| 1. |
- Ambite, Ines, et al.
(författare)
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Fimbriae reprogram host gene expression - Divergent effects of P and type 1 fimbriae
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 15:6, s. 1007671-1007671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pathogens rely on a complex virulence gene repertoire to successfully attack their hosts. We were therefore surprised to find that a single fimbrial gene reconstitution can return the virulence-attenuated commensal strain Escherichia coli 83972 to virulence, defined by a disease phenotype in human hosts. E. coli 83972pap stably reprogrammed host gene expression, by activating an acute pyelonephritis-associated, IRF7-dependent gene network. The PapG protein was internalized by human kidney cells and served as a transcriptional agonist of IRF-7, IFN-β and MYC, suggesting direct involvement of the fimbrial adhesin in this process. IRF-7 was further identified as a potent upstream regulator (-log (p-value) = 61), consistent with the effects in inoculated patients. In contrast, E. coli 83972fim transiently attenuated overall gene expression in human hosts, enhancing the effects of E. coli 83972. The inhibition of RNA processing and ribosomal assembly indicated a homeostatic rather than a pathogenic end-point. In parallel, the expression of specific ion channels and neuropeptide gene networks was transiently enhanced, in a FimH-dependent manner. The studies were performed to establish protective asymptomatic bacteriuria in human hosts and the reconstituted E. coli 83972 variants were developed to improve bacterial fitness for the human urinary tract. Unexpectedly, P fimbriae were able to drive a disease response, suggesting that like oncogene addiction in cancer, pathogens may be addicted to single super-virulence factors.
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| 2. |
- Andersson Hultgren, Jonas, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of motion parallax in driving simulators
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Driving Simulation Conference Europe 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motion parallax due to the driver’s head movement have been implemented and tested in VTI Driving Simulator III. An advanced camera-based system was used to track the head movements of the driver. The output from the tracking system was fed to the simulation software, which used low-pass filtering and a forward prediction algorithm to calculate an offset. The offset was then used by the graphics software to display the correct image to the driver.The effects of driving with motion parallax in the simulator were also observed by an initial study. During the experiment, the subjects caught up with several slower vehicles which forced the driver to make an overtaking maneuver. Oncoming traffic forced the subject to search for a suitable gap for overtaking. The study also included a speed perception test. The results from the study showed no difference in lateral positioning when running behind a slower vehicle nor in speed perception with and without motion parallax.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Chaplin, John, et al.
(författare)
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Varför ska du använda PROMIS? : Nytt system för patientrapporterad utfallsmått
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PROMIS är ett itembanksystem för hälso- och sjukvården. Syftet är att erbjuda moderna, patientrapporterade mått som kan användas för flertalet patientgrupper till en mycket låg kostnad och med ett nationellt supportsystem.En itembankär en modern form av elektronisk enkät som kan innehålla ett stort antal enkätfrågor. Ett datorprogram väljer ut de mest lämpade frågorna till varje person utifrån dennes svar på föregående frågor, på så sätt enkäten individanpassas.
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| 5. |
- Einarsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Subscapularis muscle mechanics in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). - : SAGE Publications. - 1753-1934 .- 2043-6289. ; 33:4, s. 507-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the passive mechanical properties of the subscapularis muscle in children with a contracture as a result of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Muscle biopsies were harvested from nine children undergoing open surgery for shoulder contracture. Passive mechanical testing of single cells and muscle bundles was performed. Corresponding comparisons were made using muscle biopsies from seven healthy controls. Single muscle fibres from patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy displayed a shorter slack sarcomere length, linear deformation of the fibre within a wider zone of sarcomere length and a greater relative increase in stiffness compared with muscle bundles. We conclude that secondary changes in muscle fibre properties will occur as a result of a longstanding lack of sufficient passive stretch, leading to compensatory changes in the extracellular matrix. These results suggest the presence of a dynamic feedback system constituting a muscle-to-extracellular matrix communication interface.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Performance and presence with head-movement produced motion parallax in simulated driving
- 2015
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 34, s. 54-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driving simulator studies can reveal relevant and valid aspects of driving behavior, but underestimation of distance and speed can negatively affect the driver's performance, such as in performance of overtaking. One possible explanation for the underestimation of distance and speed is that two-dimensional projection of the visual scene disrupts the monocular-based illusory depth because of conflicting binocular and monocular information of depth. A possible solution might involve the strengthening of the monocular information so that the binocular information becomes less potent.In the present study, we used an advanced high-fidelity driving simulator to investigate whether adding the visual depth information of motion parallax from head movement affects sense of presence, judgment of distance and speed, and performance measures coupled with overtaking. The simulations included two types of driving scenario in which one was urban and the other was rural. The main results show no effect of this head-movement produced motion parallax on sense of presence, head movement, time to collision, distance judgment, or speed judgment.However, the results show an effect on lateral positioning. When initiating the overtaking maneuver there is a lateral positioning farther away from the road center as effect of the motion parallax in both types of scenario, which can be interpreted as indicating use of naturally occurring information that change behavior at overtaking. Nevertheless, only showing tendencies of effects, absent is any clear additional impact of this motion parallax in the simulated driving.
