| 1. |
- Ek, Weronica E., et al.
(författare)
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Tea and coffee consumption in relation to DNA methylation in four European cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 26:16, s. 3221-3231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifestyle factors, such as food choices and exposure to chemicals, can alter DNA methylation and lead to changes in gene activity. Two such exposures with pharmacologically active components are coffee and tea consumption. Both coffee and tea has been suggested to play an important role in modulating disease-risk in humans by suppressing tumour progression, decreasing inflammation and influencing estrogen metabolism. These mechanisms may be mediated by changes in DNA methylation.To investigate if DNA methylation in blood is associated with coffee and tea consumption we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study for coffee and tea consumption in four European cohorts (N = 3,096). DNA methylation was measured from whole blood at 421,695 CpG sites distributed throughout the genome and analysed in men and women both separately and together in each cohort. Meta-analyses of the results and additional regional-level analyses were performed.After adjusting for multiple testing, the meta-analysis revealed that two individual CpG-sites, mapping to DNAJC16 and TTC17, were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. No individual sites were associated in men or in the sex-combined analysis for tea or coffee. The regional analysis revealed that 28 regions were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. These regions contained genes known to interact with estradiol metabolism and cancer. No significant regions were found in the sex-combined and male-only analysis for either tea or coffee consumption.
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| 2. |
- Ingvar, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Factors for not performing total body skin examinations in primary care in association with teledermoscopy
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Primary Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2731-4553. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate factors related to omitted total body skin examination (TBSE) in skin cancer diagnostics while managing patients using teledermoscopy (TDS) in Swedish primary care.METHODS: 4,987 TDS referrals from primary care centers were analyzed to identify factors associated with failing to perform TBSE. Data collected included age, gender of patient and physician, and reason for a visit. Logistic regression was used to test the association between the variables and risk of failing to complete a TBSE.RESULTS: The risk for omitted TBSE is higher in older patients, females, patients whose primary reason for seeking care was not specifically for a complete skin check, and with female physician. Patients > 80 years had more than four times increased risk of not undergoing TBSE compared to the youngest (< 30 y). The strongest correlation to omitting TBSE was with other reasons for primary care visits than "skin check". Male gender of the patient and being examined by male physicians decreased the risk of omitted TBSE by 20% and 30%, respectively. There was no evidence of interaction between the gender of the patient and the physician.CONCLUSION: Since TDS reduces the opportunities to have a TBSE by dermatologists, the standard management of patients with suspicious skin lesions in primary care must be revised and evidence-based. TBSE is strongly recommended for patients with increased risk of skin cancer, for example old persons with fair skin and a history of skin cancer, when managing them with TDS.
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| 3. |
- Ingvar, Åsa M, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in a Prospective Cohort Study on Melanoma did not Affect the Incidence and Mortality of the Studied Disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2057 .- 0001-5555. ; 100:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prospective observational studies have shown previously that study participants have lower morbidity and mortality than non-participants. The aim of the current study was to determine whether participants in a prospective cohort study on melanoma have a different incidence and mortality of melanoma compared with non-participants and the background population. Information was collected from Swedish National Registers on participants (n = 30,501) and non-participants (n = 10,499) in the "Melanoma In Southern Sweden" (MISS) study and the background population (n = 243,032). Hazard ratios were calculated for overall incidence of cancer and melanoma, and all-cause and melanoma-specific mortality, using Cox regression. Participants had a lower overall incidence of cancer and all-cause mortality than non-participants and the background population. There was no difference in incidence of melanoma or melanoma-specific characteristics between participants and the background population. In conclusion, participants in the MISS study have a slightly better general health, but are a representative sample of the population with regard to studies of melanoma risk factors.
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| 4. |
- Sanna, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor genetic heterogeneity analysis of chronic sun-damaged melanoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. - : Wiley. - 1755-148X .- 1755-1471. ; 33:3, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic sun-damaged (CSD) melanoma represents 10%-20% of cutaneous melanomas and is characterized by infrequent BRAF V600E mutations and high mutational load. However, the order of genetic events or the extent of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) in CSDhigh melanoma is still unknown. Ultra-deep targeted sequencing of 40 cancer-associated genes was performed in 72 in situ or invasive CMM, including 23 CSDhigh cases. In addition, we performed whole exome and RNA sequencing on multiple regions of primary tumor and multiple in-transit metastases from one CSDhigh melanoma patient. We found no significant difference in mutation frequency in melanoma-related genes or in mutational load between in situ and invasive CSDhigh lesions, while this difference was observed in CSDlow lesions. In addition, increased frequency of BRAF V600K, NF1, and TP53 mutations (p < .01, Fisher's exact test) was found in CSDhigh melanomas. Sequencing of multiple specimens from one CSDhigh patient revealed strikingly limited ITH with >95% shared mutations. Our results provide evidence that CSDhigh and CSDlow melanomas are distinct molecular entities that progress via different genetic routes.
