| 1. |
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A Bad Apple Went Away: Exploring Resilience among Bitcoin Entrepreneurs
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emerging digital cryptocurrency Bitcoin has made waves in mainstream media across the globe, as have the numerous extreme events that have rocked it. One such event, the bankruptcy of a prominent Bitcoin exchange called Mt. Gox, particularly shocked the emerging sociotechnical field. However, it is not clear how the numerous entrepreneurial firms operating in this field survived this shock.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson Schwarz, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt. ”Pandemi-appar kan bli hot mot personliga integriteten”
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Tre digitaliseringsforskare: Dataspårning måste vara transparent och ha nödvändiga ramar för ansvarsutkrävande och nedmontering efteråt.När myndigheter i en kris vill samla in spårningsdata om medborgare måste vi säkerställa nivåerna och omfattningen på ett tydligt och demokratiskt försvarbart sätt.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 9. |
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Human-Centred AI in the EU : Trustworthiness as a strategic priority in the European Member States
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European approach to artificial intelligence (AI) points to ethical considerations, human control and trustworthiness as its core tenets. But how clearly is this approach reflected in the Member States’ strategies?This anthology analyses to what extent the notions of ethical and trustworthy AI, presented by the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence and the European Commission, have influenced AI strategies in Portugal, The Netherlands, Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland, Norway as well as the Nordics overall.It is clear that the EU-level policies have had an impact on the national level strategies, although sometimes only to the extent that they were published before the national documents. For instance, while some countries, such as Norway and Portugal, have explicitly incorporated aspects from the Ethics Guidelines, others, such as the Nordics, already tended to include questions of trust and transparency, or on ethics as in the case of Poland.The EU has emphasised AI trustworthiness as both an ethical imperative and competitive advantage. However, implementation is still at the starting line: much depends on alignment between this diverse group of nations, with different priorities, within the single market.
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| 10. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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'A Bad Apple Went Away' : Exploring Resilience Among Bitcoin Entrepreneurs
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emerging digital cryptocurrency Bitcoin has made waves in mainstream media across the globe, as have the numerous extreme events that have rocked it. One such event, the bankruptcy of a prominent Bitcoin exchange called Mt. Gox, particularly shocked the emerging sociotechnical field. However, it is not clear how the numerous entrepreneurial firms operating in this field survived this shock. Studies of resilience in the face of extreme events have typically examined mature firms, characterised by formal structures and some slack resources. In such studies, the resilience, adaptability and transformability of the firm come into view. A new firm in an emergent field, however, is equally driven to survive – but must do so with far more limited resources, without a formal structure and little in the way of organisational learning. In our study, we find that such entrepreneurial firms rely on their collective identity in forming resilient responses. Furthermore, one outcome of this shock was a call for regulations and oversight – despite earlier dogmatic rejections of such formal control.
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| 11. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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AI for the benefit of society : Progress with trust and transparency
- 2023
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In this policy paper, the authors argue that trust and legitimacy in the state requires not only that it takes advantage of the quality improvements that generative AI offers, but also that state actors maintain the trust of citizens by acknowledging and advancing generative AI policy with the risks in mind.
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| 12. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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AI i samhällets tjänst : Utveckling med tillit och transparens
- 2023
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I detta policypapper argumenterar författarna för hur man upprätthåller förtroendet och legitimiteten för det offentliga i användningen av generativ AI. Offentlig sektor kan och bör dra nytta av de kvalitetsförbättringar som generativ AI erbjuder samtidigt som offentliga aktörer utvecklar lagstiftning med dess risker i åtanke. I syfte att upprätthålla den sociala och institutionella tilliten, krävs det att offentlig sektor tar till sig de möjligheter som generativ AI erbjuder - innan utrymmet och utvecklingen av teknologierna helt kontrolleras av privata aktörer.
