| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, L., et al.
(författare)
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Behöver arbetslinjen inte forskning?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet Brännpunkt (debattinlägg). ; :2007-11-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Alm, Anita, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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BMI status in Swedish children and young adults in relation to caries prevalence.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 35:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overweight and obesity are increasing as health problems at global level. Dental caries and obesity are both multifactorial diseases and are associated with dietary habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body weight status and caries prevalence in an unselected population followed from pre-school years to young adulthood. The present investigation was designed as a longitudinal analysis of the association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in one population at 3, 6, 15 and 20 years of age. The result shows that adolescents (15 years) and young adults (20 years) who are overweight/obese had a statistically significantly higher caries prevalence than normal-weight young people. At 6 years of age, the odds (OR) of having caries among obese children are 2.5 times higher than the odds for caries among six-year-old children of normal weight (p = 0.04). At 3 years of age, no association between overweight/obesity and caries was found. To conclude, overweight and obese adolescents and young adults had more caries than normal-weight individuals. The present study emphasises the need for multidisciplinary approaches to change the lifestyle factors causing both overweight/obesity and dental caries.
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| 3. |
- Arver, Brita, et al.
(författare)
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Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Swedish Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer: A National Survey.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of surgery. - : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1999. - 1528-1140 .- 0003-4932. ; 253:6, s. 1147-1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:: This study attempted a national inventory of all bilateral prophylactic mastectomies performed in Sweden between 1995 and 2005 in high-risk women without a previous breast malignancy. The primary aim was to investigate the breast cancer incidence after surgery. Secondary aims were to describe the preoperative risk assessment, operation techniques, complications, histopathological findings, and regional differences. METHODS:: Geneticists, oncologists and surgeons performing prophylactic breast surgery were asked to identify all women eligible for inclusion in their region. The medical records were reviewed in each region and the data were analyzed centrally. The BOADICEA risk assessment model was used to calculate the number of expected/prevented breast cancers during the follow-up period. RESULTS:: A total of 223 women operated on in 8 hospitals were identified. During a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, no primary breast cancer was observed compared with 12 expected cases. However, 1 woman succumbed 9 years post mastectomy to widespread adenocarcinoma of uncertain origin. Median age at operation was 40 years. A total of 58% were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. All but 3 women underwent breast reconstruction, 208 with implants and 12 with autologous tissue. Four small, unifocal, invasive cancers and 4 ductal carcinoma in situ were found in the mastectomy specimens. The incidence of nonbreast related complications was low (3%). Implant loss due to infection/necrosis occurred in 21 women (10%) but a majority received a new implant later. In total, 64% of the women underwent at least 1unanticipated secondary operation. CONCLUSIONS:: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy is safe and efficacious in reducing future breast cancer in asymptomatic women at high risk. Unanticipated reoperations are common. Given the small number of patients centralization seems justified.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fåhraeus, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight and obesity in twenty-year-old Swedes in relation to birthweight and weight development during childhood
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 101:6, s. 637-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the frequency of overweight and obesity from birth to 20 years of age and analyse weight at 20 years of age in relation to weight and weight development during early childhood and adolescence.METHODS: A longitudinal, population-based study, which followed 496 children from birth to 20 years of age. Information about weight and height was collected from health records at child health centres and school health care. At 20 years of age, weight and height measurements were taken by one of the authors.RESULTS: At 20 years of age, 124 (25%) of the youth were obese or overweight. Of these youths, 60% had normal weight at 5.5 years. Of the teenagers who were overweight/obese at 15 years, 79% remained overweight/obese at 20 years of age. Out of the 124 overweight/obese at 20, 47% had normal weight at 15 years. [Corrections added after online publication on April 18, 2012: 'Out of the 124 obese at 20' has been changed to 'Out of the 124 overweight/obese at 20']. No relation was found between rapid weight gain during preschool age and overweight and obesity in 20-year-olds.CONCLUSIONS: The majority of those who were overweight/obese at 20 years of age were recruited after 5.5 years of age, and half of them in their late teens. Thus, during the preschool period, the entire population should be the target of primary prevention from overweight/obesity and, in the case of teenagers, prevention strategies should be developed for the whole population as well as treatment strategies for teenagers with established overweight/obesity.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hällgren, Anita, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic relatedness among Enterococcus faecalis with transposon-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in Swedish intensive care units
