SwePub - search: WFRF:(Hulten Johan)

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1.	Andersson, Mats, et al. (author) Road Friction Estimation 2007 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract This project is part of the Swedish IVSS program. The aim of IVSS is to stimulate research and development for the road safety of the future. Road conditions with low friction have been identified as a frequent cause of traffic accidents. Therefore, technology to automaticallydetect changes in road conditions and alert the driver or take proper actions with active driver support systems would be a key contribution to increased road safety.The aim of this project was to investigate the possibilities to estimate the tire to road friction.Three different approaches have been developed and evaluated, from concept to early prototypes in test vehicles. In the first method, the estimation of the coefficient of friction is based on the forces and torques that are produced at the front tires at cornering maneuvers.The second method is based on a physical model of the tire behavior and estimates road friction from information on the forces that are produced at straight driving. The third method is based on an optical sensor that classifies the road surface ahead of the vehicle.The three methods have been successfully evaluated in proving ground and public road tests in summer and winter conditions with different tires, and have been compared with reference measurements. The conclusion is that all three methods can be used for tire to road frictionestimation and are recommended for further development and industrialization.
2.	Ersmark, Karolina, et al. (author) C2-symmetric inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin II : synthesis and theoretical predictions 2003 In: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 11:17, s. 3723-3733 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A series of C(2)-symmetric compounds with a mannitol-based scaffold has been investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, as Plm II inhibitors. Four different stereoisomers with either benzyloxy or allyloxy P1/P1' side chains were studied. Computational ranking of the binding affinities of the eight compounds was carried out using the linear interaction energy (LIE) method relying on a complex previously determined by crystallography. Within both series of isomers the theoretical binding energies were in agreement with the enzymatic measurements, illustrating the power of the LIE method for the prediction of ligand affinities prior to synthesis. The structural models of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes obtained from the MD simulations provided a basis for interpretation of further structure-activity relationships. Hence, the affinity of a structurally similar ligand, but with a different P2/P2' substituent was examined using the same procedure. The predicted improvement in binding constant agreed well with experimental results.
3.	Ersmark, Karolina, et al. (author) C2-Symmetric Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Plasmepsin II : Synthesis and Theoretical Predictions 2003 In: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - 0968-0896. ; 11:17, s. 3723-3733 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
4.	Ersmark, Karolina, et al. (author) C2-Symmetric Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Plasmepsin II: Synthesis and Theoretical Predictions 2003 In: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. ; 11, s. 3723- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
5.	Ersmark, Karolina E, et al. (author) New potent inhibitors of the malarial aspartyl proteases plasmepsin I and II devoid of cathepsin D inhibitory activity Other publication (other academic/artistic)
6.	Ersmark, Karolina, et al. (author) Potent inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum enzymes plasmepsin I and II devoid of cathepsin D inhibitory activity 2004 In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 47:1, s. 110-22 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
7.	Hultén, Anders, 1757-1831 (author) De æterna Dei prædestinatione specimen theologico-dogmaticum. Cujus partem primam ... præside doct. Andrea Hultén ... pro candidatura theologica p.p. mag. Johan. Adolphus Säve ... gothlandus. In audit. Gustav. die II april. MDCCCXXV., P. 1 1825 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)
8.	Hultén, Johan, et al. (author) Cyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors derived from mannitol : synthesis, inhibitory potencies, and computational predictions of binding affinities 1997 In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 40:6, s. 885-897 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Ten C-2-symmetric cyclic urea and sulfamide derivatives have been synthesized from L-mannonic gamma-lactone and D-mannitol. The results of experimental measurement of their inhibitory potencies against HIV-1 protease were compared to calculated free energies of binding derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The compounds were selected, firstly, to enable elucidation of the role of stereochemistry for binding affinity (1a-d) and, secondly, to allow evaluation of the effects of variation in the link to the P1 and P1' phenyl groups on affinity (la and 2-5). Thirdly, compounds with hydrogen bond-accepting or -donating groups attached to the phenyl groups in the P2 and P2' side chains (6 and 7) were selected. Binding free energies were estimated by a linear response method, whose predictive power for estimating binding affinities from MD simulations was demonstrated.
9.	Hultén, Johan, et al. (author) Potential för ökad återanvändning – fallstudie återvinningscentraler Återanvändbara produkter och farliga ämnen i avfall 2018 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Plockanalys innebär en metodisk eftersortering av avfall. I projektet gjorde vi uppdelning i olika produktgrupper och utefter potential för återanvändning. Avfallet samlades in från två återvinningscentraler, höst och vår, från fyra olika insamlingsfraktioner. Mätning med XRF-skanner av drygt 300 produkter utfördes vid plockanalyserna, varav 30 produkter även analyserades på laboratorium. Farliga ämnen hittades i många produkter, men i små mängder.
10.	Palmberg, Lars Johan, 1713-1804 (author) Dissertatio theologica, de mutuo influxu theologiæ dogmaticæ et moralis, cujus partem priorem, suffragante max. vener. theologorum ordine, in illustri academia Upsal. ad publicum examen deferunt, m. Laur. Jo. Palmberg ... & respondens, Petrus Hultén, sudermannus, stip. reg. In audit. Gust. majori, die XXXI maji, MDCCXCIV, P.1 1794 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)
11.	Voronov, Alexey, et al. (author) Radar reflecting pavement markers for vehicle automation 2016 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Dependable and fail-safe control of autonomous vehicles requires multiple independent sensors for lane detection and positioning. From analysis of modern sensing technologies, we conclude that radars are underutilized for positioning, and that they might be an enabling technology for achieving safety requirements posed by the standard ISO 26262. To fully utilize the radar potential, we have conducted a pre-study of equipping infrastructure with radar reflectors. We estimate that such reflectors should be installed in the lane markings, about 20-25 meters apart and with some kind of identification. We propose to design and evaluate a combi-reflector based on the traditional cat’s eye design, which will be detectable both by human drivers, radars and lidars. Furthermore, the combi-reflector can be equipped with a magnet for in-vehicle electromagnetic field sensor. From the redundancy evaluation performed, we conclude that the proposed solution increases the level of redundancy significantly. Therefore, the proposed solution could be an enabler for autonomous driving.
