| 1. |
- Hamberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
C-terminal ladder sequencing of peptides using an alternative nucleophile in carboxypeptidase Y digests
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 357:2, s. 167-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for improved sequence coverage in C-terminal sequencing of peptides, based on carboxypeptidase digestion, is described. In conventional carboxypeptidase digestions, the peptide substrate is usually extensively degraded and a full amino acid sequence cannot be obtained due to the lack of a complete peptide ladder. In the presented method, a protecting group is introduced at the C terminus of a fraction of the peptide fragments formed in the digest, and thereby further degradation of the C-terminally modified peptides are slowed down. The protecting group was attached to the C-terminal amino acid through a carboxypeptidase-catalyzed reaction with an alternative nucleophile, 2-pyridylmethylamine, added to the aqueous digestion buffer. Six peptides were digested by carboxypeptidase Y with and without 2-pyridylmethylamine present in the digest buffer, and the resulting fragments subsequently were analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Comparison of the two digestion methods showed that the probability of successful ladder sequencing increased, by more than 50% using 2-pyridylmethylamine as a competing nucleophile in carboxypeptidase Y digests.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Abgrall, N., et al.
(författare)
-
The large enriched germanium experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay (LEGEND)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : Author(s). - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1894
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) would show that lepton number is violated, reveal that neu-trinos are Majorana particles, and provide information on neutrino mass. A discovery-capable experiment covering the inverted ordering region, with effective Majorana neutrino masses of 15 - 50 meV, will require a tonne-scale experiment with excellent energy resolution and extremely low backgrounds, at the level of ∼0.1 count /(FWHM·t·yr) in the region of the signal. The current generation 76Ge experiments GERDA and the Majorana Demonstrator, utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0νββ signal region of all 0νββ experiments. Building on this success, the LEGEND collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale 76Ge experiment. The collaboration aims to develop a phased 0νββ experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life approaching or at 1028 years, using existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results.
|
|
| 4. |
- Abou Nada, Fahd Jouda, et al.
(författare)
-
A first application of thermographic phosphors in a marine two-stroke diesel engine for surface temperature measurement
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference (ICEF2014). ; , s. 001-001
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphor thermometry is applied for the first time in a large-bore two-stroke diesel engine. The work proves the practicality of phosphor thermometry in large-bore engines. The experiments were conducted on the MAN 4T50ME-X marine research engine equipped with an optical cylinder head. By employing a thin surface coating of CdWO4 phosphor, cycle resolved temperature measurements of the cylinder wall were obtained. Motored and fired engine operations were tested at engine loads covering the low and medium engine load range. Phosphor thermometry proved to be successful in retrieving the temperature with standard deviations ranging around 1-8 K. Experimental considerations like detector linearity, coating thickness and an automated phosphor calibration routine will be addressed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1981-
(författare)
-
Creating clarity and managing complexity through co-operation and communication : The case of Swedish icebreaker operations
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sea transportation is vital for the global economy, and the amount of seaborne trade is expected to increase in the future. In some areas, icebreakers are necessary for maintaining open shipping lanes all-year round and ensuring safe navigation. Vessels operating in ice are exposed to harsh environmental factors such as severe weather and heavy ice, and when external forces become too strong vessels will depend on icebreaker assistance. However, successful icebreaker operations require the icebreaker to operate in close vicinity to the assisted vessel to break the ice, which in turn increases the risk of collision.There are many factors which make icebreaker operations complex. The aim of this thesis is to use work organization, operational safety, and interpersonal communication as three lenses to describe and analyse the complexity of icebreaker operations, and its implications for practice. To thoroughly investigate this complexity, data are drawn from numerous sources; semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire, and a substantial amount of recorded authentic communication all provide complementary insights.The results show that the icebreaker performs a multitude of tasks directly concerned with icebreaking, e.g. directing and physically assisting other vessels, but that these tasks indirectly rely on interpersonal interaction and communication. A number of conflicting constraints add to the complexity. For example, harsh winter conditions impede vessels’ independent navigation in ice, while offering icebreaker crews opportunities to practice and maintain important skills. Furthermore, it was shown that language skills and communication play an important role in upholding the operational safety. However, closed-loop communication is not always used as intended, a deviation from intended communication protocol with potential to increase the risk of misunderstandings.This thesis suggests that safety and efficiency of winter navigation can be enhanced by making better use of existing technology and data; by examining the past track of other vessels, e.g. via AIS, finding suitable ice tracks will be made easier. Another implication concerning communication is that training institutes should emphasize the logic behind standardized communication protocols rather than focusing on standard phrases, i.e. facilitating means for advanced English speakers to adapt their communication style. That way, novice and advanced speakers could find common ground.
|
|
| 6. |
- Engström, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
ÖP-RUP : från svag länk till plattform för utvecklingskraft
- 2010
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sverige genomgår en samhällsutveckling som ställer nya krav på samhällets organisation och funktion. I takt med att arbetsmarknadsregionerna växer och människors vardagliga livsrum vidgas, ökar behovet av en samhällsplanering som hanterar dessa frågor i ett regionalt perspektiv. Kommunerna har traditionellt haft den centrala rollen i samhällsplaneringen med ansvar för bebyggelseutveckling, offentligt finansierade vård- och omsorgstjänster, skola. Med de uppgifter som lagts på regionala organ får frågor som daglig pendling, arbetsmarknadens utveckling, etc. däremot sin behandling där. En kostnadseffektiv och ur medborgarsynpunkt ändamålsenlig organisering av skattefinansierade uppgifter och en hållbar samhällsutveckling är därmed beroende av att de kommunala och regionala nivåerna kan samspela. I samtliga administrativa regioner finns idag regionala utvecklingsprogram (RUP). Och inom kommunerna har översiktsplanens (ÖP) strategiska roll för kommunens långsiktiga utvecklingsambitioner ökat. I PBL- respektive Ansvarsutredningen har betydelsen av en bättre funktionell planering lyfts fram. Erfarenheterna visar emellertid att samspelet mellan ÖP och RUP är relativt outvecklat. Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting (SKL) har därför beslutat uppdra åt Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) att göra en kunskapsöversikt som visar hur samhällsplaneringen kan ta till vara på utvecklingsmöjligheterna. Arbetsgruppen har bestått av Carl-Johan Engström, Charlotta Fredriksson och Anna Hult. Gruppen står för studien och dess slutsatser. Arbetet har fokuserat på att lyfta fram goda exempel. Processer där man har lyckats skapa gemensam handlingskraft i samspel mellan kommun och region, och likaså intressanta specifika utvecklingsstrategier utifrån lokala och/eller regionala styrkor och svagheter. Med dessa exempel som utgångspunkt förs en diskussion mot bakgrund av andra dokumenterade erfarenheter och forskningsresultat som tillsammans kan ge underlag och idéer för att skapa en bättre dialog mellan kommun och region som grund för strategisk utveckling och för samspelet med staten kring infrastruktursatsningar och regional utvecklingsplanering. En tjänstemannagrupp inom Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting har följt arbetet med kunskapsöversikten. Kontaktperson har varit Carmita Lundin.