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| 5. |
- Sanna, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor genetic heterogeneity analysis of chronic sun-damaged melanoma.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pigment cell & melanoma research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1755-148X. ; 33:3, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic sun-damaged (CSD) melanoma represents 10%-20% of cutaneous melanomas and is characterized by infrequent BRAF V600E mutations and high mutational load. However, the order of genetic events or the extent of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) in CSDhigh melanoma is still unknown. Ultra-deep targeted sequencing of 40 cancer-associated genes was performed in 72 in situ or invasive CMM, including 23 CSDhigh cases. In addition, we performed whole exome and RNA sequencing on multiple regions of primary tumor and multiple in-transit metastases from one CSDhigh melanoma patient. We found no significant difference in mutation frequency in melanoma-related genes or in mutational load between in situ and invasive CSDhigh lesions, while this difference was observed in CSDlow lesions. In addition, increased frequency of BRAF V600K, NF1, and TP53 mutations (p < .01, Fisher's exact test) was found in CSDhigh melanomas. Sequencing of multiple specimens from one CSDhigh patient revealed strikingly limited ITH with >95% shared mutations. Our results provide evidence that CSDhigh and CSDlow melanomas are distinct molecular entities that progress via different genetic routes.
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| 6. |
- Brantervik, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Older hospitalised patients at risk of malnutrition: correlation with quality of life, aid from the social welfare system and length of stay?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Age and ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 34:5, s. 444-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: malnutrition is regarded as a major risk factor for complications and delayed recovery in hospitalised elderly patients. OBJECTIVE: to examine the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalised elderly patients and evaluate simple clinical screening criteria. To investigate whether malnutrition was related to lack of care from the health care or social welfare system, quality of life and hospital length of stay (LOS). SETTING: non-acute geriatric hospital. SUBJECTS: 294 elderly patients admitted for rehabilitation after acute hospital care; 244 patients were available for assessment. METHODS: questionnaire interview about nutrition, social network and quality of life. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, assessment of physical and cognitive function, recording of LOS, discharge destination and diagnosis. RESULTS: 126 patients (51.6%) were at risk of malnutrition using the criteria of body mass index<22 kg/m2 and/or weight loss>or=5%/6 months. Poor quality of life in women (P<0.04) and loss of the health of a spouse (P<0.02) correlated with weight loss. No differences were found in patients at risk regarding LOS, discharge destination, or aid from the social welfare system. CONCLUSIONS: this study confirms a high prevalence of malnutrition risk in hospitalised elderly patients. The health care and social welfare system appeared to be unaware of the problem. Poor quality of life in females and loss of the health of a spouse were related to malnutrition risk. The screening variables that were used appeared not to predict hospital length of stay or discharge destination.
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| 7. |
- Börjesson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial oxidation of CH4 at high partial pressures in an organic landfill cover soil under different moisture regimes
- 1998
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - 0168-6496. ; 26:3, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The uptake and utilization of CH4 at high concentrations (5-18% vol.) and different soil moistures were followed for samples from a landfill cover soil with a high organic matter content. Measurements of the utilization of CH4 and O2, and production of CO2 indicated that the activity of methanotrophic organisms accounted for most of the O2 respiration. At water saturation, CH4 oxidation rates decreased with time, probably because NH4/+ accumulated. Denitrification rates, estimated based on both N2 and N2O production, were positively related to soil moisture and only slightly influenced by the extent of CH4 oxidation. Total phospholipid fatty acid concentrations increased, and concentrations of phospholipid fatty acids, typical for obligate methanotrophic bacteria (e.g. 16:1ω8 and 18:1ω8), increased in the CH4-amended samples, indicating growth of both type I and type II methanotrophs.