12.	Ahlsén, Göran, et al. (author) Resistance profiles of cyclic and linear inhibitors of HIV-1 protease 2002 In: Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy. - 0956-3202 .- 2040-2066. ; 13:1, s. 27-37 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Resistance to anti-HIV protease drugs is a major problem in the design of AIDS drugs with long-term efficacy. To identify structural features associated with a certain resistance profile, the inhibitory properties of a series of symmetric and asymmetric cyclic sulfamide, cyclic urea and linear transition-state analogue inhibitors of HIV-1 protease were investigated using wild-type and mutant enzyme. To allow a detailed structure-inhibition analysis, enzyme with single, double, triple and quadruple combinations of G48V, V82A, 184V and L90M substitutions was used. Kinetic analysis of the mutants revealed that catalytic efficiency was 1-30% of that for the wild-type enzyme, a consequence of reduced kcat in all cases and an increased KM for all mutants except for the G48V enzyme. The overall structure-inhibitory profiles of the cyclic compounds were similar, and the inhibition of the V82A, 184V and G48V/L90M mutants were less efficient than of the wild-type enzyme. The greatest increase in Ki was generally observed for the 184V mutant and least for the G48V/L90M mutant, and additional combinations of mutations did not result in improved inhibition profiles for the cyclic compounds. An extended analysis of additional mutants, and including a set of linear compounds, showed that the profile was unique for each compound, and did not reveal any general structural features associated with a certain inhibition profile. The effects of structural modifications in the inhibitors, or of mutations, were not additive and they differed depending on their context. The results demonstrate the difficulties in predicting resistance, even for closely related compounds, and designing compounds with improved resistance profiles.
13.	Alterman, Mathias, et al. (author) P1/P1' modified HIV protease inhibitors as tools in two new sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor screening assays 2001 In: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 13:2, s. 203-212 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The commonly used HIV-1 protease assays rely on measurements of the effect of inhibitions on the hydrolysis rate of synthetic peptides. Recently an assay based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was introduced. We have taken advantage of the fact that the SPR signal is proportional to the mass of the analyte interacting with the immobilised molecule and developed two new improved efficient competition assay methods. Thus, high molecular weight binders were used as amplifiers of the surface plasmon resonance signal. Linkers were attached by a Heck reaction to the para-positions of the P1/P1′ benzyloxy groups of a linear C2-symmetric C-terminal duplicated inhibitor to enable (a) biotin labelling or (b) direct immobilisation of the inhibitor to the biosensor surface matrix. The interaction properties of a series of 17 structurally diverse inhibitors was assessed and compared to previously reported data. The most sensitive assay was obtained by immobilising the enzyme and amplifying the signal with an antibody, giving a detection range between 0.1 nM and 10 μM. Immobilisation of the inhibitor resulted in a stable and durable surface but a narrower detection range (1–100 nM). The two competition assays are anticipated to be very suitable for fast screening of potential HIV inhibitors.
14.	Andersson, Tova, et al. (author) Ekonomisk jämförelse av två system för fastighetsnära insamling av avfall 2018 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Fyrfack och optibag är två system för fastighetsnära insamling (FNI) av förpacknings- och tidningsavfall samt matavfall. De är olika uppbyggda och har olika för- och nackdelar, vilket beskrivits i ett flertal tidigare rapporter. Fyrfacksystemet finns idag i 30 svenska kommuner och har utvecklats där under knappt två decennier, medan optibag varit vanligare i till exempel Norge och bara finns i tre svenska kommuner. Statistik och erfarenheter från optibag-systemet har varit mindre tillgängliga än för fyrfacksystemet, vilket försvårat jämförelser. Denna rapport bygger till stor del på data från rapporten Beräkning av avfallshanteringskostnader i svenska kommuner från Avfall Sverige. Dock används även uppdaterade data från Eskilstuna kommun, den enda i Sverige med lång erfarenhet av optibag-systemet. Genom att basera beräkningar på faktiska förhållanden i Eskilstuna erbjuder denna rapport en mer verklighetsnära uppskattning av kostnaderna för optibag-systemet och utgör därmed ett värdefullt komplement till tidigare rapporter. Speciellt för denna rapport är att kostnader beräknas utifrån två fall. Fall A – initiering, efterliknar situationen i Eskilstuna där befintliga kärl och insamlingsfordon kunde användas för optibag, vilket inte hade varit möjligt för fyrfacksystemet. I Fall B – barmark, beräknas kostnader om all utrustning hade köpts in ny i bägge systemen. Fall A representerar sannolikt förhållandena i många svenska kommuner som överväger att inför någon form av fastighetsnära insamling av förpacknings- och tidningsavfall samt matavfall. Optibag-systemet framstår som ett billigare system än fyrfack, sett till både investeringar och årskostnader, framförallt om befintliga kärl och fordon kan användas. Kapitalkostnaderna skiljer sig kraftigt mellan de två systemen medan driftkostnaderna är snarlika. Vilka kostnader som dominerar varierar stort mellan systemen, sorteringsanläggning och påsar för optibag eller kärl, fordon (inklusive drift) och eventuellt omlastningsstation för fyrfack. Möjligheten att påverka de kostnaderna varierar vilket gör att totala kostnader skulle se annorlunda ut i andra kommuner, resultaten är alltså inte helt generella. Att optibag-systement normalt inte hanterar glasförpackningar verkar inte vara ett avgörande problem ur användarsynpunkt eller sett till sorteringsgrad. Baserat på tillgänglig statistik verkar det som att sorteringsgraden över lag är bättre för fyrfacksystemet, men skillnaderna är små och påverkas även av lokala förhållanden såsom anslutningsgrad.
15.	Behre, Carl Johan, 1968, et al. (author) The reciprocal association of adipocytokines with insulin resistance and C-reactive protein in clinically healthy men 2005 In: Metabolism. - 0026-0495. ; 54:4, s. 439-44 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In experimental models, adiponectin improves and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ) impairs insulin action, and the expression of these adipocytokines seems to have a reciprocal regulation. The aim was to examine whether in a cross-sectional study, associations supporting this concept may be found in 58-year-old clinically healthy men, and also the relation to C-reactive protein (CRP). In 102 men, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was used to assess glucose infusion rate (GIR). Total body fat (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), plasma adiponectin (radioimmunoassay), TNF-alpha , and CRP (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were measured. Adiponectin correlated positively to GIR (r=0.33, P<.001) and negatively to total fat mass (r=-0.29, P=.004), whereas TNF- alpha showed reverse associations (r=-0.31, P<.01, and r=0.31, P<.01). Adiponectin and TNF- alpha were negatively correlated (-0.28, P=.006). An interaction term (TNF- alpha /adiponectin ratio) and body fat together explained 31.3% (P<.001) in GIR variability. The odds ratio for having insulin resistance was 9.3 (95% CI, 2.2-38.9) in subjects with TNF-alpha values above and adiponectin levels below the median, as compared to subjects with TNF- alpha values below and adiponectin levels above the median. Total fat and TNF-alpha , but not adiponectin, were significantly associated with log CRP (R2=20%, P<.001). In conclusion, this study in man showed that plasma adiponectin and TNF-alpha were independently and reversely associated with insulin resistance. C-reactive protein levels were related to TNF-alpha and obesity.
