| 1. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(author)
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The IceCube data acquisition system : Signal capture, digitization, and timestamping
- 2009
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 601:3, s. 294-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IceCube is a km-scale neutrino observatory under construction at the South Pole with sensors both in the deep ice (InIce) and on the surface (IceTop). The sensors, called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs). detect, digitize and timestamp the signals from optical Cherenkov-radiation photons. The DOM Main Board (MB) data acquisition subsystem is connected to the central DAQ in the IceCube Laboratory (ICL) by a single twisted copper wire-pair and transmits packetized data on demand. Time calibration is maintained throughout the array by regular transmission to the DOMs of precisely timed analog signals, synchronized to a central GPS-disciplined clock. The design goals and consequent features, functional capabilities, and initial performance of the DOM MB, and the operation of a combined array of DOMs as a system, are described here. Experience with the first InIce strings and the IceTop stations indicates that the system design and performance goals have been achieved. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Bakker, D. C. E., et al.
(author)
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An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2)
- 2014
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 6:1, s. 69-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO 2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models. © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
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| 3. |
- Brownstein, Catherine A., et al.
(author)
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An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge
- 2014
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In: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 15:3, s. R53-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data were donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease-causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. Results: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. Conclusions: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups.
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| 4. |
- Butterworth, J., et al.
(author)
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Les Houches 2013: Physics at TeV Colliders: Standard Model Working Group Report
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2013 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt primarily with (1) the techniques for calculating standard model multi-leg NLO and NNLO QCD and NLO EW cross sections and (2) the comparison of those cross sections with LHC data from Run 1, and projections for future measurements in Run 2.
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| 8. |
- Hock, R, et al.
(author)
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High Mountain Areas
- 2019
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In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. - : IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ; , s. 131-202
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral element of high- mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population. Widespread cryosphere changes affect physical, biological and human systems in the mountains and surrounding lowlands, with impacts evident even in the ocean. Building on the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), this chapter assesses new evidence on observed recent and projected changes in the mountain cryosphere as well as associated impacts, risks and adaptation measures related to natural and human systems. Impacts in response to climate changes independently of changes in the cryosphere are not assessed in this chapter. Polar mountains are included in Chapter 3, except those in Alaska and adjacent Yukon, Iceland, and Scandinavia, which are included in this chapter.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Farinotti, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Results from the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment Phase 2 (ITMIX2)
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-6463. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowing the ice thickness distribution of a glacier is of fundamental importance for a number of applications, ranging from the planning of glaciological fieldwork to the assessments of future sea-level change. Across spatial scales, however, this knowledge is limited by the paucity and discrete character of available thickness observations. To obtain a spatially coherent distribution of the glacier ice thickness, interpolation or numerical models have to be used. Whilst the first phase of the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment (ITMIX) focused on approaches that estimate such spatial information from characteristics of the glacier surface alone, ITMIX2 sought insights for the capability of the models to extract information from a limited number of thickness observations. The analyses were designed around 23 test cases comprising both real-world and synthetic glaciers, with each test case comprising a set of 16 different experiments mimicking possible scenarios of data availability. A total of 13 models participated in the experiments. The results show that the inter-model variability in the calculated local thickness is high, and that for unmeasured locations, deviations of 16% of the mean glacier thickness are typical (median estimate, three-quarters of the deviations within 37% of the mean glacier thickness). This notwithstanding, limited sets of ice thickness observations are shown to be effective in constraining the mean glacier thickness, demonstrating the value of even partial surveys. Whilst the results are only weakly affected by the spatial distribution of the observations, surveys that preferentially sample the lowest glacier elevations are found to cause a systematic underestimation of the thickness in several models. Conversely, a preferential sampling of the thickest glacier parts proves effective in reducing the deviations. The response to the availability of ice thickness observations is characteristic to each approach and varies across models. On average across models, the deviation between modeled and observed thickness increase by 8.5% of the mean ice thickness every time the distance to the closest observation increases by a factor of 10. No single best model emerges from the analyses, confirming the added value of using model ensembles.
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| 14. |
- Sorelius, Karl, et al.