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| 8. |
- Carlson, Åsa
(författare)
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Kön, kropp och konstruktion : en undersökning av den filosofiska grunden för distinktionen mellan kön och genus
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The distinction between sex and gender has become widely accepted in society and it is a basic assumption in many feminist theories. But in the 90s, this distinction has been severly criticised. Many thinkers have felt that gender has been emphasised at the expense of sex and that the body's significance for what it means to be a woman or a man socially has been lost. Also, it has been felt that sex and body have to be described in a new way, a way that suits feminist purposes without resulting in sex being seen as the passive material, or worse, the physical cause of what we have come to name gender.My question is therefore whether there exists any motive - apart from strategic, political ones - that nevertheless justifies a division between sex and gender, but also how one such new, poststructuralist description of the body can be understood. The description that I engage with suggests that the body is materialized. The theory of the body as materialized is meant to substitute the idea that we are beings with a non-constructed or given sex and a constructed gender. In my investigation I reach the conclusion that given and constructed provide no better ground for the sex/gender distinction than the fuzzy distinction between biological and social. I find that the theory of materialization constitutes a more nuanced and therefore more correct ontological understanding than a simple division between a given sex and a constructed gender. Even a complex concept of construction is problematic: it demands the problematic division into causal and intentional relations, a division the theory of the materialized body avoids. Instead it gets the problem to explain why the body doesn't seem to materialize in just any direction.
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| 9. |
- Dahlkild, Åsa, 1976-
(författare)
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Phylogenetic and ecological studies in lichenology : including studies of both mycobiont and photobiont
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis different aspects in lichens are investigated, namely, the phylogeny of mycobiont and photobiont, and ecology in the form of species richness of certain habitats of the Uppland province, Sweden.Analyses of ITS sequences of the lichenized fungi genus Roccella (Roccellaceae) provide an intrageneric topology of the genus with emphasis on the European, Mediterranean and Macaronesian species. One species, Roccella elisabethae Tehler, is described and a key to the Macaronesian and European species is provided. Sequences from five Roccella species are new. One significant result is that the Macaronesian species constitute a monophyletic group.Newly designed algal-specific primers were used to amplify the ribosomal ITS region from 25 photobiont specimens from five lichenized fungal species of the family Physciaceae (Lecanorales). Trebouxia impressa was present in all mycobionts except Anaptychia ciliaris, which instead was associated with Trebouxia arboricola. A phylogeny for the photobiont, T. impressa, was compared to a phylogeny of the corresponding mycobionts. The general similarity of the mycobiont and photobiont trees may indicate a coevolutionary history. The ribosomal SSU region and the rbcL gene were sequenced from total DNA extracts from thalli of 8 species of Siphula (Icmadophilaceae) and 6 species of Parasiphula (Coccotremataceae). All specimens were found to have Elliptochloris bilobata in a wider sense as photobiont, indicating independent accession of photobionts for the two mycobiont genera.The epiphytic lichen flora on Fraxinus exelcior and Acer platanoides in lanes and two types of wooded meadows were investigated in Uppland, Sweden. Altogether 129 lichen species were found, five of which are listed in the Swedish Red List of threatened species. The species richness was affected by substrate, habitat, and distance to dust source. Lanes had the highest species richness, and Fraxinus excelsior had higher species richness than Acer platanoides.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Forkstam, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Instruction effects in implicit artificial grammar learning: A preference for grammaticality
- 2008
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1221:24, s. 80-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human implicit learning can be investigated with implicit artificial grammar learning, a paradigm that has been proposed as a simple model for aspects of natural language acquisition. In the present study we compared the typical yes–no grammaticality classification, with yes–no preference classification. In the case of preference instruction no reference to the underlying generative mechanism (i.e., grammar) is needed and the subjects are therefore completely uninformed about an underlying structure in the acquisition material. In experiment 1, subjects engaged in a short-term memory task using only grammatical strings without performance feedback for 5 days. As a result of the 5 acquisition days, classification performance was independent of instruction type and both the preference and the grammaticality group acquired relevant knowledge of the underlying generative mechanism to a similar degree. Changing the grammatical stings to random strings in the acquisition material (experiment 2) resulted in classification being driven by local substring familiarity. Contrasting repeated vs. non-repeated preference classification (experiment 3) showed that the effect of local substring familiarity decreases with repeated classification. This was not the case for repeated grammaticality classifications. We conclude that classification performance is largely independent of instruction type and that forced-choice preference classification is equivalent to the typical grammaticality classification.