|
|
| 7. |
- Escher, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Method matters: impact of in-scenario instruction on simulation-based teamwork training
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Advances in Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2059-0628 .- 2364-3277. ; 2:25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The rationale for introducing full-scale patient simulators in training to improve patient safety is to recreate clinical situations in a realistic setting. Although high-fidelity simulators mimic a wide range of human features, simulators differ from the body of a sick patient. The gap between the simulator and the human body implies a need for facilitators to provide information to help participants understand scenarios. The authors aimed at describing different methods that facilitators in our dataset used to provide such extra scenario information and how the different methods to convey information affected how scenarios played out. Method: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to examine the variation of methods to deliver extra scenario information to participants. A multistage approach was employed. The authors selected film clips from a shared database of 31 scenarios from three participating simulation centers. A multidisciplinary research team performed a collaborative analysis of representative film clips focusing on the interplay between participants, facilitators and the physical environment. After that the entire material was revisited to further examine and elaborate the initial findings. Results: The material displayed four distinct methods for facilitators to convey information to participants in simulation based teamwork training. The choice of method had impact on the participating teams regarding flow of work, tempo and team communication. Facilitators’ close access to the teams’ activities when present in the simulation suite, either embodied or disembodied in the simulation, facilitated the timing for providing information, which was critical for maintaining the flow of activities and learner engagement in the scenario. The mediation of information by a loudspeaker or an earpiece from the adjacent operator room could be disturbing for team communication when information was not well timed. Conclusions: In-scenario instruction is an essential component of simulation based teamwork training that has been largely overlooked in previous research. The ways in which facilitators convey information about the simulated patient have the potential to shape the simulation activities and thereby serve different learning goals. Although immediate timing to maintain an adequate tempo is necessary for professionals to engage in training of acute situations, novices may gain from a slower tempo to train complex clinical team tasks systematically.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Fant, Eric Michael, 1754-1817
(författare)
-
Dissertationis academicæ, de praefectura Naesgardensi Dalekarliae, continuatio IV:ta, sistens paroeciam Grytnäs; quam cons. ampliss. ord. philosoph. in reg. acad. Upsaliensi, præside mag. Erico M. Fant, histor. prof. reg. et ord. S. R. S. M. pro gradu, publice ventilandam sistit Johannes Christoph. Hult, stipend. Nessel. Dalekarlus. In aud. Gust. maj. d. 24 Maji, 1782.
- 1782
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 10. |
- Garcia Gallego, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Fluoride-Promoted Esterification with Imidazolide-Activated Compounds : A Modular and Sustainable Approach to Dendrimers
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 54:8, s. 2416-2419
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the growing demand for facile and sustainable synthetic methods to structurally perfect polymers, we herein describe a significant improvement of esterification reactions capitalizing on 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). Cesium fluoride was shown to be an essential catalyst for these reactions to reach completion. This approach was successfully applied to the synthesis of structurally flawless and highly functional polyester dendrimers employing traditional and accelerated growth strategies. A sixth generation bis-MPA dendrimer with a molecular weight of 22.080Da and 192 peripheral hydroxy groups was isolated in less than one day of total reaction time. Large quantities of dendrimerswere obtained in high yields (>90%) using simple purification steps under sustainable conditions. The fluoride-promoted esterification (FPE) via imidazolide-activated compounds is wide in scope and constitutes a potentially new approach toward functional polymers and other materials.
|
|
| 11. |
- Gashi, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Curvature and wrinkling of premixed flame kernels - comparisons of OHPLIF and DNS data
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Symposium (International) on Combustion. - : Elsevier BV. - 0082-0784. ; 30, s. 809-817
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of curvature and wrinkling on the growth of turbulent premixed flame kernels have been investigated using both 2D OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and 3D direct numerical simulation (DNS). Comparisons of results between the two approaches show a high level of agreement, providing confidence in the simplified chemistry treatment employed in the DNS, and indicating that chemistry may have only a limited influence on the evolution of the freely propagating flame. This is in contrast to previous studies of the very early flame development where chemistry may be dominant. Statistics for curvature and wrinkling are presented in the form of probability density functions, and there is good agreement with previous findings. The limitations of 2D PLIF measurements of curvature are quantified by comparison with full 3D information obtained from the DNS. The usefulness of PLIF in providing data over a wide parameter range is illustrated using statistics obtained from both CH4/air and H-2/air mixtures, which show a markedly different behaviour due to their different thermo-diffusive properties. The results provide a demonstration of the combined power of PLIF and DNS for flame investigation. Each technique is shown to compensate for the weaknesses of the other and to reinforce the strengths of both.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Glomm, Wilhelm R., et al.