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 52:2, s. 162-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied 45 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR), all but one concomitantly resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 25 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates without HLGR for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). E. faecalis were isolated from patients admitted to intensive care units at eight hospitals in southern Sweden from December 1996 through December 1998. Genomic analysis by PFGE resulted in three clusters of genetically related isolates (designated clusters I, II and III) and 23 unique clones. Cluster I was found predominantly in the eastern and central parts of southern Sweden and clusters II and III in south-western Sweden. Among the 45 isolates with HLGR, 69% belonged to cluster I, 20% to cluster II, and 11% had unique PFGE patterns, which suggests that the majority of isolates with HLGR are closely related. Among the 25 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates without HLGR, 68% had unique PFGE patterns, 12% belonged to cluster I and 20% to cluster III, which suggests the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates are not related. All isolates with HLGR contained the aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)Ia gene, which was carried on a Tn5281-like transposon in all isolates except one. We conclude that HLGR in E. faecalis was mainly due to dissemination of genetically related clones during the time studied, and that HLGR in these isolates was due to the presence of the aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)Ia gene.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hällgren, Anita, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Rectal colonization and frequency of enterococcal cross-transmission among prolonged-stay patients in two Swedish intensive care units
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 37:8, s. 561-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to gain insight into the dynamics of the rectal flora during prolonged ICU stay, with a particular focus on colonization and cross-transmission with resistant pathogens, and to evaluate methods for the rapid isolation of relevant bacteria from rectal swabs. Patients admitted to a general intensive care unit (GICU) or a cardiothoracic ICU (TICU) at the University Hospital of Linköping, Sweden, between 1 November 2001 and January 2002 with a length of stay > 5 d were included (n = 20). Chromogenic UTI agar medium was used for discrimination of different species, and appropriate antibiotics were added to detect resistance. Direct plating was compared to enrichment broth for a subset of specimens. The study showed an early alteration in rectal flora, with a dramatic decrease in Gram-negative rods in favour of Gram-positive bacteria. An ampicillin- and high-level gentamicin resistant clone of Enterococcus faecium was found in 6 of 10 patients in the GICU and 2 of 11 patients in the TICU. Enrichment broth did not enhance the detection of Gram-negative bacteria compared to direct plating on Chromogenic UTI medium, but enrichment broths were needed for optimal detection of resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Isaksson, Helén, et al.
(författare)
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Parental factors in early childhood are associated with approximal caries experience in young adults - A longitudinal study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 47:1, s. 49-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that parental factors in early childhood influence approximal caries experience in young adults.METHODS: A cohort of 494 individuals was followed longitudinally from 1 to 20 years of age. Data were retrieved from parental interviews and questionnaires when the child was 1 and 3 years of age. At age 20, the participants underwent bitewing radiographic examination. Based on the number of approximal caries lesions (Da), stratified into initial (Di ) or manifest caries (Dm ) and approximal fillings (Fa), the participants were divided into two main groups: those with: (a) 0 Dim Fa (n = 244) and (b) >0 Dim Fa (n = 250). A subgroup was also created (≥8 Dim Fa; n = 33).RESULTS: Toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste at 3 years of age less than twice a day (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6) and the participants' mothers' self-estimation of their oral health care as "less than optimal" were important risk factors for developing caries (>0 Dim Fa OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1). An interaction effect between toothbrushing at 3 years of age less than twice a day and consumption of caries risk products > 3 times a day further increased the caries experience in young adults (≥8 Dim Fa OR 8.3, 95% CI 1.8-37.8) together with maternal anxiety about dental treatment (OR 7.4 95% CI 1.6-34.6).CONCLUSIONS: Parental factors in early childhood are associated with caries experience at 20 years of age.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Karlqvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Computer mouse and track-ball operation : Similarities and differences in posture, muscular load and perceived exertion
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 23:3, s. 157-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Posture (optoelectronic 3D motion analysis system), muscular load (EMG), perceived exertion (rating scales), preference and productivity were investigated in 20 healthy VDU-operators (10 male and 10 female) during text editing with two different data input devices, a mouse and a track-ball. Work with the track-ball entailed lower shoulder elevation and less neck/shoulder muscle activity than work with the mouse. Arm support reduced muscle activity in the neck/shoulder region irrespective of input device used. A table height lower than 3 cm above elbow height allowed arm and shoulder support without undue shoulder elevation. Work with the track-ball entailed more wrist extension than work with the mouse. Perceived exertion ratings were lower for the shoulder and higher for the hand with track-ball than with mouse operation. Thus, biomechanical demands differ between different input devices. The women elevated and rotated their right shoulder outwards more than the men during work with both input devices. The overall EMG results showed a higher activity among the women than among the men in two of the examined muscles. This may relate to anthropometric differences which also influence biomechanical load moments. Another reason could be the observed differences in working techniques between the men and the women.