(author)
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The Microbiology of Infective Native Aortic Aneurysms in a Population-Based Setting
- 2022
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In: Annals of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0890-5096 .- 1615-5947. ; 78, s. 112-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to describe the microbiology of surgically treated infective native (mycotic) aortic aneurysms (INAAs), and associated survival and development of infection-related complications (IRCs). Methods: Data were pooled from 2 nationwide studies on surgically treated patients with INAAs in Sweden, between 1994 - 2016. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to culture results: 1) Staphylococcus aureus, 2) Streptococcus species (sp.), 3) Salmonella sp., 4) Enterococcus sp., 5) Gram-negative intestinal bacteria, 6) Other sp. (all other species found in culture), and 7) Negative cultures. Results: A sum of 182 patients were included, mean age 71 years (standard deviation; SD: 8.9). The median follow-up was 50.3 months (range 0 - 360). 128 (70.3%) patients had positive blood and/or tissue culture; Staphylococcus aureus n = 38 (20.9%), Streptococcus sp. n = 37 (20.3%), Salmonella sp. n = 19 (10.4%), Enterococcus sp. n = 16 (8.8%), Gram-negative intestinal bacteria n = 6, (3.3%), Other sp. n = 12 (6.6%) and Negative cultures n = 54 (29.7%). The estimated survival for the largest groups at 2-years after surgery was: Staphylococcus aureus 62% (95% Confidence interval 53.9 - 70.1), Streptococcus sp. 74.7% (67.4 - 82.0), Salmonella sp. 73.7% (63.6 - 83.8), Enterococcus sp. 61.9% (49.6 - 74.2), and Negative cultures 89.8% (85.5 - 94.1), P =.051. There were 37 IRCs (20.3%), and 19 (51.4%) were fatal, the frequency was insignificant between the groups. The majority of IRCs, 30/37 (81%), developed during the first postoperative year. Conclusion: In this assessment of microbiological findings of INAAs in Sweden, 50% of the pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., or Salmonella sp.. The overall 20%-frequency of IRCs, and its association with high mortality, motivates long-term antibiotic treatment regardless of microbial findings.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Zou, J, et al.
(author)
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A primer on deep learning in genomics
- 2019
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 51:1, s. 12-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 17. |
- Bustamante, Mercedes, et al.
(author)
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Ten new insights in climate science 2023
- 2023
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In: Global Sustainability. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 2059-4798. ; 7
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-technical summary We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems.Technical summary The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports provides the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitutes an unmatched resource for researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding of climate change across diverse research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesize significant research advances. We collected input from experts on various fields using an online questionnaire and prioritized a set of 10 key research insights with high policy relevance. This year, we focus on: (1) the looming overshoot of the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) the urgency of fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges to scale-up carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding future natural carbon sinks, (5) the need for joint governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in understanding compound events, (7) accelerated mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility amidst climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We present a succinct account of these insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy-relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communication effort is also the basis for a policy report contributing to elevate climate science every year in time for the United Nations Climate Change Conference.Social media summary We highlight recent and policy-relevant advances in climate change research - with input from more than 200 experts.
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| 22. |
- Hervas, A, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy and safety of extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, controlled, Phase III trial
- 2014
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In: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X. ; 24:12, s. 1861-72
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: Guanfacine extended-release (GXR), a selective α2A-adrenergic agonist, is a non-stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assessed the efficacy (symptoms and function) and safety of dose-optimized GXR compared with placebo in children and adolescents with ADHD. An atomoxetine (ATX) arm was included to provide reference data against placebo. Patients (6-17 years) were randomized at baseline to dose-optimized GXR (0.05 mg/kg/day- 0.12 mg/kg/day: 6-12 years: 1-4 mg/day; 13-17 years: 1-7 mg/day), ATX (10-100 mg/day) or placebo for 4 or 7 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline in ADHD Rating Scale version IV (ADHD-RS-IV). Key secondary measures were Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) and the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report (WFIRS-P; learning and school, and family domains). Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), electrocardiograms and vital signs. A total of 272 (80.5%) patients from Europe, the USA and Canada completed the study. Significant differences were observed in least squares mean change from baseline in ADHD-RS-IV total score (placebo-adjusted differences) (GXR: [−8.9, p<0.001]; ATX: [−3.8, p<0.05]), the difference from placebo in the percentage of patients showing improvement (1 ['very much improved'] or 2 ['much improved']) for CGI-I (GXR: [23.7, p<0.001]; ATX: [12.1 p<0.05]), WFIRS-P learning and school domain (GXR: [−0.22, p<0.01]; ATX: [−0.16, p<0.05]) and family domain (GXR: [−0.21, p<0.01]; ATX: [−0.09, p=0.242]). Most common TEAEs for GXR were somnolence, headache and fatigue; 70.1% of GXR subjects reported mild-to-moderate TEAEs. GXR was effective and well tolerated in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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| 24. |
- Otto, Saskia A., et al.