(författare)
-
Europium(III)-cored fluorinated dendrimers at the air-water surface
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 299:03-jan, s. 186-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of lanthanide (Eu3+) cored fluorinated dendrimers of generations I through 4 (G1-G4) have been studied with respect to their film-forming properties at the air-water surface. All dendrimers studied here formed stable films at the air-water surface. At the air-water surface, the dendrimers are likely to adopt asymmetric funnel-like conformations wherein the lanthanide core is directed towards the water surface and the fluorinated phenyl groups are directed away from the bulk phase. This hypothesis was further tested by addition of an electrolyte (0.01 M MgSO4) to the subphase. The added electrolyte was found to (i) advance the onset of network formation, as well as completion of monolayers, and (ii) increase the collapse pressure. Both features support the asymmetric conformation hypothesis, in that addition of an electrolyte promotes further conformational changes and shields electrostatic repulsion between lanthanide cores, thus allowing for closer packing of the molecules.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Grigoriadis, Aristeidis, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a prognostic MRCP-score (DiStrict) for individuals with large-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: JHEP Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5559. ; 4:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is used for the diagnosis and follow-up of individuals with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The aim of our study is to develop an MRCP-score based on chol-angiographic findings previously associated with outcomes and assess its reproducibility and prognostic value in PSC.Methods: The score (DiStrict score) was developed based on the extent and severity of cholangiographic changes of intra-hepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts (range 0-8) on 3D-MRCP. In this retrospective, multicentre study, three pairs of radiol-ogists with different levels of expertise from three tertiary centres applied the score independently. MRCP examinations of 220 consecutive individuals with PSC from a prospectively collected PSC-cohort, with median follow-up of 7.4 years, were reviewed. Inter-reader and intrareader agreements were assessed via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). After consensus, the prognostic value of the score was assessed using Cox-regression and outcome-free survival rates were assessed via Kaplan-Meier estimates. Harrell's C-statistic was calculated.Results: Forty patients developed outcomes (liver transplantation or liver-related death). Inter-reader agreement between experienced radiologists was good (ICC 0.82; 95% CI 0.74-0.87, and ICC 0.81; 95% CI 0.70-0.87, respectively) and better than the agreement for the pair of experienced/less-experienced radiologists (ICC 0.48; 95% CI 0.05-0.72). Agreement between radiologists from the three centres was good (ICC 0.76; 95% CI 0.57-0.89). Intrareader agreement was good to excellent (ICC 0.85-0.93). Harrell's C was 0.78. Patients with a DiStrict score of 5-8 had 8.2-fold higher risk (hazard ratio 8.2; 95% CI 2.97-22.65) of developing outcomes, and significantly worse survival (p <0.001), compared to those with a DiStrict score of 1-4.Conclusions: The novel DiStrict score is reproducible and strongly associated with outcomes, indicating its prognostic value for individuals with PSC in clinical practice.Impact and implications: The diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is based on magnetic resonance chol-angiopancreatography (MRCP). However, the role of MRCP in the prognostication of PSC is still unclear. We developed a novel, simple, and reproducible risk-score, based on MRCP findings, that showed a strong association with prognosis in individuals with PSC (DiStrict score). This score can be easily used in clinical practice and thus has the potential to be useful in clinical trials and in patient counselling and management.
|
|
| 16. |
- Grigoriadis, Aristeidis, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a prognostic MRCP score (DiStrict) for patients with large-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: JHEP Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-5559. ; 4:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsMRCP is used for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Interest in the prognostic value of MRCP is increasing. The aim of our study is to develop an MRCP-score based on cholangiographic findings previously associated with outcomes and assess its reproducibility and prognostic value in PSC.MethodsThe score (DiStrict-score) was developed based on the extent and severity of cholangiographic changes of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts (range 0–8) on 3D-MRCP. In this retrospective, ethics review board approved, multicentre study, three pairs of radiologists with different levels of expertise from three tertiary centres applied the score independently. MRCP- examinations of 220 consecutive PSC-patients from a prospectively collected PSC-cohort, with median follow-up of 7.4 years, were reviewed. Interreader and intrareader agreements were assessed via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). After consensus, the prognostic value of the score was assessed using Cox-regression and outcome-free survival rates were assessed via Kaplan-Meier estimates. Harrell´s C-statistic was calculated.Results40 patients developed outcomes (liver transplantation or liver-related death). Interreader agreement between experienced radiologists was good (ICC=0.82; 95%CI:0.74–0.87, and ICC=0.81; 95%CI:0.70–0.87, respectively) and better than the agreement for the pair of experienced/less experienced radiologist (ICC=0.48; 95%CI:0.05–0.72). Agreement between radiologists from the three centres was good (ICC=0.76; 95%CI:0.57–0.89). Intrareader agreement was good to excellent (ICC=0.85–0.93). Harrell´s C was 0.78. Patients with DiStrict-score of 5 – 8 had 8.2 times higher risk (HR=8.2; 95%CI:2.97–22.65) for developing outcomes, and significantly worse survival (P ConclusionsThe novel DiStrict-score is reproducible and strongly associated with outcomes, indicating its value for PSC-patient prognoses in clinical practice.Lay summaryDiagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is based on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). However, the role of MRCP in the prognosis of PSC is still unclear. We developed a novel, simple, and reproducible risk-score, based on MRCP findings, that showed a strong association with PSC patient prognoses (DiStrict score). This score can be easily used in clinical practice and thus has the potential to be useful in clinical trials and in patient counselling and management.
|
|
| 17. |
- Hardalupas, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemiluminescence sensor for local equivalence ratio of reacting mixtures of fuel and air (FLAMESEEK)
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311. ; 24:11-12, s. 1619-1632
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a Cassegrain optics-based chemiluminescence sensor (CS) for measurements in gas turbine combustors. The chemiluminescence sensor measures the equivalence ratio of reacting fuel and air mixtures, and can identify the flame location, in partially premixed flames. It has the potential for monitoring the degree of premixedness of reacting fuel and air in industrial gas turbine combustors, where operation with lean premixed mixtures is important for reduction of NO, emissions. The spatial resolution of the sensor is evaluated by comparing OH* chemiluminescence measurement from the CS with laser induced OH fluorescence, in the cone-shaped premixed flame of a Bunsen burner. The ability of the sensor to measure in a modified micro-gas turbine environment burning a methane/air, as well as, a methane/ water/air flame (humidified flame) is also demonstrated.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Hasselström, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Design, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation of Secure Socket SCTP 2.0
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is acomparatively new transport protocol that presents some advanced features compared to other standardized transport protocols. However, there are currently no standardized end-to-end security solutions suited for SCTP. One proposal for end-to-end encryption is the Secure Socket SCTP (S2-SCTP) protocol, developed by researchers at Karlstad University. The security solution for SCTP described in this report uses key agreement for obtaining keys to be able to provide data confidentiality by encryption. The protocol is based on the S2-SCTP protocol, with smaller changes, and an overlaying management protocol has been designed and implemented. The management protocolis used to enable encryption and TLS authentication, to give a secure communication library over existing Berkeley Sockets. The performance evaluation of S2-SCTP compared to the already standardized end-to-endsecurity solutions, i.e., TLS over SCTP and DTLS over SCTP, shows that S2-SCTP achieves a higher throughput while still maintaining most of the advantages of SCTP.
