| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Zaman, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of Nanoprecipitation Technique to Develop Poloxamer-407 Facilitated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Controlled Delivery of Tacrolimus
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Polymer Science. - : HINDAWI LTD. - 1687-9422 .- 1687-9430. ; 2023
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are utilized as a novel approach for the controlled drug delivery system (CDDS). Tacrolimus (TCM), a lipophilic drug, can easily be encapsulated in the hydrophobic core of these SLNs using nanoprecipitation technique. The current aim was to develop the controlled release Poloxamer (PLX) facilitated TCM loaded SLNs (PLX/TCM-SLNs), followed by their physicochemical evaluations, including chemical compatibility, particle size, surface charge, surface morphology, nature of SLNs, loading efficiency (LE), entrapment efficiency (EE), in vitro drug release studies, release kinetic modeling, and statistical evaluation. Here we also evaluate physicochemical properties of TCM and investigate solubility profile for improvement and dissolution rate of PLX/TCM-SLNs. PLX was used in the process as a polymer due to its low toxicity and weak immunogenic properties. The prepared formulation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the compatibility of the selected ingredients, whereas particle size analysis showed that prepared PLX/TCM-SLNs were of nanosized (120:6 +/- 9nm) having zeta potential of - 21.3 Mv. On the other hand, SEM had revealed the smooth and uniform surface of the particle, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the uniform surface as crystalline structure of TCM in PLX/TCM-SLNs masked. A satisfactory level of EE (94:5 +/- 2:74%) has also been noticed. Furthermore, in vitro drug release studies have explored the controlled release of drug during 8 hours, following zero order release kinetics and diffusion type of release mechanism. Outcomes of the studies have advocated the successful preparation of SLNs, as controlled release PLX/TCM-SLNs have been prepared efficiently.
|
|
| 3. |
- Amin, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Life cycle assessment of iron-biomass supported catalyst for Fischer Tropsch synthesis
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2646. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The iron-based biomass-supported catalyst has been used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). However, there is no study regarding the life cycle assessment (LCA) of biomass-supported iron catalysts published in the literature. This study discusses a biomass-supported iron catalyst’s LCA for the conversion of syngas into a liquid fuel product. The waste biomass is one of the source of activated carbon (AC), and it has been used as a support for the catalyst. The FTS reactions are carried out in the fixed-bed reactor at low or high temperatures. The use of promoters in the preparation of catalysts usually enhances C5+ production. In this study, the collection of precise data from on-site laboratory conditions is of utmost importance to ensure the credibility and validity of the study’s outcomes. The environmental impact assessment modeling was carried out using the OpenLCA 1.10.3 software. The LCA results reveals that the synthesis process of iron-based biomass supported catalyst yields a total impact score in terms of global warming potential (GWP) of 1.235E + 01 kg CO2 equivalent. Within this process, the AC stage contributes 52% to the overall GWP, while the preparation stage for the catalyst precursor contributes 48%. The comprehensive evaluation of the iron-based biomass supported catalyst’s impact score in terms of human toxicity reveals a total score of 1.98E−02 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DB) equivalent.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Cole, John W, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetics of the thrombomodulin-endothelial cell protein C receptor system and the risk of early-onset ischemic stroke.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymorphisms in coagulation genes have been associated with early-onset ischemic stroke. Here we pursue an a priori hypothesis that genetic variation in the endothelial-based receptors of the thrombomodulin-protein C system (THBD and PROCR) may similarly be associated with early-onset ischemic stroke. We explored this hypothesis utilizing a multi-stage design of discovery and replication.Discovery was performed in the Genetics-of-Early-Onset Stroke (GEOS) Study, a biracial population-based case-control study of ischemic stroke among men and women aged 15-49 including 829 cases of first ischemic stroke (42.2% African-American) and 850 age-comparable stroke-free controls (38.1% African-American). Twenty-four single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) in THBD and 22 SNPs in PROCR were evaluated. Following LD pruning (r2≥0.8), we advanced uncorrelated SNPs forward for association analyses. Associated SNPs were evaluated for replication in an early-onset ischemic stroke population (onset-age<60 years) consisting of 3676 cases and 21118 non-stroke controls from 6 case-control studies. Lastly, we determined if the replicated SNPs also associated with older-onset ischemic stroke in the METASTROKE data-base.Among GEOS Caucasians, PROCR rs9574, which was in strong LD with 8 other SNPs, and one additional independent SNP rs2069951, were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (rs9574, OR = 1.33, p = 0.003; rs2069951, OR = 1.80, p = 0.006) using an additive-model adjusting for age, gender and population-structure. Adjusting for risk factors did not change the associations; however, associations were strengthened among those without risk factors. PROCR rs9574 also associated with early-onset ischemic stroke in the replication sample (OR = 1.08, p = 0.015), but not older-onset stroke. There were no PROCR associations in African-Americans, nor were there any THBD associations in either ethnicity.PROCR polymorphisms are associated with early-onset ischemic stroke in Caucasians.