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1.	Atkin, Owen K, et al. (författare) Evans Review No. 2: The hot and the cold: unravelling the variable response of plant respiration to temperature 2005 Ingår i: Functional Plant Biology. ; 32, s. 87-105 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract When predicting the effects of climate change, global carbon circulation models that include a positive feedback effect of climate warming on the carbon cycle often assume that (1) plant respiration increases exponentially with temperature (with a constant Q10) and (2) that there is no acclimation of respiration to long-term changes in temperature. In this review, we show that these two assumptions are incorrect. While Q10 does not respond systematically to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, other factors such as temperature, light, and water availability all have the potential to influence the temperature sensitivity of respiratory CO2 efflux. Roots and leaves can also differ in their Q10 values, as can upper and lower canopy leaves. The consequences of such variable Q10 values need to be fully explored in carbon modelling. Here, we consider the extent of variability in the degree of thermal acclimation of respiration, and discuss in detail the biochemical mechanisms underpinning this variability; the response of respiration to long-term changes in temperature is highly dependent on the effect of temperature on plant development, and on interactive effects of temperature and other abiotic factors (e.g. irradiance, drought and nutrient availability). Rather than acclimating to the daily mean temperature, recent studies suggest that other components of the daily temperature regime can be important (e.g. daily minimum and / or night temperature). In some cases, acclimation may simply reflect a passive response to changes in respiratory substrate availability, whereas in others acclimation may be critical in helping plants grow and survive at contrasting temperatures. We also consider the impact of acclimation on the balance between respiration and photosynthesis; although environmental factors such as water availability can alter the balance between these two processes, the available data suggests that temperature-mediated differences in dark leaf respiration are closely linked to concomitant differences in leaf photosynthesis. We conclude by highlighting the need for a greater process-based understanding of thermal acclimation of respiration if we are to successfully predict future ecosystem CO2 fluxes and potential feedbacks on atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
2.	Atkin, Owen K, et al. (författare) Temperature dependence of respiration in roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 2009 Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 182:1, s. 188-199 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract * The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is ubiquitous, and the fungus represents a major pathway for carbon movement in the soil-plant system. Here, we investigated the impacts of AM colonization of Plantago lanceolata and temperature on the regulation of root respiration (R). * Warm-grown AM plants exhibited higher rates of R than did nonAM plants, irrespective of root mass. AM plants exhibited higher maximal rates of R (R(max)-R measured in the presence of an uncoupler and exogenous substrate) and greater proportional use of R(max) as a result of increased energy demand and/or substrate supply. The higher R values exhibited by AM plants were not associated with higher maximal rates of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) or protein abundance of either the COX or the alternative oxidase. * Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization had no effect on the short-term temperature dependence (Q(10)) of R. Cold-acclimated nonAM plants exhibited higher rates of R than their warm-grown nonAM counterparts. By contrast, chilling had a negligible effect on R of AM-plants. Thus, AM plants exhibited less cold acclimation than their nonAM counterparts. * Overall, these results highlight the way in which AM colonization alters the underlying components of respiratory metabolism and the response of root R to sustained changes in growth temperature.
3.	Atkin, Owen K, et al. (författare) Using temperature-dependent changes in leaf scaling relationships to quantitatively account forthermal acclimation of respiration in a coupled global climate-vegetation model 2008 Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 14, s. 2709-2726 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The response of plant respiration (R) to temperature is an important component of the biosphere's response to climate change. At present, most global models assume that R increases exponentially with temperature and does not thermally acclimate. Although we now know that acclimation does occur, quantitative incorporation of acclimation into models has been lacking. Using a dataset for 19 species grown at four temperatures (7, 14, 21, and 28 °C), we have assessed whether sustained differences in growth temperature systematically alter the slope and/or intercepts of the generalized log–log plots of leaf R vs. leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA) and vs. leaf nitrogen (N) concentration. The extent to which variations in growth temperature account for the scatter observed in log–log R–LMA–N scaling relationships was also assessed. We show that thermal history accounts for up to 20% of the scatter in scaling relationships used to predict R, with the impact of thermal history on R–LMA–N generalized scaling relationships being highly predictable. This finding enabled us to quantitatively incorporate acclimation of R into a coupled global climate–vegetation model. We show that accounting for acclimation of R has negligible impact on predicted annual rates of global R, net primary productivity (NPP) or future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, our analysis suggests that accounting for acclimation is important when considering carbon fluxes among thermally contrasting biomes (e.g. accounting for acclimation decreases predicted rates of R by up to 20% in high-temperature biomes). We conclude that acclimation of R needs to be accounted for when predicting potential responses of terrestrial carbon exchange to climatic change at a regional level.
4.	Atkinson, Lindsey J, et al. (författare) Impact of growth temperature on scaling relationships linking photosynthetic metabolism to leaf functional traits 2010 Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 24:6, s. 1181-1191 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract 1. Scaling relationships linking photosynthesis (A) to leaf traits are important for predicting vegetation patterns and plant-atmosphere carbon fluxes. Here, we investigated the impact of growth temperature on such scaling relationships.2. We assessed whether changes in growth temperature systematically altered the slope and/or intercepts of log-log plots of A vs leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations for 19 contrasting plant species grown hydroponically at four temperatures (7, 14, 21 and 28 degrees C) in controlled environment cabinets. Responses of 21 degrees C-grown pre-existing (PE) leaves experiencing a 10 day growth temperature (7, 14, 21 and 28 degrees C) treatment, and newly-developed (ND) leaves formed at each of the four new growth temperatures, were quantified. Irrespective of the growth temperature treatment, rates of light-saturated photosynthesis (A) were measured at 21 degrees C.3. Changes in growth temperature altered the scaling between A and leaf traits in pre-existing (PE) leaves, with thermal history accounting for up to 17% and 31% of the variation on a mass and area basis, respectively. However, growth temperature played almost no role in accounting for scatter when comparisons were made of newly-developed (ND) leaves that form at each growth temperature.4. Photosynthetic nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency (PNUE and PPUE, respectively) decreased with increasing LMA. No systematic differences in temperature-mediated reductions in PNUE or PPUE of PE leaves were found among species.5. Overall, these results highlight the importance of leaf development in determining the effects of sustained changes in growth temperature on scaling relationships linking photosynthesis to other leaf traits.
5.	Augusti, Angela, 1968- (författare) Monitoring climate and plant physiology using deuterium isotopomers of carbohydrates 2007 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Climate is changing and it is certain that this change is due to human activities. Atmospheric greenhouse gases have been rising in an unprecedented way during the last two centuries, although the land biosphere has dampened their increase by absorbing CO2 emitted by anthropogenic activities. However, it is unclear if this will continue in the future. This uncertainty makes it difficult to predict future climate changes and to determine how much greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced to protect climate. To understand the future role of plants in limiting the atmospheric CO2 level, the effect of increasing CO2 on plant photosynthesis and productivity has been studied. However, studies on trees showed contradictory results, which depended on the duration of the experiment. This revealed that an initial strong CO2 fertilization may be a transient response that disappears after a few years. Because climate changes over centuries, we must explore the response of vegetation to increasing CO2 on this time scale. Studying tree rings is a good alternative to impractical decade-long experiments, because trees have experienced the CO2 increase during the last 200 years and may already have responded to it. This thesis shows that the intramolecular distribution of the stable hydrogen isotope deuterium (deuterium isotopomer distribution, DID) of tree rings is a reliable tool to study long-term plant-climate adaptations. The premise for this is that the deuterium abundance in tree rings depends on environmental as well as physiological factors. Using newly developed methodology for DID measurements, the influences of both factors can be separated. Applied to tree rings, separating both factors opens a strategy for simultaneous reconstruction of climate and of physiological responses. The results presented show that DIDs are influenced by kinetic isotope effects of enzymes, allowing studies of metabolic regulation. We show that the abundances of specific D isotopomers in tree-ring cellulose indeed allow identifying environmental and physiological factors. For example, the D2 isotopomer is mostly influenced by environment, its abundance should allow better reconstruction of past temperature. On the other hand, the abundance ratio of two isotopomers (D6R and D6S) depends on atmospheric CO2, and might serve as a measure of the efficiency of photosynthesis (ratio of photorespiration to assimilation). The presence of this dependence in all species tested and in tree-ring cellulose allows studying adaptations of plants to increasing CO2 on long time scales, using tree-ring series or other remnant plant material.