|
|
| 20. |
- Hedlund, Ragnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Theodor Metochites i den yttersta tiden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Olof Heilo (ed.), Vägar till Bysans. - Skellefteå : Artos & Norma bokförlag. - 9789172171237 ; , s. 105-113
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den bysantinske statsmannen Theodoros Metochites (1270-1332) ger i sina personligt skrivna essäer uttryck för stämningar som var rådande i Konstantinopel under hans tid: sorg över förlorade landområden, uppgivenhet inför sedernas förfall och bävan inför framtiden.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Hult, Gunnar, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology Forecast 2021 – Military Utility of Future Technologies
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For the purpose of Technology Forecast 2021 five reports from the German Fraunhofer Institute were chosen by FMV (and SwAF) and given to Systems Science for Defence and Security Division to analyse and assess within the timeframe up to 2040.The following research reports were reviewed by the working group at SEDU:· Adversarial Machine Learning · High Entropy Ceramics· Large Unmanned Underwater Vehicles· Living Sensors· Machine Learning in Materials DevelopmentThe aim of the Technology Forecast seminars and the finished product, this report, is to assess the potential military utility of the reviewed technologies and how they may contribute to the Swedish Armed Forces’ operational capabilities based on the presented concept(s) and scenario(s). The military utility is categorised by one of four assessments: Significant, Moderate, Negligible or Uncertain.The following technologies were assessed to potentially have significant military utility:· High Entropy Ceramics· Machine Learning in Materials Development· Adversarial Machine LearningThe following technology was assessed to potentially have moderate military utility:· Large Unmanned Underwater Vehicles The following technology was assessed to have uncertain military utility:· Living Sensors
|
|
| 23. |
- Hult, Gunnar, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology Forecast 2022 – Military Utility of Future Technologies
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For the purpose of Technology Forecast 2022 five reports from the German Fraunhofer Institute were chosen by FMV (and SwAF) and given to the Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security to analyse and assess within the timeframe up to 2040.The following research reports were reviewed by the working group at SEDU:· AI Hardware · Explainable Artificial Intelligence· Human-Agent Teaming· Photonic Radar· Satellite Independent Navigation The aim of the Technology Forecast seminars and the finished product, this report, is to assess the potential military utility of the reviewed technologies and how they may contribute to the Swedish Armed Forces’ operational capabilities based on the presented concept(s) and scenario(s). The military utility is categorised by one of four assessments: Significant, Moderate, Negligible or Uncertain. The following technologies were assessed to potentially have significant military utility:· Explainable Artificial Intelligence· Human-Agent Teaming· Photonic RadarThe following technologies were assessed to have uncertain military utility:· AI Hardware · Satellite Independent Navigation
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Hult, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
A simple time-consistent model for the forward density process
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance. - 0219-0249. ; 16:8, s. 13500489-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a simple model for the evolution of the forward density of the future value of an asset is proposed. The model allows for a straightforward initial calibration to option prices and has dynamics that are consistent with empirical findings from option price data. The model is constructed with the aim of being both simple and realistic, and avoid the need for frequent re-calibration. The model prices of n options and a forward contract are expressed as time-varying functions of an (n + 1)-dimensional Brownian motion and it is investigated how the Brownian trajectory can be determined from the trajectories of the price processes. An approach based on particle filtering is presented for determining the location of the driving Brownian motion from option prices observed in discrete time. A simulation study and an empirical study of call options on the S&P 500 index illustrate that the model provides a good fit to option price data.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Hult, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interest Rates and Financial Derivatives
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Risk and Portfolio Analysis. - New York, NY : Springer Nature. ; , s. 3-31
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we present the basic theory of interest rate instruments and the pricing of financial derivatives. The material we have chosen to present here is interesting and relevant in its own right but particularly so as the basis for the principles and methods considered in subsequent chapters.
|
|
| 29. |
- Hult, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Preface
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Risk and Portfolio Analysis. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. vii-x
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 30. |
- Hult, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of a high-repetition-rate laser diagnostic system for single-cycle-resolved imaging in internal combustion engines
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 41:24, s. 5002-5014
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-repetition-rate laser-induced fluorescence measurements of fuel and OH concentrations in internal combustion engines are demonstrated. Series of as many as eight fluorescence images, with a temporal resolution ranging from 10 mus to 1 ms, are acquired within one engine cycle. A multiple-laser system in combination with a multiple-CCD camera is used for cycle-resolved imaging in spark-ignition, direct-injection stratified-charge, and homogeneous-charge compression-ignition engines. The recorded data reveal unique information on cycle-to-cycle variations in fuel transport and combustion. Moreover, the imaging system in combination with a scanning mirror is used to perform instantaneous three-dimensional fuel-concentration measurements.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Hult, Johan
(författare)
-
Development of Time Resolved Laser Imaging Techniques for Studies of Turbulent Reacting Flows
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present thesis the development and application of a novel laser diagnostic system for high speed spectroscopic imaging of turbulent combustion phenomena is presented. The system is capable of recording sequences of up to 8 images with a separation between consecutive images as short as microseconds. The system allows a number of established laser diagnostic techniques to be used, extending them into the time resolved regime. For the first time it has thus become possible to observe the influence of fluid motion or reaction chemistry on flame structure in a direct, time resolved, fashion. The high speed diagnostic system has been used to study flame species and fuel distributions with a high temporal resolution in jet flames, combustion cells and in IC engines. In jet flames various flame instability mechanisms, like local flame extinction and flame lift-off have been studied. Large scale structures have been observed and tracked in time, using time resolved planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of the OH radical. Individual extinction phenomena have been studied in further detail by simultaneous measurements of the velocity field at the flame front, allowing correlations between flow and flame structures to be made. Vortices impinging on the flame front from the fuel side were found to be the main extinction mechanism, and the time scale of the extinction process could be estimated. High speed imaging has also been applied to study novel combustion engine concepts, like the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. True single-cycle resolved measurements allows the evolution of single fuel injection, ignition or combustion events to be followed in time, and cycle-to-cycle variations of complex phenomena to be studied. In an HCCI engine the appearance and growth of multiple auto-ignition kernels was observed. Following ignition the fuel was found to be consumed gradually, at different rates in different regions, and not through propagating flame fronts as is the case in spark ignition engines. By rapidly displacing the eight laser beams through a measurement volume using a scanning mirror, three-dimensional (3-D) measurements also become possible. This technique has been demonstrated in both flames and engines, allowing flame topology or 3-D concentrations gradients to be studied. In addition to the experimental work, advanced image processing routines have also been developed and applied for automatic data enhancement and analysis.