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| 13. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Almost an MNC: Bitcoin entrepreneurs' Use of collective resources and decoupling to build legitimacy
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studies of legitimacy have typically looked at the creation and maintenance of legitimacy by both established and new organisations. This paper looks at how a set of entrepreneurs use the legitimacy of one, Alternative, community as a scaffold to build legitimacy in a more Mainstream one, despite the fact that norms between the two were often contradictory. Studying Bitcoin entrepreneurs in Europe, we find that the distributed, digital community of Bitcoin operates as a kind of MNC: the larger decentralised (and Alternative) community acts as the headquarters, while the local entrepreneurs seeking Mainstream legitimacy behave like subsidiaries. This allow them to rely on the legitimacy of the community at large, while simultaneously distinguishing themselves from the broader Bitcoin community as they seek legitimacy.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Corporate crowdfunding
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Crowdfunding has thus far been run by stand-alone crowdfunding platforms, many of them formed by for-profit companies. However, a number of universities have begun to start their own platforms. These «corporate crowdfunding» platforms are likely to have more resources at their disposal than stand-alone platforms but less flexibility as the overarching organization exerts control and decision-making over crowdfunding projects. This paper examines a university-operated crowdfunding platform called CrowdUni. It discusses existing literature around platforms and the creation of platform ecosystems, before linking the platform to corporate entrepreneurship. It then goes on to theorize around the impact that being housed inside an existing organization may have on the functioning of the platform and resulting platform ecosystem, before presenting some initial findings.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire
(författare)
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Crowdfunding across research fields: An overview and suggestions for future investigation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Crowdfunding. - : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.. - 9781788117210 - 9781788117203 ; , s. 23-45
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, the author discusses the multidisciplinarity nature of crowdfunding research. She examines the knowledge that we have on crowdfunding in fields such as entrepreneurial finance, entrepreneurship and information systems.
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| 18. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Crowdfunding among IT Entrepreneurs in Sweden
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Executive Summary Background. This report is the result of a study commissioned in 2013 by. SE-The Swedish Internet Infrastructure Foundation around how entrepreneurs, and in particular IT entrepreneurs, have responded to the increased availability of crowdfunding in Sweden. Much of the focus in international and regional studies has been on making crowdfunding attractive for potential funders, assuming that it is inherently attractive to would- be entrepreneurs.
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| 19. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Crowdfunding in Action: How Institutional Logics Encourage and Constrain Affordance Perception
- 2014
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Proceedings. - : Academy of Management. - 0065-0668 .- 2151-6561.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of crowdfunding platforms have emerged in recent years, reaching 800 in 2012. However, these platforms have arisen in different countries and contexts, subject to different institutional norms and logics. The perceived affordances of crowdfunding are affected by these differing contexts and these institutional norms and logics may act as constraints on affordance perception. This paper examines one such case, the case of reward-based crowdfunding in Sweden, where the prevailing norms and logics shaped ICT entrepreneurs perceptions of crowdfunding, constraining their perception of crowdfunding as providing either a viable form of funding, or of publicity.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire
(författare)
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Crowds, Coins and Communities : Digital Entrepreneuring in Emerging Financial Infrastructures
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalisation, or activities mediated by digital technologies, is more than the movement of pre-digital practices to digital environments. Instead, it fundamentally changes underlying practices. This thesis studies digitalisation in the field of finance, as entrepreneurs reinvent existing financial infrastructures, piece by piece. It zooms in on the practices of digital entrepreneuring in digital infrastructures through case studies of crowdfunding and cryptocurrencies (and online communities).It finds that digital entrepreneuring differs from its non-digital counterpart when it comes to legitimacy-building and consensus-building. This is because 1) distributed control of digital infrastructures affects how they evolve and are perceived; 2) code forks are used as an organising mechanism; 3) niche groups find, and cooperate with, each other more easily online; and 4) entrepreneuring practices cannot be severed from the digital artefacts upon which they rely. It finds that being reliant on a digital infrastructure is not as democratising as previously theorised: relational practices (like stigma, the formation of standards, and