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| 12. |
- Hernandez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Globally disseminated human pathogenic Escherichia coli of O25b-ST131 clone, harbouring blaCTX-M-15, found in Glaucous-winged gull at remote Commander Islands, Russia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology Reports. - : Wiley. - 1758-2229. ; 2:2, s. 329-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With focus on environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance among clinically relevant bacteria, such as the rising ESBL type of resistance among Escherichia coli, we investigated antibiotic resistance levels in wild birds in the Commander Islands and Kamchatka, Russia. Despite overall low resistance levels in randomly selected E. coli (one from each sample), we found multi-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli harbouring bla(CTX-M-14) and bla(CTX-M-15) using selective screening. Among these multi-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli we found one bla(CTX-M-15) harbouring strain belonging to the O25b-ST131 clone, recognized for its clonal disseminated worldwide as a human pathogen. The potential in acquiring resistant bacteria of human origin, especially highly pathogenic clones, as well as downstream consequences of that, should not be underestimated but further investigated.
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| 13. |
- Ingvar, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Immunosuppressive treatment after solid organ transplantation and risk of post-transplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 25:8, s. 2764-2771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is found to be substantially increased after organ transplantation. The association with specific immunosuppressive regimens has been previously investigated, but results are not concordant. We aimed to clarify the relationship between separate immunosuppressive drugs, drug load, timing and risk of post-transplant CSCC. METHODS: A population-based nested case-control study was performed in the Swedish organ transplantation cohort (n = 5931). All patients who developed CSCC during the follow-up (1970-97) were eligible as cases (n = 207). Controls (n = 189) were randomly selected from the cohort and individually matched to the cases on follow-up time, age at and calendar period of transplantation. Exposure information was collected through extensive and standardized review of medical records. RESULTS: The median time to CSCC was 6.7 years. Post-transplant azathioprine (Aza) treatment considerably increased the risk of CSCC during all time periods analysed, and the risk augmented with increasing dose and duration. Patients who after the entire follow-up period had received a high accumulated dose of Aza had an 8.8-fold increased risk of CSCC in multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001), compared to patients never treated with Aza. Additionally, a high accumulated dose of corticosteroids during the same period conferred a 3.9-fold elevated risk of CSCC (P = 0.09), compared to the lowest accumulated dose of corticosteroids. Cyclosporine treatment was not associated with the risk of CSCC post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that Aza treatment, but not cyclosporine treatment, is strongly associated with post-transplant CSCC risk. The results suggest that the risk of CSCC after organ transplantation is not only an effect of the immunosuppressive load per se.
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| 14. |
- Ingvar, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Minimum labelling requirements for dermatology artificial intelligence-based Software as Medical Device (SaMD) : A consensus statement
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Ingår i: Australasian Journal of Dermatology. - 0004-8380.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds remarkable potential to improve care delivery in dermatology. End users (health professionals and general public) of AI-based Software as Medical Devices (SaMD) require relevant labelling information to ensure that these devices can be used appropriately. Currently, there are no clear minimum labelling requirements for dermatology AI-based SaMDs. Methods: Common labelling recommendations for AI-based SaMD identified in a recent literature review were evaluated by an Australian expert panel in digital health and dermatology via a modified Delphi consensus process. A nine-point Likert scale was used to indicate importance of 10 items, and voting was conducted to determine the specific characteristics to include for some items. Consensus was achieved when more than 75% of the experts agreed that inclusion of information was necessary. Results: There was robust consensus supporting inclusion of all proposed items as minimum labelling requirements; indication for use, intended user, training and test data sets, algorithm design, image processing techniques, clinical validation, performance metrics, limitations, updates and adverse events. Nearly all suggested characteristics of the labelling items received endorsement, except for some characteristics related to performance metrics. Moreover, there was consensus that uniform labelling criteria should apply across all AI categories and risk classes set out by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Conclusions: This study provides critical evidence for setting labelling standards by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to safeguard patients, health professionals, consumers, industry, and regulatory bodies from AI-based dermatology SaMDs that do not currently provide adequate information about how they were developed and tested.