6.	Benedict, Catherine, 1977- (författare) Cold Acclimation : Dissecting the plant low temperature signaling pathway using functional genomics 2006 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The physiological process of cold acclimation protects plants native to the temperate regions of the world from the deleterious effects of low and freezing temperatures. This is achieved by a series of transcriptional, regulatory, and metabolic changes that enable continued growth and survival. Within minutes of exposure to temperatures below ca. 10°C, a complex cascade of transcriptional events is initiated to accomplish these changes. The initial alarm phase favors the rapid induction of a library of stress proteins with protective functions (e.g. COR proteins). This is followed by a cold hardened phase, characterized by maximal freezing tolerance, which continues until either the stress is removed, or the plant's metabolic and/or developmental state can no longer support maximal resistance. We have studied some of the important transcription factors and transcriptional changes associated with the initial alarm and later hardened phases of cold acclimation in the herbaceous annual Arabidopsis thaliana and the woody perennial Populus spp. We confirmed the functionality of the CBF-mediated signaling cascade in Poplar overexpressing AtCBF1, but noted that regulon composition and endogenous poplar CBF ortholog induction appeared to be tissue-specific. The lack of statistically significant DRE enrichment in the Poplar AtCBF1 regulons led us to investige cis-element abundance in the cold-associated transcription factor regulons of publicly available microarray data from Arabidopsis, leading to the development of a gene voting method of microarray analysis that we used to test for regulatory associations between transcription factors and their downstream cis-elements and gene targets. This analysis resulted in a new transcriptional model of the ICE1-mediated signaling cascade and implicated a role for phytochrome A. Application of this same method to microarray data from arabidopsis leaves developed at low temperature allowed us to identify a new cis-element, called DDT, which possessed enhancer-blocking function during the alarm stage of cold stress, but was enriched in the promoters of genes upregulated during the later cold hardened stages. As leaf growth and development at low temperature correlated with the enhancement freeze tolerance in Arabidopsis, we compared the transcriptomes of rapidly growing and fully grown poplar leaves at night (when both low temperatures and PhyA status might play important roles in nature), in the hopes of comparing this data with that of cold-treated leaves in the future. We identified the nocturnal mode of leaf growth in Populus deltoides as predominantly proliferative as opposed to expansive, and potentially linked to cellular carbohydrate status.
7.	Benedict, Catherine, et al. (författare) Consensus by democracy. Using meta-analyses of microarray and genomic data to model the cold acclimation signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. 2006 Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 141:4, s. 1219-1232 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The whole-genome response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) exposed to different types and durations of abiotic stress has now been described by a wealth of publicly available microarray data. When combined with studies of how gene expression is affected in mutant and transgenic Arabidopsis with altered ability to transduce the low temperature signal, these data can be used to test the interactions between various low temperature-associated transcription factors and their regulons. We quantized a collection of Affymetrix microarray data so that each gene in a particular regulon could vote on whether a cis-element found in its promoter conferred induction (+1), repression (–1), or no transcriptional change (0) during cold stress. By statistically comparing these election results with the voting behavior of all genes on the same gene chip, we verified the bioactivity of novel cis-elements and defined whether they were inductive or repressive. Using in silico mutagenesis we identified functional binding consensus variants for the transcription factors studied. Our results suggest that the previously identified ICEr1 (induction of CBF expression region 1) consensus does not correlate with cold gene induction, while the ICEr3/ICEr4 consensuses identified using our algorithms are present in regulons of genes that were induced coordinate with observed ICE1 transcript accumulation and temporally preceding genes containing the dehydration response element. Statistical analysis of overlap and cis-element enrichment in the ICE1, CBF2, ZAT12, HOS9, and PHYA regulons enabled us to construct a regulatory network supported by multiple lines of evidence that can be used for future hypothesis testing.
8.	Benedict, Catherine, et al. (författare) The CBF1-dependent low temperature signalling pathway, regulon and increase in freeze tolerance are conserved in Populus spp 2006 Ingår i: Plant, Cell and Environment. - Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd. - 0140-7791 .- 1365-3040. ; 29:7, s. 1259-1272 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The meristematic tissues of temperate woody perennials must acclimate to freezing temperatures to survive the winter and resume growth the following year. To determine whether the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) family of transcription factors contributing to this process in annual herbaceous species also functions in woody perennials, we investigated the changes in phenotype and transcript profile of transgenic Populus constitutively expressing CBF1 from Arabidopsis (AtCBF1). Ectopic expression of AtCBF1 was sufficient to significantly increase the freezing tolerance of non-acclimated leaves and stems relative to wild-type plants. cDNA microarray experiments identified genes up-regulated by ectopic AtCBF1 expression in Populus, demonstrated a strong conservation of the CBF regulon between Populus and Arabidopsis and identified differences between leaf and stem regulons. We studied the induction kinetics and tissue specificity of four CBF paralogues identified from the Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa genome sequence (PtCBFs). All four PtCBFs are cold-inducible in leaves, but only PtCBF1 and PtCBF3 show significant induction in stems. Our results suggest that the central role played by the CBF family of transcriptional activators in cold acclimation of Arabidopsis has been maintained in Populus. However, the differential expression of the PtCBFs and differing clusters of CBF-responsive genes in annual (leaf) and perennial (stem) tissues suggest that the perennial-driven evolution of winter dormancy may have given rise to specific roles for these 'master-switches' in the different annual and perennial tissues of woody species.
9.	Benedict, Catherine, et al. (författare) The novel enhancer-blocking cis-element DDT is enriched in genes associated with long-term acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
10.	Benedict, Catherine, et al. (författare) The Role of the CBF-dependent Signalling Pathway in Woody Perennials 2006 Ingår i: Cold Hardiness in Plants. - Wallingford : CABI Publishing. - 9780851990590 ; , s. 167-180 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
11.	Bonner, Mark T. L., et al. (författare) Why does nitrogen addition to forest soils inhibit decomposition? 2019 Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 137 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Enrichment of forest soils with inorganic nitrogen (N) tends to inhibit oxidative enzyme expression by microbes and reduces plant litter and soil organic matter decomposition rates. Without further explanation than is currently presented in the scientific literature, we argue that upregulation of oxidative enzymes seems a more competitive response to prolonged N enrichment at high rates than the observed downregulation. Thus, as it stands, observed responses are inconsistent with predicted responses. In this article, we present a hypothesis that resolves this conflict. We suggest that high rates of N addition alter the competitive balance between enzymatic lignin mineralisation and non-enzymatic lignin oxidation. Using metatransciptomics and chemical assays to examine boreal forest soils, we found that N addition suppressed peroxidase activity, but not iron reduction activity (involved in non-enzymatic lignin oxidation). Our hypothesis seems positioned as a parsimonious and empirically consistent working model that warrants further testing.