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dogar, Attiq Ur Rahman, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental investigations on inelastic behaviour and modified Gerber joint for double-span steel trapezoidal sheeting
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier. - 2352-0124. ; 24, s. 514-525
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold-formed steel trapezoidal profiles provide efficient solutions for roofing and often use the Gerber joint to effectively utilize capacities. The previous design of Gerber joint was sensitive to uneven distribution of loads and accidental loads, which imposed bending moments in the joint and lead to its failure. In this experimental program, the design of Gerber joint has been modified to work as a hinge under service loads and carry moments in accidental conditions. Also, the design of CFS is based on elastic methods that underestimate their capacity, especially for multi-span systems. Full-scale tests were conducted on highly stiffened double-span trapezoidal sheeting profiles with modified Gerber joint to investigate elastic capacity, inelastic behaviour, moment redistribution in the post-elastic phase, ultimate load capacity and feasibility of modified Gerber joint. Comparison of elastic load capacity with EWM and DSM predictions revealed that EWM design predictions were conservative by 30% while DSM predictions were accurate. For multi-span application, residual moment capacity ratios of 0.76 and 0.81 in the post-elastic phase allowed for moment redistribution and increased ultimate load capacity by 7.14% and 8.80% for 0.85 mm and 1 mm thick profiles respectively. Performance of modified Gerber joint to behave as a hinge under service loads and as continuous in the post-elastic phase was also found to be satisfactory. The study concluded that the economy in design and capacity utilization of multi-span CFS profiles can be improved by allowing for moment redistribution and using the modified Gerber joint.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Iqbal, Naveed
(författare)
-
Analysis of Catenary Effect in Steel Beams and Trusses Exposed to Fire
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goals of structural design are fundamentally different when designing structures at normal temperature or when designing them in a fire situation. While structures are primarily designed for normal temperature situations considering the different design limit states, in the fire design situation, however, the already designed structure is assessed for its resistance in the fire design limit state. The assessment of the structure in the fire limit state may lead to either active or passive fire protection measures. The assessment of the structure in fire may be done in several different domains such as its structural resistance, integrity of structural components to prevent spread of fire and insulation properties of materials. The focus of the thesis presented here is on the structural resistance of steel structural members particularly steel beams and trusses in fire situations.The Eurocodes permit designers to use either a simple prescriptive design procedure or a more complex performance based procedure for design of structures in fire. The prescriptive design is a simple choice regarding design of steel structures in fire due to their use of simple analytical equations; but through several studies it has been established that this approach might be conservative and in some situations it might not reflect the complexity of interaction between the heated structural members and its surrounding colder parts of the structure. The performance based approach has therefore been increasingly adopted in structural fire design, which, although more complex than the prescriptive approach, is closer to the real structural behaviour.Through a performance based approach, this thesis aims to establish that steel structural members are able to offer structural resistance in fire situations that are much higher than would be expected from a prescriptive approach. Two different types of structural members such as steel beams in multi-storey buildings and trusses in single storey buildings were considered here. It has been shown through extensive finite element analysis in both cases that actual resistance of these structural members in fire situations can exceed their primary resistance mechanism through flexure. Alternative load transfer mechanism through catenary action offers the added resistance at much higher temperatures than the conventional critical temperatures from prescriptive design. The thesis also proposes simplified calculation procedures that can be used to reasonably predict the structural resistance at elevated temperatures considering the catenary action.