cooperation) anchor entrepreneurs in their chosen digital infrastructures, which limits the options open to them.Digitalisation, or activities mediated by digital technologies, is more than the movement of pre-digital practices to digital environments. Instead, it fundamentally changes underlying practices. This thesis studies digitalisation in the field of finance, as entrepreneurs reinvent existing financial infrastructures, piece by piece. It zooms in on the practices of digital entrepreneuring in digital infrastructures through case studies of crowdfunding and cryptocurrencies (and online communities). It finds that digital entrepreneuring differs from its non-digital counterpart when it comes to legitimacy-building and consensus-building. This is because 1) distributed control of digital infrastructures affects how they evolve and are perceived; 2) code forks are used as an organising mechanism; 3) niche groups find, and cooperate with, each other more easily online; and 4) entrepreneuring practices cannot be severed from the digital artefacts upon which they rely. It finds that being reliant on a digital infrastructure is not as democratising as previously theorised: relational practices (like stigma, the formation of standards, and cooperation) anchor entrepreneurs in their chosen digital infrastructures, which limits the options open to them.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Identity as a Platform of Platforms : Investigating Bankid’s Effect on Swedish Organizations
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital Identity Management Platforms (DIMPs) hold considerable promise for organizations to digitalize processes and in so doing reduce costs and increase efficiency. However, while there is considerable computer science and practitioner literature on DIMPs’ design and use, we know little about how (and if) they live up to this promise. We thus examine the performance effects of Sweden’s BankID on adopting organizations, using data from 2012-2018 from BankID and the Swedish Companies Registration Office. We understand BankID as a platform of platforms that confers benefits by making third-party platforms interoperable with the state identity system and banks, but expect that benefits accrue only when a sufficiently large number of individuals and organizations adopt the platform (network effects). We find support for the hypotheses that organizations with more liquid assets and higher spending on innovation were positively affected by adopting BankID, while organizations with more fixed assets were negatively affected.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire
(författare)
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Digital identity – beyond verification to a transparent (Decentralized) system for data and identity monitoring and control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Digital Transformation and Public Services. Societal Impacts in Sweden and Beyond. Anthony Larsson, Robin Teigland (red.). - London : Taylor and Francis. - 9781000690644 ; , s. 214-232, s. 214-232
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital trace data have come to be collected, aggregated, and used by a large number of organizations, both private and state. However, recent events like the Cambridge Analytica scandal and public scandals around data being used to influence elections in the United States, India, and elsewhere have meant that individuals have become increasingly sensitive to how their data are collected and managed. As a result, new data management systems – and with them identity management systems – have emerged. This exploratory and conceptual chapter explores the different models that have emerged, assesses their strengths and weaknesses, and compares them to existing identity and data use systems. In particular, it highlights implementation risks and opportunities associated with more sophisticated data management systems, while outlining some possible concerns around centralization of data commoditization and control. © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Anthony Larsson and Robin Teigland.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Don't panic: A human- and problem-centric approach to AI-led innovation.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sweden through the crisis. - Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics Institute for Research. - 9789186797386 ; , s. 253-264
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article, Claire Ingram Bogusz, Sebastian Krakowski and Christian Guttmann have a strong message – Don’t Panic! Highlighting the difference between AI for automation and AI for augmentation, they argue that organizations should focus on AI for augmentation. Seeing COVID-19 as a catalyst for change, the authors provide a concrete method, the problem-centric approach, for how organizations can implement AI and improve their organization’s performance.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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How infrastructures anchor open entrepreneurship: The case of Bitcoin and stigma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Information Systems Journal. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 1365-2575 .