(author)
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Ekosystembaserad utveckling av indikatorer för pelagiska födovävar
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utveckling av indikatorer under EU:s ramdirektiv om en marin strategi, Havsmiljödirektivet, är en särskild utmaning när det gäller födovävar. Dessa indikatorer ska helst beskriva tillståndet i ett marint system, trots att sådana system är dynamiska och har komplexa interaktioner som ofta är icke-linjära. Havsområden som karaktäriseras av tydliga miljögradienter, som exempelvis Östersjön, medför ytterligare svårighet vid bedömningar av systemets tillstånd, eftersom det är nödvändigt att känna till hur pass relevanta indikatorerna är över hela spannet av miljöförhållanden som finns i området. Robusta tester och utvärderingar av indikatorerna är därför nödvändiga, särskilt för att undersöka hur de svarar på samtidiga påverkansvariabler och hur olika indikatorer är länkade genom artinteraktioner. I detta projekt använde vi flera olika metoder för att på ett robust sätt testa indikatorer för pelagiska födovävar i flera utsjöregioner i Östersjön: Bornholmsbassängen, Gotlandsbassängen, och Bottenhavet. Arbetet organiserades i tre delprojekt.I delprojekt 1 utvecklade vi ett modellbaserat ramverk där enskilda indikatorer testades mot enskilda påverkansvariabler, som till exempel koncentration av näringsämnen och fiskeintensitet. Detta möjliggjorde utvärdering av indikatorerna med avseende på deras sensitivitet, robusthet och specificitet. Med hjälp av ramverket kunde vi jämföra sex djurplanktonbaserade födovävsindikatorer och sju fiskbaserade födovävsindikatorer i två bassänger i Östersjön (Bornholmsbassängen och Gotlandsbassängen), medan i Bottenhavet jämfördes sex djurplanktonbaserade indikatorer (i detta område saknas längre tidsserier för fisk). De indikatorer som fick bäst resultat, inklusive de två tidigare föreslagna indikatorerna (’HELCOM core indicators’) baserade på djurplankton: Total djurplanktonförekomst (Total Zooplankton Abundance, TZA) och Medelstorlek av djurplankton (Mean Size, MS), analyserades vidare för att förstå eventuellt samspeloch påverkan mellan indikatorer.Två metoder för att testa indikatorer utvecklades för att kunna förstå och kvantifiera kopplingen mellan indikatorer orsakade av interaktioner (samspel) mellan olika arter, samt hur förhållandet mellan indikatorer och påverkansvariabler ser ut när hänsyns tas till indikatorernas koppling pga samspel mellan arter. Dessa metoder tillämpades sedan på olika typer av födovävsindikatorer på två samspelande nivåer i födoväven (delprojekt 2, storleksbaserade indikatorer samt mängd av fiskätande fisk och av bytesfiskar) och på tre samspelande nivåer (delprojekt 3, olika fisk och djurplanktonbaserade indikatorer) i Bornholmsbassängen och Gotlandsbassängen.Länkar mellan födovävsindikatorer från olika trofinivåer, som beror på de olika arternas samspel, var nödvändiga att ta hänsyn till för att kunna förklara hur dessa indikatorer varierade över tid. Detta visades i analyser av födovävsindikatorerna baserade på torsk Gadus morhua, en rovfisk, och i de indikatorer baserade på dess huvudsakliga bytesdjur skarpsill Sprattus sprattus och strömming Clupea harengus i Bornholmsbassängen, där både länkar (som motsvarar samspelet mellan rovdjur och byten) samt täthetsberoende effekter inom varje art behövde inkluderas för att förklara variationen i dessa pelagiska födovävsindikatorer från 1980-talet fram till 2012. Detta gällde för både abundans- och storleksbaserade indikatorer, men variationen över tid kunde förklaras bättre för de förstnämnda (testade 1979-2012) än de senare (testade 1984-2012). Vi lyckades inte anpassa någon statistiskt säkerställd modell för dessa två typer av indikatorer i Gotlandsbassängen, där mängden oförklarad variation förblev stor. När indikatorer testades på tre samspelande