| 1. |
- Bruun, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Satiety Factors Oleoylethanolamide, Stearoylethanolamide, and Palmitoylethanolamide in Mother's Milk Are Strongly Associated with Infant Weight at Four Months of Age : data from the Odense Child Cohort
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulation of appetite and food intake is partly regulated by N-acylethanolamine lipids oleoylethanolamide (OEA), stearoylethanolamide (SEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which induce satiety through endogenous formation in the small intestine upon feeding, but also when orally or systemic administered. OEA, SEA, and PEA are present in human milk, and we hypothesized that the content of OEA, SEA, and PEA in mother's milk differed for infants being heavy (high weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ)) or light (low WAZ) at time of milk sample collection. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of OEA, SEA, and PEA in milk samples collected four months postpartum from mothers to high (n = 50) or low (n = 50) WAZ infants. Associations between OEA, SEA, and PEA concentration and infant anthropometry at four months of age as well as growth from birth were investigated using linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for birth weight, early infant formula supplementation, and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. Mean OEA, SEA, and PEA concentrations were lower in the high compared to the low WAZ group (all p < 0.02), and a higher concentration of SEA was associated with lower anthropometric measures, e.g., triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (β = -2.235, 95% CI = -4.04, -0.43, p = 0.016), and weight gain per day since birth (g) (β = -8.169, 95% CI = -15.26, -1.08, p = 0.024). This raises the possibility, that the content of satiety factors OEA, SEA, and PEA in human milk may affect infant growth.
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| 2. |
- Honoré, Karina D., et al.
(författare)
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Nesfatin-1 in human milk and its association with infant anthropometry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breastfed infants have different growth patterns to formula-fed infants and are less likely to develop obesity later in life. Nesfatin-1 is an anorexigenic adipokine that was discovered in human milk more than a decade ago, and its role in infant appetite regulation is not clear. Our aim was to describe nesfatin-1 levels in human milk collected 3–4 months postpartum, associations with infant anthropometry, and factors (maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (mBMI), high weight gain during pregnancy, milk fat, and energy content) possibly influencing nesfatin-1 levels. We hypothesized that nesfatin-1 levels in mother’s milk would differ for infants that were large (high weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ)) or small (low WAZ) at the time of milk sample collection. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the nesfatin-1 concentration in milk samples from mothers to high WAZ (n = 50) and low WAZ (n = 50) infants. We investigated associations between nesfatin-1 levels and infant anthropometry at 3–4 months of age and growth since birth, using linear regression adjusted for mBMI, birth weight, infant sex, and exclusivity of breastfeeding. We found no difference in nesfatin-1 levels between the two groups and no association with infant anthropometry, even after adjusting for potential confounders. However, high nesfatin-1 levels were correlated with low mBMI. Future research should investigate serum nesfatin-1 level in both mothers, infants and associations with growth in breastfed children.
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| 3. |
- Hoppe, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Intake and sources of gluten in 20- to 75-year-old Danish adults: a national dietary survey
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215 .- 1435-1293. ; 56:1, s. 107-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Celiac disease, an immunological response triggered by gluten, affects ~1 % of the Western population. Information concerning gluten intake in the general population is scarce. We determined intake of gluten from wheat, barley, rye and oat in the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity 2005–2008. The study population comprised a random cross-sectional sample of 1494 adults 20–75 years, selected from the Danish Civil Registration System. Methods: Protein content in wheat, rye, barley and oat was determined from the National Danish Food Composition Table and multiplied with the amount of cereal used in recipes. Amount of gluten was calculated as amount of cereal protein ×0.80 for wheat and oat, ×0.65 for rye and ×0.50 for barley. Dietary intake was recorded daily during seven consecutive days in pre-coded food diaries with open-answer possibilities. Results: Mean total gluten intake was 10.4 ± 4.4 g/day (10th–90th percentiles; 5.4–16.2 g/day), in men 12.0 ± 4.6 g/day and 9.0 ± 3.4 g/day in women. It was higher among men than among women in all age groups (20–75 years; P
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| 4. |
- Husby, Steffen, et al.