12.	Campbell, Catherine, et al. (författare) Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration in response to change in growth temperature is asynchronous across plant functional groups 2007 Ingår i: New Phytologist. - 0028-646X. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
13.	Campbell, Catherine D, 1976-, et al. (författare) Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration is asynchronous in response to changes in temperature regardless of plant functional group 2007 Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 176:2, s. 375-389 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract • Gas exchange, fluorescence, western blot and chemical composition analyses were combined to assess if three functional groups (forbs, grasses and evergreen trees/shrubs) differed in acclimation of leaf respiration (R) and photosynthesis (A) to a range of growth temperatures (7, 14, 21 and 28°C).• When measured at a common temperature, acclimation was greater for R than for A and differed between leaves experiencing a 10-d change in growth temperature (PE) and leaves newly developed at each temperature (ND). As a result, the R : A ratio was temperature dependent, increasing in cold-acclimated plants. The balance was largely restored in ND leaves. Acclimation responses were similar among functional groups.• Across the functional groups, cold acclimation was associated with increases in nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogen. Cold acclimation of R was associated with an increase in abundance of alternative and/or cytochrome oxidases in a species-dependent manner. Cold acclimation of A was consistent with an initial decrease and subsequent recovery of thylakoid membrane proteins and increased abundance of proteins involved in the Calvin cycle.• Overall, the results point to striking similarities in the extent and the biochemical underpinning of acclimation of R and A among contrasting functional groups differing in overall rates of metabolism, chemical composition and leaf structure.
14.	Campbell, D, et al. (författare) Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of cyanobacterial photosynthesis and acclimation 1998 Ingår i: Microbiology and molecular biology reviews. - 1092-2172 .- 1098-5557. ; 62:3, s. 667- Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Cyanobacteria are ecologically important photosynthetic prokaryotes that also serve as popular model organisms for studies of photosynthesis and gene regulation. Both molecular and ecological studies of cyanobacteria benefit from real-time information on photosynthesis and acclimation. Monitoring in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence can provide noninvasive measures of photosynthetic physiology in a wide range of cyanobacteria and cyanolichens and requires only small samples. Cyanobacterial fluorescence patterns are distinct from those of plants, because of key structural and functional properties of cyanobacteria. These include significant fluorescence emission from the light-harvesting phycobiliproteins; large and rapid changes in fluorescence yield (state transitions) which depend on metabolic and environmental conditions; and flexible, overlapping respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains. The fluorescence parameters F-V/F-M. F-V'/F-M', q(p),q(N), NPQ, and phi PS II were originally developed to extract information from the fluorescence signals of higher plants. In this review, we consider how the special properties of cyanobacteria can be accommodated and used to extract biologically useful information from cyanobacterial in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence signals. We describe how the pattern of fluorescence yield versus light intensity can be used to predict the acclimated light level for a cyanobacterial population, giving information valuable for both laboratory and field studies of acclimation processes. The size of the change in fluorescence yield during dark-to-light transitions can provide information on respiration and the iron status of the cyanobacteria. Finally, fluorescence parameters cart be used to estimate the electron transport rate at the acclimated growth light intensity.
15.	Castro, David, et al. (författare) Effects of early, small-scale nitrogen addition on germination and early growth of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings and on the recruitment of the root-associated fungal community 2021 Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 12:11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most economically important species to the Swedish forest industry, and cost-efficient planting methods are needed to ensure successful reestab-lishment after harvesting forest stands. While the majority of clear-cuts are replanted with pre-grown seedlings, direct seeding can be a viable option on poorer sites. Organic fertilizer has been shown to improve planted seedling establishment, but the effect on direct seeding is less well known. Therefore, at a scarified (disc trencher harrowed) clear-cut site in northern Sweden, we evaluated the effect of early, small-scale nitrogen addition on establishment and early recruitment of fungi from the disturbed soil community by site-planted Scots pine seeds. Individual seeds were planted using a moisture retaining germination matrix containing 10 mg nitrogen in the form of either arginine phosphate or ammonium nitrate. After one growing season, we collected seedlings and assessed the fungal community of seedling roots and the surrounding soil. Our results demonstrate that early, small-scale N addition increases seedling survival and needle carbon content, that there is rapid recruitment of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the roots and rhizosphere of the young seedlings and that this rapid recruitment was modified but not prevented by N addition.
16.	Castro, David, et al. (författare) Soil Microbiome Influences on Seedling Establishment and Growth of Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo from Northern Chile 2022 Ingår i: Plants. - : MDPI AG. - 2223-7747. ; 11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo, two woody legumes adapted to the arid regions of Chile, have a declining distribution due to the lack of new seedling establishment. This study investigated the potential of both species to establish in soil collected from four locations in Chile, within and outside the species distribution, and to assess the role of the root-colonizing microbiome in seedling establishment and growth. Seedling survival, height, and water potential were measured to assess establishment success and growth. 16S and ITS2 amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the composition of microbial communities from the different soils and to assess the ability of both Prosopis species to recruit bacteria and fungi from the different soils. Both species were established on three of the four soils. P. tamarugo seedlings showed significantly higher survival in foreign soils and maintained significantly higher water potential in Mediterranean soils. Amplicon sequencing showed that the four soils harbored distinct microbial communities. Root-associated microbial composition indicated that P. chilensis preferentially recruited mycorrhizal fungal partners while P. tamarugo recruited abundant bacteria with known salt-protective functions. Our results suggest that a combination of edaphic properties and microbial soil legacy are potential factors mediating the Prosopis establishment success in different soils.
17.	Ciereszko, I, et al. (författare) Phosphate status affects the gene expression, protein content and enzymatic activity of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wild-type and pho mutants of Arabidopsis. 2001 Ingår i: Planta. - 0032-0935. ; 212:4, s. 598-605 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
18.	Colesie, Claudia, et al. (författare) Can Antarctic lichens acclimatize to changes in temperature? 2018 Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 24, s. 1123-1135 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Antarctic Peninsula, a tundra biome dominated by lichens and bryophytes, is an ecozone undergoing rapid temperature shifts. Such changes may demand a high physiological plasticity of the local lichen species to maintain their role as key drivers in this pristine habitat. This study examines the response of net photosynthesis and respiration to increasing temperatures for three Antarctic lichen species with different ecological response amplitudes. We hypothesize that negative effects caused by increased temperatures can be mitigated by thermal acclimation of respiration and/or photosynthesis. The fully controlled growth chamber experiment simulated intermediate and extreme temperature increases over the time course of 6 weeks. Results showed that, in contrast to our hypothesis, none of the species was able to down-regulate temperature-driven respiratory losses through thermal acclimation of respiration. Instead, severe effects on photobiont vitality demonstrated that temperatures around 15 degrees C mark the upper limit for the two species restricted to the Antarctic, and when mycobiont demands exceeded the photobiont capacity they could not survive within the lichen thallus. In contrast, the widespread lichen species was able to recover its homoeostasis by rapidly increasing net photosynthesis. We conclude that to understand the complete lichen response, acclimation processes of both symbionts, the photo- and the mycobiont, have to be evaluated separately. As a result, we postulate that any acclimation processes in lichen are species-specific. This, together with the high degree of response variability and sensitivity to temperature in different species that co-occur spatially close, complicates any predictions regarding future community composition in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, our results suggest that species with a broad ecological amplitude may be favoured with on-going changes in temperature.
19.	Druart, Nathalie, et al. (författare) Molecular targets of elevated [CO2] in leaves and stems of Populus deltoides: implications for future tree growth and carbon sequestration 2006 Ingår i: Functional Plant Biology. ; 33, s. 121-131 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We report the first comprehensive analysis of the effects of elevated [CO2] on gene expression in source leaf and stem sink tissues in woody plants. We have taken advantage of coppiced Populus deltoides (Bartr.) stands grown for 3 years under three different and constant elevated [CO2] in the agriforest mesocosms of Biosphere 2. Leaf area per tree was doubled by elevated [CO2] but although growth at 800 v. 400 µmol mol–1 CO2 resulted in a significant increase in stem biomass, growth was not stimulated at 1200 µmol mol–1 CO2. Growth under elevated [CO2] also resulted in significant increases in stem wood density. Analysis of expression data for the 13 490 clones present on POP1 microarrays revealed 95 and 277 [CO2]-responsive clones in leaves and stems respectively, with the response being stronger at 1200 µmol mol–1. When these [CO2]-responsive genes were assigned to functional categories, metabolism-related genes were the most responsive to elevated [CO2]. However within this category, expression of genes relating to bioenergetic processes was unchanged in leaves whereas the expression of genes for storage proteins and of those involved in control of wall expansion was enhanced. In contrast to leaves, the genes up-regulated in stems under elevated [CO2] were primarily enzymes responsible for lignin formation and polymerisation or ethylene response factors, also known to induce lignin biosynthesis. Concomitant with this enhancement of lignin biosynthesis in stems, there was a pronounced repression of genes related to cell wall formation and cell growth. These changes in gene expression have clear consequences for long-term carbon sequestration, reducing the carbon-fertilisation effect, and the potential for increased lignification may negatively impact on future wood quality for timber and paper production.