- 1350-1917. ; 28:6, s. 1176-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper delves into the question: How does an entrepreneur commercialising an open source technology (an open entrepreneur) respond when an underlying infrastructure that is maintained by a distributed and heterogeneous community become stigmatised, particularly when the source of the stigma is unclear? Research has found that, when faced with stigma, the most effective and robust strategy for established nondigital firms is to try to and create a distance from it. Open entrepreneurs with different ideologies would likely benefit from similar actions; however, the interdependencies created when they rely upon a digital infrastructure may make this strategy impossible. Given the tensions between ideological heterogeneity and a shared infrastructure, howand whydo open entrepreneurs respond to stigma? This paper extends existing literature on stigma by developing a model of ideologically mediated responses to stigma by open entrepreneurs through an inductive study based upon interviews, archival, and forum data. We further contribute to extant literature on open entrepreneurship by proposing a model of ideologically mediated responses to stigma, which is grounded in group identity theory. We also build on digital infrastructure literature by proposing the concept of digital infrastructure anchoring. Lastly, we show how ideological heterogeneity leads to business model heterogeneity among open entrepreneurs and discuss the practical implications of this research.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to the Crowdfunding and the "Wisdom of the Crowds Minitrack
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Crowdfunding research thus far has largely examined its link to entrepreneurship, despite the phenomenon's digital nature. This mini-track calls for papers that delve into the digital, or information systems, involved in crowdfunding.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Open or just Fragmented? Mobilization through open source action repertoires in the blockchain social movement
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Blockchain social movement not only opposed the economic system in the post-2009 financial crisis years, it provided a tangible technological alternative, built in computer code and using Open Source (OS) principles. The social movement mobilized using familiar OS structures and activities as action repertoires. Although this openness encouraged mobilization, this ran the risk of losing control, as individuals used the OS code for their own purposes, outside the scope of the social movement. The use of OS action repertoires provided ways to coordinate, vent and build consensus. Further, the resulting dissent, when it occurred made the movement more relevant by extending the movement and mobilizing individuals in complementary areas, driven by economic incentives. The OS repertoire of open entrepreneurship also facilitated mobilization, making the movement more influential. © 2021 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Self-organizing in blockchain infrastructures: Generativity through shifting objectives and forking
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Systems. - : Association for Information Systems. - 1536-9323. ; 20:9, s. 1242-1273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the ubiquity of digital technologies, and increased use of autonomous algorithms, it is likely that many of today’s social and organizational processes will one day include autonomous elements. The Bitcoin blockchain is likely the first case of an increasingly generative and autonomous way of organizing, and the specific properties of blockchain infrastructures-distribution of control, openness to manipulation, and generativity of the underlying source code-make it an ideal case to study patterns of self-organizing. This paper investigates the phenomenon of self-organizing through a study of forking in the Bitcoin blockchain infrastructure between 2010 and 2016. It adds to the emerging body of research on digital infrastructures, and particularly blockchain infrastructures, by conceptualizing forking as a pattern of self-organizing in blockchain infrastructures that specifically involves the underlying infrastructure, the scale of code changes, individual objectives, and collective adoption, whether specific or general. Thus, this paper demonstrates how forking in blockchain infrastructures mediates between divergent organizing objectives and existing capabilities, on the one hand, and generates self-organizing on the other hand. In this paper, we further contextualize our findings in extant work on digital infrastructures, offer a guide for designers of blockchain infrastructures, and propose the concept of “generative mirroring” as a pattern through which blockchain infrastructures and organizing adaptively coevolve.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Solving the puzzle of crowdfunding : Solving the puzzle of crowdfunding
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Crowdfunding has been embraced by entrepreneurs across the globe as an alternative to traditional sources of funding. However, it is not clear that ICT entrepreneurs in Sweden have embraced it as warmly, despite the potential benefits it offers. This paper explores this empirical puzzle in light of two complementary theoretical literatures: institutional entrepreneurship and technology affordances. It first examines existing institutional logics around startup investment before turning to the features of crowdfunding and whether ICT entrepreneurs perceive these as affordances. We discuss the tension among these affordances, institutional logics, and the crowdfunding platform providers' attempts as an institutional entrepreneur to become "taken for granted" as a legitimate part of the Swedish start-up institutional field. © 2014 IEEE.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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The boundaries of fintech : Data-driven classification and domain delimitation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fintech Competition. - London : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781509963348 - 9781509963355 - 9781509963362 - 9781509963379 - 1509963375