(författare)
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Celiac disease and risk management of gluten
- 2014
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Ingår i: Risk management for food allergy. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 129-152
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Celiac disease (CD) is a distinct disease caused by gluten from wheat and other related prolamins from rye and barley. CD is chronic, may affect multiple organs, and has autoimmune components. The clinical presentation may be diverse, reaching from frank mal-absorption to effects such as iron deficiency, anemia, or osteoporosis. The main autoantigen in CD is transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and IgA anti-TG2 antibodies have a high diagnostic accuracy. New guidelines for the diagnosis of CD in children and adolescents have recently been published. CD may be diagnosed at any age and in most populations CD is common, affecting approximately 1% of the general population. The cornerstone treatment of CD is a gluten-free diet. The diet may be cumbersome, and in children as well as adults diet adherence may present a considerable challenge. Maximal levels for gluten content in gluten-free foods are given in Codex Alimentarius. Governmental support for patients and families is important, and education and participation in a celiac patient organization is of value.
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| 5. |
- Jensen, Tina Kold, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Anogenital Distance in Male Infants from a Low-Exposed Danish Cohort (2010-2012)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 124:7, s. 1107-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phthalates comprise a large class of chemicals used in a variety of consumer products. Several have anti-androgenic properties, and in rodents prenatal exposure has been associated with reduced anogenital distance (AGD)-the distance from the anus to the genitals in male offspring. Few human studies have been conducted, but associations between the anti-androgenic phthalates and male AGD have been reported. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the association between phthalate exposure in late pregnancy in Danish women pregnant in 2010-2012 and AGD in their male infants at 3 months of age (n = 273). METHODS: In the Odense child cohort study, urinary concentrations of 12 phthalate metabolites of diethyl, di-n-butyl, diisobutyl, di(2-ethylhexyl), butylbenzyl, and diisononyl phthalate (DEP, DnBP, DiBP, DEHP, BBzP, and DiNP, respectively) were measured among 245 mothers of boys at approximately gestational week 28 (range, 20.4-30.4) and adjusted for osmolality. AGD, penile width, and weight were measured 3 months after the expected date of birth. Associations between prenatal phthalate and AGD and penile width were estimated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age and weight-for-age standard deviation score. RESULTS: Phthalate levels were lower in this population than in a recent Swedish study in which phthalates were measured in the first trimester. No consistent associations were seen between any prenatal phthalate and AGD or penile width. Most associations were negative for exposures above the first quartile, and for ln-transformed exposures modeled as continuous variables, but there were no consistent dose-response patterns, and associations were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found no significant trends towards shorter AGD in boys with higher phthalates exposures in this low exposed Danish population.
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| 6. |
- Mearin, Maria Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. - 0277-2116. ; 75:3, s. 369-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for consensus on the recommendations for follow-up of children and adolescents with celiac disease. Objectives: To gather the current evidence and to offer recommendations for follow-up and management. Methods: The Special Interest Group on Celiac Diseases of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition formulated ten questions considered to be essential for follow-up care. A literature search (January 2010-March 2020) was performed in PubMed or Medline. Relevant publications were identified and potentially eligible studies were assessed. Statements and recommendations were developed and discussed by all coauthors. Recommendations were voted upon: joint agreement was set as at least 85%. Results: Publications (n = 2775) were identified and 164 were included. Using evidence or expert opinion, 37 recommendations were formulated on: The need to perform follow-up, its frequency and what should be assessed, how to assess adherence to the gluten-free diet, when to expect catch-up growth, how to treat anemia, how to approach persistent high serum levels of antibodies against tissue-transglutaminase, the indication to perform biopsies, assessment of quality of life, management of children with unclear diagnosis for which a gluten-challenge is indicated, children with associated type 1 diabetes or IgA deficiency, cases of potential celiac disease, which professionals should perform follow-up, how to improve the communication to patients and their parents/caregivers and transition from pediatric to adult health care. Conclusions: We offer recommendations to improve follow-up of children and adolescents with celiac disease and highlight gaps that should be investigated to further improve management.
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| 7. |
- Szajewska, Hania, et al.