|
|
| 11. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
-
Axial Force And Deformation Of A Restrained Steel Beam In Fire : Description and validation of a simplified analytical procedure
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Advanced steel construction. - 1816-112X. ; 12:2, s. 174-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural fire design is exceedingly adopting the performance based approach. There are evidentadvantages of this approach compared to the prescriptive methods from codes. An analytical procedure, based on thereal performance, must accurately predict the beam behaviour in fire. The study presented here proposes one suchsimplified analytical procedure aim to predict the real behaviour of a restrained steel beam. The proposed analyticalprocedure is validated through FE Analysis using FE models validated through test results. The study also attempts toestablish the importance of using semi-rigid connection strength with respect to accurately predicting the behaviorof the restrained beam at catenary stage.
|
|
| 12. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
-
Axial force and deformation of a restrained steel beam in fire: Description and validation of a simplified analytical procedure
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Advanced steel construction. - : Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction. - 1816-112X. ; 12:2, s. 174-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural fire design is exceedingly adopting the performance based approach. There are evident advantages of this approach compared to the prescriptive methods from codes. An analytical procedure, based on the real performance, must accurately predict the beam behaviour in fire. The study presented here proposes one such simplified analytical procedure aim to predict the real behaviour of a restrained steel beam. The proposed analytical procedure is validated through FE Analysis using FE models validated through test results. The study also attempts to establish the importance of using semi-rigid connection strength with respect to accurately predicting the behaviour of the restrained beam at catenary stage.
|
|
| 13. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
-
Catenary action in single storey industrial halls subjected to localized fires
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mechanics and Materials in Design (M2D). - Porto : INEGI-FEUP. - 9789899883277 ; , s. 1627-1628
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the results from extensive finite element study of single storey industrial halls subjected to the action of localized fires. The results show offer structural resistance in fire situations that are much higher than would be expected from a prescriptive approach. It has been shown that actual resistance of these structural members in fire situations can exceed their primary resistance mechanism through flexural action only. Alternative load transfer mechanism through catenary action offers the added resistance at much higher temperatures than the conventional critical temperatures from prescriptive design. The paper also presents simplified calculation procedures that can be used to reasonably predict the structural resistance at elevated temperatures considering the catenary action
|
|
| 14. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
-
Inflation adjusted LCCA of a comparative study of an Integral abutment bridge and a Concrete bridge with expansion joints
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Sustainable construction - a life cycle approach in engineering. - 9789993209171 ; , s. 151-161
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gervasio H. et al [1]in there comparative life cycle analysis of an integral abutment composite bridge and concrete bridge have established the advantages of integral bridge due to its limited initial construction cost and maintenance and repair costs during its life cycle. This paper is based on the same data with a modification to the life cycle cost analysis of the bridge by using an inflation adjusted discount rate. In standard bridge structures, expansion joints are one of the most expensive components to maintain. In this regard, joint less bridge have major advantages. Integral bridges are built without joints, they span from one abutment to the other abutment, possibly over intermediate piers, without any joints in the deck. The absence of joints and bearings results in savings in initial costs and reduce maintenance efforts. Apart from economic benefits, the reduction of maintenance leads to less disturbance of the traffic over the bridge and thus to smaller environmental and social impacts. In this paper a case study is presented with the purpose of making a comparative life cycle analysis between an integral composite bridge and a concrete bridge with expansion joints. The result of this life cycle analysis will enhance the advantages of the former solution in regards to the economic and environmental aspects.