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| 15. |
- Jerksjö, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Avgasmätningar på bussar i verklig drift för identifiering av högemitterare
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom ramen för ett forskningsprojekt samfinansierat av Västtrafik och Stiftelsen IVL har IVL under 2011 och 2012 genomfört avgasmätningar på ett hundratal bussar i Västsverige. Avgasmätningarna utfördes utomhus på gårdsplanerna hos de bussoperatörer där bussarna testats. Avgaserna mättes från varje buss när de vid upprepade tillfällen passerade mätutrustningen under fullgas¬acceleration. För att inte behöva ta hänsyn till utspädningen med luften mättes alla utsläpp relativt CO2 eftersom förhållandet till CO2 förblir konstant oberoende av utspädningen. Resultaten rapporteras som föroreningarnas massa per kilo förbrukat bränsle. I syfte att validera de vägkantsbaserade utsläppsmätningarna utfördes även inom projektet ombordmätningar på en buss (Euro V) med PEMS (Portable Emission Monitoring System). PEMS-mätningarna syftade även till att undersöka hur de uppmätta utsläppen under acceleration relaterar till utsläppen under körning i linjetrafik med en blandning av körning i stads- och landsbygdstrafik. Utifrån ombordmätningarna har för partiklar kunnat uppskattas gränsvärden på utsläpp under fullgasacceleration, vilka kan användas som indikation på att bussar vars utsläpp överskrider detta värde inte uppfyller de lagkrav de är certifierade mot. Bland annat till följd av den stora inverkan avgastemperaturen har på NOX-reningen hos Euro IV och Euro V bussar med SCR-katalysator, har motsvarande gränsvärden inte kunnat uppskattas för utsläpp av kväveoxider. Då bussar med olika drivmedel ingått i mätningarna har även drivmedlets inverkan på utsläppen kunnat studeras. Detta har dock främst varit möjligt för utsläpp av partiklar. När det gäller utsläpp av kväveoxider har det i de flesta fall inte gått att bedöma i vilken grad variationer i utsläpp berott på vilket bränsle som använts eller på otillräcklig reningsfunktion hos SCR-systemet till följd av för låg avgastemperatur. Om den vägkantsbaserade avgasmätmetoden ska kunna användas för att bedöma utsläpps-prestanda med avseende på kväveoxider i relation till gällande avgaskrav för bussar som är certifierade att klara Euro IV och Euro V kraven och som har SCR-katalysator, måste man försäkra sig om att avgastemperaturen vid mättillfället är tillräckligt hög för att SCR-systemet ska fungera optimalt. Detta är möjligt att uppnå om mätplatsen väljs så att mätningarna kan utföras i direkt anslutning till att bussen kommit från körning på landsväg eller motorväg.
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| 16. |
- Kappelin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and trends of basal cell carcinoma in Sweden : A population-based registry study
- 2022
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Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 186:6, s. 963-969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. Incidence is largely unknown because of incomplete, or lack of, registration in most countries.OBJECTIVES: To assess current incidence rates and recent trends for BCC in the Swedish population.METHODS: Patient- and tumour-related features of all histologically confirmed BCC tumours diagnosed in Sweden from 2004 to 2017 were extracted from the population-based Swedish BCC Registry. Incidence rates were standardized to the 2013 European Standard Population and trends were analysed using Poisson regression models.RESULTS: Age-standardized person-based incidence rate of BCC in Sweden in 2017 was 405/100 000, rising from 308/100 000 in 2004, corresponding to an annual relative increase of 1.8% (women, 2.1%; men, 1.4%). Incidence was highest in the elderly and the most common tumour site was the head and neck. In 2017, the most common BCC subtypes were nodular and micronodular/infiltrative BCC (each 31%). Incidence of aggressive BCC subtypes increased faster than other subtypes.CONCLUSIONS: BCC incidence rates in Sweden are relatively high and increasing. The increasing trends were more pronounced in women and for aggressive BCC subtypes.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Difference in Sun Exposure Habits Between Individuals with High and Low Risk of Skin Cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dermatology practical & conceptual. - : Mattioli1885. - 2160-9381. ; 11:4, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Skin cancer incidence is rapidly increasing. The main risk factor, sun exposure, can be modified. Informational campaigns can be effective in raising skin cancer awareness and target the high-risk population. Still, sun exposure habits in people at high risk of skin cancer are not well-known.Objective: To investigate if and how sun exposure habits differ between low-risk and high-risk individuals.Methods: During the Swedish Euromelanoma campaign of 2018, questionnaires were collected containing information regarding sun exposure habits and risk factors for skin cancer. Data on 4,141 participants was used to investigate the association between risk factors and sun exposure habits.Results: A fair skin type and a previous history of skin cancer were significantly associated with enhanced sun protective behavior. Family history of skin cancer, childhood sunburns and the presence of large/atypical nevi had no effect on sun exposure habits. Going on sunny holidays were particularly unaffected by being at high risk of skin cancer.Conclusion: Individuals at high risk of developing skin cancer showed suboptimal sun exposure habits and harmful traveling behaviors. We suggest that future skin cancer campaigns inform on accurate sun protection behavior during sunny holidays and associated risk factors. Risk factors such as childhood sunburns, numerous common and large/atypical nevi, as well as family history of skin cancer seem to be less recognized by the population.