|
|
| 33. |
- Hult, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental analysis of local flame extinction in a turbulent jet diffusion flame by high repetition 2-D laser techniques and multi-scalar measurements
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Symposium (International) on Combustion. - : Elsevier BV. - 0082-0784. ; 30:1, s. 701-709
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a detailed experimental study of turbulence chemistry interactions in the "DLR_B" turbulent jet diffusion flame. The flame operates on mixtures of CH4, H-2, and N-2 in the fuel stream at Re = 22,800 and is a target flame within the TNF workshop. Extinction and re-ignition events can be tracked in real time and related to the underlying flow field phenomena and temperature fields. Time resolved measurements of OH radical concentration fields are performed in combination with temperature and velocity field measurements. For this purpose, we combined high repetition rate (33 kHz) PLIF imaging with stereoscopic PIV and double pulse Rayleigh imaging techniques. Comparisons are made with results from multi-scalar Raman/Rayleigh/LIF point measurements that reveal the thermochemical state of the flame. The large deviations from equilibrium observed on resulting OH/temperature joint pdfs could be related to strain rate and Damkohler number variations caused by turbulent flow structures leading to frequent extinctions. The 2D measurement series uniquely reveal the underlying mechanism that can lead to such events. Finally, comparisons are made to strained laminar flame calculations, which are generally found to be in good agreement with the measured data. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute.
|
|
| 34. |
- Hult, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Optical Characterization of the Combustion Process inside a Large-Bore Dual-Fuel Two-Stroke Marine Engine by Using Multiple High-Speed Cameras
- 2020
-
Ingår i: WCX SAE World Congress Experience. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191. ; 2020-April
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-fuel engines for marine propulsion are gaining in importance due to operational and environmental benefits. Here the combustion in a dual-fuel marine engine operating on diesel and natural gas, is studied using a multiple high-speed camera arrangement. By recording the natural flame emission from three different directions the flame position inside the engine cylinder can be spatially mapped and tracked in time. Through space carving a rough estimate of the three-dimensional (3D) flame contour can be obtained. From this contour, properties like flame length and height, as well as ignition locations can be extracted. The multi-camera imaging is applied to a dual-fuel marine two-stroke engine, with a bore diameter of 0.5 m and a stroke of 2.2 m. Both liquid and gaseous fuels are directly injected at high pressure, using separate injection systems. Optical access is obtained using borescope inserts, resulting in a minimum disturbance to the cylinder geometry. In this type of engine, with fuel injection from positions at the rim of the cylinder, the flame morphology becomes asymmetric. The optical spatial mapping and tracking method is demonstrated to be well suited for the study of such an asymmetric combustion system. Spatial mapping and tracking of flame position is applied to both engine operating modes; normal diesel operation and dual-fuel operation with diesel pilot ignition of the gas. Similarities and differences between diesel and gas flame shape and development can thus be visualised directly. The effects of changing charge density, gas injection pressure and injection nozzle geometry on the flame geometry and development are also studied.
|
|
| 35. |
- Hult, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of soot volume fraction in turbulent non-premixed flames
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Experiments in Fluids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1114 .- 0723-4864. ; 33:2, s. 265-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three-dimensional (3-D) imaging system for studies of reactive and non-reactive flows is described. It can be used to reveal the topology of turbulent structures and to extract 3-D quantities, such as concentration gradients. Measurements are performed using a high repetition rate laser and detector system in combination with a scanning mirror. In this study, the system is used for laser-induced incandescence measurements to obtain quantitative 3-D soot volume fraction distributions in both laminar and turbulent non-premixed flames. From the acquired data, iso-concentration surfaces are visualised and concentration gradients calculated.
|
|
| 36. |
- Hult, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatiotemporal flame mapping in a large-bore marine diesel engine using multiple high-speed cameras
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Engine Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-0874 .- 2041-3149. ; 21:4, s. 622-631
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A calibrated multiple high-speed camera arrangement recording the flame emission from three different directions has been demonstrated on an engine. From the multiple views, the flame position inside the engine cylinder can be spatially mapped, allowing quantitative studies of the dynamics of ignition, flame development and propagation. Through space carving, the three-dimensional flame contour can be estimated. From this contour, properties like flame length, flame height, ignition locations and flame directions can be extracted. The technique is demonstrated by measurements on diesel flames inside a marine two-stroke engine with a bore diameter of 500 mm. It is found to be a valuable tool for spatiotemporal flame mapping in this asymmetric industrial combustion system.
|
|
| 37. |
- Hult, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur överförs nationella miljömål till lokala beslut i transport- och samhällsplaneringen?
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet Stafetten, som finansierats av Naturvårdsverket, har studerat miljömål på nationell, regional och lokal nivå, deras roll för transportplaneringen, och vad som kan göras för att målen ska få större genomslag. Deltagande organisationer är IVL Svenska Miljöinstituten, Trivector Traffic och Lund universitet. I denna rapport beskrivs hur miljömålen överförs till lokala beslut i den regionala transportplaneringen och i den kommunala samhällsplaneringen.
|
|
| 38. |
- Hult, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Infrastruktur, planering och miljömål – en analys av synen på ansvar, roller och vilken påverkan infrastrukturen har för att uppnå miljömålen.
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är ett resultat från forskningsprojektet Stafetten som finansierats av Naturvårdsverket. Deltagande organisationer är IVL Svenska Miljöinstituten, Trivector Traffic och Lund universitet. Syftet med rapporten är öka kunskapen om hur beslutsfattare i olika organisationer ser på kopplingarna mellan nationella miljömål och transportplanering, samt att undersöka hur ett diskursanalytiskt angreppssätt kan bidra till att förklara varför miljömålen inte får tillräckligt genomslag. Analysen bygger på ett intervjumaterial som omfattar 53 intervjuer med tjänstemän på lokal, regional och nationell nivå.
