| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Rogström, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Age hardening in arc-evaporated ZrAlN thin films
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science B.V.. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 62:10, s. 739-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 films were deposited by reactive arc evaporation on WC-Co substrates. As-deposited films have a defect-rich NaCl-cubic and wurtzite phase mixture. During annealing at 1100 degrees C the films undergo simultaneous recovery of the ZrN-rich c-ZrAlN nanoscale domains and formation of semicoherent w-ZrAlN nanobricks, while the excess nitrogen is released. This process results in an age hardening effect as high as 36%, as determined by nanoindentation. At 1200 degrees C, the w-AlN recrystallizes and the hardening effect is lost.
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| 3. |
- Rogström, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal stability and mechanical properties of arc evaporated ZrN/ZrAlN multilayers
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 519:2, s. 694-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ZrN1.20/Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 multilayer films as well as ZrN1.17 and Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 films were deposited by reactive arc evaporation on WC–Co substrates. Samples were post-deposition annealed for 2 h at 800–1200 °C. As-deposited and heat treated films were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation. The thermal stability was studied using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and mass spectrometry. The as-deposited Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 film exhibits a nanocomposite structure of cubic and wurtzite ZrAlN. During annealing, the formation of ZrN- and AlN-rich domains results in age hardening of both the Zr0.44Al0.56N1.20 and the ZrN/ZrAlN multilayers. The age hardening is enhanced in the ZrN/ZrAlN multilayer due to straining of the ZrAlN sublayers in which a maximum hardness of 31 GPa is obtained after annealing at 1100 °C.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Abom, A.E., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of the metal-insulator interface of field-effect chemical sensors
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 93:12, s. 9760-9768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metal-insulator interface of hydrogen-sensitive metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, with SiO2 as the insulator and Pt as the metal contact, was discussed. It was found that the difference in hydrogen response between differently prepared devices was explained by a difference in concentration of available adsorption sites. The analysis showed that the concentration of Pt atoms in contact with the oxide affected both the hydrogen response and the metal-oxide adhesion.
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| 6. |
- Abom, A.E., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of gate metal film growth parameters on the properties of gas sensitive field-effect devices
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 409:2, s. 233-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of Pt have been grown as gate metals on the oxide surface of gas sensitive field-effect devices. Both electron beam evaporation and dc magnetron sputtering has been used. The energy of the impinging Pt atoms, the substrate temperature and the thickness of the Pt film were used as parameters in this study. The influence of the growth parameters on the gas response has been investigated and compared with the properties of the films, studied by transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The conditions during growth of the Pt film are found to have a large impact on the properties of the device. As expected, crystallinity, morphology and the metal/substrate interfacial structure are also affected by processing parameters. Three different growth processes stand out as the most promising from gas sensor considerations, namely room temperature evaporation, sputtering at high pressures and sputtering at high temperatures. The correlation between gas responses and properties of the gas sensitive layer is discussed. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Abom, A.E., et al.
(författare)
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Thin oxide films as surface modifiers of MIS field effect gas sensors
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 85:1-2, s. 109-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catalytic activity at the surface of Pt based MIS field effect gas sensors is modified by the deposition of thin films of SnO2, Al2O3 and SiO2, grown by reactive sputtering. It is found that a very thin layer (<10 nm) of SiO2 and SnO2 changes the catalytic activity towards higher NH3 selectivity, but with thicker films the sensor response vanishes. Since the response mechanism for these sensors is dependent on dissociation of molecules, it is likely that at low temperatures (140 °C), neither dissociation on nor transport/diffusion through the thicker films takes place. However, with Pt in conjunction with SiO2 or SnO2, the surface reactions will be altered, with enhanced NH3 selectivity as a result. A thin film of Al2O3, on the other hand, has a much smaller influence on the gas response to the test gases used in this work. Furthermore the sputtering process is found to strongly influence the sensor responses, and specifically reduce the sensitivity of the sensor. A thin intermediate layer of evaporated Pt does not completely protect the underlying structure from sputter induced damage. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Aili, Carola, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Research on teachers' professional lives : time to build a research network. Paper presented at NERA's 31st Congress, 6-9 March, Copenhagen
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teachers’ work has during the last ten years gone through great changes. The effects of postmodern society has made the work more and morecomplex and difficult to handle and understand for those involved as well as outsiders. Researchers are trying to keep up with things. The developmentof knowledge of teachers’ work takes place on different levels, in separate disciplines, from various starting-points and with different foci.To be able to describe, understand and explain the »new« work of teachers in a vigorous way there is need of getting these research initiativestogether. Arenas should be established where interchanges and coordination between researchers could take place. In order to make this happen wehave the intention of building a Swedish (our aim is to expand the network to the Nordic countries after the establishment in Sweden) network ofresearch on teachers’ professional lives.Besides presenting the intention and design of our network we also bring along some examples of research projects in line with the network ideas.
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| 9. |
- Aili, Carola, et al.
(författare)
-
Research on teachers' professional lives : time to build a research network. Paper presented at NERA's 31st Congress, 6-9 March, Copenhagen
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teachers’ work has during the last ten years gone through great changes. The effects of postmodern society has made the work more and morecomplex and difficult to handle and understand for those involved as well as outsiders. Researchers are trying to keep up with things. The developmentof knowledge of teachers’ work takes place on different levels, in separate disciplines, from various starting-points and with different foci.To be able to describe, understand and explain the »new« work of teachers in a vigorous way there is need of getting these research initiativestogether. Arenas should be established where interchanges and coordination between researchers could take place. In order to make this happen wehave the intention of building a Swedish (our aim is to expand the network to the Nordic countries after the establishment in Sweden) network ofresearch on teachers’ professional lives.Besides presenting the intention and design of our network we also bring along some examples of research projects in line with the network ideas.