16.	Boström, Johan, 1978- (author) Att möjliggöra tekniklärande i konstruktionsaktiviteter : En aktionsforskningsstudie i förskolan 2022 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract This dissertation examines how technology learning is made possible through teacher-led construction activities in preschool. The dissertation also examines how the preschool teachers’ role and the design of the construction activities were affected by different historical and societal structures as well as the collaboration between research and practice.The dissertation is based on an action research study that was carried out with a group of preschool teachers in two preschool units. In order to develop the preschool practice, the group carried out three different construction activities that were videotaped and analyzed.The results of the dissertation indicate that the preschool teachers used a number of different technology didactic tools to support the children in their technology learning. At the same time, the results show that some children were given much more input in the problem-solving process that took place during the activities, while other children did not have that much of an opportunity for such influence. Both the children's ability to come up with suggestions for solutions and the preschool teachers' confirmation of the children played an important role in this process. The results also indicate that the preschool teachers' assumptions about technology, about the children, about the preschool and about their own role in the activities influenced their actions. The study shows that the design of the activities may be influenced by the history of construction activities in preschool, as well as the gender coding of the technology.In summary, this study indicates that taking on the role of the active and guiding adult in a construction activity is just the first step in creating activities that are as inclusive as possible. The preschool teacher also needs to reflect on how the staging of these activities facilitates or limits children's different actions. It is also important to understand how different choices (e.g., activities, tools, materials) affect the activities that are staged.The dissertation also shows that there may be tension between the researcher and the participants in an action research project in preschool. There may be power structures between researchers and participants that are not entirely easy to handle.
17.	Boström, Johan, et al. (author) Rethinking construction in preschool : discerning didactic strategies in Swedish preschool activities 2022 In: International journal of technology and design education. - : Springer. - 0957-7572 .- 1573-1804. ; 32, s. 2039-2061 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Even though construction tasks have a long history as an activity in the Swedish preschool, technology as a content matter (e.g., construction) is relatively new. Hence, preschool teachers are generally unsure of the content of technology and how to handle it from a teaching perspective. Thus, there is need for deeper understanding of how construction tasks in preschool can be enacted and what kind of premises are offered to the children. To investigate this, we took our stance in activity theory and the concepts of mediating artifacts, rules and division of labour. This helped us discern what type of instructional practices that were enacted by preschool teachers when working with construction tasks. Activity theory in combination with thematic analysis helped us distinguish four general didactic actions that the teachers used to bring about the construction task-to engage, to guide, to coordinate, to show. These four strategies were then formulated into specific technology didactic actions through the perspectives of technology as product, process and concepts.
18.	Boström, Johan, 1978- (author) Teknik i förskolan – att motverka traditionella könsroller : En aktionsforskningsstudie 2018 Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract This study shows that developing a gender sensitive technology education in apreschool setting is a very complex and multifaceted task. The preschool, andthe preschool teachers, are expected to help the children develop their technologicalawareness and interest in technology without being limited by traditionalperspectives on gender. However, as research has shown, teachers’ expectationsof children’s behaviour and interest in leisure time activities aregendered and reflect historically developed gendered roles in relation to technology.As this study shows there is a palpable risk of the preschool teacherson one hand focusing on girls and boys as homogenous groups, where a singleindividual gets to represent the group as a whole; and on the other hand, missinggender structures if the mindset is that gender does not factor into theirtreatment of the children at all – that they, automatically in their role astechers, act gender neutral. In this study, the pedagogical conversation wasimportant for the teachers possibility to reflect about their own preconceptions.However, the conversation did not seem to be enough, it was also importantfor the teachers to get to see and reflect on how they actually interactedwith the children in the technological activities. Only then did the teachersactually start to question their preconceptions and began to discuss new waysof acting.
19.	Boström, Johan, et al. (author) Who counts? : Legitimate solutions in construction activities in preschool 2023 In: International journal of technology and design education. - : Springer. - 0957-7572 .- 1573-1804. ; 33, s. 1309-1344 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract As has been pointed out in previous research, teacher-led learning plays an important role in developing preschool children's technological skills and technological self-esteem. What is missing in research are more detailed analysis of how the children's and teachers' actions and interactions shape the learning process. In order to study this within the field of construction, an action research project was conducted, where construction activities were developed, implemented and revised in an iterative procedure. Data from the second cycle were analyzed for this article using graphic transcriptions and multimodal analysis, with a focus on action, interaction and experience from a pragmatist perspective. Our findings show that children who quickly and decisively engage with the material, the teachers and their peers in suggesting which material to use and/or how the material can be used, end up in a central role in the design process. These children (or their actions) often get legitimized by the teachers. Thus, in order to give children access to equal opportunities in the construction activities, it is important for teachers to understand how the children's construction-focused actions become constitutive and what their role in that process is.
20.	Bruzelius, Fredrik, et al. (author) Experimental Validation of the Brush Tire Model 2007 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The paper presents an experimental validation of the physically based brush-tire model towards the tire behavior in a number of different realistic conditions. Results are presented of measurements performed with summer, winter and studded tires on different road foundations such as wet and dry asphalt, basalt, snow and ice. The purpose behind the validation is to study the possibilities to use the brush model to estimate the friction coefficient from measurements or estimates of the longitudinal tire forces and tire slip. The article both validates the model agreement and investigates the sensitivity of the included tire parameters toward various factors that may change during normal run of the vehicle. The study has been performed within the Road Friction Estimation project that has been a part the IVSS-program financed by the Swedish government and a framework of automotive related companies. The measurements were conducted by VTI, the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute using the test truck BV12.
21.	Brännström, Mattias, et al. (author) Rear end collision mitigation system for an automotive vehicle : patent pending 2006 Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract The present invention relates to a system (1) and method for autonomous rear impact mitigation in a host vehicle (2) having a brake system (4) and a steering system (5). The relative motion parameters between the host vehicle (2) and a second vehicle (11) behind the host vehicle (2) are established. While the host vehicle (2) has a positive velocity, the brake system (4) of the host vehicle (2) is selectively activated based on the determined relative motion parameters.
22.	Bäckbro, Kristina, et al. (author) Cyclic urea and sulfamide-based inhibitors of HIV-1 protease: Changes in binding mode upon modifications in the P1/P1 side chain 1998 In: Antiviral Research. - 0166-3542 .- 1872-9096. ; 37, s. A56-A56 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
23.	Bäckbro, Kristina, et al. (author) Unexpected binding mode of a cyclic sulfamide HIV-1 protease inhibitor 1997 In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 40:6, s. 898-902 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Two cyclic, C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors, one sulfamide and one urea derivative, both comprising phenyl ether groups in the P1/P1‘ positions, were cocrystallized with HIV-1 protease, and the crystal structures were determined to 2.0 Å resolution. The structure of the urea 2 showed a conformation similar to that reported for the related urea 3 by Lam et al., while the sulfamide 1 adopted an unanticipated conformation in which the P1‘ and P2‘ side chains were transposed.