|
|
| 39. |
- Hult, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Rättvis tillgänglighet för landsbygder och mindre tätorter genom mobilitet som tjänst och e-handel - en förstudie
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport sammanfattar resultaten från förstudien ”Rättvis tillgänglighet för landsbygder och mindre tätorter genom mobilitet som tjänst och e-handel”. Förstudien finansierades av Trafikverket och genomfördes av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet och VTI Statens väg- och transport-forskningsinstitut. Syftet med förstudien har varit att bidra med kunskap och identifiera kunskaps-luckor om vad som behövs för att styra mot ett tillgängligt transportsystem för alla i landsbygder och mindre tätorter. Ett övergripande syfte var även att specificera inriktning för en kommande huvudstudie. Litteraturöversikten visar att äldre, unga och migranter, särskilt i kombination med funktionsnedsättning, är att betrakta som transportutsatta grupper. Mer intersektionell forskning behövs för att förstå komplexiteten i frågor som rör tillgänglighetsutmaningar kopplat till exempelvis kön, ålder och socioekonomisk status. En slutsats är att det finns anledning att vidare analysera, utveckla och tillgängliggöra metoder för hur intersektionella perspektiv bättre kan användas i utformning, genomförande och uppföljning av olika typer av mobilitets- och leveranstjänster som utvecklas av privata och offentliga aktörer. I huvudstudien kan det även finnas anledning att närmare studera hur olika aktörer kan säkerställa att personer med olika behov kan involveras och ha inflytande i transportsystemet. Samlat visar förstudien även att förutom att anpassa lösningar efter platsen och att involvera berörda målgrupper kan även andra mer övergripande utmaningar behöva adresseras för att kunna öka tillgängligheten på landsbygder. Utmaningar som att policy liksom kollektivtrafikförsörjning utgår från en urban norm som missgynnar landsbygder, juridiska hinder och avsaknad av samverkan och fungerande affärsmodeller med externa parter för att bredda utbudet av mobilitet och leverans på landsbygder. Vilka åtgärder som behövs för att kunna öka tillgängligheten för alla på landsbygder kommer huvudstudien att fokusera på.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Hultqvist, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
The Hcci Combustion Process in a Single Cycle-High-Speed Fuel Tracer Lif and Chemiluminescence Imaging
- 2002
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion progress has been characterized by means of high- speed fuel tracer Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) combined with simultaneous chemiluminescence imaging. Imaging has been conducted using a high-speed laser and detector system. The system can acquire a sequence of eight images within less than one crank angle. The engine was run at 1200 rpm on iso-octane or ethanol and a slight amount of acetone was added as a fuel tracer, providing a marker for the unburned areas. The PLIF sequences showed that, during the first stage of combustion, a well distributed decay of fuel concentration occurs. During the later parts of the combustion process the fuel concentration images present much more structure, with distinct edges between islands of unburned fuel and products. The transition between the evenly distributed fuel oxidation in the beginning and the large structures at the end, is most likely the result of a gradual amplification of small temperature inhomogeneities and an expansion of burned gas compressing the unburned.
|
|
| 42. |
- Kaminski, Clemens, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of high speed spectroscopic imaging techniques for the time resolved study of spark ignition phenomena
- 2000
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the development of novel time resolved spectroscopic imaging techniques for the study of spark ignition phenomena in combustion cells and an SI-engine. The techniques are based on planar laser induced fluorescence imaging (PLIF) of OH radicals, on fuel tracer PLIF, and on chemiluminescence. The techniques could be achieved at repetition rates reaching several hundreds of kilo-Hz and were cycle resolved. These techniques offer a new path along which engine related diagnostics can be undertaken, providing a wealth of information on turbulent spark ignition.
|
|
| 43. |
- Kelly, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparing for Team Work Training in Simulation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Interprofessional Simulation in Health Care. Abrandt Dahlgren M., Rystedt H., Felländer-Tsai L., Nyström S. (red.). - Cham : Springer. - 2210-5549 .- 2210-5557. - 9783030195427 ; , s. 59-89
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important condition for serving the educational objectives of simulation-based team training is that the facilitator’s instructions during the briefing bridge the gap between the simulation and the clinical situation it is intended to represent. This chapter unpacks instructional challenges in briefings by focusing on how instructors make use of trainees’ exhibited understanding of tasks to demonstrate how procedures should be adapted to the specific conditions of the simulation. Further, the chapter addresses the interplay between the simulation scenario, the provision of manikin features and the instructor’s guidance in the scenario and the relation to team performance in the simulation. The chapter shows how additional information is conveyed to the participants during the scenario to overcome the shortcomings of the simulator and how the sequencing and timing of this information during the scenarios were crucial for furthering the participants’ activities.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Larsson, Jörgen, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Konsumtionsbaserade scenarier för Sverige - underlag för diskussioner om nya klimatmål
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ALSO AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/529052 Denna rapport är resultatet av ett uppdrag från Sveriges parlamentariska miljömålsberedning och utgör ett underlag för diskussioner om Sveriges framtida klimatpolitik i allmänhet och om konsumtionsbaserade klimatmål i synnerhet. Arbetet har utförts av 13 forskare vid Chalmers tekniska högskola, IVL Svenska miljöinstitutet och KTH. Rapportens syfte är att analysera hur de klimatpåverkande utsläppen från vår konsumtion kommer att förändras under de närmaste 30 åren samt att översiktligt beskriva det vetenskapliga läget avseende globala utsläppsbanor som klarar Parisavtalet temperaturmål och vad de betyder för svenska konsumtionsbaserade utsläpp med hänsyn till olika rättviseprinciper. DEL 1 - Konsumtionsbaserade scenarier för svenska klimatpåverkande utsläpp 2050 Utsläppen i Sverige (så kallade territoriella utsläpp) var 5 ton koldioxidekvivalenter (CO2e) per person 2019. I konsumtionsbaserade utsläpp så inkluderar man även utsläpp som uppstår utomlands vid produktionen av de varor och tjänster som vi i Sverige konsumerar, medan utsläpp i Sverige till följd av vår export räknas bort. Enligt Statistiska centralbyråns metod beräknades de konsumtionsbaserade utsläppen till 9 ton CO2e per person för 2019. Tidigare analyser har visat att 36% av svenska konsumtionsbaserade utsläpp sker i Sverige, 22% i länder som ingår i EU:s system för handel med utsläppsrätter och resterande 42% i övriga länder, inklusive Ryssland, Kina, USA, och Indien, där klimatstyrmedlen i regel är svaga. I den här rapporten görs en analys av specifika tekniska åtgärder och beteendeförändringar när det gäller flyg, bil, kollektivtrafik, livsmedel, uppvärmning samt investeringar i byggnader och transportinfrastruktur. I SCB:s statistik motsvarar dessa områden 63% av de totala konsumtionsbaserade utsläppen. Fem scenarier har tagits fram baserat på olika klimatpolitiska inriktningar och utfallen från dessa beskrivs i figuren nedan. De framtida utsläppen påverkas naturligtvis kraftigt av vilken teknisk utveckling som sker