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| 14. |
- Karlqvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Computer mouse position as a determinant of posture, muscular loadand perceived exertion
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 24:1, s. 62-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study concerned the influence of 6 positions of the computer mouse on the work table on posture, muscular load, and perceived exertion during text editing. METHODS: An optoelectronic 3-dimensional motion analysis system was used to register the postures of 10 men and 10 women using video display units. Muscular load was also registered (with electromyography), as was perceived exertion (with rating scales). RESULTS: A neutral posture with a relaxed and supported arm showed the least perceived exertion, and the electromyographic results showed low activity in both trapezius muscles in this position. Short operators (all women) showed a numerically higher activity in the 4 examined muscles than the tall operators (all men, except 1). This finding could be related to lower muscle force among women and to anthropometric differences, which also influence biomechanic load moments. Narrow-shouldered operators (8 women and 1 man) and short operators worked with larger outward rotation and abduction of the shoulder in a position of the mouse lateral to the keyboard than the broad-shouldered (7 men and 2 women) and tall operators did. Arm support markedly reduced muscle load in the neck-shoulder region among the operators. CONCLUSIONS: The operators using video display units in this study preferred to use the mouse on a table in a close to relaxed, neutral posture of the arm in combination with arm support. Short and narrow-shouldered operators worked in more strenuous postures of the arm when the mouse was located lateral to the keyboard.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Koskela, Anita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Microsatellite instability score from GMS560 DNA panel
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microsatellite instability is characterised by gains or losses of nucleotides in short tandem repeat sequences, microsatellites, dispersed throughout the human genome. Microsatellite instability status is a molecular fingerprint for DNA mismatch repair deficiency. Clinical detection of microsatellite instability status is important for identifying inherited disease in patients with colorectal and endometrial cancer but has also a prognostic value for survival and prediction of treatment response. Lately, microsatellite instability has been used as a tumor agnostic biomarker that predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. To identify microsatellite instability status clinically, PCR and immunohistochemistry have been the gold standard. On the contrary, next generation sequencing provide simultaneous accession of large number of microsatellite loci and can be combined with detection of several other biomarkers. The national collaboration Genome Medicine Sweden have developed a solid tumour gene panel composed of 560 cancer associated genes with integrated microsatellite instability score. Our aim was to validate the microsatellite instability status based on microsatellite instability score from GMS560 DNA panel against the clinically used methods. Extracted DNA (100 ng) from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections with various tumour cell content >10% were analysed. During target enrichment sequencing analysis, allelic distribution from 5000 microsatellite markers were calculated by MSIsensor Pro to generate an instability score. The cohort consisted of microsatellite instable verified colorectal cancer samples (n=20), microsatellite stable solid tumour material (n=60). Preliminary results generated a microsatellite instability score for the colorectal cancer samples with a mean of 26.5 % (CI: 23.4-29.6, range: 16.9-32.3). Microsatellite stable tumour samples had a mean microsatellite instability score of 1.5 % (CI: 0.93-2.07, range: 1-4.45). In conclusion, we found the microsatellite instability score from GMS560 DNA panel to be both diagnostically sensitive and specific for determining MSI status due to obvious separation in instability.
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| 17. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A clonal outbreak of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus with concomitant resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tobramycin in a Swedish county
- 2009
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 41:5, s. 324-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contrast to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), studies on clonal distribution of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) are scarce. Since 2004, an increasing incidence of concomitant resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tobramycin (ECT) among MSSA has been detected in Ostergotland County, Sweden. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic relatedness among these isolates with 2 genotyping methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and sequence-based typing of the polymorphic region X of the staphylococcal protein A gene (spa typing), and to determine the incidence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. When genotyping 54 ECT-resistant MSSA isolates from 49 patients (1 isolate per patient per y), 91% were shown to be part of a clonal outbreak with both methods used (spa type t002). The clonal outbreak was concentrated in 8 hospital departments and 2 primary care centres, all located in the city of Linkoping. All isolates were negative for the PVL gene. In conclusion, this study demonstrates an ongoing clonal outbreak of PVL-negative ECT-resistant MSSA. This stresses the need to continuously maintain basic hygiene rules, since nosocomial transmission of pathogens is not limited to known resistant bacteria such as MRSA.
