| 1. |
- Svärd, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations to smoking and shared epitope differ between IgA and IgG class antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides in early rheumatoid arthritis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 67:8, s. 2032-2037
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Smoking and HLA-DRB1/shared epitope (SE) are well-known interacting risk factors for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with IgG anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA). It remains unknown to what extent SE-genes and smoking associate with mucosal immune responses.Objectives This study was done to explore relations between cigarette smoking habits and SE versus circulating IgA and IgG anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) among early RA patients.Methods Patients from two early-RA cohorts were analysed, EIRA-1 (n=1663) and TIRA-2 (n=199). The patients were grouped into four subsets based on anti-CCP: IgG-/IgA-, IgG-/IgA+, IgG+/IgA- and IgG+/IgA+. Interaction between smoking and SE was calculated by the attributable proportion due to deviation from additivity. Analyzed controls (n=1100) were randomly selected from the EIRA-1 study base.Results Anti-CCP occurrence was similar in the two cohorts. Only in EIRA was IgA anti-CCP detected alone in a minority of cases (3%). Smoking was significantly overrepresented among IgA anti-CCP+ patients with or without IgG-class anti-CCP, but not with IgG anti-CCP alone. Presence of SE genes was overrepresented among IgG anti-CCP+ patients with or without IgA-class anti-CCP, but not with IgA anti-CCP alone. Smoking and SE interacted regarding the risk of IgG+/IgA+ RA (AP=0.5, 95 % CI=0.4-0.6), whereas no significant interaction was observed regarding IgG-/IgA+ or IgG+/IgA- RA.Conclusions Association between cigarette smoking and anti-CCP is limited to cases with IgA-class antibodies in addition to IgG anti-CCP. This suggests a causal relation between chronic mucosal irritation/inflammation, induction of a systemic IgA anti-CCP response and subsequent development of RA.
|
|
| 2. |
- De Backer, Jeroen, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Friction stir welding with robot for light vehicle design
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings from the 8<sup>th</sup> International Friction Stir Welding Symposium. - : The Welding Institute. - 1903761085 - 9781903761083
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reducing weight is one of the enablers to design more environmentally friendly vehicles. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) supports low weight design through its capability to join different combinations of light weight materials, e.g. different aluminium alloys, but also through its possibilities in producing continuous joints. StiRoLight is a recently started project for robotised FSW for joining of light weight materials emphasising on the vehicle industry, an industry with a long-time experience of robotic welding. The first task involves investigation of force feedback for maintaining the desired contact force. Another important aspect in robotised FSW is the compliance of the robot, which may result in deviations from the pre-programmed path as a result of the high process forces experienced during the welding operation. The further exploration of three-dimensional FSW seams and definition of the process windows will be part of further research within this project.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ilar, Anna
(författare)
-
Airborne occupational exposures and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease with multifaceted aetiology. Cigarette smoke is the strongest environmental risk factor of RA, and research suggests that airborne exposures may trigger RA among genetically susceptible individuals. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence of airborne, occupational exposures on the risk of developing RA. The purpose of Study I was to explore whether there was any association between occupation and risk of developing RA. The airborne occupational exposures later studied were textile dust (Study II), asbestos and crystalline silica dust (Study III) and five types of organic dusts (Study IV). Methods: All four PhD projects are case-control studies. Study I is based on the Swedish Eipidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) study. In Study I we identified newly diagnosed RA cases from the age of 18 in the southern and central parts of Sweden from May 1996 until September 2014. 1-2 controls per case were randomly selected from the population register, matched on age, sex and residential area. Data on occupational titles and environmental risk factors were collected through an extensive questionnaire. Study II is based on the Malaysian EIRA (MyEIRA) study. We identified newly diagnosed female RA cases from 18 to 70 years of age from Peninsular Malaysia between August 2005 and December 2009. One control per case was selected and matched on age and residential area. Data on occupational titles and environmental risk factors were collected through an interview, based on an extensive questionnaire. In Study III and IV the study base comprised of men and women in Sweden from 1996 until 2013. RA patients were selected based on the information from EIRA, the national patient register, the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (SRQ) and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Apart fom the EIRA controls, ten additional controls per case were randomly selected from the total population register. For Study III and IV the occupational titles were retrieved from the national Population and Housing censuses (1960-1990) and from Statistics Sweden’s LISA-register (2001-2010). We assessed the occupational exposure to the inorganic dusts asbestos, silica and five organic dusts by applying job-exposure matrices (JEMs) to the occupations of the