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| 18. |
- Lankinen, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Fokusprojekt Lågriskmedel i växtskyddet
- 2019
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fokusgruppens syfte har varit att definiera kunskapsluckor avseende den praktiska användningen och implementeringen av alternativa medel med låg risk för bekämpning av skadegörare och sjukdomar inom jordbruk, trädgårdsodling och skogsbruk. Vi har utgått från en bred definition av medel med låg risk, som har omfattat både allmänkemikalier och växtskyddsmedel med låg risk (enligt gällande EU-lagstiftning). Trots att det idag finns ett ökat behov av alternativa verktyg inom växtskyddet och politiska mål om minimerad användning av kemiska medel, så är användningen av alternativa bekämpningsmedel i fältodlade grödor mycket begränsad. • En viktig faktor som styr och begränsar tillgängligheten av alternativa medel är EU-lagstiftningen för godkännande av dessa medel. För att kunna registrera ett medel behövs en investering från det företag som ansöker om godkännande, vilket kan vara en anledning till att medel inte blir tillgängliga på marknaden. En annan lagteknisk begränsning är ogynnsamma skatteregler för dessa medel. • Från ett användarperspektiv är bristande kunskap om hur effektiva dessa medel är, hur man bäst applicerar dem samt hur de kan integreras i befintliga växtskyddsstrategier en bidragande orsak till att de inte används fullt ut. • Rådgivningen pekar också på en otydlighet om vilka medel som får användas speciellt i ekologisk produktion och att användningen missgynnas av höga priser i kombination med en osäkerhet om hur effektiva dessa medel är. • I Jordbruksverkets rapport ”Hinder för ökad användning av alternativa bekämpningsmedel” (SJV, Rapport 2019:3), som medlemmar av fokusgruppen har varit med att skriva, är ett av förslagen en utökad rådgivningsverksamhet. Detta eftersom informationsinsatser och aktiv rådgivning kan påverka hur snabbt odlare accepterar och börjar använda ett växtskyddsmedel, speciellt om det har nya egenskaper (och en ny verkningsmekanism). Forskning visar att en ny åtgärd/metod inte bara ska Sammanfattning och slutsatser 5 passa in i befintliga verksamheter utan också passa med attityd och värderingar hos användaren. • Från ett forskningsperspektiv kan vi se ett klart behov av tillämpningsnära forskning framför allt för att få en ökad kunskap om hur alternativa bekämpningsmedel kan integreras i befintliga växtskyddsstrategier. En utmaning är den begränsade mängd forskningsmedel som finns att söka för denna typ av forskning. • Forskningen är ofta väldigt uppdelad mellan agrikultur, hortikultur och skogsbruk. Här skulle man kunna dra nytta av kunskap inom respektive system eftersom vissa aspekter är generella mellan olika system, åtminstone för vissa grödor/träd. • Från ett internationellt perspektiv kan vi se vinster med ett bättre samarbete med närliggande länder, tex Plant Biologicals Network (PBN) som koordineras från Danmark, men även engagemang inom det vidare EUperspektivet (bla lagar). • Ytterligare en slutsats från fokusgruppens arbete är att växtskyddsforskningen på SLU behöver samordnas bättre, tex genom att knyta samman de kompetenscentrum som finns idag – CBC och CKB – med nya strukturer som skulle kunna fokusera på i) analys av växtskadegörare och ii) lågrisk-metoder och hur dessa kan spela en roll i integrerat växtskydd (IPM). • ygarbeta tillsammans för att få till en bra samverkan och kunskapsutbyte.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nätterdahl, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factors for Complicated Mohs Surgery in the South Sweden Mohs Cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 1468-3083 .- 0926-9959. ; 36:7, s. 1113-1117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a precise, tissue-sparing surgical technique that offers superior cure rates compared to traditional surgical excision. However, the degree of difficulty of MMS depends on many variables, and consequently, the number of surgical stages required for each case is quite unpredictable.Objectives: To identify risk factors for complicated MMS, defined as MMS requiring ≥3 stages.Methods: In a cohort study design, data were prospectively collected from 612 patients that underwent MMS for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) at the Department of Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, between 2009 and 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the risk of MMS requiring ≥3 stages. Due to the risk of multicollinearity between recurrent or incompletely excised BCC and previous treatments, a partially and a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model were constructed.Results: In fully adjusted multivariate analyses, age (odds ratio (OR) 1.02; confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.00-1.04), previous cryotherapy (OR 2.3; CI 95% 1.1-4.8), and >1 previous surgery (OR 3.4; CI 95% 1.5-7.7) were significantly associated with risk of complicated MMS. Recurrent BCC was associated with the risk of complicated MMS in partially adjusted multivariate analyses, but not in the fully adjusted analyses. In this highly selected cohort, histopathological subtype, and tumour localization were not associated with the risk of complicated MMS.Conclusions: Older age and tumours previously treated with cryotherapy or multiple prior surgeries increased the risk of MMS requiring ≥3 stages. Whether recurrent BCC is an independent risk factor for complicated MMS needs further evaluation. Knowledge of these risk factors may ameliorate the planning of Mohs surgeries.