20.	Goulas, Estelle, et al. (författare) The chloroplast lumen and stromal proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana show differential sensitivity to short- and long-term exposure to low temperature. 2006 Ingår i: Plant Journal. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 47:5, s. 720-34 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cold acclimation and over-wintering by herbaceous plants are energetically expensive and are dependent on functional plastid metabolism. To understand how the stroma and the lumen proteomes adapt to low temperatures, we have taken a proteomic approach (difference gel electrophoresis) to identify proteins that changed in abundance in Arabidopsis chloroplasts during cold shock (1 day), and short- (10 days) and long-term (40 days) acclimation to 5°C. We show that cold shock (1 day) results in minimal change in the plastid proteomes, while short-term (10 days) acclimation results in major changes in the stromal but few changes in the lumen proteome. Long-term acclimation (40 days) results in modulation of the proteomes of both compartments, with new proteins appearing in the lumen and further modulations in protein abundance occurring in the stroma. We identify 43 differentially displayed proteins that participate in photosynthesis, other plastid metabolic functions, hormone biosynthesis and stress sensing and signal transduction. These findings not only provide new insights into the cold response and acclimation of Arabidopsis, but also demonstrate the importance of studying changes in protein abundance within the relevant cellular compartment.
21.	Guy, Charles, et al. (författare) Plant cold and abiotic stress gets hot 2006 Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - : Wiley. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 126, s. 1-4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
22.	Haas, Julia Christa, 1987- (författare) Abiotic stress and plant-microbe interactions in Norway spruce 2018 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a dominant tree species in boreal forests with extensive ecological and economic value. Climate change is threatening these ecosystems, with rising temperatures impacting cold hardening and increasing drought stress in regions experiencing lower precipitation. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and nitrogen deposition can, in contrast, partially offset such negative effects by improving tree growth and carbon uptake. Similar to aboveground carbon fixation, carbon sequestration in boreal soils is important. Bacteria and fungi mineralize organic matter and, by making nutrients available for plants, are important for tree health. The ability of Norway spruce and the associated microbiota to adapt to climate change is of fundamental importance for ecosystem functioning and is the focus of this thesis.Norway spruce seedlings were subjected to cold or drought stress and the transcriptional response compared to known mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Analyses revealed that while there was overlap in the stress responses between species, including increased osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance, the majority of differentially expressed genes were stress-responsive only in Norway spruce. Importantly, transcription factors of the abscisic acid dependent and independent pathways were not differentially expressed or were missing homolog sequences in Norway spruce, indicating that different regulatory pathways are active in Norway spruce and suggesting that stress response has evolved differently in the species. Furthermore, differential gene expression in roots differed extensively from that of needles in response to stress and highlighted the need for separate profiling in above- and belowground tissues.In another study at the Flakaliden research site in northern Sweden, the effects of long-term nutrient addition on the microbiota associated with mature Norway spruce were tested. In agreement with earlier findings, nutrient addition improved tree growth and phylogenetic marker gene analysis on DNA of fungi and bacteria provided new insights into associated changes in plant-microbe interactions. Microbial diversity increased over time and compositional changes in nitrophilic community members indicated changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling at the plant-microbe interface, which has implications for carbon storage in boreal forest soils in the future. Follow-up RNA-based techniques largely confirmed community members from marker gene analysis.In summary, understanding of both the Norway spruce-specific responses to abiotic stress and the ability of the associated microbiota to cope with the environmental changes are essential for future productivity, survival and distribution of Norway spruce forests. Sustainability will depend on tree vitality and a more holistic understanding of tree-microbe interactions is required to model future sustainability.
23.	Haas, Julia Christa, et al. (författare) Candidate regulators and target genes of drought-stress in needles and roots of Norway spruce Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
24.	Haas, Julia Christa, et al. (författare) Candidate regulators and target genes of drought stress in needles and roots of Norway spruce 2021 Ingår i: Tree Physiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0829-318X .- 1758-4469. ; 41:7, s. 1230-1246 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Drought stress impacts seedling establishment, survival and whole-plant productivity. Molecular responses to drought stress have been most extensively studied in herbaceous species, mostly considering only aboveground tissues. Coniferous tree species dominate boreal forests, which are predicted to be exposed to more frequent and acute drought as a result of ongoing climate change. The associated impact at all stages of the forest tree life cycle is expected to have large-scale ecological and economic impacts. However, the molecular response to drought has not been comprehensively profiled for coniferous species. We assayed the physiological and transcriptional response of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst seedling needles and roots after exposure to mild and severe drought. Shoots and needles showed an extensive reversible plasticity for physiological measures indicative of drought-response mechanisms, including changes in stomatal conductance (gs), shoot water potential and abscisic acid (ABA). In both tissues, the most commonly observed expression profiles in response to drought were highly correlated with the ABA levels. Still, root and needle transcriptional responses contrasted, with extensive root-specific down-regulation of growth. Comparison between previously characterized Arabidopsis thaliana L. drought-response genes and P. abies revealed both conservation and divergence of transcriptional response to drought. In P. abies, transcription factors belonging to the ABA responsive element(ABRE) binding/ABRE binding factors ABA-dependent pathway had a more limited role. These results highlight the importance of profiling both above- and belowground tissues, and provide a comprehensive framework to advance the understanding of the drought response of P. abies. The results demonstrate that a short-term, severe drought induces severe physiological responses coupled to extensive transcriptome modulation and highlight the susceptibility of Norway spruce seedlings to such drought events.
25.	Haas, Julia Christa, et al. (författare) Microbial community response to growing season and plant nutrient optimisation in a boreal Norway spruce forest 2018 Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 125, s. 197-209 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Interactions between Norway spruce trees and bacteria and fungi in nutrient limited boreal forests can be beneficial for tree growth and fitness. Tree-level effects of anthropogenic nutrient addition have been well studied, however understanding of the long-term effects on the associated microbiota is limited. Here, we report on the sensitivity of microbial community composition to the growing season and nutrient additions. Highthroughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 region was used to characterise changes in the microbial community after application of a complete mineral nutrient mixture for five and 25 years. The experiment was conducted using the Flakaliden forest research site in northern boreal Sweden and included naturally low nutrient control plots. Needle and fine root samples of Norway spruce were sampled in addition to bulk soil during one growing season to provide comprehensive insight into phyllosphere and belowground microbiota community changes. The phyllosphere microbiota was compositionally distinct from the belowground communities and phyllosphere diversity increased significantly over the growing season but was not influenced by the improved nutrient status of the trees. In both root and soil samples, alpha diversity of fungal, in particular ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), and bacterial communities increased after long-term nutrient optimisation, and with increasing years of treatment the composition of the fungal and bacterial communities changed toward a community with a higher relative abundance of nitrophilic EMF and bacterial species but did not cause complete loss of nitrophobic species from the ecosystem. From this, we conclude that 25 years of continuous nutrient addition to a boreal spruce stand increased phylotype richness and diversity of the microbiota in the soil, and at the root-soil interface, suggesting that long-term anthropogenic nutrient inputs can have positive effects on belowground biodiversity that may enhance ecosystem robustness. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of these changes to the microbiota on ecosystem carbon storage and nitrogen cycling in boreal forests.