24.	Fagerberg, Björn, 1943, et al. (author) C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in relation to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, smoking and atherosclerosis. 2008 In: Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; , s. 1-8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives . To examine the hypothesis that serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) is inversely associated with insulin sensitivity and obesity, and that this may by mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Material and methods . Cross-sectional, one-center study of a population-based sample of 58-year-old Swedish men (n = 98). Exclusion criteria were cardiovascular disease, clinical diabetes mellitus and/or continuous cardiovascular medication. Glucose infusion-rate (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp), adjusted for fat-free mass, which together with total body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum concentrations of CRP, TNFalpha, soluble TNFalpha receptor 2 (sTNFAR2), IL-6 determined by ELISA. Ultrasound was used to measure intima-media thickness (IMT) in both common carotid arteries, carotid bulbs and in the right femoral artery. Results . CRP was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (r = -0.28, p<0.01) and with total body fat (r = 0.31, p<0.01), but not independently of the TNFalpha and sTNFAR2 product. Serum CRP, TNFalpha, sTNFAR2, but not IL-6, were associated with low insulin sensitivity, total body fat, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol and small LDL particles, i.e. the metabolic syndrome. These associations were independent of smoking and carotid and femoral artery IMT. Conclusions . Serum concentrations of CRP were related to insulin sensitivity and accompanying factors constituting the metabolic syndrome. The results indicate that this association may be mediated by adipose tissue and TNFalpha effects, the latter measured as the product of TNFalpha and sTNFAR2. This was a cross-sectional study and causality cannot be proven.
25.	Fagman, Johan Bourghardt, 1980, et al. (author) Possible mechanisms for the anti-atherogenic effect of the estradiol metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol 2008 In: 14th Annual Scandinavian Atheroclserosis Conference, Humlebæk, Denmark. Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
26.	Fråne, Anna, et al. (author) Framtida avfallsmängder och avfallsbehandlingskapacitet 2017 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract SMED har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket uppskattat hur stor mängd avfall som förväntas uppkomma fram till 2030 baserat på prognos från Konjunkturinstitutet för 2035. SMED har även satt de förväntade avfallsmängderna i relation till befintlig och planerad avfallsbehandlingskapacitet i Sverige för samma period, och bedömt huruvida behandlingskapaciteten är tillräcklig för att ta hand om de avfallsmängder som förväntas uppkomma. Hur avfall kommer att behandlas i framtiden beror dels på vilka styrmedel som sätts in både nationellt och på EU-nivå, dels på hur marknaderna för avfall och för sekundära råvaror utvecklas.Storleksordningen på den sammanlagda deponikapaciteten i Sverige är svårbedömd. SMED uppskattar dock att återstående kapacitetet väl överstiger de avfallsmängder som deponeras idag och att det finns en återstående kapacitet som räcker längre än till 2030.SMED bedömer att kapaciteten för att använda avfall som bränsle fram till 2030 är tillräcklig för att täcka det svenska behovet förutsatt att befintlig kapacitet behålls. Idag byggs kapaciteten ut. Rötningskapaciteten kommer sannolikt, precis som idag, vara beroende av ekonomiska styrmedel för att nå lönsamhet. Idag sker dock en utbyggnad av rötningskapacitet, vilket är ett tecken på att branschen tror på en långsiktig lönsamhet.Marknadsförhållanden gör att materialåtervinning av svenskt aluminiumskrot, järn- och stålskrot samt returpapper sker både i Sverige och utomlands samtidigt som råvarorna både importeras och exporteras till och från Sverige. Handeln innebär en flexibilitet och att materialåtervinningen inte är beroende av att behandlingskapaciteten finns i just Sverige. Om mer avfall uppkommer i Sverige skulle det potentiellt kunna ersätta importerade mängder. Sverige har för tillfället inte tillräcklig kapacitet för att producera sekundär plastråvara av insamlade plastförpackningarna, export till Tyskland förekommer redan idag. Materialåtervinningskapaciteten för glasförpackningar kommer sannolikt fortsätta finnas i Sverige.
27.	Hartford, Marianne, 1944, et al. (author) C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the prediction of late outcome events after acute coronary syndromes 2007 In: J Intern Med. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 262:5, s. 526-536 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective. We investigated whether levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-I) predict late outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Design. Prospective longitudinal study. CRP (mg L(-1)), IL-6 (pg mL(-1)), sPLA(2)-IIA (ng mL(-1)) and ICAM-1 (ng mL(-1)) were measured at days 1 (n = 757) and 4 (n = 533) after hospital admission for ACS. Their relations to mortality and rehospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure (CHF) were determined. Setting. Coronary Care Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Subjects. Patients with ACS alive at day 30; median follow-up 75 months. Results. Survival was related to day 1 levels of all markers. After adjustment for confounders, CRP, IL-6 and ICAM-1, but not sPLA(2)-IIA, independently predicted mortality and rehospitalization for CHF. For CRP, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.3 for mortality (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-1.5, P = 0.003) and 1.4 for CHF (95% CI: 1.1-1.9, P = 0.006). For IL-6, HR was 1.3 for mortality (95% CI: 1.1-1.6, P < 0.001) and 1.4 for CHF (95% CI: 1.1-1.8, P = 0.02). For ICAM-1, HR was 1.2 for mortality (95% CI: 1.0-1.4, P = 0.04) and 1.3 for CHF (95% CI: 1.0-1.7, P = 0.03). No marker predicted MI. Marker levels on day 4 provided no additional predictive value. Conclusions. In patients with ACS, CRP, IL-6, sPLA(2)-IIA and ICAM-1 are associated with long-term mortality and CHF, but not reinfarction. CRP, IL-6 and ICAM-1 provide prognostic information beyond that obtained by clinical variables.
28.	Hartford, Marianne, 1944, et al. (author) CRP, interleukin-6, secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during the early phase of acute coronary syndromes and long-term follow-up 2006 In: Int J Cardiol. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. ; 108:1, s. 55-62 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine the time course of the inflammatory response in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to assess the markers of inflammation and their relation to disease severity. METHODS: We prospectively studied 134 patients with ACS who survived for at least 30 months. The patients were divided into four groups: acute myocardial infarction (MI) with (n=54) or without (n=46) ST-segment elevation and unstable angina with (n=14) or without (n=20) increased risk. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured on days 1 and 4 and after 3 and 30 months. RESULTS: The highest levels of CRP and sPLA(2)-IIA were seen on day 4 but for IL-6 on day 1. These three markers, but not ICAM-1, were significantly related to disease severity, CKMB, and ejection fraction. Patients in Killip class II-IV had higher levels than those in Killip class I. The individual acute-phase responses correlated with marker levels at 3 and 30 months. ICAM-1 correlated with the development of congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: In ACS there seems to be an individual predisposition to inflammatory response. Plasma IL-6 is the first marker to rise, while sPLA(2)-IIA and CRP peak later. All three markers, especially CRP, may discriminate between MI and non-MI. ICAM-1 seems to reflect other aspects of the inflammatory processes than the other markers. The results emphasize the complexity of the inflammatory response in ACS and stress the need for further studies involving multiple markers.