trofinivåer med en annan metod visade även dessa analyser att indikatorer på olika trofinivåer ofta påverkade varandra. Robusta modeller som förklarade variationen över tid kunde utvecklas för de djurplanktonbaserade indikatorerna (i båda bassängerna) och för indikatorn baserad på rovfisk (torsk) i Bornholmsbassängen. Utvecklingen över tid för storleksbaserade fiskindikatorerna förklarades sämre av modellerna än för de andra indikatorerna också i denna testmetod.Båda typerna av analyser i delprojekt 2 och 3 (två och tre samspelande nivåer i födoväven) visade att indikatorerna i allmänhet svarade mot ett flertal påverkansvariabler snarare än en enda, och att dessa var variabler kopplade till klimat, fiske och koncentration av näringsämnen eller primärproduktion. I studierna av två samspelande nivåer i födoväven, i detta fall de olika fiskbaserade indikatorerna, var salthalt, temperatur och syreförhållanden samt näringsämnen väsentliga för att kunna förklara utvecklingen av indikatorerna över tid. När tre samspelande nivåer i födoväven studerades – dvs. när djurplanktonbaserade indikatorer även var med i analysen – hade klimatvariabler ofta en starkare effekt på indikatorerna än fiske och primärproduktion. Detta belyser vikten av att ta hänsyn till klimatförändring när indikatorer tolkas och används till utvärdering av förvaltningsinsatser. Indikatorernas svar på externa påverkansvariabler var i många fall icke-linjära och berodde i vissa fall på nivån av en annan påverkansvariabel. Detta visar på nyttan med avancerade modellverktyg som kan fånga upp den relevanta dynamiken i system som karakteriseras av olika tillstånd (där olika orsakssamband kan gälla under olika tillstånd, s.k. ’alternativa regimer’).Projektets resultat utgör de första stegen mot en bedömning av födovävarnas nuvarande status, baserat på bassängspecifika uppsättningar av välfungerande fiskoch djurplanktonbaserade födovävsindikatorer. Våra resultat visar att (1) kopplingar mellan olika indikatorer, som uppkommer genom samspel mellan arter på olika nivåer i födoväven, bör beaktas i arbetet med att utveckla indikatorer för födovävar, (2) indikatorer för pelagiska födovävar som representerar djurplankton, planktonätande fisk och fiskätande fisk svarar alla mot flera samtidiga påverkansvariabler och (3) variationen över tid i variabler relaterade till fiske, övergödning (primärproduktion och näringsämnen) och klimatförändring förklarade indikatorernas historiska utveckling (1979/1984-2012).Det fanns ett fåtal skillnader mellan de olika metodernas resultat vad gäller de specifika sambanden mellan indikatorer och påverkansvariabler, men vi bedömer de samband som identifierats av minst två metoder som tillförlitliga. Dessa påverkansvariabler anses därför som de huvudsakliga. Det var dock inte alla indikatorer som hade statistiskt tillförlitliga samband till påverkansvariabler, varken inom en metod eller vid jämförelser mellan metoder. Därför är det ett urval av indikatorer som vi rekommenderar, givet det underliggande datamaterialet och provtagningsförfarandet.Vi rekommenderar att följande indikatorer används till riskanalyser eller utvärdering av förvaltningsalternativ för pelagiska födovävar i de studerade områdena, inom Havsmiljödirektivet:• För Bornholmsbassängen: Total djurplanktonförekomst (Total Zooplankton Abundance, TZA), förhållandet mellan hinnkräftor och hoppkräftor (Ratio Cladocerans to Copepods, RCC), skarpsill (Sprat), strömming (Herring), samt torsk (Cod).• För Gotlandsbassängen: Medelstorlek av djurplankton (Mean Size, MS), förhållandet mellan hinnkräftor och hoppkräftor (Ratio Cladocerans to Copepods, RCC), skarpsill (Sprat), strömming (Herring), samt torsk (Cod).• För Bottenhavet (där långsiktiga fiskdata saknas): Total djurplanktonförekomst (Total Zooplankton Abundance, TZA), Medelstorlek av djurplankton (Mean Size, MS) samt hoppkräftsbiomassa (Cops).