|
|
| 15. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical Investigation of the Behaviour of Steel Beams in Steel-Concrete Composite Frames
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete VII. - New York : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784479735 ; , s. 199-213
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methods proposed by the design codes for single member design in fire situation assume that these members are isolated in their response. The real response of structural members such as beams is, however, more complex due to thermal expansion and the presence of restraints against this expansion by the surrounding structure. It is therefore imperative to study the response of structure at high temperature in a way which includes its interaction with its surroundings such as in a full-scale fire test and in numerical analysis. This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of steel beams, with a concrete slab and connected to concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns through reverse channel connections. The finite element software ABAQUS has been used in this study. The aim of the investigation is to study the behaviour of the composite steel-concrete beam exposed to increasing temperature in fire.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical Study of Steel Beams in Sub-frame Assembly Validation of Existing Hand Calculation Procedures
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Fire Engineering. - : Emerald. - 2040-2317 .- 2040-2325. ; 6:2, s. 123-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design methods currently proposed by the codes prescribe the strength assessment of structures to be based on their strength limit state. These design methods can be applied to isolated steel members to determine their design strengthin fire. The real response of a structural member is, however, more complex due to the thermal expansion and the presence of restraints against this expansion by the surrounding structure. It is therefore imperative to study the response of a structural member at high temperature in a way which includes its interaction with its surroundings. This paper focus on the numerical investigation of steel beams in structural frames connected to concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns through reverse channel connections and comparison to hand calculation procedures. Finite element models (FEM) of the sub-frames were validated against fire tests conducted on sub-frames and then their results were compared to the proposed simplified hand calculation procedures (HCM).
|
|
| 18. |
- Iqbal, Naveed
(författare)
-
Restrained behaviour of beams in steel frames exposed to fire
- 2013
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current design procedures prescribed by the codes for design of steel beams at elevated temperatures require that the ultimate flexural resistance of the beam should be checked against the applied loading. This approach does not take into account the redistribution of bending moment due to fire exposure that takes place in a redundant frame. The axial and rotational restraints at the beam to column connections in such a frame play an important role as to how the beam behaves in restrained conditions when exposed to fire. This is particularly important at relatively high temperatures when the beam has undergone significant deflections and as the catenary action in the beam gradually takes over as the resisting mechanism beyond the limiting temperature prescribed by the codes.Simplified design procedures that satisfactorily describe the restrained beam behaviour should be used to avoid the high cost and complexity of finite element analysis and fire tests. A proposed simplified design procedure has been used to analyse axially and rotationally restrained beams in sub-frames in this study and the results are compared to the results from their finite element models. The finite element models of the sub-frames were validated against fire tests conducted on sub-frames. The proposed method was shown to have satisfactorily predicted the restrained beam behaviour under different load levels and temperature distributions.The validated finite element models were also used to investigate the effect of changing different parameters of the sub-frame, such as temperature distribution, boundary conditions and fire protection on the connection region. The distribution of strains in the connection components were shown to have been significantly affected by changing these parameters.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Lopes, Fernanda, et al.
(författare)
-
Sub-frames with reverse channel connections to cft composite columns –experimental evaluation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Advanced steel construction. - : Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction. - 1816-112X. ; 11:1, s. 111-126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the experimental results of the investigation on the coupled joint-structure behaviour of the composite sub-frame, using the reverse channel connections between an I-beam and the concrete filled tube (CFT) columns. This experimental programme includes seven full-scale tests: three tests at ambient temperature and four tests under heating-cooling curves. The parametric study was dedicated to: temperature-time curve and channel wall thickness (8, 10 and 12 mm). The main objective of these tests is to provide experimental information on the behaviour of the reverse channel joints and its influence on the structure under a heating-cooling fire. The restraining effects from the unaffected part of surrounding structure induce highly variable loading histories on the joints during fire; therefore the investigation on coupled joint-structure behaviour should lead to a realistic prediction of progressive collapse of the structure.