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| 10. |
- Berlind, Torun, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure, mechanical properties, and wetting behaviorof Si-C-N thin films grown by reactive magnetron sputtering
- 2001
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Ingår i: Surface and Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972. ; 141:2-3, s. 145-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon–carbon–nitride (Si–C–N) thin films were deposited by reactive magnetron co-sputtering of C and Si targets in a mixed Ar/N2 discharge. Films were grown to a thickness of more than 0.5 μm on graphite and Si(001) substrates held at a negative floating potential of −35 V, and substrate temperature between 100 and 700°C. The total pressure was constant at 0.4 Pa (3 mtorr), and the nitrogen fraction in the gas mixture was varied between 0 and 100%. As-deposited films were analyzed with respect to composition, state of chemical bonding, microstructure, mechanical properties, and wetting behavior by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation and contact angle measurements, respectively. Depending on the deposition condition, ternary SixCyNz films within the composition range 1≤x≤34 at.%, 34≤y≤81 at.%, and 16.5≤z≤42 at.% were prepared with a textured, amorphous-to-graphite-like microstructure. For Si–C–N films with low Si content, C---C, C---N and Si---C bonds were present. At higher Si content, N preferentially bonds to Si, while less C---N bonds were observed. Films containing more than 12 at.% of Si contained widely dispersed crystallites, 2–20 nm in diameter. Incorporation of a few at.% Si resulted in a dramatic reduction of the film surface energy compared to pure CN films. The measured contact angles using distilled water and glycerol liquids were for some films comparable with those on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Teflon® surface. The hardness of Si–C–N films could be varied over the range 9–28 GPa.
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| 11. |
- Carlsson, Inga-Lill, 1955-
(författare)
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Meeting increased logistical demands : Developing as a small- and medium-sized system supplier
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many subcontractors choose to implement a strategy of “system supply” in order to meetincreasing global competition. They are then confronted with increased demands to take agreater overall responsibility in this role. It is important to investigate the implications of theseresponsibilities before investing in developing the organization, especially for a small- ormedium-sized subcontractor with limited resources. The customer’s view of different demandsdoes not necessarily correspond to how the supplier sees and chooses to interpret and meetthose demands. A supplier with several customers has to create reasonably uniform routines tomeet different demands, in order to cut costs. The customers chosen to serve as well asattitudes and priorities may influence the way different customer demands are met. Thepurpose of this study is to describe what the widened role of system supply might mean to asmall- or medium-sized subcontractor in terms of demands, capabilities and resources.After going through previous theory about different supplier roles and their characteristics asmall exploratory survey comparing demands between a component supplier and a systemsupplier was carried out. “System supplier” is, in this thesis, defined as a supplier with anoverall responsibility for the functionality of a product or a system of assembled components,produced in several process steps, and the resulting liability for purchase of material andservices. The focus is on small- or medium-sized suppliers that provide production services andare developing towards system supplying capabilities. The survey, based on existing customeragreements and demands on a relatively small supplier that is developing towards a systemsupplying role, gives insight to how customers and suppliers look at these demands. The resultsclearly point out some improvement areas. These are divided into a few “system demands”(such as systematic purchase and logistics work, product development and projectmanagement, and increased responsibilities) and more “generic demands” (for example qualityand delivery-precision).A small- or medium-sized subcontractor must acquire some logistics capabilities in order tocope with the system supplying role. In a multiple case study, a comparison of three companiesof different sizes with varying degrees of system supplying services is presented. With theresource-based view as a linchpin the interviews point out the importance of the management’sstrategic alignment to supply chain management and logistics, with special focus on centralsourcing and sourcing from low-cost regions. Other capabilities such as IT and communicationsystems, cost reduction capability, volume flexibility and breadth of product lines are alsoidentified. The interviews also served the purpose of identifying important resources groupedinto three different categories: organizational, competence-base, and tools. The differencesbetween the companies and in what way these different resources influence the formation ofdifferent logistics capabilities to support system supply are discussed.The conclusions drawn from comparing the three companies point out five system capabilities.One is the importance of a clear and distinct organization where the management understandsits role and responsibilities, managing its part of a larger system and its inherent processes.Supply chain management is another important system capability, where logistics skills andenhanced understanding and use of IT and other tools are identified as areas to improve for thesmaller companies. The importance of managing internal and external relations with extrafocus on customer relations is stressed. This also generally requires more overall managementof communications, making the best possible use of existing information and communicationstechnology. Finally, a basic and order-qualifying capability of managing the “genericdemands” is emphasized.
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| 12. |
- Danielsson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Human monoclonal antibodies with different fine-specificity for digoxin derivatives: Cloning of heavy and light chain variable region sequences
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Immunology. - 0019-2805. ; 74:1, s. 50-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-mouse hybridoma cell lines producing human monoclonal antibodies against the cardiac glycoside digoxin were established after in vitro immunization or direct immortalization of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with digoxin. Three antibodies, designated M06, LH92 and LH 1 14, displayed different patterns of fine specificity against digoxin and several digoxin analogues, as elucidated by inhibition ELISA. All three monoclonal antibodies had p heavy chains, two of them (M06 and LH 114) had K light chains and one (LH92) A light chains. DNA encoding the variable regions of both heavy and light chains of the three antibodies were amplified from cDNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequences of the amplified DNA were determined after subcloning of PCR fragments in M13 vectors. The deduced amino acid sequences revealed considerable sequence differences in the complementarity determining regions between the three antibodies.
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| 13. |
- Elisabeth, Abom A., et al.
(författare)
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Properties of combined TiN and Pt thin films applied to gas sensing
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 20:3, s. 667-673
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Pt in the proximity of TiN with respect to the oxidation behavior was addressed. TiN was grown at two different temperatures that are known to produce films with varying porosity. Pt was used as the catalytic metal and either deposited on top of the TiN film grown at 400°C or co-sputtered in a reactive atmosphere of Ar and N2 at the two different deposition temperatures. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and the gas response of the sensor to hydrogen, ammonia, propene, and acetaldehyde was measured. Aging studies were also carried out for a period of one month. Overall, significant results were obtained.