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| 29. |
- Ahlgrim, C., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Molecular Multiplex and Singleplex Analysis of IgE to Grass Pollen Allergens in Untreated German Grass Pollen-Allergic Patients
- 2015
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In: Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology. - 1018-9068 .- 1698-0808. ; 25:3, s. 190-195
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The ImmunoCAP ISAC 112 platform is the only commercially available molecular allergy IgE multiplex test. Data on the comparison of this rather novel test with the molecular singleplex ImmunoCAP IgE platform are lacking. Objective:To compare the multiplex ISAC 112 platform and the singleplex ImmunoCAP platform in regard to IgE to grass pollen allergens in untreated grass pollen allergic patients in Germany. Methods: Serum samples from 101 adults with grass pollen allergy were analyzed for specific IgE (sIgE) to 8 allergenic molecules from timothy grass pollen and to the 112 allergenic molecules included in the ISAC panel. The results for the multiplex and singleplex tests were subsequently analyzed statistically. Results: Comparison of sIgE to grass pollen allergens detected by ISAC 112 and the singleplex ImmunoCAP assay revealed the following correlation coefficients: 0.88 (rPhl p1), 0.96 (rPhl p2), 0.70 (nPhl p4), 0.94 (rPhl p5b), 0.92 (rPhl p6), 0.85 (rPhl p11), and 0.78 (rPhl p12). Conclusion: Molecular testing with ISAC 112 correlates well with the ImmunoCAP platform for respective molecular timothy grass pollen allergens.
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| 30. |
- Alpy, F, et al.
(author)
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Generation of a conditionally null allele of the laminin alpha 1 gene
- 2005
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In: Genesis: The Journal of Genetics and Development. - : Wiley. - 1526-954X. ; 43:2, s. 59-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Laminins are heterotrimeric glycoproteins of the basement membranes. Laminin 1 (alpha 1, beta 1, gamma 1) is the major laminin expressed during early mouse embryogenesis. To gain access, to the physiological function of laminin alpha 1 chain, we developed a conditionally null allele of its encoding gene (Lama1) using the cre/loxP system. Floxed-allele-carrying mice (Lama1(flox/flox)) display no overt phenotype. Lama1(flox/flox) mice were crossed with transgenic deleter mice (CMV-Cre) to generate Lama1-deficient mice (Lama1(Delta/Delta)). Lama1(Delta/Delta) embryos die during the early postimplantation period after embryonic day 6.5. They lack Reichert's membrane, an extraembryonic basement membrane in which laminin all is normally highly expressed. In parallel, Lama1(Delta/Delta) embryos display 1) parietal and visceral endoderm differentiation defects with altered expression of cytokeratin 19 and GATA4, respectively, and 2) an induction of apoptosis. This new mouse model is of particular interest as it will allow time- and tissue-specific inactivation of the Lamal gene in various organs. genesis 43:59-70, 2005.
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| 31. |
- Azzena, B, et al.