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| 7. |
- Fattahi, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors in 50-year-old men predicting development of abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 72:4, s. 1337-1346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially lethal condition associated with several well-known risk factors including age, smoking, and male sex. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors predicting future development of AAA, which could influence future prevention strategies.Methods: This study collected the data sets of the Westmannia Cardiovascular Risk Factors Study (WICTORY) from 1990 to 1999 and combined them with cases of individuals who have undergone ultrasound examination of the infrarenal aortic diameter as part of the Vastmanland County's ongoing AAA screening program that commenced in 2007 or for other purposes. The study analyzed 5817 men aged 50 years at the time they participated in WICTORY and who underwent an ultrasound examination of the infrarenal aorta on average 15 years later.Results: The prevalence of AAA in our study was 2.6%. Age, smoking status, angina pectoris treatment, prior myocardial infarction, blood pressure treatment, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and total cholesterol level were found to be associated with the development of AAA later in life in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, current smokers at age 50 years had 11 times higher risk for later development of AAA (hazard ratio [HR], 11.178; confidence interval [CI], 6.277-19.908; P < .001). Former smokers did not suffer a similar risk of AAA development. Elevated total cholesterol concentration at baseline was associated with later AAA development (HR, 1.275; CI, 1.119-1.451; P < .001), as were increasing age (HR, 1.702; CI, 1.153-2.512; P = .007) and waist circumference (HR, 1.019; CI, 1.002-1.037; P = .031).Conclusions: Both the well-known and the somewhat less established possible predictors for future development of AAA identified in this study can support improvement of strategic preventive measures toward specific risk groups and thereby possibly reduce the risk for development of AAA later in life or at least increase the possibility of an early diagnosis in patients with intact AAA.
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| 8. |
- Hammo, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome After Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm : A National Multicentre Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 57:6, s. 788-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this multicentre study was to analyse the outcome of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (rDTAA).Methods: This is a nationwide retrospective study including all patients who underwent TEVAR for rDTAA at six major vascular university centres in Sweden between January 2000 and December 2015. Outcome measures were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimator and multivariable Cox regression.Results: There were 140 patients (age [mean +/- SD] 74.1 +/- 8.8 years; 56% men; aneurysm size 64.8 +/- 19 mm), with rDTAA. In 53 patients (37.9%), the left subclavian artery was covered, and in 25 patients (17.9%) arch vessel revascularisation was performed. In total, 61/136 patients (45%) had a major complication within 30 days post TEVAR. Stroke (n = 20; 14.7%) was the most common complication, followed by paraplegia (n = 13; 9.6%) and major bleeding (n = 13; 9.6%). TEVAR related complications during follow up included endoleaks 22.1% (30/136; 14 type 1a, six type 1b, 10 not defined). In total, re-interventions (n = 31) were required in 27/137 (19.7%) patients. The median follow up time was 17.0 months (range 0-132 months). The Kaplan-Meier estimated survival was 80.0% at one month, 71.7% at three months, 65.3% at one year, 45.9% at three years, and 31.9% at five years. Age (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00-1.07; p = .046), history of stroke (HR 2.35; 95% CI 1.194.63; p = .014), previous aortic surgery (HR 2.11; 95% CI 1.15-3.87; p = .016) as well as post-operative major bleeding (HR 4.40; 95% CI 2.20-8.81; p = .001), stroke (HR 2.63; 95% CI 1.37-5.03; p = .004), and renal failure (HR 8.25; 95% CI 2.69-25.35; p = .001) were all associated with mortality.Conclusions: This nationwide multicentre study of patients with rDTAA undergoing TEVAR showed acceptable short- but poor long-term survival. Adequate proximal and distal aortic sealing zones are important for technical success. High risk patients and post-operative complications need to be further addressed in an effort to improve outcome.