i omvärlden. För att belysa detta redovisas ett spann från höga respektive låga utsläpp. Den högre nivån i spannet är resultatet av att omvärlden fortsatt utvecklas enligt Nuvarande trender och politik. Den lägre nivån i spannet bygger istället på en Global klimatomställning i linje med Parisavtalet. I Referensscenariot utvecklas beteenden och teknik enligt nuvarande trender och beslutade politiska styrmedel i både Sverige och omvärlden. I det Territoriella klimatmålsscenariot kommer nödvändiga beslut för att nå de svenska klimatmålen att tas. Här sker till exempel en övergång till nollutsläppsfordon och byggsektorn använder delvis fossilfritt stål. I det lägre spannet antas hela världen ställa om i linje med Parisavtalet, vilket bland annat ger lägre utsläpp utomlands vid produktion av fordon och mat som vi importerar, samt att internationellt flyg i huvudsak drivs med förnybart flygbränsle. Den högre nivån i spannet illustrerar att Sveriges territoriella klimatmål nås, men världen för övrigt ställer inte om för att klara temperaturmålen i Parisavtalet. I Beteende- och teknikscenariot genomförs ytterligare inhemska åtgärder för att bidra till lägre klimatpåverkande utsläpp från svensk konsumtion. Här antas utrikesflygandet och bilåkandet ligga kvar på 2019 års nivå. Självkörande bilar introduceras och regleras så att det inte leder till ökat bilåkande. Det sker ett skifte inom animaliekonsumtionen där hälften av nötköttet ersätts med kyckling eller växtbaserade proteinkällor. En annan skillnad är att nybyggnationen av bostäder halveras vilket möjliggörs bland annat genom att en del lokaler byggs om till bostäder. I Omfattande beteende- och teknikscenario illustreras effekten från kraftiga minskningar av flygande, bilåkande, konsumtion av nötkött och mejeriprodukter samt byggnation av vägar och bostäder, men med samma teknik som i föregående scenario. I Referensscenario med omfattande beteendeförändringar visas effekten i utsläpp av dessa omfattande beteendeförändringar, men i det här fallet i kombination med att avancerade tekniska förändringar uteblir både i Sverige och utomlands. Det översta spannet i figuren nedan visar vilka genomsnittliga globala netto-utsläpp 2050 som kan anses vara i linje med Parisavtalet, givet att det kvarvarande utsläppsutrymmet fördelas jämlikt per person. Studierna är utvalda av IPCC och streckens täthet visar på mängden studier som ger ett visst resultat. Den lägre utsläppsnivån i spannet motsvarar att den globala medeltemperaturökningen begränsas till under 1,5°C. Den högre utsläppsnivån motsvarar temperaturökning under 2°C med hög sannolikhet, eller att betydande negativa utsläpp efter 2050 för att långsiktigt nå 1,5°C. Notera att dessa är netto-utsläpp och därmed omfattar bidrag från negativa utsläpp enligt respektive studie, till skillnad från scenarierna i denna rapport. FIGUR - SE RAPPORT De spann för scenarierna som redovisas i mörkare färg omfattar enbart de konsumtionsområden som har analyserats i den här rapporten (persontransporter, livsmedel, byggande och boende). Spannen i en ljusare färg är uppskattningar av de totala konsumtionsbaserade utsläppen (inkl. övrig konsumtion och näringslivets investeringar). Notera dock att inga beteendeförändringar antas för dessa områden samt att denna analys endast är avsedd att illustrera ett resultat för helheten och inte är lika väl underbyggt som övriga beräkningar. Utfallet visar att referensscenarierna, både med och utan omfattande beteendeförändringar, beräknas resultera i totala konsumtionsbaserade utsläpp som ligger på en högre nivå 2050 än de studier som ligger i linje med Parisavtalets temperaturmål, givet studiernas uppskattade utsläppsnivå år 2050 och att utsläppsutrymmet fördelas jämlikt per person. Resultaten indikerar också att de konsumtionsbaserade utsläppen i det Territoriella klimatmålsscenariot ligger på en högre nivå 2050 än flertalet av dessa studier. Beteende- och teknikscenariot motsvarar i stort studiernas uppskattade utsläppsnivå år 2050, men det är under förutsättningen att den svenska omställningen kombineras med en global klimatomställning. Omfattande beteende- och teknikscenariot kan nå nivåer så låga att de motsvarar studier där globala medeltemperaturökningen begränsas till 1,5°C grader utan stora behov av negativa utsläpp, men också detta under förutsättningen att det sker en global klimatomställning. En övergripande slutsats är att de sammantagna konsumtionsbaserade utsläppen som kan uppnås genom ett fokus på avancerad teknisk utveckling inte är tillräckliga för att med säkerhet ligga i linje med Parisavtalet. Det gäller även om resten av världen också genomför en klimatomställning. Resultaten visar också att enbart omfattande beteendeförändringar, och ingen avancerad teknik, ligger ännu längre ifrån målen i Parisavtalet. En kombination av både avancerad teknik och vissa beteendeförändringar skulle däremot kunna ge en utveckling som ligger i nivå med de genomsnittliga utsläppen per person som Parisavtalets mål motsvarar år 2050. Frågorna om ett land som till exempel Sverige bör besluta om ett konsumtionsbaserade klimatmål som ett komplement till det territoriella målet, och vilken ambitionsnivå som målet i så fall borde ligga på, är naturligtvis politiska och inte vetenskapliga. En viktig aspekt att ta hänsyn till är att dessa scenarier inte omfattar potentialen för negativa utsläpp. En möjlighet är att anta ett netto-noll mål även för konsumtionsbaserade utsläpp, där kompletterande åtgärder, såsom negativa utsläpp, kompenserar för en viss mängd kvarvarande utsläpp. DEL 2 - Om utsläppsmål utifrån Parisavtalet och internationella rättviseprinciper Enligt Parisavtalet så ska nationella målsättningar gällande utsläppsminskningar uppnås med hänsyn taget till (i) att utvecklingsländer kan behöva mer tid för att vända sina respektive utsläppskurvor nedåt, (ii) rättvisa, och (iii) med hänsyn till en hållbar utveckling och fattigdomsbekämpning. Dessutom ska genomförandet vägledas av Klimatkonventionens övergripande princip om ”rättvisa och gemensamma men olikartade ansvar och respektive förmågor, i ljuset av olika nationella förhållanden”. Det finns dock ingen konsensus kring hur de mål som beskrivs på global nivå i Parisavtalet kan översättas till nationella målsättningar för utsläppsminskningar. Det är i grunden en värderingsfråga och en politisk avvägning hur de globala utsläppsminskningarna ska fördelas över världens nationer samt hur Parisavtalet och Klimatkonventionens mål och principer bör tolkas för svenska målsättningar. Forskare och analytiker har däremot bidragit med konsekvensanalyser av olika metoder och principer för att fördela utsläppsutrymmet, som även har diskuterats inom klimatförhandlingarna. Globala genomsnittliga netto-utsläpp av växthusgaser om -0,3 till 3,3 ton CO2e per person år 2050 kan vara i linje med Parisavtalets temperaturmål, se första spannet i figuren ovan som är baserat på IPCC:s scenarier. Detta gäller dock under förutsättningen att utsläppen redan från 2020 minskar i linje med respektive scenario och att respektive scenarios behov av negativa utsläpp möts. En högre utsläppsnivå omkring 2050, och långsammare utsläppsminskningstakt fram till dess, förutsätter betydande netto-negativa utsläpp efter 2050 om ambitionen är att långsiktigt begränsa den globala medeltemperaturökningen till 1,5°C. Det är därför viktigt att ta hänsyn till utsläppskurvan från nu fram till ett eventuellt målår f
|
|
| 46. |
- Lindholm, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth heterogeneity in broiler breeder pullets is settled before the onset of feed restriction but is not predicted by size at hatch