(author)
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Late complications of high-voltage electrical injury might involve multiple systems and be related to current path
- 2016
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In: Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters. - 1121-1539 .- 1592-9558. ; 29:3, s. 192-194
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SUMMARYDelayed complications of electrical burns are mostly unexpected, and the link between the injury and the symptoms oftengoes unrecognized. A possible relation between source-ground sites and late clinical manifestations was recently emphasized. We report aunique case of combined intestinal-spinal delayed complications following a high-voltage electrical injury, a possible explanation being agreater current flow through the right hemisoma. The potential for late complications is an additional feature that physicians must considerin managing electrical injuries. Manifestations are variable and presentation is confounding, but current flow path can constitute a precioussource of information to predict complications in the late phase of management.
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| 32. |
- Caplan, Caroline E., et al.
(author)
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The classification of relict extraterrestrial chrome spinels using STEM techniques on silicate inclusions
- 2021
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In: Meteoritics and Planetary Science. - : Wiley. - 1086-9379 .- 1945-5100. ; 56:4, s. 700-722
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Remnant extraterrestrial chrome spinels from terrestrial sediments provide information on how the mixture of meteoritic materials falling to Earth has changed over Earth’s history. The parent meteorite type of each grain can be identified by characteristic elemental and oxygen-isotope abundances. Some meteorite types can be difficult to classify because their chrome-spinel compositional ranges overlap. Silicate inclusions within chrome spinels of modern ordinary chondrites have been shown to have discriminating power among meteorite subclasses. We employed energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) to investigate inclusions in chrome-spinel grains from Ordovician and Jurassic sediments. Unaltered Ordovician inclusions allowed us to establish the size limits for reliable SEM analysis of inclusions. The Jurassic grains were more altered, but the use of STEM techniques on small inclusions (<3 μm diameter at their polished surfaces) allowed us to determine chemical compositions and mineral structures of inclusions in three chrome spinels. The parent meteorite type was determined for one Jurassic grain based on its inclusion compositions. Our study confirms that silicate inclusions can be used to classify parent meteorite types of chrome-spinel grains, but the size of the inclusions and the complex effects of terrestrial alteration must be taken into account. During our study, we also found some interesting exsolution phenomena in the host chrome-spinel grains.
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- Fuerst, Johannes J., et al.
(author)
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The Ice-Free Topography of Svalbard
- 2018
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In: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 45:21, s. 11760-11769
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a first version of the Svalbard ice-free topography (SVIFT1.0) using a mass conserving approach for mapping glacier ice thickness. SVIFT1.0 is informed by more than 1 million point measurements, totalling more than 8,700 km of thickness profiles. SVIFT1.0 is publicly available and represents the geometric state around the year 2010. Our estimate for the total ice volume is 6,199 km(3), equivalent to 1.5-cm sea level rise. The thickness map suggests that 13% of the glacierized area is grounded below sea level. A complementary map of error estimates comprises uncertainties in the thickness surveys as well as in other input variables. Aggregated error estimates are used to define a likely ice-volume range of 5,200-7,300 km(3). The ice front thickness of marine-terminating glaciers is a key quantity for ice loss attribution because it controls the potential ice discharge by iceberg calving into the ocean. We find a mean ice front thickness of 135 m for the archipelago (likely range 123-158 m). Plain Language Summary Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, north of Norway, which is comparable in size to the New York metropolitan area. Roughly half of it is covered by glacier ice. Yet to this day, the ice volume stored in the many glaciers on Svalbard is not well known. Many attempts have been made to infer a total volume estimate, but results differ substantially. This surprises because of the long research activity in this area. A large record of more than 1 million thickness measurements exists, making Svalbard an ideal study area for the application of a state-of-the-art mapping approach for glacier ice thickness. The mapping approach computes an ice volume that will raise global sea level by more than half an inch if instantaneously melted. If spread over the metropolitan area, New York would be buried beneath a 100-m ice cover. The asset of this approach is that it provides not only a thickness map for each glacier on the archipelago but also an error map that defines the likely local thickness range. Finally, we provide the first well-informed estimate of the ice front thickness of all marine-terminating glaciers that loose icebergs to the ocean. The archipelago-wide mean ice front cliff is 135 m.
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- Heyland, Daren K., et al.