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fintech is a phenomenon that spans the fields—and industry classifications used in company registration databases—of both Finance and Technology This has resulted in unclear definitions of fintech, where some definitions define fintech in terms of financial services and others define it in terms of technologies. Consequently, studies on fintech and their results may not be directly comparable, and fintech firms are hard to identify using company registration data. This has implications for understanding the phenomenon of fintech, as well as for policy-making and regulatory efforts reliant on these definitions and data.This chapter uses machine learning and Swedish companies’ registry data to identify and define fintech firms, and associated fintech domains. The methodology relies on free text firm description data. It also explores the usefulness and limits of industry classification (SIC) codes in identifying these field-spanning firms, and by extension the boundaries and domains of fintech in a data-driven rather than model-driven understanding of fintech.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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The Carrot and the Stick : Open banking platform governance in the shadow of PSD2
- 2022
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Ingår i: ECIS 2022. - Timisoara, Romania : Association for Information Systems. - 9781958200025
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper employs a qualitative analytical approach to address the question of how incumbents incorporate risk into their platform strategy, and how this in turn influences their approach to platform governance. Through an analysis of legislative and policy documents on the formulation and implementation of PSD2 in Sweden and the EU, 24 semi-structured interviews with experts and organisational representatives in the Swedish banking sector, and literature from the fields of strategic innovation and financial sector governance, we conduct the grounded analytical development of a model linking risk assessment to platform governance among incumbent banks. Our model suggests an iterative three-stage process, involving translation, mobilisation, and incorporation as platform owners at banks try to balance openness and perceived platform risks.We identify a conflation of access openness and resource openness: platform owners decide resource openness ex ante, as part of their overarching strategy around what kind of platform to have, and then once they have the platform in place make decisions about platform access on a case-by-case basis, based on their risk assessments.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking the Digital Evolution of Entrepreneurial Finance: The Interplay Between Crowdfunding, Blockchain Technologies, Cryptocurrencies, and Initial Coin Offerings
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9391 .- 1558-0040. ; 67:4, s. 1099-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A vibrant development is currently taking place in entrepreneurial finance due to the field's digital evolution over recent years. This article aims to assess the interplay between four of the key phenomena that has fuelled this development, namely crowdfunding, blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, and initial coin offerings (ICOs). By making use of social media analytics, public discussions on social media concerning crowdfunding, blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, and ICOs have been systematically tracked in social media over three time periods between the May 6, 2017, and October 2, 2018. In doing so, a total of 197 770 captured posts across social media platforms have been collected and analyzed. The results illustrate that discussions on blockchain technologies dominated the interplay in the first analyzed time period, that discussions on cryptocurrencies and ICOs dominated the interplay in the second analyzed time period, while discussions concerning blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, and ICOs highly converge in the third time period. By illustrating this shift over the analyzed time periods and by offering a systematic exploration of key characteristics of the interplay at hand, this article adds to previous literature on entrepreneurial finance by providing an empirical contribution which details the coevolution of these phenomena in recent years.
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| 45. |
- Ingram Bogusz, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Åbent eller bare fragmenteret? Mobilisering gennem open source aktionsrepertoirer i den sociale blockchain-bevægelse
- 2023
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Ingår i: Studier af relevante og tidstypiske digital udfordringer i en dansk/nordisk kontekst. - Copenhagen : Business IT-instituttet på IT-Universitetet i København. - 9788779496484 ; , s. 181-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den sociale blockchain-bevægelse var ikke kun modstand mod det økonomiske system efter finanskrisen i 2009, den gav et håndgribeligt teknologisk alternativ gennem computerkodning og anvendelse af Open Source (OS) principper. Den sociale bevægelse mobiliserede gennem velkendte OS-strukturer og aktiviteter som aktionsrepertoirer. Selvom denne åbenhed opmuntrede til mobilisering, løb den en risiko for at miste kontrollen, da enkeltindivider brugte OS-koden til deres egne formål udenfor den sociale bevægelses område. Anvendelsen af OSaktionsrepertoirer gav måder at koordinere, lufte frustrationer og opbygge konsensus. Den resulterende dissens, da den opstod, gjorde desuden bevægelsen mere relevant ved at udvide den og mobilisere individer på komplementære områder, drevet af økonomiske incitamenter. OS-repertoiret af åbent iværksætteri faciliterede også mobilisering, og gav bevægelsen større indflydelse.