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| 9. |
- Hultgren, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Integration av matematik och teknik på ingenjörsutbildningar
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I detta bidrag presenterar vi en uppläggning av integrerade kurser i matematik och tillämpningar, vilken använts inom högskoleingenjörsutbildningen vid Högskolan i Kalmar. Kursverksamheten, som bedrivs inom ramen för kurspaketet ingenjörsvetenskap, tillgodoser såväl behovet av att betona matematikens roll som ett generellt och abstrakt verktyg för problemlösning som behovet av att ge studenterna bra baskunskaper i matematik i anslutning till möjliga tillämpningsområden.
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| 10. |
- Hultgren, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Integration av matematik och teknik på ingenjörsutbildningar
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta bidrag presenterar vi en uppläggning av integrerade kurser i matematik och tillämpningar, vilken använts inom högskoleingenjörsutbildningen vid Högskolan i Kalmar. Kursverksamheten, som bedrivs inom ramen för kurspaketet ingenjörsvetenskap, tillgodoser såväl behovet av att betona matematikens roll som ett generellt och abstrakt verktyg för problemlösning som behovet av att ge studenterna bra baskunskaper i matematik i anslutning till möjliga tillämpningsområden.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hultgren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep disturbances in outpatients with ankylosing spondylitisa questionnaire study with gender implications
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 29:6, s. 365-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the sleep pattern in ankylosing spondylitis, and to investigate gender differences in sleep, pain, and fatigue. METHODS: Forty-three male and 27 female patients with ankylosing spondylitis completed a sleep questionnaire and the results were compared with earlier findings in 3,558 persons randomly selected from the general population. RESULTS: Too little sleep was reported by 80.8% of the female and 50.0% of the male patients, compared to 28.8% and 21.8% respectively in the reference group (p<0.0001). The main reason was pain in the pre-sleep and sleep-periods (p<0.0001). Daytime fatigue was a major problem (p<0.0001). Higher correlation was found between pain and daytime fatigue than between sleep disturbance and daytime fatigue. CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbance is a significant problem in ankylosing spondylitis. The disturbance is closely related to pain at bedtime and during the night. Gender differences exist in the subjective sleep disturbance, fatigue, and pain.
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| 13. |
- Hultgren, T., et al.
(författare)
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Structural characteristics of the subscapularis muscle in children with medial rotation contracture of the shoulder after obstetric brachial plexus injury
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). - : SAGE Publications. - 1532-2211 .- 1753-1934 .- 2043-6289. ; 35:1, s. 23-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the cause of the medial rotation contracture of the shoulder after obstetric brachial plexus lesions by studying the morphology of the shortened subscapularis muscle. Muscle biopsy specimens were harvested from 13 children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy who underwent corrective surgery for the rotation contracture. The majority of the subscapularis muscle biopsy samples had an essentially normal morphology and showed a predominance of type I myosin heavy chain isoform, while one biopsy showed signs of marked fibrosis and a predominance of type II myosin heavy chain isoform. The findings support the assumption that shortening of the subscapularis is caused primarily by the nerve injury, which weakens the antagonistic lateral rotators, but that direct injury to the muscle might be a contributory factor.
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| 14. |
- Kirsebom, O. S., et al.
(författare)
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Precise and accurate determination of the B-8 decay spectrum
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 83:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate measurements of the B-8 neutrino spectrum are important for the interpretation of solar neutrino data. Experimentally, the B-8 neutrino spectrum can be obtained from the measurement of the beta-delayed alpha spectrum. We report on an alpha-alpha coincidence measurement performed at the IGISOL facility in Jyvaskyla, Finland. Our measurement allows extensive cross-checks to be performed and gives a more intense neutrino spectrum at high energies compared to the present standard. The deviation reaches 4% at the end point of the spectrum. Below 11 MeV, the deviation is less than 1%.
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| 15. |
- Kirsebom, O. S., et al.
(författare)
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The 8B neutrino spectrum
- 2010
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Ingår i: 11th Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos, NIC 2010; Heidelberg; Germany; 19 July 2010 through 23 July 2010. - 1824-8039.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of the energy spectrum of the neutrinos emitted in the β decay of8B in the Sun is needed to interpret the neutrino spectrum measured on Earth. Experimentally, the 8B neutrino spectrum may be αextracted from the measurement of the β -delayed a spectrum. In this contribution, the results of a recent α-α coincidence measurement are presented and compared to previous measurements. The implications for the neutrino spectrum are clarified.
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| 16. |
- Linne, A., et al.