26.	Hendrickson, Luke, et al. (författare) Cold acclimation of the Arabidopsis dgd1 mutant results in recovery from photosystem I-limited photosynthesis. 2006 Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - : Wiley. - 0014-5793. ; 580:20, s. 4959-68 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We compared the thylakoid membrane composition and photosynthetic properties of non- and cold-acclimated leaves from the dgd1 mutant (lacking >90% of digalactosyl–diacylglycerol; DGDG) and wild type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana. In contrast to warm grown plants, cold-acclimated dgd1 leaves recovered pigment-protein pools and photosynthetic function equivalent to WT. Surprisingly, this recovery was not correlated with an increase in DGDG. When returned to warm temperatures the severe dgd1 mutant phenotype reappeared. We conclude that the relative recovery of photosynthetic activity at 5 °C resulted from a temperature/lipid interaction enabling the stable assembly of PSI complexes in the thylakoid.
27.	Heskel, Mary A., et al. (författare) Convergence in the temperature response of leaf respiration across biomes and plant functional types 2016 Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:14, s. 3832-3837 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Plant respiration constitutes a massive carbon flux to the atmosphere, and a major control on the evolution of the global carbon cycle. It therefore has the potential to modulate levels of climate change due to the human burning of fossil fuels. Neither current physiological nor terrestrial biosphere models adequately describe its short-term temperature response, and even minor differences in the shape of the response curve can significantly impact estimates of ecosystem carbon release and/or storage. Given this, it is critical to establish whether there are predictable patterns in the shape of the respiration-temperature response curve, and thus in the intrinsic temperature sensitivity of respiration across the globe. Analyzing measurements in a comprehensive database for 231 species spanning 7 biomes, we demonstrate that temperature-dependent increases in leaf respiration do not follow a commonly used exponential function. Instead, we find a decelerating function as leaves warm, reflecting a declining sensitivity to higher temperatures that is remarkably uniform across all biomes and plant functional types. Such convergence in the temperature sensitivity of leaf respiration suggests that there are universally applicable controls on the temperature response of plant energy metabolism, such that a single new function can predict the temperature dependence of leaf respiration for global vegetation. This simple function enables straightforward description of plant respiration in the land-surface components of coupled earth system models. Our cross-biome analyses shows significant implications for such fluxes in cold climates, generally projecting lower values compared with previous estimates.
28.	Heskel, Mary A., et al. (författare) Reply to Adams et al. : Empirical versus process-based approaches to modeling temperature responses of leaf respiration 2016 Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:41, s. E5996-E5997 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
29.	Hjältén, Joakim, et al. (författare) Unintentional changes of defence traits in GM trees can influence plant-herbivore interactions 2007 Ingår i: Basic and Applied Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-1791. ; 8:3, s. 434-443 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract GM trees hold promises of increased quality and yield and reduced use of herbicides and pesticides but could also have ecological consequences. We investigated whether modification of a non-defensive trait unintentionally influenced plant traits important for plant-herbivore interactions. We found that over-expression of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), which is known to increase mesophyll sucrose content and biomass production in GM aspens, also unintentionally induced changes in the concentration of plant phenolics and nitrogen. One of the GM lines, SPS33A, had higher concentrations of salicin, tremuloidin, condensed tannins and nitrogen and lower concentrations of coumaric acid and four flavonoids compared with the isogenic wild type. Line SPS33A was also utilized less by the leaf-beetle Phratora vitellinae than the isogenic wild type. Ecological consequences such as this are not specific to GM trees or GM plants but can occur as a result of the introduction of all introduced new varieties of crops or trees. Nevertheless, the results underline the need to consider these unexpected effects when evaluating both the potential benefits and the potential risks with GM plants, and highlight the need to establish and implement comprehensive product-by-product evaluation protocols for GM plants.
30.	Huner, Norman P. A., et al. (författare) Energy balance and acclimation to light and cold 1998 Ingår i: Trends in Plant Science. - 1360-1385 .- 1878-4372. ; 3:6, s. 224-230 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Changes in environmental conditions such as light intensity or temperature result in an imbalance between the light energy absorbed through photochemistry versus the energy utilized through metabolism. Such an energy imbalance is sensed through alterations in photosystem II excitation pressure, which reflects the relative reduction state of the photosystem. Modulation of this novel, chloroplastic redox signal either by excess light or by low temperature initiates a signal transduction pathway. This appears to coordinate photosynthesis-related gene expression and to influence the nuclear expression of a specific cold-acclimation gene, plant morphology and differentiation in cyanobacteria. Thus, in addition to its traditional role in energy transduction, the photosynthetic apparatus might also be an environmental sensor.
31.	Huner, Norman P A, et al. (författare) Photoprotection of Photosystem II: Reaction center quenching versus antenna quenching 2006 Ingår i: Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation and Environment. - : Springer. - 9781402035647 ; , s. 155-174 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation, and Environment examines the processes whereby plants monitor environmental conditions and orchestrate their response to change, an ability paramount to the life of all plants. "Excess light", absorbed by the light-harvesting systems of photosynthetic organisms, is an integrative indicator of the environment, communicating the presence of intense light and any conditions unfavorable for growth and photosynthesis. Key plant responses are photoprotection and photoinhibition. In this volume, the dual role of photoprotective responses in the preservation of leaf integrity and in redox signaling networks modulating stress acclimation, growth, and development is addressed. In addition, the still unresolved impact of photoinhibition on plant survival and productivity is discussed. Specific topics include dissipation of excess energy via thermal and other pathways, scavenging of reactive oxygen by antioxidants, proteins key to photoprotection and photoinhibition, peroxidation of lipids, as well as signaling by reactive oxygen, lipid-derived messengers, and other messengers that modulate gene expression. Approaches include biochemical, physiological, genetic, molecular, and field studies, addressing intense visible and ultraviolet light, winter conditions, nutrient deficiency, drought, and salinity. This book is directed toward advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers interested in Plant Ecology, Stress Physiology, Plant Biochemistry, Integrative Biology, and Photobiology.
32.	Hurry, Vaughan (författare) Acclimation of leaf respiration temperature responses across thermally contrasting biomes 2021 Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 229, s. 1312-1325 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Short-term temperature response curves of leaf dark respiration (R-T) provide insights into a critical process that influences plant net carbon exchange. This includes how respiratory traits acclimate to sustained changes in the environment. Our study analysed 860 high-resolutionR-T(10-70 degrees C range) curves for: (a) 62 evergreen species measured in two contrasting seasons across several field sites/biomes; and (b) 21 species (subset of those sampled in the field) grown in glasshouses at 20 degrees C : 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C : 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C : 25 degrees C, day : night. In the field, across all sites/seasons, variations inR(25)(measured at 25 degrees C) and the leafTwhereRreached its maximum (T-max) were explained by growthT(mean air-Tof 30-d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growthThaving the strongest influence.R(25)decreased andT(max)increased with rising growthTacross all sites and seasons with the single exception of winter at the cool-temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low. The glasshouse study confirmed thatR(25)andT(max)thermally acclimated. Collectively, the results suggest: (1) thermal acclimation of leafRis common in most biomes; and (2) the highTthreshold of respiration dynamically adjusts upward when plants are challenged with warmer and hotter climates.
33.	Hurry, Vaughan, 1960-, et al. (författare) Cold-hardening results in increased activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism in leaves of winter rye (Secale-Cereale L) 1995 Ingår i: Planta. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 195:4, s. 554-562 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Light- and CO2-saturated photosynthesis of nonhardened rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Musketeer) was reduced from 18.10 to 7.17 mu mol O-2.m(-2).s(-1) when leaves were transferred from 20 to 5 degrees C for 30 min. Following cold-hardening at 5 degrees C for ten weeks, photosynthesis recovered to 15.05 mu mol O-2.m(-2).s(-1), comparable to the non-hardened rate at 20 degrees C. Recovery of photosynthesis was associated with increases in the total activity and activation of enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon-reduction cycle and of sucrose synthesis. The total hexose-phosphate pool increase by 30% and 120% for nonhardened and cold-hardened leaves respectively when measured at 5 degrees C. The large increase in esterified phosphate in cold-hardened leaves occurred without a limitation in inorganic phosphate supply. In contrast, the much smaller increase in esterified phosphate in nonhardened leaves was associated with an inhibition of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and sucrose-phosphate synthase activation. It is suggested that the large increases in hexose phosphates in cold-hardened leaves compensates for the higher substrate threshold concentrations needed for enzyme activation at low temperatures. High substrate concentrations could also compensate for the kinetic limitations imposed by product inhibition from the accumulation of sucrose at 5 degrees C. Nonhardened leaves appear to be unable to compensate in this fashion due to an inadequate supply of inorganic phosphate.