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| 46. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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The Artificial Recruiter: Risks of Discrimination in Employers’ Use of AI and Automated Decision-Making
- 2024
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Ingår i: Social Inclusion. - 2183-2803. ; 12, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant literature points to how the risk of discrimination is intrinsic to AI systems owing to the dependence on training data and the difficulty of post hoc algorithmic auditing. Transparency and auditability limitations are problematic both for companies’ prevention efforts and for government oversight, both in terms of how artificial intelligence (AI) systems function and how large-scale digital platforms support recruitment processes. This article explores the risks and users’ understandings of discrimination when using AI and automated decision-making (ADM) in worker recruitment. We rely on data in the form of 110 completed questionnaires with representatives from 10 of the 50 largest recruitment agencies in Sweden and representatives from 100 Swedish companies with more than 100 employees (“major employers”). In this study, we made use of an open definition of AI to accommodate differences in knowledge and opinion around how AI and ADM are understood by the respondents. The study shows a significant difference between direct and indirect AI and ADM use, which has implications for recruiters’ awareness of the potential for bias or discrimination in recruitment. All of those surveyed made use of large digital platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn for their recruitment, leading to concerns around transparency and accountability—not least because most respondents did not explicitly consider this to be AI or ADM use. We discuss the implications of direct and indirect use in recruitment in Sweden, primarily in terms of transparency and the allocation of accountability for bias and discrimination during recruitment processes.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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Patterns of Self-Organising in the Bitcoin Online Community: Code Forking as Organising in Digital Infrastructure
- 2018
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital infrastructures play an increasingly central role in shaping existing organisations and creating new ones. Research on digital infrastructure has rested on the assumption that infrastructures are developed to support pre-existing organised activities. However, with the rise of new digital infrastructures supporting open source projects and blockchain communities such as Bitcoin, development of the technological infrastructure also gives rise to a new way of self-organising. Specifically, forking of the underlying source code and subsequent community adoption is increasingly observed to trigger new patterns of self-organising. In order to explore and develop this concept, this paper investigates a case of such distributed digital community: the emergence of the Bitcoin community around a specific instantiation of the Blockchain infrastructure. Our study examines how the community emerges, and how changes in the source code lead to different patterns of self-organising. The paper develops a conceptual framework of self-organising in distributed communities emerging around digital infrastructures.
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| 49. |
- Schenström, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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DEBATT: AI-politiken är i desperat behov av nyansering och reformer
- 2023
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dagens AI-politik är i desperat behov av reformer. Det saknas översyn av konsekvenserna när generativ AI redan i dag implementeras ”bakvägen” inom offentlig sektor – utan gemensam förståelse för riskerna, skriver forskare och företrädare för tankesmedjan Fores.
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| 50. |
- Söderlund, Kasia, et al.
(författare)
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AI policy in Poland : Ethical considerations already at the core
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human-Centred AI in the EU : Trustworthiness as a strategic priority in the European Member States - Trustworthiness as a strategic priority in the European Member States. - 9789187379819 ; , s. 66-84
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter outlines the main stages of development of AI strategy in Poland, focusing on three significant documents: Considerationsfor AI Strategy in Poland (November 2018), Policy for Development of AIin Poland for the years 2019-2027 (August 2019) and the draft Policy forDevelopment of AI in Poland from year 2020 (September 2020). At themoment of writing, the latter document has been adopted by the PolishCommittee of the Council of Ministers for Digitisation and is still subject to the ongoing legislative process. It should therefore be noted thatthe final shape of the Polish AI strategy may differ to some extent fromthe one analysed in this chapter. The report was prepared through analysis and comparison of the above documents, with a few references topreparatory documents and official governmental websites. What follows is a deeper analysis of the second draft of the AI nationalstrategy, Policy for Development of AI in Poland from year 2020, withregard to how the following points of interests were interpreted andincorporated: definition, funding and investments, applications, data,the country’s identified characteristics and strengths, innovation, law,education, consumers, SMEs, environment and inequality. The strategysets out objectives which Poland is planning to achieve in the shortterm (until 2023), medium-term (until 2027), and long-term (beyond2027). It is divided into five subject areas: society, innovative companies, science, education, international cooperation and public sector,and consists mainly of action points on different levels of detail.The analysis in this chapter of the drafted AI strategy shows that theethical component – especially the EU’s and OECD’s concepts of trustworthy AI – played an important role in shaping the strategy. It is alsonoted that ethical principles were already reflected to a high degree inthe first document, Considerations for AI Strategy in Poland, which suggests that the ethical dimension of AI has been taken seriously by Polishpolicymakers throughout the legislative process.
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