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| 14. |
- Engberg, David L. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Solid Solution and Segregation Effects in Arc-Deposited Ti1-xSixN Thin Films Resolved on the nanometer scale by 15N Isotopic Substitution in AtomP robe Tomography
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nanostructured TiSiN is an important material in wear--‐resistant coatings for extending the lifetime of cutting tools. Yet, the understanding regarding the structure, phase composition, and bonding on the detailed nanometer scale, which determines the properties of TiSiN, is lacking. This limits our understanding of the growth phenomena and eventually a larger exploitation of the material. By substituting natN2 with 15N2 during reactive arc deposition of TiSiN thin films, atom probe tomography (APT) gives elemental sensitivity and sub-nanometer resolution, a finer scale than what can be obtained by commonly employed energy dispersive electron spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy. Using a combination of analytical transmission electron microscopy and APT we show that arc-deposited Ti0.92Si0.0815N and Ti0.81Si0.1915N exhibit Si segregation on the nanometer scale in the alloy films. APT composition maps and proximity histograms from domains with higher than average Ti content show that the TiN domains contain at least ~2 at. % Si for Ti0.92Si0.08N and ~5 at. % Si for Ti0.81Si0.19N, thus confirming the formation of solid solutions. The formation of relatively pure SiNy domains in the Ti0.81Si0.19N films is tied to pockets between microstructured, columnar features in the film. Finer SiNy enrichments seen in APT possibly correspond to tissue layers around TiN crystallites, thus effectively hindering growth of TiN crystallites, causing TiN renucleation and thus explaining the featherlike nanostructure within the columns of these films. For the stoichiometry of the TiN phase, we establish a global under stoichiometry, in accordance with the tendency for SiNy films to have tetrahedral bonding coordination towards a nominal Si3N4 composition.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Arc deposition of Ti–Si–C–N thin films from binary and ternary cathodes — Comparing sources of C
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 213, s. 145-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ti–Si–C–N thin films with composition of 1–11 at.% Si and 1–20 at.% C have been deposited onto cemented carbide substrates by arcing Ti–Si cathodes in a CH4 + N2 gas mixture and, alternatively, through arcing Ti–Si–C cathodes in N2. Films of comparable compositions from the two types of cathodes have similar structure and properties. Hence, C can be supplied as either plasma ions generated from the cathode or atoms from the gas phase with small influence on the structural evolution. Over the compositional range obtained, the films were dense and cubic-phase nanocrystalline, as characterized by X-ray diffraction, ion beam analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The films have high hardness (30–40 GPa by nanoindentation) due to hardening from low-angle grain boundaries on the nanometer scale and lattice defects such as growth-induced vacancies and alloying element interstitials.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Layer Formation by Resputtering in Ti-Si-C Hard Coatings during Large Scale Cathodic Arc Deposition
- 2011
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 205:15, s. 3923-3930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the physical mechanism behind the phenomenon of self-layering in thin films made by industrial scale cathodic arc deposition systems using compound cathodes and rotating substrate fixture. For Ti-Si-C films, electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry reveals a trapezoid modulation in Si content in the substrate normal direction, with a period of 4 to 23 nm dependent on cathode configuration. This is caused by preferential resputtering of Si by the energetic deposition flux incident at high incidence angles when the substrates are facing away from the cathodes. The Ti-rich sub-layers exhibit TiC grains with size up to 5 nm, while layers with high Si-content are less crystalline. The nanoindentation hardness of the films increases with decreasing layer thickness.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ti-Si-C-N Thin Films Grown by Reactive Arc Evaporation from Ti3SiC2 Cathodes
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research. - : Cambrdige University Press. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 26, s. 874-881
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ti-Si-C-N thin films were deposited onto WC-Co substrates by industrial scale arc evaporation from Ti3SiC2 compound cathodes in N2 gas. Microstructure and hardness were found to be highly dependent on the wide range of film compositions attained, comprising up to 12 at.% Si and 16 at.% C. Nonreactive deposition yielded films consisting of understoichiometric TiCx, Ti and silicide phases with high (27 GPa) hardness. At a nitrogen pressure of 0.25-0.5 Pa, below that required for N saturation, superhard, 45-50 GPa, (Ti,Si)(C,N) films with a nanocrystalline feathered structure were formed. Films grown above 2 Pa displayed crystalline phases of more pronounced nitride character, but with C and Si segregated to grain boundaries to form weak grain boundary phases. In abundance of N, the combined presence of Si and C disturb cubic phase growth severely and compromises the mechanical strength of the films.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Mats, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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The water-forming reaction on thin, SiO2 supported, palladium films
- 1990
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 41:1-3, s. 137-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water-forming reaction has been studied on thin Pd films, evaporated on planar SiO2 substrates. The nominal film thickness varied between 5 and 100 Å. The studies were performed in uhv by means of mass spectrometry, UPS and work function measurements in the temperature range 323–523 K. The film structure was also studied with TEM. The results are compared with previous measurements on 1000 Å, thick, homogeneous Pd films. The structure of the thin Pd films changed dramatically during cyclic H2 and O2 exposures, from that of a continuous film with cracks to that of drop-like metal particles. These structural changes are not observed on the thick (1000 Å) Pd films. Even though there are large structural changes, the water-forming reaction looks qualitatively the same as on a thick Pd film. The total water production however, decreases with decreasing film thickness. We believe that some minor qualitative differences in the water-forming reaction for different nominal Pd film thicknesses, are due to the increasing PdSiO2 boundary as the thickness is reduced.