(author)
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A Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine for Treatment of Burn Injuries
- 2022
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 387:11, s. 1001-1010
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUNDGlutamine is thought to have beneficial effects on the metabolic and stress response to severe injury. Clinical trials involving patients with burns and other critically ill patients have shown conflicting results regarding the benefits and risks of glutamine supplementation.METHODSIn a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients with deep second-or third-degree burns (affecting >= 10% to >= 20% of total body-surface area, depending on age) within 72 hours after hospital admission to receive 0.5 g per kilogram of body weight per day of enterally delivered glutamine or placebo. Trial agents were given every 4 hours through a feeding tube or three or four times a day by mouth until 7 days after the last skin grafting procedure, discharge from the acute care unit, or 3 months after admission, whichever came first. The primary outcome was the time to discharge alive from the hospital, with data censored at 90 days. We calculated subdistribution hazard ratios for discharge alive, which took into account death as a competing risk.RESULTS A total of 1209 patients with severe burns (mean burn size, 33% of total body-surface area) underwent randomization, and 1200 were included in the analysis (596 patients in the glutamine group and 604 in the placebo group). The median time to discharge alive from the hospital was 40 days (interquartile range, 24 to 87) in the glutamine group and 38 days (interquartile range, 22 to 75) in the placebo group (subdistribution hazard ratio for discharge alive, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.04; P = 0.17). Mortality at 6 months was 17.2% in the glutamine group and 16.2% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.41). No substantial between-group differences in serious adverse events were observed.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with severe burns, supplemental glutamine did not reduce the time to discharge alive from the hospital.
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| 44. |
- Hock, Regine, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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GlacierMIP - A model intercomparison of global-scale glacier mass-balance models and projections
- 2019
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In: Journal of Glaciology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 65:251, s. 453-467
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global-scale 21st-century glacier mass change projections from six published global glacier models are systematically compared as part of the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project. In total 214 projections of annual glacier mass and area forced by 25 General Circulation Models (GCMs) and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios and aggregated into 19 glacier regions are considered. Global mass loss of all glaciers (outside the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets) by 2100 relative to 2015 averaged over all model runs varies from 18 +/- 7% (RCP2.6) to 36 +/- 11% (RCP8.5) corresponding to 94 +/- 25 and 200 +/- 44 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE), respectively. Regional relative mass changes by 2100 correlate linearly with relative area changes. For RCP8.5 three models project global rates of mass loss (multi-GCM means) of >3 mm SLE per year towards the end of the century. Projections vary considerably between regions, and also among the glacier models. Global glacier mass changes per degree global air temperature rise tend to increase with more pronounced warming indicating that mass-balance sensitivities to temperature change are not constant. Differences in glacier mass projections among the models are attributed to differences in model physics, calibration and downscaling procedures, initial ice volumes and varying ensembles of forcing GCMs.
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- Huang, D., et al.
(author)
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The role of Cdx2 as a lineage specific transcriptional repressor for pluripotent network during the first developmental cell lineage segregation
- 2017
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first cellular differentiation event in mouse development leads to the formation of the blastocyst consisting of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). The transcription factor CDX2 is required for proper TE specification, where it promotes expression of TE genes, and represses expression of Pou5f1 (OCT4). However its downstream network in the developing embryo is not fully characterized. Here, we performed high-throughput single embryo qPCR analysis in Cdx2 null embryos to identify CDX2-regulated targets in vivo. To identify genes likely to be regulated by CDX2 directly, we performed CDX2 ChIP-Seq on trophoblast stem (TS) cells. In addition, we examined the dynamics of gene expression changes using inducible CDX2 embryonic stem (ES) cells, so that we could predict which CDX2-bound genes are activated or repressed by CDX2 binding. By integrating these data with observations of chromatin modifications, we identify putative novel regulatory elements that repress gene expression in a lineage-specific manner. Interestingly, we found CDX2 binding sites within regulatory elements of key pluripotent genes such as Pou5f1 and Nanog, pointing to the existence of a novel mechanism by which CDX2 maintains repression of OCT4 in trophoblast. Our study proposes a general mechanism in regulating lineage segregation during mammalian development.
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