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- Edvinsson, Rodney, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The house price index for Stockholm 1420–2021
- 2022
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Ingår i: Banking, Bonds, National Wealth, and Stockholm House Prices, 1420–2020. - Stockholm : Ekerlids förlag. - 9789189323605 ; , s. 335-352
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter presents an overview of the development of Stockholm’s real estate prices from 1420 to 2021. It summarises the results from the three studies in thepresent volume, which present new price indices for the periods 1420 to 1630, 1630to 1730, and 1730 to 1875. Furthermore, it links together all these indices with already existing ones that cover the periods 1875 to 1957, 1957 to 1975, and 1975 to 2021, respectively. In addition, we have also gathered a few sporadic sources onsales back to 1283, only a few decades after the founding of Stockholm, which can give a very rough idea of the price level before and after the Black Death. Together, they form some of the longest existing real estate price indices in the world.With this study, we can assess for the first time the trajectory of house prices in Stockholm over almost the full history of the city. This will not only give us insights into Stockholm ́s economic history but will also be an important source for researchers seeking to include historical real estate prices as a variable in any futurestudies.
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| 2. |
- Weiss, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND TOLERABILITY OF A PURELY BICARBONATE-BUFFERED PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION
- 2009
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Ingår i: Peritoneal Dialysis International. - 1718-4304 .- 0896-8608. ; 29:6, s. 647-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Novel peritoneal dialysis solutions are characterized by a minimal content of glucose degradation products and a neutral pH. Many studies have shown the biocompatibility of neutral lactate-buffered solutions; however, until now, the effect of purely bicarbonate-buffered solutions has not been intensively studied in vivo. Methods: This study was an open label, prospective, crossover multicenter trial to investigate the biocompatibility of a purely bicarbonate-buffered solution (bicPDF) by measuring biocompatibility parameters such as cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in peritoneal effluent. 55 patients were enrolled in the study. After a 2-week run-in phase, 53 patients could be randomized into 2 groups, starting with either standard lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluid (SPDF) for 12 weeks (phase 1) and then switching to bicPDF for 12 weeks (phase 2), or vice versa. Overnight peritoneal effluents were collected at baseline and at the end of phases 1 and 2 and were tested for CA125, hyaluronic acid, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). Total ultrafiltration and residual renal function were also assessed. At the end of the study, pain during fluid exchange and dwell was evaluated using special questionnaires. Results: 34 patients completed the study; 27 of them provided data for analysis of the biocompatibility parameters. CA125 levels in overnight effluent were significantly higher with bicPDF (61.9 +/- 33.2 U/L) than with SPDF (18.6 +/- 18.2 U/L, p < 0.001). Hyaluronic acid levels were significantly lower after the use of bicPDF (185.0 +/- 119.6 ng/mL) than after SPDF (257.4 +/- 174.0 ng/mL, p = 0.013). Both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 showed higher levels with the use of bicPDF than with SPDF. No differences were observed for IL-6, VEGF, or IFN gamma levels. We observed an improvement in the glomerular filtration rate with the use of bicPDF but no differences were observed for total fluid loss. Pain scores could be analyzed in 23 patients: there was no difference between the solutions. Conclusions: The use of a purely bicarbonate-buffered low-glucose degradation product solution significantly changes most of the peritoneal effluent markers measured, suggesting an improvement in peritoneal membrane integrity. Additionally, it seems to have a positive effect on residual renal function.
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