29.	Hartford, Marianne, 1944, et al. (author) Interleukin-18 as a Predictor of Future Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. 2010 In: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1524-4636 .- 1079-5642. ; 30:10, s. 2039-2046 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the short- and long-term prognostic significance of interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients hospitalized with ACS (median age, 66 years; 30% females), we evaluated associations of serum IL-18 levels from day 1 (n=1261) with the short- (<3 months) and long-term (median, 7.6 years) risk of death, development of congestive heart failure (CHF), and myocardial infarction (MI). IL-18 was not significantly associated with short-term mortality. In the long term, IL-18 levels were significantly related to all-cause mortality, even after adjustment for clinical confounders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.33; P=0.002). Long-term, cardiovascular mortality was univariately related to IL-18, and the adjusted relation between noncardiovascular mortality and IL-18 was highly significant (HR, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.67; P=0.003). IL-18 independently predicted CHF, MI, and cardiovascular death/CHF/MI in both the short and long term. Measurements from day 1 of ACS and 3 months after ACS had a similar power to predict late outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of the measurement of IL-18 to clinical variables improved the prediction of risk of all-cause and noncardiovascular mortality. The association between IL-18 and noncardiovascular mortality is intriguing and warrants further study.
30.	Hultén, Johan, et al. (author) Cyclic 7-membered sulfamide HIV-1 protease inhibitors 1998 In: Antiviral Research. - 0166-3542 .- 1872-9096. ; 37, s. A57-A57 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
31.	Hultén, Johan (author) Cyclic sulfamides as HIV-1 protease inhibitors : Synthesis, X-ray structure analysis and structure-activity relationship 1999 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the causative agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Inhibition of HIV-1 protease leads to immature and non-infectious viral particles. The synthesis of a number of cyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors and the subsequent evaluation in an enzyme assay is presented in this thesis. A centrally positioned water molecule (W301), unique to retroviral proteases, guided the design ofthe inhibitors.A synthetic procedure utilising carbohydrates as chiral starting materials has been used to gain control of the stereochemistry of the target compounds. Synthesis of four C2-symmetric cyclic urea inhibitors revealed the importance of correct stereochemistry in rigid cyclic structures for activity. According to the X-ray crystal structures of the cyclic inhibitors, in complex with the protease, a displacement of the water molecule W301 by aurea carbonyl, or alternatively by a sulfamide group was accomplished. Changing the water-mimicking group from urea to sulfamide resulted in an unexpected non-symmetric binding mode as deduced from comparison of the X-ray crystal structure of a urea and a sulfamide inhibitor in complex with the protease. A small X-ray structure of a sulfamide inhibitor in absence of the protease established that thenon-symmetric conformation of the inhibitor was an inherent feature of the sulfamide scaffold and not induced by the protease.In an attempt to establish the structure activity relationship (SAR) of the sulfamide class of inhibitors, symmetric and non-symmetrically substituted sulfamide inhibitors were prepared. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed to rationalise the SAR and give a model of predictive value. The cyclic inhibitors wereevaluated against a series of mutant forms of the protease and found to have a considerably lower affinity towards I84V and V82A than towards the wild type enzyme.
32.	Hultén, Johan, 1966 (author) Drum Brake Squeal 1998 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Drum brake squeal is a common discomfort. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the mechanisms that generate drum brake squeal and to create a base for the search for solutions. A series of steps towards the understanding of these mechanisms are taken. Firstly, a simple model for friction-induced vibration is presented. The solutions to this model might be unstable in spite of a constant coefficient of friction. The essential thing observed is that a coupling between different modes is necessary to form instabilities. The coupling is shown to be between two translational degrees of freedom. Secondly, the mathematical model for friction-induced vibration is refined to take the flexibility of the drum, shoes and linings into account. This model is used to study the mechanisms that couple modes. The analysis shows that there are four mechanisms present in generating drum brake squeal. These mechanisms all occur owing to lining deformations, and the instability type is given the name "Lining Deformation Induced Instabilities". The mechanisms create waves that move in different directions. In a squealing brake, all the waves are superposed, which leads the solution towards a standing wave. A standing wave or synchronous vibration is always stable, and if a pure synchronous vibration is created, the noise would be eliminated at the source. The experimental partt of the investigation concerns the measurement of the vibration of a drum brake. The deflection shape is measured in operation, i.e. while the vehicle is running on a test ground. The deflection shape covers radial vibrations of the drum as well as radial and tangential vibrations of the leading shoe. The accelerometers are distributed both axially and tangentially on both the shoe and the drum. Finally, a finite element model for friction-induced vibration and noise generation is used to study the influence of different self-excitations on drum brake squeal. The model is semi-three-dimensional, with a two-dimensional drum and three-dimensional shoes. A contact element is derived that takes the friction variation into account as well as follower forces and negative .my.-velocity slope. For the brake analyzed, the results are: "Stick-Slip" is impossible for vehicle speeds over 0.04 km/h. The destabilizing effect of the "Negative .my.-Velocity Slope" is less than the stabilizing effect of the material damping of the parts. "Self-Locking" is shown to be impossible. The "Lining Deformation Induced Instability" type results in great squeal propensity. The instabilities from "Follower Forces" are negligible. The rotation of the drum gives frequency shifts that stabilize the brake. The frequencies and mode shapes generated from the model with the lining deformation induced instability type show very good agreement with the measured ones. With the knowledge of the mechanisms behind and characteristics of drum brake squeal, a set of solution classes is outlined. A series of examples is given to show the usefulness of such classes as an aid in the creative process of generating solution principles.
33.	Hultén, Johan, et al. (author) Food Redistribution in the Nordic Region - Phase II: Identification of best practice models for enhanced food redistribution 2016 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Food waste reduction is an area of growing importance among the Nordic governments as well as at the EU level. The Nordic Council of Ministers has published several reports in recent years as part of the Green Growth Program, showing the amounts of food wasted and proposing technical and organizational solutions to the problems of food waste. Based on previous work done in the Nordic Food Redistribution Project, this report investigates best practice models among donors, receivers and authorities and proposes concrete steps towards safe and comprehensive systems for food redistribution through food banks and direct redistribution. This report summarizes results from phase II in the Nordic project on food redistribution through food banks and direct redistribution (referred to as the Nordic food redistribution project). The project is initiated by the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Green Growth program and financed by the Food and Agriculture program. The Green Growth program aims at greening the Nordic economies through eight prioritized areas, one of which is to develop techniques and methods for waste treatment. Viewing food redistribution as a method for reducing food waste, the food redistribution project falls within the scope of this prioritized area.