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| 19. |
- Fager, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of Hard Amorphous Ti-Al-Si-N Thin Films by Cathodic Arc Evaporation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 235:25, s. 376-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ti(1−x−y)AlxSiyNz (0.02≤x≤0.46, 0.02≤y≤0.28, and 1.08≤z≤1.29) thin films were grown on cemented carbide substrates in an industrial scale cathodic arc evaporation system using Ti-Al-Si compound cathodes in a N2 atmosphere. The microstructure of the as-deposited films changes from nanocrystalline to amorphous by addition of Al and Si to TiN. Upon incorporation of 12 at% Si and 18 at% Al, the films assume an x-ray amorphous state. Post-deposition anneals show that the films are thermally stable up to 900 ◦C. The films exhibit age hardening up to 1000 ◦C with an increase in hardness from 21.9 GPa for as-deposited films to 31.6 GPa at 1000 ◦C. At 1100 ◦C severe out-diffusion of Co and W from the substrate occur, and the films recrystallize into c-TiN and w-AlN.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Hammar, Mats, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Strålning, cancer och forskarutbildning
- 2007
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 104
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hellgren, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Fullerene-like B C N thin films a computational andexperimental study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering B. - : Elsevier. ; 113:3, s. 242-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ab initio calculations show that the energy cost for incorporating lattice defects such as pentagons and heptagons is significantly reduced for BCN compared to BN, thus promoting bending of basal planes in these compounds. Boron–carbon–nitride (Bsingle bondCsingle bondN) thin films with a fullerene-like (FL) microstructure were then deposited by dual cathode magnetron sputtering from C and B4C targets. Up to 1 μm thick films were grown at a total gas pressure of 3 mTorr (0.4 Pa) in varying Ar/N2 ratios, and substrate temperatures between 225 and 350 °C. Compositional and microstructural studies were performed using RBS, SEM and HREM, respectively. Depending on the deposition condition, ternary BxCyNz films with fullerene-like microstructure could be prepared in agreement with the calculations within the composition range 0 ≤ x ≤ 53, 15 ≤ y ≤ 62, and 24 ≤ z ≤ 50 at.%. Fullerene-like structures also tend to form at lower temperatures in the case of BCN compared to CN. Nanoindentation measurements show that all BxCyNz films exhibited a highly elastic response independent of elemental composition. In addition, the calculations suggest a driving force for C and BN phase separation.
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| 24. |
- Hellgren, N., et al.
(författare)
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Growth, structure, and mechanical properties of CNxHy films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering in N2/Ar/H2 discharges
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 18:5, s. 2349-2358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive direct current magnetron sputtering was used to deposit the hydrogenated carbon nitride films in mixed nitrogen (N2)/argon (Ar)/ hydrogen (H2) discharges. Growth and structure evolution of films was found to be affected by chemical sputtering effects. The hydrogen were found to be bonded to nitrogen and hydrogen incorporation decreases the elasticity and hardness.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Hultman, Christina M, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethical Issues in Cancer Register Follow-Up of Hormone Treatment in Adolescence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 2:1, s. 30-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1970s, estrogen have sometimes been used in adolescent girls to reduce very tall adult expected height.Worries about long-term effects have led to a proposal to link treatment data with cancer registers. How shouldone deal with informed consent for such a study?We designed a qualitative study with semi-structured telephoneinterviews. From 1200 women who were to be followed-up in cancer registers, we randomly selected 22 women.Major themes were a wish to be involved and a positive attitude to the proposed register research. The womendid not express worry after reading the study protocol, but did convey considerable frustration that this researchhad not been initiated earlier. Active consent was not seen as crucial. We found strong interest in a high participationrate and a concern over missing data. The selection of information and consent or the decision to goahead without consent in register follow-up is a delicate balancing act. Study participants wish to be contacted,but acknowledge the primary goal of answering important questions. Our study provides support for safeguardingprivacy in epidemiological linkage studies and in follow-up of medical treatment without losing the scientificvalue by requesting for informed consent.
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| 27. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A cable feeder tool for robotized cable winding
- 2014
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Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 30:6, s. 577-588
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cable winding is an alternative technology to create stator windings in large electrical machines. Today such cable winding is performed manually, which is very repetitive, time-consuming and therefore also expensive. This paper presents the design, function and control system of a developed cable feeder tool for robotized stator cable winding. The presented tool was able to catch a cable inside a cable guiding system and to grab the cable between two wheels. One of these wheels was used to feed cable through the feeder. A control system was integrated in the tool to detect feeding slippage and to supervise the feeding force on the cable. Functions to calculate the cable feed length, to release the cable from the tool and for positional calibration of the stator to be wound were also integrated in the tool. In validating the function of the cable feeder tool, the stator of the linear generator used in the Wave Energy Converter generator developed at Uppsala University was used as an example. Through these experiments, it was shown that the developed robot tool design could be used to achieve automated robotized cable winding. These results also complied with the cycle time assumptions for automated cable winding from earlier research. Hence, it was theoretically indicated that the total winding cycle time for one Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter stator could be reduced from about 80 h for manual winding with four personnel to less than 20 h in a fully developed cable winding robot cell. The same robot tool and winding automation could also be used, with minor adjustments, for other stator designs.
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| 28. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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An updated cable feeder tool design for robotized stator cable winding
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mechatronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0957-4158 .- 1873-4006. ; 49, s. 197-210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously suggested a method for robotized stator winding of cable wound electric machines and demonstrated the method successfully in full-scale experiments. The cable feeder tool used to handle the cable during the complete winding process is an essential component of this robot cell. To take the robot winding method to the next level, into an industrial product, require further developments regarding durability, independency, flexibility and implementability. In this paper, we present an updated cable feeder tool design. This tool is designed to be used in a robot cell for cable winding of the third-generation design of the Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter generator stator. In this work, three cable feeder tool prototypes have been constructed, experimentally evaluated and validated for the intended application. Key performance parameters are presented and discussed, including suggestions for further developments. We completed a durable, compact, high performance tool design, with fully integrated control into industrial robot controllers. The experimental results presented in this article are very promising and hence, the updated cable feeder tool design represents another important step towards an industrial solution for robotized stator cable winding.