participants. In all four studies, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) by means of logistic regression analysis to assess the association between the main exposure and risk of RA. Results: Among men the production-related occupations bricklayers and concrete workers, electrical and electronics workers and material handling operators were associated with an increased risk of RA compared to workers within the professional, administrative and technical sectors after adjustment for potential confounding from cigarette pack-years, alcohol use, education and body mass index (BMI). Among women, we observed an increased risk of RA among assistant nurses and attendants. Men working with crystalline silica or asbestos had an increased risk of developing RA compared to unexposed workers. This finding may partly explain the increased risk among men working in production related occupations. The highest risk estimates for both asbestos and crystalline silica were observed among male workers with the longest duration of exposure, and for seropositive RA there was a significant dose-response trend for both agents. We could not detect an increased risk among women from asbestos or crystalline silica exposure. But fewer women than men had been working in occupations where they had been exposed to inorganic dusts and they also tended to have been exposed for a shorter period of time and to lower intensities. For the organic dusts wood, animal, paper, textile and flour, the risk estimates were more similar for men and women. Among these five types of dust, animal dust showed the most solid association with an increased risk of RA. The OR also increased with duration of exposure to animal dust. We observed an increased risk of RA among women from exposure to textile dust in Malaysia. There was also an interaction between textile dust exposure and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles, predominantly for the risk of developing Anti- Citrullinated Protein/Peptide Antibody (ACPA) + RA. Also in the Swedish population there were signs of an association between textile dust and seropositive RA. Conclusions: This thesis demonstrates that your occupation may be associated with an increased risk of developing both seropositive and seronegative RA, where exposures to inorganic but also organic dusts play a role. Duration of exposure to organic and inorganic dusts is associated mainly with seropositive RA. These findings support the notion that the lung plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. The results can contribute to preventive measures at workplaces where workers are associated with an increased risk. This doctoral thesis highlights the importance to study inorganic and organic airborne exposures in countries with high or long-term exposure.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ilar, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Myocardial infarction and occupational exposure to motor exhaust : a population-based case-control study in Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 29:7, s. 517-525
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a well-established association between particulate urban air pollution and cardiovascular disease, but few studies have investigated the risk associated with occupational exposure to particles from motor exhaust. This study investigated the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) after occupational exposure to motor exhaust, using elemental carbon (EC) as a marker of exposure. A population-based case-control study of first-time non-lethal MI was conducted among Swedish citizens in ages 45-70 living in Stockholm County 1992-1994, including 1,643 cases and 2,235 controls. Working histories and data on potential confounders were collected by questionnaire and medical examination. The exposure to EC was assessed through a job-exposure matrix. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. We investigated various exposure metrics: intensity, cumulative exposure and years since exposure. There was an exposure-response relation between the highest average exposure intensity during the work history and the risk of MI when adjusting for smoking and alcohol drinking (p for trend 0.034), with an OR of 1.30 (95 % CI 0.99-1.71) in the highest tertile of exposure compared to the unexposed. An exposure-response pattern was observed in the analysis of years since exposure cessation among formerly exposed. Additional adjustments for markers of the metabolic syndrome reduced ORs and trends to non-significant levels, although this might be an over-adjustment since the metabolic syndrome may be part of the causal pathway. Occupational exposure to motor exhaust was associated with a moderately increased risk of MI.
|
|
| 5. |
- Soron, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
A local model for online path corrections in friction stir welding
- 2010
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ADVANCES ON FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING. Program.http://www.polytech-lille.fr/IMG/pdf/program.pdf.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friction stir welding (FSW) has always been associated with high forces and rigid machines Today’s trends towards joining of more complex structures in e.g. the automotive and aerospace industry, the applications require machinery with increased dexterity and flexibility, which cannot be achieved with the traditional FSW systems. But the introduction of more flexible machines, with more complex workspace capacity, will lead to undesired tool path deviations and in worst case a weld seam with inferior quality. In this study an industrial robot system is used to emphasise the need to compensate for the deviations caused by the high lateral forces resulting from the FSW process. A local model to compensate for such deviations is implemented, evaluated and compared to uncompensate welds in terms of quality and reliability.
|
|