34.	Hultén, Johan, et al. (author) Inhibitors of the C(2)-symmetric HIV-1 protease: nonsymmetric binding of asymmetric cyclic sulfamide with ketoxime groups in the P2/P2' side chains 1999 In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 42:20, s. 4054-4061 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
35.	Hultén, Johan, et al. (author) New food waste data for reference year 2022 from manufacturing sector and from retail and distribution sector in Sweden : Deliverable “D1.1 Project report” of the project SWEFOODWASTE 2023 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract The purpose of this project was to improve the capacity and quality of food waste reporting in Sweden, specifically for two sectors: Processing and Manufacturing, and Retail and other distribution of food.During the first reporting year (reference year 2020) of the collection of food waste data, several challenges were found within these two sectors. In the Processing and Manufacturing sector, there was a need for improvement due to uncertainties according to the EU food waste definition in terms of what residues ought to be classified as food waste, food loss, by-product or other waste. There were also uncertainties how water content should be reported according to the EU food waste reporting obligation. For the Retail and other distribution of food sector, data from only few actors were available for wholesalers, convenience stores, and e-stores which affected data quality.Processing and ManufacturingTo improve reporting and data quality from the food processing and manufacturing sector, a survey was produced asking about food waste and other residues that may constitute food losses. This was to get self-reported data from a large random sample of respondents and to better understand food loss and waste flows in this sector.The survey of Processing and Manufacturing revealed a large volume of previously unknown food waste. 305 000 tonnes of food waste were reported for reference year 2022 compared to 53 000 tonnes for 2020. This is attributed to a better representation of the reality rather than an actual increase in food waste generation.Amounts of food losses seem to be even larger. However, these amounts are also very uncertain due to few respondents from most sectors. Apart from food waste, the dairy and ice cream sector accounted for 180 500 tonnes of food loss, which mainly is whey that goes to feed. Food loss from other sectors cannot be published due to high uncertainties and risk or revealing respondents.The new results on food waste generation, corresponding to 29 kg food waste per capita 2022, align better with international figures. In a European context, the Swedish food waste generation in the industry was low, with 5 kg per capita in 2020 compared to the EU27 average of 27 kg per capita.The new method of self-reporting by respondents improves the accuracy of results, as they know their own operations best. However, there was a challenge in aligning the new EU common definition of food waste with the common understanding of food waste in the Swedish food sector.The different types of food waste to include in the food waste definition were broadened to better align with the intent of EU legislation. The EU definition was for this study interpreted to include most parts of animals and plants that have entered processing as food and become waste. This is a change from former interpretation and the main reason for accounting larger amounts of food waste than previous years. The survey was also designed to enable the distribution of the resulting quantities between different subsectors of manufacturing and processing, as they are grouped by “NACE-codes” in the Business register. Retail and other distribution of foodMost national and regional wholesalers, convenience store chains and e-stores were contacted but unfortunately only a few were able or willing to provide data. This study revealed 13 800 tonnes of food waste from these businesses 2022. This is less compared to 18 200 tonnes in 2021. Note that both these numbers exclude retail and that no scaling occurred for wholesale or e-stores. Although several smaller companies started sharing data, a few large wholesalers did not submit data for 2022 as in 2021 which is the reason for the decrease of reported amounts.Data collection in the wholesale sector yielded limited insights due to only a few companies providing data, and mostly aggregated data. This seems to be due to low technical maturity of their internal data collection and sharing. However, these companies collectively constitute a substantial portion of the wholesale sector in Sweden. It is challenging to precisely quantify their contribution, since many food industry and retail entities also engage in wholesale activities without being formally registered as wholesalers.Convenience stores provided data that could be upscaled to the national level together with data from retail, showing that these do not add up much food waste compared to retail stores. For specialized e-stores selling food, their contribution to food waste is estimated to be minimal, as their operational models and product types result in low waste generation compared to other retail sectors. A large portion of e-stores selling food are part of the retail sector and already included in reported food waste amounts from retail.
36.	Hultén, Johan, et al. (author) Plockanalyser av textilier i hushållens restavfall : En kartläggning av mängder och typ av kläder, hemtextilier och skor 2016 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Syftet med projektet ”Plockanalyser av textilier i hushållens restavfall” var att analysera vad för slags textilier som slängs i restavfallet samt uppdatera uppgifterna om hur stora mängder textilier och skor som på årsbasis slängs i hushållavfallets restfraktion (dvs. i praktiken går till energiåtervinning) i Sverige.En plockanalys innebär att insamlat avfall sorteras och protokollförs över vilka material avfallet innehåller. 391 plockanalyser utförda i svenska kommuner 2012 – 2014 användes för att beräkna genomsnittliga andelar textilier och skor i restavfallet samt totala mängder för Sverige.14 speciella plockanalyser utfördes inom projektet där skor och textilier sorterades upp i ett flertal underkategorier, alltså med högre detaljgrad än vad som i allmänhet görs i ”vanliga” plockanalyser. Det som undersökts var:• ”Speciella produktgrupper” i fyra olika kategorier textilier med förhöjd risk för innehåll av farliga ämnen, dvs. sport-, arbets-, regn- eller fritidskläder samt textil med plastigt tryck.• Undergrupperna kläder eller hemtextil• Skick, dvs. helt och oslitet samt trasigt eller slitet.• Materialslag, indelade i ett antal rena textilmaterial eller alternative tblandade och övriga textilmaterial.Att skor sorteras separat är inte standard vid plockanalys, varpå projektets 14 plockanalyser även utökades för att täcka in detta.Resultaten visar att mängden textilier i restavfallet ligger på cirka 7½ kg per person och år, vilket innebär totalt 72 000 ton i Sverige under ett år och representerar ungefär 5 kg årligen per person om man räknar bort det uppskattade bidraget från verksamheter. Det är sett till totalen en marginell och inte säkert fastställd minskning från den äldsta undersökningens cirka 8 kg. Skor utgör en betydligt mindre mängd än textilier, dvs. 1,0 kg per person eller 9800 ton i Sverige under ett år. De ”speciella produktgrupperna” uppskattas till cirka 5 100 ton av totala mängden textilier, främst dominerat av olika så kallade funktionsplagg.Bedömningen från projektets plockanalyser var att 59 procent av kläderna och hemtextilerna var i sådant skick att de skulle kunna användas igen, det vill säga hela och oslitna. Även skor i gott skick återfanns, men urvalet var alltför litet för att dra säkra slutsatser om andelen. Det bör alltså finnas potential att återanvända betydande delar av det som slängs i restavfallet samt att finna textil i ren bomull för materialåtervinning.
37.	Hultén, Johan (author) Report on the possibilities for re-use and recycling of the materials 2016 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract The construction sector in Europe is the largest user of material in the economy and the solid waste from the sector amounts to almost a third of all generated on the continent, not counting mining and quarrying. Much is landfilled, leading to unsustainable resource use. The OSIRYS project sets out to develop eco-innovative façade and inner partitioning products. They should improve indoor air quality, increase thermal and acoustic insulation and control breathability of the construction systems. Important constituents of the products are composites of natural fibres and bio-derived plastics, bio-composites. The objective of task 8.3 is to assess the reuse and recycling potential of OSIRYS products, both regarding design and necessary infrastructure. Recycling of bio-composites has been examined in lab studies and required reuse structures and recycling routes have been examined through literature studies and interviews. The conclusions in chapter 8 on how to enable reuse and recycling in a systems perspective are valid for many building products and should be considered in product development. Enabling reuse or recycling of building materials and products is a challenge. It put special requirements on product design as well as systems of services such as databases on product properties and quality assurance. There is a legal incentive to reuse and recycle through the European Construction Product Regulation and the Directive 2008/98/EC on Waste. Reuse of a product is usually preferable from an environmental point of view, but in some cases recycling may be more feasible from a practical and economical perspective.