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| 21. |
- Oloruntoba, Ayooluwatomiwa, et al.
(författare)
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Examining labelling guidelines for AI-based software as a medical device : A review and analysis of dermatology mobile applications in Australia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Australasian Journal of Dermatology. - 0004-8380.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a surge in the development of AI-based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD), particularly in visual specialties such as dermatology. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) regulates AI-based SaMD to ensure its safe use. Proper labelling of these devices is crucial to ensure that healthcare professionals and the general public understand how to use them and interpret results accurately. However, guidelines for labelling AI-based SaMD in dermatology are lacking, which may result in products failing to provide essential information about algorithm development and performance metrics. This review examines existing labelling guidelines for AI-based SaMD across visual medical specialties, with a specific focus on dermatology. Common recommendations for labelling are identified and applied to currently available dermatology AI-based SaMD mobile applications to determine usage of these labels. Of the 21 AI-based SaMD mobile applications identified, none fully comply with common labelling recommendations. Results highlight the need for standardized labelling guidelines. Ensuring transparency and accessibility of information is essential for the safe integration of AI into health care and preventing potential risks associated with inaccurate clinical decisions.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Sand, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Spinal cord injured persons' conceptions of hospital care, rehabilitation, and a new life situation.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. - 1103-8128. ; 13:3, s. 183-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The basic aim of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation is to help patients return to a life worth living. It is therefore important that the staff at spinal units and rehabilitation centres understand how the patients experience their rehabilitation and their adjustment process to the new situation. AIM: To describe SCI persons' experiences of their rehabilitation process. METHOD: Nineteen SCI persons were interviewed. Data from the tape-recorded interviews were analysed according to a modified descriptive version of the phenomenographic analysis process. RESULTS: Six categories that describe the informants' conceptions of their rehabilitation process emerged: access to information, participation in planning rehabilitation, emotional support, feelings of vulnerability, adjustment to a new life situation, and emotional consequences of the injury. CONCLUSION: Straightforward information, participation in the planning of the rehabilitation programme and emotional support were important factors influencing the rehabilitation process after the SCI. Professionals working with SCI rehabilitation should make use of patients' experiences in order to develop better rehabilitation programmes that focus on the individual needs of the patient. People are individuals and failure to take this into account can impact negatively on quality of life and the effectiveness of the rehabilitation.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Steger, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Development of compost maturity and Actinobacteria populations during full-scale composting of organic household waste
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 103:2, s. 487-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This study investigates changes in microbiological and physicochemical parameters during large-scale, thermophilic composting of a single batch of municipal organic waste. The inter-relationships between the microbial biomass and community structure as well as several physicochemical parameters and estimates of maturation were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Analyses of signature fatty acids with the phospholipid fatty acid and ester-linked methods showed that the total microbial biomass was highest during the early thermophilic phase. The contribution of signature 10Me fatty acids from Actinobacteria indicated a relatively constant proportion around 10% of the microbial community. However, analyses of the Actinobacteria species composition with a PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis approach targeting 16S rRNA genes demonstrated clear shifts in the community structure. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that compost quality, particularly maturity, is linked to the composition of the microbial community structure, but further studies in other full-scale systems are needed to validate the generality of these findings. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The combination of signature lipid and nucleic acid-based analyses greatly expands the specificity and the scope for assessing the microbial community composition in composts. The results presented in this study give new information on how the development of the compost microbial community is connected to curing and maturation in the later stages of composting, and emphasizes the role of Actinobacteria in this respect.