|
|
| 21. |
- Malik, Naveed-ur-Rehman, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic and Steady-State 3-D Thermal Design and Investigation of the Rotating Power Electronic IGBT Converter
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2168-6777 .- 2168-6785. ; 4:2, s. 679-688
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with a 3-D development of a thermal model of a power electronic converter mounted on the generator shaft and rotating with it. The dimensions of the heat sink are determined, and the temperature gradients of the converter, its heat sink, and shaft during natural and forced convection are analyzed for variable rotor speeds. It is shown that the chosen sizes of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and the heat sink offer a compact design of the rotating converter, which is sufficient for its mounting in limited space offered by the generator shaft. Furthermore, a transient temperature profile is also presented. In addition, a transient thermal profile of the converter and dimensions of the cooling fan are also calculated. Besides, the analysis of the cooling requirements of the converter during over-currents due to grid faults is also investigated.
|
|
| 22. |
- Malik, Naveed ur Rehman, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic and Steady-State 3-D Thermal Design and Investigation of the Rotating Power Electronic IGBT Converter
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper deals with a 3-dimensional developmentof a thermal model of a power electronic converter mountedon the generator shaft and rotating with it. The dimensions ofthe heat sink are determined and the temperature gradients ofthe converter, its heat sink, and shaft during natural and forcedconvection are analyzed for variable rotor speeds. It is shown thatthe chosen sizes of the IGBT and heat sink offers compact designof the rotating converter, which is sufficient for its mounting inthe limited space, offered by the generator shaft. Furthermore,transient temperature profile is also presented. Additionally,transient thermal profile of the converter and dimensions of thecooling fan are also calculated. Besides analysis of the coolingrequirements of the converter during over-currents due to gridfaults is also investigated.
|
|
| 23. |
- Malik, Naveed ur Rehman, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Transient and Steady-State 3-D Electro-Thermal Design and Analysis of the Rotating Power Electronic IGBT Converter
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE InternationalElectric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC), 10-13 May 2015.. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with a 3-dimensional developmentof a thermal model of a power electronic converter mountedon the generator shaft and rotating with it. The dimensions ofthe heat sink are determined and the temperature gradients ofthe converter, its heat sink, and shaft during natural and forcedconvection are analyzed for variable rotor speeds. It is shown thatthe chosen sizes of the IGBT and heat sink offers compact designof the rotating converter, which is sufficient for its mounting inthe limited space, offered by the generator shaft. Furthermore,transient temperature profile is also presented.
|
|
| 24. |
- Raykova, Doroteya, et al.
(författare)
-
Autosomal Recessive Transmission of a Rare KRT74 Variant Causes Hair and Nail Ectodermal Dysplasia : Allelism with Dominant Woolly Hair/Hypotrichosis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:4, s. e93607-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia (PHNED) comprises a heterogeneous group of rare heritable disorders characterized by brittle hair, hypotrichosis, onychodystrophy and micronychia. Autosomal recessive (AR) PHNED has previously been associated with mutations in either KRT85 or HOXC13 on chromosome 12p11.1-q14.3. We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with AR PHNED linked to the keratin gene cluster on 12p11.1 but without detectable mutations in KRT85 and HOXC13. Whole exome sequencing of affected individuals revealed homozygosity for a rare c.821T> C variant (p.Phe274Ser) in the KRT74 gene that segregates AR PHNED in the family. The transition alters the highly conserved Phe274 residue in the coil 1B domain required for long-range dimerization of keratins, suggesting that the mutation compromises the stability of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses confirmed a strong keratin-74 expression in the nail matrix, the nail bed and the hyponychium of mouse distal digits, as well as in normal human hair follicles. Furthermore, hair follicles and epidermis of an affected family member stained negative for Keratin-74 suggesting a loss of function mechanism mediated by the Phe274Ser substitution. Our observations show for the first time that homozygosity for a KRT74 missense variant may be associated with AR PHNED. Heterozygous KRT74 mutations have previously been associated with autosomal dominant woolly hair/ hypotrichosis simplex (ADWH). Thus, our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with KRT74 mutations and imply that a subtype of AR PHNED is allelic with ADWH.