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - Champaign, IL, United States : American Society of Animal Science. - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 95:1, s. 182-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uniform growth is a desirable trait in all large-scale animal production systems because it simplifies animal management and increases profitability. In parental broiler flocks, so-called broiler breeders, low growth uniformity is largely attributed to the feed competition that arises from quantitatively restricted feeding. As feed restriction is crucial to maintaining healthy and fertile breeders, several practices for reducing feed competition and the associated growth heterogeneity have been suggested and range from nutrient dilution by increasing fiber content in feed to intermittent fasting with increased portion size (“skip a day”), but no practice appears to be entirely effective. The fact that a large part of the heterogeneity remains even when feed competition is minimized suggests that some growth variation is caused by other factors. We investigated whether this variation arises during embryonic development (as measured by size at hatch) or during posthatch development by following the growth and body composition of birds of varying hatch sizes. Our results support the posthatch alternative, with animals that later grow to be small or large (here defined as >1 SD lighter or heavier than mean BW of the flock) being significantly different in size as early as 1 d after gaining access to feed (P < 0.05). We then investigated 2 possible causes for different postnatal growth: that high growth performance is linked 1) to interindividual variations in metabolism (as measured by cloacal temperature and verified by respirometry) or 2) to higher levels of social motivation (as measured in a social reinstatement T-maze), which should reduce the stress of being reared in large-scale commercial flocks. Neither of these follow-up hypotheses could account for the observed heterogeneity in growth. We suggest that the basis of growth heterogeneity in broiler breeder pullets may already be determined at the time of hatch in the form of qualitatively different maternal investments or immediately thereafter as an indirect result of differences in incubation conditions, hatching time, and resulting fasting time. Although this potential difference in maternal investment is not seen in body mass, tarsometatarsal length, or full body length of day-old chicks arriving at the farm, it may influence the development of differential feed and water intake during the first day of feeding, which in turn has direct effects on growth heterogeneity.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Linne, Mark, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Correlation of Internal Flow and Spray Breakup for a Fuel Injector Used in Ship Engines
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 8th US National Combustion Meeting. - 9781627488426 ; 2, s. 1150-1157
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A full-scale fuel injector for a large marine engine has been studied inside an optically accessible, high pressure spray research chamber. The injector tip was made of quartz and it had two holes oriented nearly normal to the injector centerline. Realistic nozzle internal flow passages were used, but a Scania XPI injector body delivered the fuel. The injector body was mounted in the side of the high pressure and temperature spray chamber at Chalmers (one of the windows was replaced), and the jets it produced pointed downward into a spray catch facility. Commercially available Diesel fuel was provided by an accumulator at 110 bar delivery-line pressure. The spray was ejected into flowing air at room temperature and pressures of 10 bar (to achieve relevant cavitation numbers), with injection durations on the order of hundreds of ms. The steady flow portion of the injection process was studied. Internal flow was observed using white light imaging, while spray breakup dynamics were observed using a Ti:sapphire laser-based, time gated ballistic imaging system. Spray dynamics were also studied using a spray impingement measurement inside the chamber. The internal and external (near field breakup) flows seemed to be correlated. Under high levels of cavitation the spray appears to break up similar to an aerated spray, producing a dense field of large primary drops at a fairly large spray angle. Under non-cavitating conditions the spray seems to break up similar to a more classical Diesel injector; including such features as an intact core, surface waves, some bag breakup, and what appears to be air entrainment.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Lundh Snis, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancing Quality through Work Integrated Learning and Collaboration Partnership
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Work Integrated Learning. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789189325302 ; , s. 90-91
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For Sweden to be able to compete in the global economy, our students with a degree from higher education must be ready for a career in working life. Today's work life is facing a major ongoing transformation, characterized by increased complexity, higher specialization, and digitalization. This demands competencies beyond traditional theoretical knowledge, such as preparing for uncertainty and unknown outcomes (Barnett, 2000; Vallo Hult & Byström, 2021). Therefore, it is essential to engage students in learning to learn, i.e., lifelong learning so that the tools and methods for learning in higher education can also be developed through future work (Billett, 2014; Islind, Norström, Vallo Hult, & Ramadani Olsson, 2021). For University West, this means that our education programs must be developed in collaboration with industry partners from the surrounding society to provide arelevant and attractive education, which corresponds to the labour market's long-term competence needs. We want our students to develop abilities and skills that enable them to be part of and drive sustainable societal development in practice.Work Integrated Learning (WIL) is University West's overarching profile, based on the concept of advanced knowledge – characterized by complex problem solving – and the mutual acknowledgment of advanced knowledge within the academy and among its partners. What characterizes WIL at University West is that we have developed and refined a combination of different approaches over a long period, including research -based WIL, through fundamental learning concepts such as socio- cultural, critical and action-oriented learning theories. These influences have shaped WIL at University West into a dynamic and academic area of knowledge and subject. In order to achieve a strategic and qualitative development of work-integrated learning, the University West Board decided to WIL-certify all educational programs with a clear sustainability perspective. The quality processis called the WIL certification process. It has now been developed at the university fortwo years.Experience andrefinements are ready to mature into an overall quality framework worth conceptualizing and disseminating to more universities that systematically want to develop WIL as an explicit quality dimension in higher educa tion. The project is still ongoing but have generated some preliminary findings and outcomes from the initial phase. Data collection activities include workshops and focus groups with selected participants from the target groups at the university (managers/prefects and teachers) as well as at the collaborative partner organization (managers and supervisors/mentors). The focus of the workshops was placed on capturing the participants understanding and perspectives on WIL as a concept, and to map the conditions for and experiences of conducting WIL in teaching and learning at work. We aim for identifying good (or less good) examples of WIL, what they are, how they are understood and why they are (or are not) important.The purpose of this paper is to describe the lessons learned so far and present a conceptual quality framework for WIL in higher education with a clear connection to sustainable development. The quality framework may function as a mediating “support object” between higher education institutions, industry partners, and actors in the surrounding society to promote WIL concepts and experiences in collaboration strategies.
|
|