(författare)
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Gluten Introduction and the Risk of Coeliac Disease : A Position Paper by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 62:3, s. 507-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommended in 2008, based on observational data, to avoid both early (<4 months) and late (7 months) introduction of gluten and to introduce gluten while the infant is still being breast-fed. New evidence prompted ESPGHAN to revise these recommendations.Objective:To provide updated recommendations regarding gluten introduction in infants and the risk of developing coeliac disease (CD) during childhood.Summary:The risk of inducing CD through a gluten-containing diet exclusively applies to persons carrying at least one of the CD risk alleles. Because genetic risk alleles are generally not known in an infant at the time of solid food introduction, the following recommendations apply to all infants, although they are derived from studying families with first-degree relatives with CD. Although breast-feeding should be promoted for its other well-established health benefits, neither any breast-feeding nor breast-feeding during gluten introduction has been shown to reduce the risk of CD. Gluten may be introduced into the infant's diet anytime between 4 and 12 completed months of age. In children at high risk for CD, earlier introduction of gluten (4 vs 6 months or 6 vs 12 months) is associated with earlier development of CD autoimmunity (defined as positive serology) and CD, but the cumulative incidence of each in later childhood is similar. Based on observational data pointing to the association between the amount of gluten intake and risk of CD, consumption of large quantities of gluten should be avoided during the first weeks after gluten introduction and during infancy. The optimal amounts of gluten to be introduced at weaning, however, have not been established.
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| 8. |
- Tapsas, Dimitrios
(författare)
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Demographics, clinical features and treatment of pediatric celiac disease
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing food in genetically predisposed subjects. The enteropathy is presented with a wide variety of clinical manifestations, which can occur even outside the gastrointestinal tract. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis of CD is based on a small intestinal biopsy showing mucosal alterations, i.e. intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy. The treatment, gluten-free diet (GFD), has recently been revised with the addition of gluten-free oats. Oats give a more diversified nutrition and increase the fibre content. The use of oats in CD is though still debated in some reports. A strict life-long adherence to the GFD can be problematic, especially for pediatric CD patients. Sweden reported of one of the highest observed CD prevalences worldwide, i.e. 3%, among 12-year-olds born during what has been described as “the Swedish celiac epidemic”, 1984−1996.The aims of this thesis were to elucidate how pediatric CD has changed during a 41-year period in Sweden, i.e. 1973−2013, in terms of clinical presentation, disease severity, incidence, and demographics. We also wanted to adress the compliance to the GFD, the use of oats in the GFD and the safety of oats inclusion in the diet by measuring urinary nitric oxide (NO) metabolites.Filed information provided data about 2856 pediatric patients investigated for suspected CD between 1973 and 2013; of which 1030 patients were diagnosed with CD. After the data analyses the mean age of CD patients was shown to increase after the celiac epidemic period. Currently, CD shows a less severe picture in terms of symptoms and intestinal pathology. Younger children suffer primarily from gastrointestinal symptoms and growth failure, whereas extra-intestinal manifestations are more often displayed among adolescents.We also reported an unusually high pediatric CD incidence rate and cumulative incidence, likely the highest reported worldwide. We hypothesised that the introduction of new antibody tests would affect the diagnostic activity and accuracy in performing small intestinal biopsies for CD investigation. However, the outcome of diagnostic activity and accuracy could not clearly be attributed to the use of antibody tests due to changes occurring in parallel during the 41-year study period, e.g. a different pattern of symptoms at presentation and improved knowledge of the disease among parents and health professionals.In a questionnaire-based study our patient group reported a high compliance to the GFD. Long duration of the GFD may, however, influence compliance negatively. Oats have been included to the GFD of our study population in most of the cases without reporting major complications related to their well-being.The urinary measurements of NO metabolites revealed two patient groups, one with high and one with low levels. The two populations did not differ regarding sex, age, compliance to the GFD or oats consumption. Factors such as nitrate-rich foods, asthma or urinary tract infections did not affect the results. The high levels could possibly be attributed to poor adherence to the GFD, sensitivity to oats, or some unknown factor(s). The elevated levels of NO metabolites might indicate mucosal inflammation and pinpoint the need of careful follow-up of children on oats-containing GFD as not all of them might tolerate oats.
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| 9. |
- Varkey, Jonas, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Fifteen years' experience of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation in the Nordic countries.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 50:3, s. 278-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation have gained acceptance as treatment modalities for patients with: intestinal failure and life-threatening complications of parenteral nutrition (PN), rare cases of vascular abdominal catastrophes and selected cases of low-grade neoplastic tumors such as neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors and desmoids involving the mesenteric root. The aim was to describe the survival and nutritional outcome in the transplanted Nordic patients and the complications attributed to this procedure.
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