38.	Hultén, Johan, 1966 (author) Some mechanisms generating drum brake squeal Johan Hultén 1994 Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)
39.	Hultén, Johan, 1966, et al. (author) Yaw stability control system 2011 Patent (other academic/artistic)abstract The present invention relates to a yaw stability control system for a vehicle using a steering system and a method of controlling by detecting the occurrence of understeer, determining the degree of understeer after the occurrence of understeer is detected determining if the determined degree of understeer exceeds a threshold value, saving the steering wheel torque value and steering wheel angle value when determined that a calculated drop in steering wheel torque exceeds the threshold value, calculating a guidance torque, a driver-intended steering wheel angle, and updating the steering wheel angle at the start of the guidance torque calculation, applying the guidance torque to the steering of the vehicle, and using the driver-intended steering wheel angle for yaw stability control.
40.	Hultén, Johan, 1966, et al. (author) Yaw Stability Control System 2009 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract The present invention relates is a yaw stability control system for a vehicle using a steering system and a method of controlling by detecting the occurrence of understeer, determining the degree of understeer after the occurrence of understeer is detected determining if the determined degree of understeer exceeds a threshold value, saving the steering wheel torque value and steering wheel angle value when determined that a calculated drop in steering wheel torque exceeds the threshold value, calculating a guidance torque, a driver-intended steering wheel angle, and updating the steering wheel angle at the start of the guidance torque calculation, applying the guidance torque to the steering of the vehicle, and using the driver-intended steering wheel angle for yaw stability control.Read more: http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20090271074#ixzz2qAmWySbh
41.	Jensen, Carl, et al. (author) Uppföljning av etappmålet för ökad resurshushållning i livsmedelskedjan : Data för år 2016 2017 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract I det här projektet har det gjorts en uppföljning av etappmålet för en ökad resurshushållning i livsmedelskedjan som lyder:"Insatser ska vidtas så att senast år 2018 sorteras minst 50 procent av matavfallet från hushåll, storkök, butiker och restauranger ut och behandlas biologiskt så att växtnäring tas tillvara, och minst 40 procent av matavfallet behandlas så att även energi tas tillvara". I praktiken innebär målformuleringen att av det uppkomna matavfallet från ovan nämnda av-fallskällor ska minst 50 procent rötas och/eller komposteras inklusive tillvaratagande av växt-näringsämnen där minst 40 procent av de uppkomna matavfallsmängderna måste rötas (tillvaratagande av energi) så att växtnäringen i matavfallet tas tillvara.Under 2012-2013 tog SMED, på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket, fram en metod och gav förslag på datakällor som kan användas för att följa upp etappmålet på ett kvalitetssäkert och kostnadseffektivt sätt. Resultatet från uppdraget finns i rapporten Beräkningsmetod för uppföljning av etappmålet om resurshushållning i livsmedelskedjan, biologisk återvinning (Jensen, m.fl. 2014). Med den rapporten som grund har en uppföljning av etappmålet gjorts baserat på 2016 års siffror.Uppföljningen visar att omkring 40 procent av det uppkomna matavfallet från konsumtionsle-det rötas och komposteras år 2016 så att växtnäringsämnen tas tillvara att jämföra med målet på 50 procent. Motsvarande andel som rötas och där återföring av näringsämnen och utvinning av energi sker uppgår till 32 procent år 2016, att jämföra med målet på 40 procent. Även om de insamlade matavfallsmängderna till biologisk behandling har ökat betydligt under de senare åren visar uppföljningen att Sverige idag är en bra bit ifrån att klara återvinningsmålet även om målet inte behöver vara uppfyllt förrän 2018.De faktorer som har störst potential att öka återvinningsgraden utifrån genomförd studie är:Öka mängden insamlat matavfall till biologisk behandling. Idag är den andelen om-kring 51 procent av de uppkomna matavfallsmängderna. I de hushåll som idag har möjlighet att sortera ut sitt matavfall finns det en stor potential att öka utsorteringen eftersom andelen matavfall i restavfallet i dessa hushåll är cirka 24 procent. Detta jämfört med omkring 37 procent i hushåll som inte har någon matavfallsinsamling.Minska rejektmängderna som uppstår vid förbehandlingen vid samrötningsanlägg-ningar. Denna andel är idag cirka 22 procent av insamlade mängder matavfall. Idag är det viktigaste att få en biogödsel med en så bra kvalitet och med så lite oönskade material som möjligt för att kunna återföra näringsämnen. Eftersom det idag inte finns någon teknik för att enbart ta bort oönskade material är det oundvikligt att matavfall hamnar i rejektet.Öka återföringen av rötslammet till åkermark, skogsmark, anläggningsjord m.m. från kommunala avloppsreningsverk. Idag är det omkring 70 procent av uppkomna mäng-der rötslam som avsätts på ett sådant sätt att det kan klassas som återföring av näringsämnen.
42.	Lemmen, Markus, et al. (author) ROLL STABILITY CONTROL AND ROLL-OVER MITIGATION BY STEERING ACTUATION 2007 Patent (other academic/artistic)abstract The invention relates to a method for reducing a risk of or avoiding a roll-over event of a vehicle, having means of an electronic controllable steering system and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit identifies the occurrence of the roll-over risk, such that control means generate a signal in order to steer the road wheels more into the direction in which the vehicle is tending to roll-over.
43.	Magnusson, Kerstin, et al. (author) Swedish sources and pathways for microplastics to the marine environment 2016 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has been assigned to identify important sources of microplastics in the sea and to work for reducing the production and emission of microplastics from these sources. Within the scope of this governmental assignment, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute has been funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to review the sources of microplastics and the pathways microplastics take to reach the sea. A range of potential sources for microplastics and the pathways by which microplastics can reach the sea were selected for the review. The sources included both intentionally produced plastic pellets and plastic particles formed from fragmentation of larger plastic items. The pathways were primarily stormwater, wastewater and atmospheric deposition. For sea-based sources particles are discharged directly to the sea. Information was collected from scientific articles, reports and through personal communication with experts in relevant areas. Where the available data allowed, calculations were done to quantify the amounts of microplastics. The most important emissions for microplastics were found to be from road wear and abrasion of tyres. Approximately 13 000 tons of microplastics are released from tyres every year. Since data on microplastic content in stormwater from roads is very scarce it is however uncertain how much of these particles that is transported to water recipients and how much that is permanently deposited in the ground close to the road. The same is true for artificial turfs where the estimated loss was 2 300-3 900 tons per year, but data on the load reaching the sea is completely lacking. Loss of industrially produced plastic pellets in connection to manufacture and handling was estimated to amount to between 300 and 530 tons per year, but also here the volumes discharged to the sea are unknown. For several sources suspected to contribute with large amounts of microplastics to the sea, data is so scarce that no estimations on emissions could be done. This is for example the case for important categories related to waste management, recycling and littering. In summary it can be concluded that Swedish coastal waters receive substantial amounts of microplastics from both land-based and sea-based sources. Quantitative data is often scarce or completely lacking and it is not possible to summarize the total Swedish discharge of microplastics to the sea. An attempt to rank the sources according to their contribution was made but it should be kept in mind that data suffers from a large degree of uncertainty. Additional studies are needed to improve the bases for further assessments, in particular on microplastics in stormwater from different surfaces and sources.