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| 29. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Automated Cable Preparation for Robotized Stator Cable Winding
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Machines. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-1702. ; 5:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for robotized cable winding of the Uppsala UniversityWave Energy Converter generator stator has previously been presented and validated. The purpose of this study is to present and validate further developments to the method: automated stand-alone equipment for the preparation of the winding cables. The cable preparation consists of three parts: feeding the cable from a drum, forming the cable end and cutting the cable. Forming and cutting the cable was previously done manually and only small cable drums could be handled. Therefore the robot cell needed to be stopped frequently. The new equipment was tested in an experimental robot stator cable winding setup. Through the experiments, the equipment was validated to be able to perform fully automated and robust cable preparation. Suggestions are also given on how to further develop the equipment with regards to performance, robustness and quality. Hence, this work represents another important step towards demonstrating completely automated robotized stator cable winding.
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| 30. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Electromagnetic, Mechanical and Manufacturing Properties for Cable Wound Direct-Drive PM Linear Generators for Offshore Environments
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 2012, VOL 4. - 9780791844915 ; , s. 441-447
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable energy conversion in offshore environments, such as wave, wind and tidal energy, can potentially give a considerable contribution to the global electric energy demand. These harsh environments require robust generators with minimal need for maintenance at competitive costs. To reduce the generator cost, the electromagnetic design must be done with manufacturing in mind. An optimal design provides high electric efficiency, long device life-time, little need for maintenance and low manufacturing costs. Modern simulation tools can be used to optimize the electromagnetic design of a generator for a specific task and operation mode. Hereby both electromagnetic losses and material stresses can be reduced. Industrial robots might provide new possibilities to automate generator-specific manufacturing tasks. A generator design with a cable wound stator, surface mounted permanent magnets on the translator and direct-drive linear technology is investigated in this article. This concept has a simpler and more robust mechanical design, while both the electromagnetic losses and the need for maintenance are reduced. By reducing the number of generator assembly steps, manufacturing might also be facilitated. Further work is however needed in developing automated assembly methods and comparing them to conventional generator manufacturing.
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| 31. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration of real-world project tasks in a course on automation and robot engineering
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2165-9567 .- 2165-9559. ; April-2019, s. 107-114, s. 107-114
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 IEEE. The modern engineering profession requires classical technical skills combined with creativity and a high proficiency in cooperation and sustainable development. Research indicates that the engineering education should adapt better to this. This paper introduces a teaching approach where open-ended project tasks are fully integrated into a complete course, in a context relating to the students' future working life. The teaching approach was implemented in a course on automation and robot engineering. Extensive written student course evaluations, the students' examination results and the teachers' experience were used for evaluation and compared with the previous classical course. Both the students and the teachers greatly appreciated the course. It was strongly indicated that the students' theoretical knowledge and understanding of the subject had benefited, both with regards to the technical depth and to the non-technical engineering skills. It is likely that the presented teaching approach can be used also in other engineering courses.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hultman, Erik
(författare)
-
Robotized Production Methods for Special Electric Machines
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A research project on renewable energy conversion from ocean waves to electricity was started at the Division of Electricity at Uppsala University (UU) in 2001. The Wave Energy Converter (WEC) unit developed in this project is intended to be used in large offshore WEC farms and has therefore been designed with large-scale production in mind. The concept has now also been commercialized by the spin-off company Seabased Industry AB.An essential part of the UU WEC is the linear direct-drive generator. This thesis presents the pilot work on developing robotized production methods for this special electric machine. The generator design is here investigated and four different backbreaking, monotone, potentially hazardous and time consuming manual production tasks are selected for automation. A robot cell with special automation equipment is then developed and constructed for each task. Simplicity, reliability and flexibility are prioritized and older model pre-owned industrial robots are used throughout the work. The robot cells are evaluated both analytically and experimentally, with focus on full scale experiments. It is likely that the developed production methods can be applied also for other similar electric machines.The main focus in the thesis is on robotized stator cable winding. The here presented robot cell is, to the knowledge of the author, the first fully automated stator cable winding setup. Fully automated winding with high and consistent quality and high flexibility is demonstrated. Significant potential cost savings compared to manual winding are also indicated. The robot cell is well prepared for production, but further work is required to improve its reliability.The other three developed robot cells are used for stator stacking, surface mounting of permanent magnets on translators and machining of rubber discs. All robot cell concepts are experimentally validated and considerable potential cost savings compared to manual production are indicated. Further work is however required with regards to autonomy and reliability.Finally, the thesis presents a pedagogical development work connected to the research on robotized production methods. A first cycle course on automation and robot engineering is here completely reworked, as it is structured around three real-world group project tasks. The new course is evaluated from the examination results, the students’ course evaluations and the feedback from the teachers during six years. The students greatly appreciated the new course. It is indicated that the developed teaching approach is effective in teaching both classical and modern engineering skills.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Robotized stator cable winding
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 53, s. 197-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated stator winding assembly has been available for small and medium sized conventional electric machines for a long time. Cable winding is an alternative technology developed for medium and large sized machines in particular. In this paper we present, evaluate and validate the first fully automated stator cable winding assembly equipment in detail. A full-scale prototype stator cable winding robot cell has been constructed, based on extensive previous work and experience, and used in the experiments. While the prototype robot cell is adapted for the third design generation of the Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter generator stator, the winding method can be adapted for other stator designs. The presented robot cell is highly flexible and well prepared for future integration in a smart production line. Potential cost savings are indicated compared to manual winding, which is a backbreaking task. However, further work is needed to improve the reliability of the robot cell, especially when it comes to preventing the kinking of the winding cable during the assembly.