34.	Hurry, Vaughan, 1960-, et al. (författare) Effect of cold hardening on the components of respiratory decarboxylation in the light and in the dark in leaves of winter rye 1996 Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 111:3, s. 713-719 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the dark, all decarboxylation reactions are associated with the oxidase reactions of mitochondrial electron transport. In the light, photorespiration is also active in photosynthetic cells. In winter rye (Secale cereale L.), cold hardening resulted in a P-fold increase in the rate of dark respiratory CO2 release from leaves compared with nonhardened (NH) controls. However, in the light, NH and cold-hardened (CH) leaves had comparable rates of oxidase decarboxylation and total intracellular decarboxylation, Furthermore, whereas CH leaves showed similar rates of total oxidase decarboxylation in the dark and light, NH leaves showed a 2-fold increase in total oxidase activity in the light compared with the dark. Light suppressed oxidase decarboxylation of end products of photosynthesis 2-fold in NH leaves and 3-fold in CH leaves in air. However, in high-CO2, light did not suppress the oxidase decarboxylation of end products. Thus, the decrease in oxidase decarboxylation of end products observed in the light and in air reflected glycolate-cycle-related inhibition of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. We also showed that the glycolate cycle was involved in the decarboxylation of the end products of photosynthesis in both NH and CH leaves, suggesting a flow of fixed carbon out of the starch pool in the light.
35.	Hurry, Vaughan, 1960-, et al. (författare) Effects of a short-term shift to low-temperature and of long-term cold hardening on photosynthesis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase and sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in leabves of winter rye (Secale-Cereale L) 1994 Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 106:3, s. 983-990 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The effect of a short-term (hours) shift to low temperature (5 degrees C) and long-term (months) cold hardening on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism was studied in winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer), Cold-hardened plants grown at 5 degrees C exhibited 25% higher in situ CO2 exchange rates than nonhardened plants grown at 24 degrees C. Cold-hardened plants maintained these high rates throughout the day, in contrast to nonhardened plants, which showed a gradual decline in photosynthesis after 3 h. Associated with the increase in photosynthetic capacity following cold hardening was an increase in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and sucrose phosphate synthase activity and 3- to 4-fold increases in the pools of associated metabolites. Leaves of nonhardened plants shifted overnight to 5 degrees C required 9 h in the light at 5 degrees C before maximum rates of photosynthesis were reached. The gradual increase in photosynthesis in leaves shifted to 5 degrees C was correlated with a sharp decline in the 3-phosphoglycerate/triose phosphate ratio and by an increase in the ribulose bisphosphate/3-phosphoglycerate ratio, indicating the gradual easing of aninorganic phosphate-mediated feedback inhibition on photo-synthesis. We suggest that the strong recovery of photosynthesis in winter rye following cold hardening indicates that the buildup of photosynthetic enzymes, as well as those involved in sucrose synthesis, is an adaptive response that enables these plants to maximize the production of sugars that have both cryoprotective and storage functions that are critical to the performance of these cultivars during over-wintering.
36.	Hurry, Vaughan M., 1960-, et al. (författare) Cold hardening of spring and winter-wheat and rape results in differential-effects on growth, carbon metabolism, and carbohydrate content 1995 Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 109:2, s. 697-706 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The effect of long-term (months) exposure to low temperature (5 degrees C) on growth, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism was studied in spring and winter cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rape (Brassica napus). Cold-grown winter rape and winter wheat maintained higher net assimilation rates and higher in situ CO2 exchange rates than the respective cold-grown spring cultivars. In particular, the relative growth rate of spring rape declined over time at low temperature, and this was associated with a 92% loss in in situ CO2 exchange rates. Associated with the high photosynthetic rates of cold-grown winter cultivars was a P-fold increase per unit of protein in both stromal and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity and a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in sucrose-phosphate synthase activity. Neither spring cultivar increased enzyme activity on a per unit of protein basis. We suggest that the recovery of photosynthetic capacity at low temperature and the regulation of enzymatic activity represent acclimation in winter cultivars. This allows these overwintering herbaceous annuals to maximize the production of sugars with possible cryoprotective function and to accumulate sufficient carbohydrate storage reserves to support basal metabolism and regrowth in the spring.
37.	Hurry, Vaughan (författare) Metabolic reprogramming in response to cold stress is like real estate, it's all about location 2017 Ingår i: Plant, Cell and Environment. - : Wiley. - 0140-7791 .- 1365-3040. ; 40, s. 599-601 Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract This article comments on: Subcellular reprogramming of metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana
38.	Hurry, Vaughan, 1960-, et al. (författare) Mitochondria contribute to increased photosynthetic capacity of leaves of winter rye (Secale-Cereale L) following cold-hardening 1995 Ingår i: Plant, Cell and Environment. - 0140-7791 .- 1365-3040. ; 18:1, s. 69-76 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cold-hardening of winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Musketeer) increased dark respiration from -2.2 to -3.9 mu mol O-2 m(-2)s(-1) and doubled light- and CO2-saturated photosynthesis at 20 degrees C from 18.1 to 37.0 mu mol O-2 m(-2) s(-1). We added oligomycin at a concentration that specifically inhibits oxidative phosphorylation to see whether the observed increase in dark respiration reflected an increase in respiration in the light, and whether this contributed to the enhanced photosynthesis of cold-hardened leaves, Oligomycin inhibited light- and CO2-saturated rates of photosynthesis in non-hardened and cold-hardened leaves by 14 and 25%, respectively, and decreased photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence to a greater degree in cold-hardened than in non-hardened leaves, These data indicate an increase both in the rate of respiration in the light, and in the importance of respiration to photosynthesis following cold-hardening, Analysis of metabolite pools indicated that oligomycin inhibited photosynthesis by limiting regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, This limitation was particularly severe in cold-hardened leaves, and the resulting low 3-phosphoglycerate pools led to a feed-forward inhibition of sucrose-phosphate synthase activity, Thus, it does not appear that oxidative phosphorylation supports the increase in photosynthetic O-2 evolution following cold-hardening by increasing the availability of cytosolic ATP, The data instead support the hypothesis that the mitochondria function in the light by using the reducing equivalents generated by nan-cyclic photosynthetic electron transport.
39.	Hurry, Vaughan, et al. (författare) Respiration in photosynthetic cells 2005 Ingår i: Plant Respiration. - : Springer. - 9781402035883 ; , s. 43-61 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
40.	Hurry, Vaughan (författare) Thermal limits of leaf metabolism across biomes 2017 Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 23, s. 209-223 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract High-temperature tolerance in plants is important in a warming world, with extreme heat waves predicted to increase in frequency and duration, potentially leading to lethal heating of leaves. Global patterns of high-temperature tolerance are documented in animals, but generally not in plants, limiting our ability to assess risks associated with climate warming. To assess whether there are global patterns in high-temperature tolerance of leaf metabolism, we quantified T-crit (high temperature where minimal chlorophyll a fluorescence rises rapidly and thus photosystem II is disrupted) and T-max (temperature where leaf respiration in darkness is maximal, beyond which respiratory function rapidly declines) in upper canopy leaves of 218 plant species spanning seven biomes. Mean site-based T-crit values ranged from 41.5 degrees C in the Alaskan arctic to 50.8 degrees C in lowland tropical rainforests of Peruvian Amazon. For T-max, the equivalent values were 51.0 and 60.6 degrees C in the Arctic and Amazon, respectively. T-crit and T-max followed similar biogeographic patterns, increasing linearly (similar to 8 degrees C) from polar to equatorial regions. Such increases in high-temperature tolerance are much less than expected based on the 20 degrees C span in high-temperature extremes across the globe. Moreover, with only modest high-temperature tolerance despite high summer temperature extremes, species in mid-latitude (similar to 20-50 degrees) regions have the narrowest thermal safety margins in upper canopy leaves; these regions are at the greatest risk of damage due to extreme heat-wave events, especially under conditions when leaf temperatures are further elevated by a lack of transpirational cooling. Using predicted heat-wave events for 2050 and accounting for possible thermal acclimation of T-crit and T-max, we also found that these safety margins could shrink in a warmer world, as rising temperatures are likely to exceed thermal tolerance limits. Thus, increasing numbers of species in many biomes may be at risk as heat-wave events become more severe with climate change.