44.	Nillroth, Ulrika, et al. (author) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteinase resistance to symmetric cyclic urea inhibitor analogs 1997 In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 41:11, s. 2383-2388 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Resistant virus was isolated from virus propagated in cell culture in the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteinase inhibitor DMP 323, Ro 31-8959, or A-75925. The proteinase gene of resistant virus was sequenced, and key muta
45.	Nordanskog, Pia, et al. (author) Electroconvulsive Therapy in Sweden 2013 : Data From the National Quality Register for ECT 2015 In: Journal of ECT. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1095-0680 .- 1533-4112. ; 31:4, s. 263-267 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) varies across countries. The aim of this study was to describe and explore the use of ECT in Sweden in 2013.Methods: The Swedish mandatory patient register of the National Board of Health and Welfare includes information on diagnoses and treatments, including ECT. All 56 hospitals that provide ECT in Sweden also report to the nonmandatory national quality register for ECT, which contains information on patient and treatment characteristics. In this study, we combined data from both registers. In addition, all hospitals responded to a survey concerning equipment and organization of ECT.Results: We identified 3972 unique patients who received ECT in Sweden in 2013. This translates into 41 ECT-treated individuals per 100,000 inhabitants. Of these patients, 85% opted to participate in the quality register. The median age was 55 years (range, 15-94 years), and 63% were women. The indication was depression in 78% of the treatment series. Of 4 711 hospitalized patients with severe depression, 38% received ECT. The median number of treatments per index series was 7. Unilateral treatment was used in 86% of the series.Conclusions: In Sweden, ECT is used at a relatively high rate as compared with other western countries, and the rate was unchanged from the last survey in 1975. However, there is room for improvement in the specificity of use and availability of ECT for disorders where ECT is considered a first-line treatment.
46.	Perman, Jeanna, 1981, et al. (author) The VLDL receptor promotes lipotoxicity and increases mortality in mice following an acute myocardial infarction. 2011 In: The Journal of clinical investigation. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 1558-8238 .- 0021-9738. ; 121:7, s. 2625-40 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Impaired cardiac function is associated with myocardial triglyceride accumulation, but it is not clear how the lipids accumulate or whether this accumulation is detrimental. Here we show that hypoxia/ischemia-induced accumulation of lipids in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts is dependent on expression of the VLDL receptor (VLDLR). Hypoxia-induced VLDLR expression in HL-1 cells was dependent on HIF-1α through its interaction with a hypoxia-responsive element in the Vldlr promoter, and VLDLR promoted the endocytosis of lipoproteins. Furthermore, VLDLR expression was higher in ischemic compared with nonischemic left ventricles from human hearts and was correlated with the total lipid droplet area in the cardiomyocytes. Importantly, Vldlr-/- mice showed improved survival and decreased infarct area following an induced myocardial infarction. ER stress, which leads to apoptosis, is known to be involved in ischemic heart disease. We found that ischemia-induced ER stress and apoptosis in mouse hearts were reduced in Vldlr-/- mice and in mice treated with antibodies specific for VLDLR. These findings suggest that VLDLR-induced lipid accumulation in the ischemic heart worsens survival by increasing ER stress and apoptosis.
47.	Schaal, Wesley, et al. (author) Synthesis and comperative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of symmetric and nonsymmetric cyclic sulfamide HIV-1 protease inhibitors 2001 In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 44:2, s. 155-169 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
48.	Sjöstedt, Lars, 1939, et al. (author) Flexibility versus Specialisation - on the Controllability of Combined Transport Systems 1995 In: Transportation systems : theory and application of advanced technology. Proceedings of the 7th IFAC Symposium on Transportation Systems, Tianjin, 24-26 August, 1994. - 0080422268 ; , s. 323-328 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
49.	Svendenius, Jacob, et al. (author) Experimental Validation of the Brush Tire Model 2009 In: Journal of Tire Science and Technology. - : The Tire Society. - 0090-8657 .- 1945-5852. ; 37:2, s. 122-137 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The paper contains an experimental validation of the physically based brush-tire model toward the tire behavior in a number of different realistic conditions. Results of measurements performed with summer, winter, and studded tires on different road foundations such as wet and dry asphalt, basalt, snow, and ice are presented.The purpose behind the validation is to study the possibilities of using the brush model to estimate the friction coefficient from measurements or estimates of the longitudinal tire forces and tire slip. The sensitivity of the included tire parameters toward various factors that may change during normal run of the vehicle is also investigated.
50.	Svenningsson, Johan, 1981- (author) Having an attitude toward technology : Rethinking PATT studies from a theoretical perspective to study students’ attitudes toward technology 2024 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Attitudes are complex and consist of emotions, beliefs, and behavior. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to a theoretically anchored understanding of attitudes toward technology by exploring the three components of attitudes: affective, cognitive, and behavioral among 12-15-year-old students in Sweden. This thesis includes three research papers (I, II, III) and one book chapter (Paper IV) that are based on data from two studies. Data (student interviews N=6 and survey N=173) from the first study was used in Papers I, II and IV, and data (student survey N=485) from the second study were used in Paper III. In Paper I, an existing attitude survey (PATT) is validated for use in a Swedish context. In Paper II, an instrument to quantify students’ perceptions of technology and technology education is developed This instrument is used to study the cognitive component of attitudes and is named the Mitcham Score. In Paper III, the methods developed in Paper I and II are used to study the relationships among the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attitudes. In Paper IV, students’ perceptions of technology are discussed as a starting point for teachers, when planning and teaching technology. The methods developed throughout the thesis prove useful to research the different components of attitudes. The Mitcham Score can give insights into students’ perception of technology as well as be used as a construct of the cognitive component of attitudes. The PATT survey categories called Boredom and Interest measure students’ feelings (affect), while the category called Career was seen as assessing the behavioral component. The affective component, Interest, was related to both the cognitive component and the behavioral component. A high Mitcham Score, or in other words a broad perception of technology, seems to be a key concept for girls to consider technological careers.

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