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| 37. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Robotized Surface Mounting of Permanent Magnets
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Machines. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-1702. ; 2:4, s. 219-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using permanent magnets on a rotor can both simplify the design and increase the efficiency of electric machines compared to using electromagnets. A drawback, however, is the lack of existing automated assembly methods for large machines. This paper presents and motivates a method for robotized surface mounting of permanent magnets on electric machine rotors. The translator of the Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter generator is used as an example of a rotor. The robot cell layout, equipment design and assembly process are presented and validated through computer simulations and experiments with prototype equipment. A comparison with manual assembly indicates substantial cost savings and an improved work environment. By using the flexibility of industrial robots and a scalable equipment design, it is possible for this assembly method to be adjusted for other rotor geometries and sizes. Finally, there is a discussion on the work that remains to be done on improving and integrating the robot cell into a production line.
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| 38. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Six-Degrees-of-Freedom (6-DOF) Work Object Positional Calibration Using a Robot-Held Proximity Sensor
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Machines. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-1702. ; 1:2, s. 63-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial automation has been recognized as a fundamental key to build and keep manufacturing industries in developed countries. In most automation tasks, knowing the exact position of the objects to handle is essential. This is often done using a positional calibration system, such as a camera-based vision system. In this article, an alternative six-degrees-of-freedom work object positional calibration method using a robot-held proximity sensor, is presented. A general trigonometry-based measurement and calculation procedure, which, step-by-step, adjusts a work object coordinate system to the actual work object position, is explained. For suitable robot tasks and work object geometries, the benefits with the presented method include its robustness, large work area and low investment cost. Some drawbacks can be longer cycle time and its limited capacity to handle unsorted and complicated objects. To validate the presented method, it was implemented in an experimental robot setup. In this robot cell, it was used to calibrate the position of a stator section work object, which is used in the Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter generator. Hereby the function of the positional calibration procedure was validated. Sufficient positioning accuracy for the stator winding task was achieved and theoretically validated based on the experiments.
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| 39. |
- Hultman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Utilizing cable winding and industrial robots to facilitate the manufacturing of electric machines
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 29:1, s. 246-256
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cable wound electric machines are used mainly for high voltage and direct-drive applications. They can be found in areas such as wind power, hydropower, wave power and high-voltage motors. Compared to conventional winding techniques, cable winding includes fewer manufacturing steps and is therefore likely to be better suited for automated production. Automation of the cable winding production step is a crucial task in order to lower the manufacturing costs of these machines. This article presents a production method using industrial robots for automation of cable winding of electric machine stators. The concept presented is validated through computer simulations and full-scale winding experiments, including a constructed robot-held cable feeder tool prototype. A cable wound linear stator section of an Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter and its winding process is used as a reference in this article. From this example, it is shown that considerable production cycle time and manufacturing cost savings can be anticipated compared to manual winding. The suggested automation method is very flexible. It can be used for the production of cable wound stators with different shapes and sizes, for different cable dimensions and with different winding patterns.
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| 40. |
- Hultman, Karin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal taurine supplementation in the late pregnant rat stimulates postnatal growth and induces obesity and insulin resistance in adult offspring
- 2007
-
Ingår i: J Physiol. ; 579(Pt 3):Jan 11, s. 823-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An adequate supply of taurine during foetal life is important for normal beta-cell development and insulin action and an altered availability of taurine may program glucose metabolism in utero and result in type 2 diabetes in adult age. We examined whether maternal taurine supplementation in late pregnant rats affects postnatal growth, adult body composition, insulin sensitivity and endogenous insulin secretion in intra-uterine growth restricted (IUGR) and normal offspring. Uterine artery ligation or sham operations were performed on gestational day (GD) 19. Taurine supplementation was given to half of the dams from GD 18 until term resulting in four groups of offspring: sham (n= 22), sham/taurine (n= 22), IUGR (n= 22) and IUGR/taurine (n= 24). The offspring were studied at 12 wks of age. In offspring with normal birth weight, foetal taurine supplementation markedly stimulated postnatal growth. In sham/taurine females, fat depots, plasma free fatty acid and leptin concentrations were increased and insulin sensitivity was reduced. Insulin sensitivity was unaltered in IUGR and IUGR/taurine offspring. However, whereas IUGR offspring showed little catch-up growth, 50 % of IUGR/taurine animals displayed complete catch-up at 12 wks of age and these animals had increased fat depots and reduced insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, taurine supplementation in late gestation results in accelerated postnatal growth, which was associated with adult obesity and insulin resistance both in IUGR and normal offspring. This effect was particularly evident in females. These data suggest that foetal taurine availability is an important determinant for postnatal growth, insulin sensitivity and fat accumulation.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hultman, Lisa, 1978-
(författare)
-
Targeting the Unarmed : Strategic Rebel Violence in Civil War
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rebel attacks on civilians constitute one of the gravest threats to human security in contemporary armed conflicts. But why do rebel groups kill civilians? The dissertation approaches this question from a strategic perspective, trying to understand when and why rebel groups are likely to target civilians as a conflict strategy. It combines quantitative studies using global data on rebel group violence with a case study of the civil war in Mozambique. The overall argument is that rebel groups target civilians as a way of improving their bargaining position in the war relative to the government. The dissertation consists of an introduction, which situates the study in a wider context, and four papers that all deal with different aspects of the overall research question. Paper I introduces new data on one-sided violence against civilians, presenting trends over time and comparing types of actors and conflicts. Paper II argues that democratic governments are particularly vulnerable to rebel attacks on civilians, since they are dependent on the population. Corroborating this claim, statistical evidence shows that rebels indeed kill more civilians when fighting a democratic government. Paper III argues that rebels target civilians more when losing on the battlefield, as a method of raising the costs for the government to continue fighting. A statistical analysis employing monthly data on battle outcomes and rebel violence, supports this argument. Paper IV takes a closer look at the case of Mozambique, arguing that the rebel group Renamo used large-scale violence in areas dominated by government constituents as a means for hurting the government. Taken together, these findings suggest that violence against civilians should be understood as a strategy, rather than a consequence, of war.
