healthy controls, but comparable in diabetic patients with and without CVD. The main determinants of IMT in the diabetic patients were blood pressure, age and diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS: Low-grade inflammation and endothelial activation are increased in diabetic patients but do not associate with IMT or clinical CVD. The inflammatory reaction seems to be rather a feature of the metabolic syndrome than a direct determinant of atherosclerosis.
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| 50. |
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