|
|
| 25. |
- Rossi, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
-
Life Cycle Impacts Assessment of Steel, Composite, Concrete and Wooden Columns
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the final conference in Innsbruck. - Malta : University of Malta. ; , s. 277-284
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a comparative study showing the environmental profile of structural members used in the construction domain. The functional unit is a column that is realistic in terms of dimensions and load bearing capacity, made of steel or high strength steel sections, steel and concrete (composite), reinforced concrete, solid wood and glue-laminated wood. The design of the columns is made following the Eurocodes. Several environmental impacts are assessed, such as the global warming potential and energy consumption while also focusing on the acidification potential. The results are presented in the forms of bar charts for each considered column. For steel and concrete, depending on the source of information, the inventory can vary substantially e.g. the CO and CH4 emissions. Several sources of information are provided and used to perform a brief sensitivity analysis. The influence of the recycling of steel taking into account the IISI methodology will also be discussed.
|
|
| 26. |
- Saadi, Saadia Maryam, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic Investigation of Consanguineous Pakistani Families Segregating Rare Spinocerebellar Disorders
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 14:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar disorders are a vast group of rare neurogenetic conditions, generally characterized by overlapping clinical symptoms including progressive cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, cognitive deficiencies, skeletal/muscular and ocular abnormalities. The objective of the present study is to identify the underlying genetic causes of the rare spinocerebellar disorders in the Pakistani population. Herein, nine consanguineous families presenting different spinocerebellar phenotypes have been investigated using whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed for segregation analysis in all the available individuals of each family. The molecular analysis of these families identified six novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants; ZFYVE26: c.1093del, SACS: c.1201C>T, BICD2: c.2156A>T, ALS2: c.2171-3T>G, ALS2: c.3145T>A, and B4GALNT1: c.334_335dup, and three already reported pathogenic variants; FA2H: c.159_176del, APTX: c.689T>G, and SETX: c.5308_5311del. The clinical features of all patients in each family are concurrent with the already reported cases. Hence, the current study expands the mutation spectrum of rare spinocerebellar disorders and implies the usefulness of next-generation sequencing in combination with clinical investigation for better diagnosis of these overlapping phenotypes.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Zaman, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Fabrication of PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Tenofovir Alafenamide : Synthesis and Characterization
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 27:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is an antiretroviral (ARV) drug that is used for the management and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The clinical availability of ARV delivery systems that provide long-lasting protection against HIV transmission is lacking. There is a dire need to formulate nanocarrier systems that can help in revolutionizing the way to fight against HIV/AIDS. Here, we aimed to synthesize a polymer using chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) by the PEGylation of chitosan at the hydroxyl group. After successful modification and confirmation by FTIR, XRD, and SEM, TAF-loaded PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and analyzed for their particle size, zeta potential, morphology, crystallinity, chemical interactions, entrapment efficacy, drug loading, in vitro drug release, and release kinetic modeling. The fabricated nanoparticles were found to be in a nanosized range (219.6 nm), with similar to 90% entrapment efficacy, similar to 14% drug loading, and a spherical uniform distribution. The FTIR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of PEGylated chitosan and nanoparticles. The in vitro analysis showed similar to 60% of the drug was released from the PEGylated polymeric reservoir system within 48 h at pH 7.4. The drug release kinetics were depicted by the Korsmeyer-Peppas release model with thermodynamically nonspontaneous drug release. Conclusively, PEGylated chitosan has the potential to deliver TAF from a nanocarrier system, and in the future, cytotoxicity and in vivo studies can be performed to further authenticate the synthesized polymer.
|
|