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| 43. |
- Hultman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Estetiska regler och arkitekturkvalitet
- 2007
-
Ingår i: En fråga om kvalitet. - 9789189449916 ; , s. 271-311
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I kapitlet diskuteras sambandet mellan estetiska regler och kvalitet i ett arkitektursammanhang. Utgångspunkt är fallstudier hämtade från den amerikanska stadbyggnadsrörelsen New Urbanism och den teori som jag utvecklade i min avhandling "Seaside, Windsor och Celebration". Viktiga huvudbegrepp är stabil och spontan kvalitet, vilka står för kvalitet som är hög/god tack vare rådande normer, respektive trots rådande normer. Slutsatsen kan sammanfattas som att estetiska regler kan bidra till en högre arkitekturkvalitet, men att risken är att stabil kvalitet i enlighet med dominerande normer blir förhärskande.
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| 44. |
- Hultman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
New Urbanism : Med småstaden som förebild för förorten
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Tankar om förstadens framtid. - 9154059615 ; , s. 69-81
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kapitalet innehåller en kort introduktion till den amerikanska stadsbyggnadsrörelsen New Urbanism och dess småstadsideal, samt en diskussion kring frågan om det går att bygga städer i förorten. Med utgångspunkt i amerikanska och brittiska exempel diskuteras vad en nybyggd småstad skulle kunna vara och hur möjligheterna att lyckas med att bygga nya städer ser ut. Slutsatsen blir att det är möjligt, men svårt, att bygga nya städer, och att få försök har möjlighet att lyckas.
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| 45. |
- Hultman, Mats
(författare)
-
Seaside, Celebration och Windsor: Studier av urbana estetiska regler
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with aesthetic rules in an urban context. The dissertation develops a theoretical framework for understanding the role of aesthetic rules, especially urban design codes, in the process of improving the architectural quality of the built environment. In the context of this framework three case studies of urban design codes are presented. The over-arching aim is hermeneutical: to create a better understanding of the relationship between aesthetic rules and architectural quality. The more specific aim is to describe the cases in such a way that the reader gets an understanding of how the design codes have worked in these cases, and of their relation to the architectural quality of the places in question. The first two chapters discuss aesthetic rules mainly in relation to theories about quality and quality management. A key concept in this discussion is the division between spontaneous and stable quality derived from the philosophy of Robert M. Pirsig. This dichotomy and a comparison between the use of quality in architectural discourse and the practice of quality management leads to an assumption of the limited role of aesthetic rules. Aesthetic rules, as a part of an endeavour towards architectural quality, are assumed to be able to positively affect the stable quality, while the spontaneous quality can be influenced only indirectly. The third chapter introduces the movement of New Urbanism as the major ideological context of the three case studies. These are presented in chapter four and consist of studies of the design codes and the built environment of three Florida developments: Seaside, Celebration and Windsor. The cases are studied with qualitative research methods. They show that, alongside other factors like the ambitions of the developer and the cultural competence of the house buyers, the urban design codes in all three cases have contributed to an urban design and architecture with high stable quality. Furthermore the loose typological code in Seaside have permitted high spontaneous quality. A comparison between the more strict codes of Celebration and Windsor shows that the pattern book used in Celebration seems to be more restrictive in relation to spontaneous quality than the typological code of Windsor. In both cases, however, the high quality is predominantly stable. Consequently the cases support the assumption that aesthetic rules can affect the architectural quality in a positive way, but that great care must be taken in order not to stifle creativity and in that way prevent the appearance of spontaneous quality. Finally the conclusions and how they can be related to the Swedish planning context, together with the ethical and democratic aspects of aesthetic rules, are discussed.
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| 46. |
- Hållstedt, Julius, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of carbon and germanium on phase transformation of nickel on Si1-x-yGexCy epitaxial layers
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 95:5, s. 2397-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of carbon and germanium on phase transformation and sheet resistance of Ni on epitaxially grown Si1-x-yGexCy (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.24 and 0less than or equal toyless than or equal to0.01) layers annealed in a temperature range of 360 to 900degreesC has been investigated. The role of strain relaxation or compensation in the reaction of Ni on Si1-x-yGexCy layers due to Ge or C out-diffusion to the underlying layer during the phase transformation has also been investigated. The formed NiSiGe layers were crystalline, with strong (020)/(013) growth orientation in the direction, but the thermal stability decreased rapidly with increasing Ge amount due to agglomeration. However, this thermal behavior was shifted to higher annealing temperatures when carbon was incorporated in the SiGe layers. A carbon accumulation at the interface of NiSiGeC/SiGeC has been observed even at low-temperature annealing, which is suggested to retard the phase transformation and agglomeration of Ni/SiGeC system.