41.	Högberg, Mona N, et al. (författare) Quantification of effects of season and nitrogen supply on tree below-ground carbon transfer to ectomycorrhizal fungi and other soil organisms in a boreal pine forest 2010 Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 187:2, s. 485-493 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract P>The flux of carbon from tree photosynthesis through roots to ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and other soil organisms is assumed to vary with season and with edaphic factors such as nitrogen availability, but these effects have not been quantified directly in the field. To address this deficiency, we conducted high temporal-resolution tracing of 13C from canopy photosynthesis to different groups of soil organisms in a young boreal Pinus sylvestris forest. There was a 500% higher below-ground allocation of plant C in the late (August) season compared with the early season (June). Labelled C was primarily found in fungal fatty acid biomarkers (and rarely in bacterial biomarkers), and in Collembola, but not in Acari and Enchytraeidae. The production of sporocarps of ECM fungi was totally dependent on allocation of recent photosynthate in the late season. There was no short-term (2 wk) effect of additions of N to the soil, but after 1 yr, there was a 60% reduction of below-ground C allocation to soil biota. Thus, organisms in forest soils, and their roles in ecosystem functions, appear highly sensitive to plant physiological responses to two major aspects of global change: changes in seasonal weather patterns and N eutrophication.
42.	Högberg, Peter, et al. (författare) High temporal resolution tracing of photosynthate carbon from the tree canopy to forest soil microorganisms 2008 Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : New Phytologist Trust. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 177:1, s. 220-228 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract • Half of the biological activity in forest soils is supported by recent tree photosynthate, but no study has traced in detail this flux of carbon from the canopy to soil microorganisms in the field.• Using 13CO2, we pulse-labelled over 1.5 h a 50-m2 patch of 4-m-tall boreal Pinus sylvestris forest in a 200-m3 chamber.• Tracer levels peaked after 24 h in soluble carbohydrates in the phloem at a height of 0.3 m, after 2–4 d in soil respiratory efflux, after 4–7 d in ectomycorrhizal roots, and after 2–4 d in soil microbial cytoplasm. Carbon in the active pool in needles, in soluble carbohydrates in phloem and in soil respiratory efflux had half-lives of 22, 17 and 35 h, respectively. Carbon in soil microbial cytoplasm had a half-life of 280 h, while the carbon in ectomycorrhizal root tips turned over much more slowly. Simultaneous labelling of the soil with showed that the ectomycorrhizal roots, which were the strongest sinks for photosynthate, were also the most active sinks for soil nitrogen.• These observations highlight the close temporal coupling between tree canopy photosynthesis and a significant fraction of soil activity in forests.
43.	Igamberdiev, Abir U, et al. (författare) The role of mitochondrial electron transport during photosynthetic induction. A study with barley (Hordeum vulgare) protoplasts incubated with rotenone and oligomycin 1998 Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 104:3, s. 431-439 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Mitochondrial contribution to photosynthetic metabolism during photosynthetic induction was investigated in protoplasts from barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Gunilla, Svalof) by using an inhibitor of mitochondrial Complex I (rotenone) and an inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATPase (oligomycin). Both inhibitors increased the lag phase of photosynthetic induction after the transition of protoplasts from darkness to light. This effect was not observed with broken protoplasts or isolated chloroplasts. Using the method of rapid fractionation of protoplasts it was shown that the delay in photosynthetic induction was accompanied by a decrease in ATP/ADP ratios of the cytosol and mitochondria, whereas the ratio in chloroplasts was not affected. A delay in activation of chloroplastidic NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.82) was observed in the presence of either inhibitor. A delay was also observed in the rise of photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in the presence of rotenone or oligomycin during photosynthetic induction. The results indicate that during the transition from dark to light the mitochondrial electron transport chain and its Complex I participate in the reoxidation of excessive redox equivalents from photosynthetic electron transport.
44.	Ivanov, Alexander G, et al. (författare) Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine. 2006 Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 223:6, s. 1165-77 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Winter-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles is accompanied by a 65% reduction of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), measured as F v/F m, but relatively stable photosystem I (PSI) activity. In contrast, the photochemical efficiency of PSII in bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine twigs was shown to be well preserved, while PSI capacity was severely decreased. Low-temperature (77 K) chlorophyll fluorescence measurements also revealed lower relative fluorescence intensity emitted from PSI in bark chlorenchyma compared to needles regardless of the growing season. Nondenaturating SDS-PAGE analysis of the chlorophyll–protein complexes also revealed much lower abundance of LHCI and the CPI band related to light harvesting and the core complex of PSI, respectively, in bark chlorenchyma. These changes were associated with a 38% reduction in the total amount of chlorophyll in the bark chlorenchyma relative to winter needles, but the Chl a/b ratio and carotenoid composition were similar in the two tissues. As distinct from winter pine needles exhibiting ATP/ADP ratio of 11.3, the total adenylate content in winter bark chlorenchyma was 2.5-fold higher and the estimated ATP/ADP ratio was 20.7. The photochemical efficiency of PSII in needles attached to the twig recovered significantly faster (28–30 h) then in detached needles. Fluorescence quenching analysis revealed a high reduction state of Q A and the PQ-pool in the green bark tissue. The role of bark chlorenchyma and its photochemical performance during the recovery of photosynthesis from winter stress in Scots pine is discussed.
45.	Ivanov, Alexander G, et al. (författare) Digalactosyl-diacylglycerol deficiency impairs the capacity for photosynthetic intersystem electron transport and state transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana due to photosystem I acceptor-side limitations. 2006 Ingår i: Plant Cell Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0781 .- 1471-9053. ; 47:8, s. 1146-57 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Compared with wild type, the dgd1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited a lower amount of PSI-related Chl–protein complexes and lower abundance of the PSI-associated polypeptides, PsaA, PsaB, PsaC, PsaL and PsaH, with no changes in the levels of Lhca1–4. Functionally, the dgd1 mutant exhibited a significantly lower light-dependent, steady-state oxidation level of P700 (P700+) in vivo, a higher intersystem electron pool size, restricted linear electron transport and a higher rate of reduction of P700+ in the dark, indicating an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transfer compared with the wild type. Concomitantly, the dgd1 mutant exhibited a higher sensitivity to and incomplete recovery of photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, dgd1 exhibited a lower capacity to undergo state transitions compared with the wild type, which was associated with a higher reduction state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. We conclude that digalactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG) deficiency results in PSI acceptor-side limitations that alter the flux of electrons through the photosynthetic electron chain and impair the regulation of distribution of excitation energy between the photosystems. These results are discussed in terms of thylakoid membrane domain reorganization in response to DGDG deficiency in A. thaliana.
