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- Taddei, C, et al.
(författare)
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Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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| 2. |
- Bagwell, CB, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analyses of flow cytometric S-phase and ploidy as node-negative breast cancer prognostic factors : an international and multi-center study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Abstract Issue, 24th Annual San Antonio, Breast Cancer Symposium. December 10-13, 2001 San Antonio Marriott Rivercenter, Texas, USA.. ; , s. 260-260
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently a set of ten adjustments that optimizes the prognostic strength of both DNA ploidy (P) and S-phase (S) was published (Cytometry, 46(3), 2001). Also presented was an optimal method of combining P and S (P+S) that stratifies node-negative patients into highly significant risk groups. The adjustments compensate for many unappreciated complexities in categorizing P into low and high risk groups and eliminate unwanted correlation between P and S. The purpose of this study is to examine P+S in the context of other well-known prognostic factors such as primary size (pT), estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER,PR) and menopausal status (MS). Methods: DNA histograms derived from frozen primary tumors and clinical databases were provided by Baylor College, n=935; Sweden, n=210 (Lund, Linkoping, Stockholm) and France, n=220 (Angers, Marseille, Saint Cloud, Tours). Time to metastasis was the tested clinical outcome. Results: Cox proportional hazards analysis of theBaylor data revealed P+S, p<0.000002, and pT, p<0.003, as independent significant prognostic factors. The Sweden study also showed P+S the mostsignificant prognostic factor, p<0.002, as well as MS, p<0.004 and ER, p<0.007. The French study results were MS, p<0.0005, P+S, p<0.002 and pT, p<0.007.A P+S, MS and pT prognostic model stratified patients in all studies into highly significant categories, Baylor, p<0.000005, Sweden, p<0.00001, and French, p<0.000005, with low and high risk 10-year relapse-free survival fractions of 0.92-0.69, 0.95-0.58 and 0.96-0.60 respectively. Conclusion: A combined P+S, MS and pT prognostic model is a powerful and reliable method of stratifying node-negative breast cancer patients into highly significant prognostic groups.
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| 3. |
- Baldetorp, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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DNA and cell cycle analysis as prognostic indicators in breast tumors revisited
- 2001
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Ingår i: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. - 0272-2712 .- 1557-9832. ; 21:4, s. 875-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both DNA ploidy and S-phase ploidy are promising prognostic factors for node-negative breast cancer patients. Based largely on the analysis of one large study, much of the reported problems with these factors have been caused by some unappreciated complexities in categorizing DNA ploidy into low- and high-risk groups and the lack of some necessary adjustments to eliminate unwanted correlations between DNA S-phase and ploidy. When both DNA ploidy and S-phase are compensated properly, they become independent prognostic markers, forming a powerful prognostic model.
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