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| 47. |
- Jafari, Hamid
(författare)
-
Postponement and Logistics Flexibility in Retailing
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation addresses several general logistics problems in retailing regarding meeting a variety of customer demand and availability, efficiency and effectiveness in carrying inventory, and increased logistics flexibility. It builds upon the well-established supply chain principle of postponement, and argues for the benefits associated with it in tackling certain logistics challenges. Classically, most of the scholarly contributions in logistics and supply chain management in relation to postponement and logistics flexibility deal with manufacturing firms. This thesis contributes to the current literature by studying the concepts in a retail context. It shows the contemporary application of postponement, and the potential benefits associated with it. It could serve as a hint for retail decision-makers on prioritizing certain logistics decisions regarding their desired performance.The thesis aims to explore the application of postponement and logistics flexibility in retailing, and to investigate the resulting firm performance. It consists of a cover and a compilation of six articles, which serve to address three research questions. The thesis has a mixed methods design and consists of two empirical strands. The first two articles report two individually carried out systematic literature reviews on postponement and logistics flexibility, which serve as building blocks for the empirical strands. The first Strand, which consists of two empirical articles, includes qualitative case studies dealing with exploring how postponement is applied in retailing, seeking connections to logistics flexibility. Qualitative data is collected via a myriad of sources and tools. In Paper 3, data is collected on Media Markt, Jysk, and Lidl via interviews, and site visits, as well as from secondary sources on other supply chain actors, including service providers and product suppliers. Paper 4, explores a manifestation of postponement – customization – in upscale bicycle retailing in the nexus of retailers and consumers. It is built on qualitative data collected via interviews and netnography. The second Strand consists of two quantitative articles based on a cross-sectional survey of retailers in Sweden. Paper 5, which is of exploratory nature, deals with simplifying the complexities associated with logistics practices of retailers, and intends to provide a taxonomy of logistics configurations resulting from postponement and logistics flexibility. It also studies the performance differences of the identified groups of retailers. Finally, Paper 6 uses Structural Equation Modelling to explain the impact of postponement on logistics flexibility and well as that of the latter on firm performance. Also, the logistics flexibility-performance relationship is examined in the presence of uncertainty contingencies and logistics integration. Papers 5 and 6 use both strategic and financial measures of performance from subjective self-reported, as well as objective secondary sources.The results of the thesis show that postponement is gaining increased attention among scholars and practitioners. There is an expanding tendency towards involving other supply chain actors, including logistics service providers and especially consumers, in postponement activities. The case studies point to the different approaches to logistics flexibility and varied performance of retailers. The taxonomy study based on the configuration approach in Paper 5 is an attempt to tackle the complexity in understanding the logistics practices of retailers. Three groups of retailers were identified regarding their logistics configurations based on postponement and logistics flexibility, labeled as Rigid, Speculative, and Responsive. These groups were compared in relation to their financial and strategic performance, and it was shown that if speculation and logistics flexibility are high, then financial performance would be generally higher. If postponement and logistics flexibility are high, then strategic performance would be higher. Also, the thesis provides empirical support for the role of postponement in increased logistics flexibility in retailing. Also, higher logistics flexibility was proven to be associated with higher strategic firm performance. The impact of logistics flexibility on firm performance was shown to be moderated by uncertainty as well as by logistics integrations. As a result, performance is higher when both logistics flexibility and uncertainty are higher or lower. However, logistics integration proved to have contrasting positive and negative moderating roles when considering strategic and financial performance respectively, which could be traced back to the potentially high monetary engagement connected to logistics integration.
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| 48. |
- Johansson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
High Resolution Electron Microscopy Studies of Magnetron Sputtered Leek-Like CNx Films
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Electron Microscopy 1998 Volume III Materials Science 2. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0750305657 ; , s. 89-90
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the discovery of C fullerenes and later C nanotubes, nanostructures made out of C and B in combination with N have become of increasing interest due to their possible use in mechanical applications, e.g., as hard coatings as well as in nanoelectronics, e.g., for flat panel displays Still, however, no conclusive evidence of the formation of either closed cages or tubules made of carbon nitride CNx have been reported. Here we report on the formation of CNx, (0 < x < 0.33) fullerene-like structures in the form of tubular arrangements (leek-like) from curved CN basal planes with the c-axis in the substrate plane.
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| 49. |
- Johnson, Lars, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Microstructure evolution and age hardening in (Ti,Si)(C,N) thin films deposited by cathodic arc evaporation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 519:4, s. 1397-1403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ti1 − xSixCyN1 − y films have been deposited by reactive cathodic arc evaporation onto cemented carbide substrates. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elastic recoil detection analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron-energy loss spectroscopy and nanoindentation. Reactive arc evaporation in a mixed CH4 and N2 gas gave films with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.13 and 0≤y≤0.27. All films had the NaCl-structure with a dense columnar microstructure, containing a featherlike pattern of nanocrystalline grains for high Si and C contents. The film hardness was 32–40GPa. Films with x > 0 and y > 0 exhibited age-hardening up to 35–44 GPa when isothermally annealed up to 900 °C. The temperature threshold for over-ageing was decreased to 700 °C with increasing C and Si content, due to migration of Co, W and Cr from the substrate to the film, and loss of Si. The diffusion pathway was tied to grain boundaries provided by the featherlike substructure.
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| 50. |
- Kask, Johan, 1980-
(författare)
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On business relationships as Darwinian systems : an exploration into how Darwinian systems thinking can supportbusiness relationship research
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The demarcation between different traditions in contemporary research on business relationships reflects theoretical and methodological difficulties in the conceptualization of the nature of business relationships and how such relationships evolve. To tackle these problems, this thesis explores the fruitfulness of regarding business relationships as Darwinian systems, which accentuates kinship between Darwinism and systems thinking, and elaborates a treatment of business relationship transmutation as an iterative dynamic process that does not take the existence of business relationships – or the sequence of developmental stages – for granted.The thesis draws on findings in four essays as well as a stand-alone extended summary. These five parts complete the thesis. The discussion advances the idea that the tenets of systems thinking and of Generalized Darwinism are aligned and can provide a novel explanatory paradigm, although it takes marketing rigor to specify an emergent framework that conceptualizes the nature and evolution of business relationships. The concluding part elaborates the steps required for a more comprehensive Darwinian system theory of business relationships.A main contribution of the thesis is the exploration of an emergent theoretical composite – new to marketing – that integrates systems thinking, Generalized Darwinism and established business relationship conjectures. The thesis asserts the importance of configurational fit; the interaction between variation-creation and selective preservation to form a full Darwinian story; and the meaning of a logical distinction between manifested characteristics and the underlying instructions directing the former. Furthermore, the firm–relationship–market system hierarchy outlined highlights the business relationship as an emergent organizational form at a level above that of the individual firm, stressing the importance of its dual nature and as an evolving system alike, thus endorsing research to tackle the central theoretical and methodological difficulties of business relationships’ nature and evolution.
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