46.	Ivanov, A. G., et al. (författare) Implications of alternative electron sinks in increased resistance of PSII and PSI photochemistry to high light stress in cold-acclimated Arabidopsis thaliana 2012 Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - Dordrecht : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 113:1-3, s. 191-206 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Exposure of control (non-hardened) Arabidopsis leaves to high light stress at 5 A degrees C resulted in a decrease of both photosystem II (PSII) (45 %) and Photosystem I (PSI) (35 %) photochemical efficiencies compared to non-treated plants. In contrast, cold-acclimated (CA) leaves exhibited only 35 and 22 % decrease of PSII and PSI photochemistry, respectively, under the same conditions. This was accompanied by an accelerated rate of P700(+) re-reduction, indicating an up-regulation of PSI-dependent cyclic electron transport (CET). Interestingly, the expression of the NDH-H gene and the relative abundance of the Ndh-H polypeptide, representing the NDH-complex, decreased as a result of exposure to low temperatures. This indicates that the NDH-dependent CET pathway cannot be involved and the overall stimulation of CET in CA plants is due to up-regulation of the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase, antimycin A-sensitive CET pathway. The lower abundance of NDH complex also implies lower activity of the chlororespiratory pathway in CA plants, although the expression level and overall abundance of the other well-characterized component involved in chlororespiration, the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), was up-regulated at low temperatures. This suggests increased PTOX-mediated alternative electron flow to oxygen in plants exposed to low temperatures. Indeed, the estimated proportion of O-2-dependent linear electron transport not utilized in carbon assimilation and not directed to photorespiration was twofold higher in CA Arabidopsis. The possible involvement of alternative electron transport pathways in inducing greater resistance of both PSII and PSI to high light stress in CA plants is discussed.
47.	Ivanov, A G, et al. (författare) Low-temperature modulation of the redox properties of the acceptor side of photosystem II : photoprotection through reaction centre quenching of excess energy 2003 Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 119:3, s. 376-383 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although it has been well established that acclimation to low growth temperatures is strongly correlated with an increased proportion of reduced Q(A) in all photosynthetic groups, the precise mechanism controlling the redox state of Q(A) and its physiological significance in developing cold tolerance in photoautotrophs has not been fully elucidated. Our recent thermoluminescence (TL) measurements of the acceptor site of PSII have revealed that short-term exposure of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 to cold stress, overwintering of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and acclimation of Arabidopsis plants to low growth temperatures, all caused a substantial shift in the characteristic T-M of S(2)Q(B)(-) recombination to lower temperatures. These changes were accompanied by much lower overall TL emission, restricted electron transfer between Q(A) and Q(B), and in Arabidopsis by a shift of the S(2)Q(A)(-)-related peak to higher temperatures. The shifts in recombination temperatures are indicative of a lower activation energy for the S(2)Q(B)(-) redox pair and a higher activation energy for the S(2)Q(A)(-) redox pair. This results in an increase in the free-energy gap between P680(+)Q(A)(-) and P680(+)Pheo(-) and a narrowing of the free energy gap between Q(A) and Q(B) electron acceptors. We propose that these effects result in an increased population of reduced Q(A) (Q(A)(-)), facilitating non-radiative P680(+)Q(A)(-) radical pair recombination within the PSII reaction centre. The proposed reaction centre quenching could be an important protective mechanism in cyanobacteria in which antenna and zeaxanthin cycle-dependent quenching are not present. In herbaceous plants, the enhanced capacity for dissipation of excess light energy via PSII reaction centre quenching following cold acclimation may complement their capacity for increased utilization of absorbed light through CO2 assimilation and carbon metabolism. During overwintering of evergreens, when photosynthesis is inhibited, PSII reaction centre quenching may complement non-photochemical quenching within the light-harvesting antenna when zeaxanthin cycle-dependent energy quenching is thermodynamically restricted by low temperatures. We suggest that PSII reaction centre quenching is a significant mechanism enabling cold-acclimated organisms to acquire increased resistance to high light.
48.	Ivanov, Alexander G., et al. (författare) Photosystem II reaction centre quenching : mechanisms and physiological role 2008 Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 98:1-3, s. 565-574 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dissipation of excess absorbed light energy in eukaryotic photoautotrophs through zeaxanthin- and ΔpH-dependent photosystem II antenna quenching is considered the major mechanism for non-photochemical quenching and photoprotection. However, there is mounting evidence of a zeaxanthin-independent pathway for dissipation of excess light energy based within the PSII reaction centre that may also play a significant role in photoprotection. We summarize recent reports which indicate that this enigma can be explained, in part, by the fact that PSII reaction centres can be reversibly interconverted from photochemical energy transducers that convert light into ATP and NADPH to efficient, non-photochemical energy quenchers that protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. In our opinion, reaction centre quenching complements photoprotection through antenna quenching, and dynamic regulation of photosystem II reaction centre represents a general response to any environmental condition that predisposes the accumulation of reduced QA in the photosystem II reaction centres of prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs. Since the evolution of reaction centres preceded the evolution of light harvesting systems, reaction centre quenching may represent the oldest photoprotective mechanism.
49.	Ivanov, Alexander G, et al. (författare) Reaction centre quenching of excess light energy and photoprotection of photosystem II 2008 Ingår i: Journal of Plant Biology. ; 51:2, s. 85-96 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In addition to the energy dissipation of excess light occurring in PSII antenna via the xanthophyll cycle, there is mounting evidence of a zeaxanthin-independent pathway for non-photochemical quenching based within the PSII reaction centre (reaction centre quenching) that may also play a significant role in photoprotection. It has been demonstrated that acclimation of higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria to low temperature or high light conditions which potentially induce an imbalance between energy supply and energy utilization is accompanied by the development of higher reduction state of QA and higher resistance to photoinhibition (Huner et al., 1998). Although this is a fundamental feature of all photoautotrophs, and the acquisition of increased tolerance to photoinhibition has been ascribed to growth and development under high PSII excitation pressure, the precise mechanism controlling the redox state of QA and its physiological significance in developing higher resistance to photoinhibition has not been fully elucidated. In this review we summarize recent data indicating that the increased resistance to high light in a broad spectrum of photosynthetic organisms acclimated to high excitation pressure conditions is associated with an increase probability for alternative non-radiative P680+QA − radical pair recombination pathway for energy dissipation within the reaction centre of PSII. The various molecular mechanisms that could account for nonphotochemical quenching through PSII reaction centre are also discussed.
50.	Ivanov, Alexander G., et al. (författare) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation 2022 Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 255:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Main conclusion: Decreased PG constrains PSI activity due to inhibition of transcript and polypeptide abundance of light-harvesting and reaction center polypeptides generating a reversible, yellow phenotype during cold acclimation of pgp1.Cold acclimation of the Arabidopsis pgp1 mutant at 5 °C resulted in a pale-yellow phenotype with abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure compared to its green phenotype upon growth at 20 °C despite a normal cold-acclimation response at the transcript level. In contrast, wild type maintained its normal green phenotype and chloroplast ultrastructure irrespective of growth temperature. In contrast to cold acclimation of WT, growth of pgp1 at 5 °C limited the accumulation of Lhcbs and Lhcas assessed by immunoblotting. However, a novel 43 kD polypeptide of Lhcb1 as well as a 29 kD polypeptide of Lhcb3 accumulated in the soluble fraction which was absent in the thylakoid membrane fraction of cold-acclimated pgp1 which was not observed in WT. Cold acclimation of pgp1 destabilized the Chl–protein complexes associated with PSI and predisposed energy distribution in favor of PSII rather than PSI compared to the WT. Functionally, in vivo PSI versus PSII photochemistry was inhibited in cold-acclimated pgp1 to a greater extent than in WT relative to controls. Greening of the pale-yellow pgp1 was induced when cold-acclimated pgp1 was shifted from 5 to 20 °C which resulted in a marked decrease in excitation pressure to a level comparable to WT. Concomitantly, Lhcbs and Lhcas accumulated with a simultaneous decrease in the novel 43 and 29kD polypeptides. We conclude that the reduced levels of phosphatidyldiacylglycerol in the pgp1 limit the capacity of the mutant to maintain the structure and function of its photosynthetic apparatus during cold acclimation. Thus, maintenance of normal thylakoid phosphatidyldiacylglycerol levels is essential to stabilize the photosynthetic apparatus during cold acclimation.

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