(författare)
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Low Post-operative Mortality after Surgery on Patients with Screening-detected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms : A Swedvasc Registry Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 48:6, s. 649-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) substantially reduces aneurysm-related mortality in men and is increasing worldwide. This cohort study compares post-operative mortality and complications in men with screening-detected vs. non-screening-detected AAAs. Methods: Data were extracted from the Swedish National Registry for Vascular Surgery (Swedvasc) for all screening-detected men treated for AAA (n = 350) and age-matched controls treated for non-screening-detected AAA (n = 350). Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics besides age, which was lower in the screening-detected group than in the non-screening-detected group (median 66 vs. 68, p < .001). Open repair was used more frequently than endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) in patients with screening-detected AAAs than in nonscreening-detected controls (56% vs. 45% p = .005). No differences in major post-operative complications at 30 days were observed between the groups. In patients treated with open repair there were no differences in 30-day, 90-day or 1-year mortality in screening-detected patients compared to non-screening-detected controls (1.0% vs. 3.2% p = .25, 2.1% vs. 4.5% p = .23, 4.1% vs. 5.8% p = .61). None of the patients treated with EVAR in either group died within 30 days. The 90-day mortality after EVAR was lower in patients with screening-detected AAA than in those with non-screening-detected AAAs (0.0% vs. 3.1%, p = .04). No difference in the 1-year mortality was detected in the EVAR-patients between the two groups (1.4% vs. 4.7%, p = .12). Conclusions: The contemporary post-operative mortality after AAA surgery was low in this national audit of patients with screening-detected AAAs and age-matched controls. Patients with screening-detected AAAs have the same frequency of complications at 30 days as patients with non-screening-detected AAA. This study gives further support to national screening programs for the detection of AAA in men.
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| 17. |
- Ottosson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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The inverse association between a fish consumption biomarker and gingival inflammation and periodontitis : A population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 49:4, s. 353-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The metabolite 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) is a fatty fish–intake biomarker. We investigated the association between plasma levels of CMPF in relation to gingival inflammation and periodontitis case definition, as well as the extent and severity variables. Materials and Methods: The Malmö Offspring Study is a population-based study, and the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) is its dental arm, including periodontal charting. Plasma CMPF was measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and studied in relation to periodontal diagnosis and parameters using multivariable linear or logistic regression modelling adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, fasting glucose, and smoking. Results: Metabolite data were available for 922 MODS participants. Higher CMPF levels were associated with less gingival inflammation (β = −2.12, p =.002) and lower odds of severe periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56 to 0.98). Higher CMPF levels were also associated with more teeth (β = 0.19, p =.001), lower number of periodontal pockets (≥4 mm) (β = −1.07, p =.007), and lower odds of having two or more periodontal pockets of ≥6 mm (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.98) in fully adjusted models. Conclusions: CMPF, a validated biomarker of fatty fish consumption, is associated with less periodontal inflammation and periodontitis. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out, and future studies are warranted.
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| 18. |
- Ottosson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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The inverse association between a fish consumption biomarker with gingival inflammation and periodontitis : a population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 49:4, s. 353-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The metabolite 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) is a fatty fish-intake biomarker. We investigated the association between plasma levels of CMPF in relation to gingival inflammation and periodontitis case definition, as well as extent and severity variables.METHODS: The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) is a population-based study, and the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) is its dental arm, including periodontal charting. Plasma CMPF was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and studied in relation to periodontal diagnosis and parameters using multivariable linear or logistic regression modelling adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, fasting glucose and smoking.RESULTS: Metabolite data were available for 922 MODS participants. Higher CMPF levels were associated with less gingival inflammation (beta -2.12, p=0.002), and lower odds of severe periodontitis (OR 0.74, 95% CI=0.56-0.98). Higher CMPF levels were also associated with more teeth (beta 0.19, p=0.001), lower number of periodontal pockets (>4 mm) (beta -1.07, p=0.007) and lower odds of having two or more >6 mm periodontal pockets (OR 0.80, 95% CI=0.65-0.98) in fully adjusted models.CONCLUSION: CMPF, a validated biomarker of fatty fish consumption, is associated with less periodontal inflammation and periodontitis. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out and future studies are warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Peters, Björn, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of driving simulator based training for older drivers in Sweden : Deliverable 2.4.3
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Being able to assess your own performance can be vital to maintain safe mobility for older drivers. Overestimation can lead to increased risk of being involved in a crash and underestimation to unjustifiable restrictions in mobility. A pre/post intervention study was conducted with the aim to improve older drivers’ ability to assess their own driving performance. The aim was not to improve performance per se but the ability to assess, i.e. to calibrate themselves. Thus, a driving simulator program was developed and evaluated with a group of 36 older drivers. However, due to simulator sickness only 21 driver completed the study. Drivers repeatedly assessed their driving performance by answering the question “How well do you think you performed on the driving task? (1 = very bad to 5 = very well)”. As a reference of correctly assessed driving performance we used an experienced occupational therapist (specialised in driver assessment) who assessed the drive with the same scale (expert assessment).Feedback can be an effective tool for change, which we wanted to evaluate. Thus, feedback to the drivers were given as a specification of errors made (e.g. forgot to use direction indicators, driving too fast, etc.). Feedback could also include information on correct behaviour (e.g. give way to pedestrians, keeping the right speed etc.). Thus, the drivers were divided into two groups: one (n=11) who were told of their misses and one (n=10) who were also informed about their correct behaviour. Training was done at three different occasions.