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| 26. |
- Steger, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of differing temperature management on development of Actinobacteria populations during composting
- 2007
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Ingår i: Research in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-2508 .- 1769-7123. ; 158:7, s. 617-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Actinobacteria are believed to play a major role in organic matter degradation and humification processes in composts. In this study, the effects of different temperature regimes on the succession of Actinobacteria populations during composting were investigated in a laboratory reactor. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) was used to investigate quantitative changes in the overall microbial biomass and community structure, and in the size of Actinobacteria populations. Qualitative changes were determined using PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes with Actinobacteria-specific primers. The peak in total microbial biomass was roughly twice as high and delayed in trials where the maximum temperature was 40 °C, compared to those where it was 55 or 67 °C. There was a shift from members of Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus and Streptomyces at the onset to species of thermotolerant Actinobacteria in the cooling phase, e.g. Saccharomonospora viridis, Thermobifida fusca and Thermobispora bispora. In conclusion, temperature was an important selective factor for the development of Actinobacteria populations in composts, and they constituted a substantial part of the community in the later compost stages.
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| 27. |
- Svanberg, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Ant schnapps for health and pleasure : the use of Formica rufa L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to flavour aquavit
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. - : BMC. - 1746-4269. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between humans and insects goes long back and is important. Insects provide a multitude of ecosystem services for humans, e g. by pollinating crops and decomposing matter. Our current knowledge about the cultural ecosystem services that insects provide is limited and not much examined.Method: Scattered ethnographical descriptions and folklore records from pre-modern Sweden and other Scandinavian countries give us insights into local knowledge and use of insects among the peasantry in various parts of the country. These data have been analysed and critically reviewed. Source pluralism has been used as a method.Results: The mound-building red wood ant, Formica rufa L., is one of the species that were used in Sweden for their healing properties. It was a widespread belief that the formic acid could be used to cure various diseases, especially gout and rheumatism. Both anthills and the ants themselves were used for that purpose. It was also common to flavour distilled liquor (brannvin) with ants; a remedy used for medicinal purposes. However, already in the eighteenth century, this was also used as schnapps. The cultural services provided by this species stretches throughout history and still exists today.Conclusion: While the use of ants in medicine has vanished, the custom of making homemade ant flavoured alcoholic beverage survives in Sweden. Nowadays it is a hobby among people who flavour their own aquavit. It is appreciated as a tasty and interesting drink.
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| 28. |
- Svanberg, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Bumblebee Honey in the Nordic Countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ethnobiology Letters. - : Society of Ethnobiology. - 2159-8126. ; 9:2, s. 312-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in historical ethnobiology can provide information about little known and seemingly insignificant practices in the past. The utilization of insect products as a foodstuff is a rare custom in Europe and data on this practice are scarce. From Nordic countries, we have information about producing ant schnapps with the help of the red wood ant, Formica rufa L., which has been used both as a remedy and as a drink. Honey and beeswax were once gathered in the forests from wild honey bee colonies, but have been replaced with products from the domestic honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Another product, once a well-known and appreciated sweet, especially among children, was nectar gathered from bumblebee nests. Collecting the nectar from bumblebee nests is an activity that has been practiced within living memory in many parts of the Nordic countries. This seems to be an ancient practice dating back at least a millennium that has survived until recently. It is an example of how methods and sources established within historical ethnobiology can be used to gain knowledge on the past as well as possible future uses of available biological resources.
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| 29. |
- Svanberg, Ingvar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Insects as past and future food in entomophobic Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Food, Culture, and Society. - : Routledge. - 1552-8014 .- 1751-7443. ; 24:5, s. 624-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insects as food show a large variation in traditional use over the world. This high variation between countries in combination with current ideas of insects as part of a solution to feed a growing global population raises interesting questions. The aim of this paper is to investigate what has been perceived as food historically and how this changes over time with focus on insects. Insects and their products have been used for food and medicine within and outside Europe for as long as we have records. They have not been a staple food but a rare addition to the diet. The frequency of use in Europe, even in times of food crisis, points to reluctance towards this food source. Based on behavioral history and perception of insects as food we suggest the terms entomophobic (insect despising) and entomophilic (insect loving) to describe the eating behavior of societies. If societies are to change their food consumption patterns, new food habits and traditions needs to be created. Altering a predominantly entomophobic society to an entomophilic, changes are needed to take place and many are linked to consumption tradition. Change is likely; history teaches us that aversion to ingredients is possible to overcome.
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| 30. |
- Svanberg, Ingvar & Nilsson, Åsa
(författare)
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Religiös slakt
- 1997
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Ingår i: Religionsfrihet i Sverige: Om möjligheten att leva som troende. - : Studentlitteratur, Lund. ; , s. 70-96
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I kapitlet redogör författarna för den teologiska, politiska och juridiska bakgrunden till diskussionen huruvida religiöst motiverade slaktmetoder ska tillåtas eller inte. Särskilt framhålls den nu gällande lagstiftningens kopplingar till antisemtiska str
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