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| 20. |
- Steuer, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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Editor's Choice - Durability of Endovascular Repair in Blunt Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Injury : Long-Term Outcome from Four Tertiary Referral Centers
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 50:4, s. 460-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To analyze the early and long-term survival and re-intervention rate in patients undergoing TEVAR for blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury. Methods: This was a consecutive case series. Between the years 2001 and 2010, a total of 74 patients underwent TEVAR for blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury at four tertiary referral centers, three in Sweden and one in Switzerland. The median age of the patients was 41 years, and 16% were women. Demographic, procedural, and outcome data were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The patients were followed up during 2013-2014. Results: Early (30 day) mortality was 9% (7 patients), with only two cases directly related to the aortic injury; in hospital mortality was 14% as three patients died during the primary hospital admission within the first 6 months. Most patients had sustained severe injuries to other organ systems, and among all in hospital deaths brain injury was the predominant cause. Five year survival in the whole group was 81%. Re-intervention was needed in 16% (12 patients) during the first year, half of them within the first month. Only one patient underwent re-intervention more than 1 year after the initial procedure. Infolding and partial stentgraft collapse was the reason for the secondary procedure in five of the 13 patients; in three it occurred within 3 weeks of the acute TEVAR. Conclusion: TEVAR allows rapid and effective therapy in trauma patients with blunt aortic injury. The outcome is dependent on the severity of the concomitant injuries. The treatment is durable during the first decade after the procedure, but even longer follow up is needed to determine the impact of TEVAR in young patients on the degenerative changes that take place in the aging aorta.
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| 21. |
- Tenke, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Update on biofilm infections in the urinary tract
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Journal of Urology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8726 .- 0724-4983. ; 30:1, s. 51-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Biofilm infections have a major role in implants or devices placed in the human body. As part of the endourological development, a great variety of foreign bodies have been designed, and with the increasing number of biomaterial devices used in urology, biofilm formation and device infection is an issue of growing importance. Methods A literature search was performed in the Medline database regarding biofilm formation and the role of biofilms in urogenital infections using the following items in different combinations: "biofilm," "urinary tract infection," "bacteriuria," "catheter," "stent," and "encrustation." The studies were graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine classification. Results The authors present an update on the mechanism of biofilm formation in the urinary tract with special emphasis on the role of biofilms in lower and upper urinary tract infections, as well as on biofilm formation on foreign bodies, such as catheters, ureteral stents, stones, implants, and artificial urinary sphincters. The authors also summarize the different methods developed to prevent biofilm formation on urinary foreign bodies. Conclusions Several different approaches are being investigated for preventing biofilm formation, and some promising results have been obtained. However, an ideal method has not been developed. Future researches have to aim at identifying effective mechanisms for controlling biofilm formation and to develop antimicrobial agents effective against bacteria in biofilms.
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| 22. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Principle Other Vehicle Warning
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The only possibility for a driver to avoid a collision may sometimes be to issue a warning to another driver. Connecting the horn and the headlight to an already existing sensor system could be a cost effective solution. This report covers the implementation and evaluation of such an automated warning system in a driving simulator at VTI. In this test 24 drivers with normal hearing and 24 with moderate hearing loss experienced five critical events in which four different warning signals were evaluated; sound, light, and a combination of sound and light, and no warning (as reference). A visual distraction task was used to distract the drivers and create critical situations. The results were consistent. A combined sound and light warning significantly increased cautious driving behaviour and also lead to the highest perceived criticality of the situations. With the combined warning the driver’s attention was effectively drawn from the visual distraction task. Drivers were generally positive towards the warning system, and most positive towards the combined warning presenting light and sound signals. Drivers were able to distinguish between warnings (at critical events) and greetings (at non-critical events) suggesting that the tested additional use of horn and headlight would not affect reactions to non-critical warnings or greetings. Hearing loss was associated with worse performance on the visual distraction task and less perceived realism of the driving simulator. But it was not associated with effects on any driving behaviour measures or of warning modalities. This result suggests that the evaluated system should work also for drivers with moderate hearing loss.
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