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| 18. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and characterisation of SCCmec remnants in multiresistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus causing a clonal outbreak in a Swedish county
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 31:2, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate if multiresistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MR-MSSA) causing a clonal outbreak in A-stergotland County, Sweden, were derived from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by carrying remnants of SCCmec, and, if so, to characterise this element. A total of 54 MSSA isolates with concomitant resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tobramycin from 49 patients (91% clonally related, spa type t002) were investigated with the BD GeneOhm MRSA assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the SCCmec integration site/SCCmec right extremity junction. DNA sequencing of one isolate representing the MR-MSSA outbreak clone was performed by massive parallel 454 pyrosequencing. All isolates that were part of the clonal outbreak carried SCCmec remnants. The DNA sequencing revealed the carriage of a pseudo-SCC element 12 kb in size, with a genomic organisation identical to an SCCmec type I (TM) I (TM) element, except for a 41-kb gap. This study demonstrates the presence of a pseudo-SCC element resembling SCCmec type II among MR-MSSA, suggesting possible derivation from MRSA. The presence of SCCmec remnants should always be considered when SCCmec typing is used for MRSA detection, and may not be suitable in locations with a high prevalence of MR-MSSA, since this might give a high number of false-positive results.
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| 19. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, 1983-
(författare)
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Epidemiological and molecular biological studies of multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is increasingly recognised as a major problem and threat. During the last decades Gram-positive bacteria in general, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in particular, have been in focus both concerning matters of antibiotic resistance and as pathogens causing health care-associated (nosocomial) infections. In contrast to MRSA, studies on clonal distribution of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) are scarce. However, interest in MSSA has increased since it was shown that MRSA emerges from susceptible backgrounds by acquisition of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome element, carrying the mecA gene encoding methicillin-resistance (SCCmec).In an outbreak investigation of MRSA in Östergötland County, Sweden, in 2005, a high incidence of MSSA isolates with concomitant resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tobramycin (ECT-R) was detected. Analysis showed that 91 % of the investigated isolates were genetically related (clonal). The ECT-R clone was divided into four different but closely related patterns with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and was designated spa type t002. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the ECT-R clone carried a pseudo-SCC element estimated to be 12 kb in size, showing a resemblance of more than 99 % with the SCCmec type II element of MRSA strain N315 (New York/Japan clone). This suggested a probable derivation from a highly successful MRSA strain, which had partially excised its SCCmec. The clonal outbreak was concentrated in eight hospital departments and two primary care centres, all located in the city of Linköping. Despite a high exchange of patients with the hospitals in the neighbouring counties in southeast Sweden (Jönköping- and Kalmar County), the ECT-R clone seemed to be limited to Östergötland County. However, a tobramycin-resistant clone predominated by isolates of spa type t084 was found in all three counties in southeast Sweden, and in particular among newborns, suggesting inter-hospital transmission.The ECT-R clone has survived as an abundant MSSA clone for a decade in Östergötland County, which indicates an insufficiency in the maintenance of basic hygiene guidelines, and that the clone probably possesses mechanisms of virulence and transmission that are yet to be discovered.
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| 20. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic relatedness of multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in southeast Sweden
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: A high exchange of patients occurs between the hospitals in southeast Sweden, resulting in a possible transmission of nosocomial pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and possible genetic relatedness of multi-resistant methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in the region in general, and in particular the possible persistence and transmission of the ECT-R clone (t002) showing resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tobramycin previously found in Östergötland County.Methods: Three groups of S. aureus isolates with different antibiotic resistance profiles, including the ECT-R profile, were collected from the three County Councils in southeast Sweden and investigated with spa typing, real-time PCR targeting the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec right extremity junction (MREJ), and microarray.Results: All isolates with the ECT-R resistance profile (n = 12) from Östergötland County and two additional isolates with another antibiotic resistance profile were designated spa type t002, MREJ type ii, and were clustered in the same clonal cluster (CC) (i.e. CC5) by the microarray result, indicating the persistence of the ECT-R clone. In addition, 60 % of the isolates belonged to CC15 from newborns, with 94 % sharing spa type t084, indicating interhospital transmission.Conclusions: The persistence of the ECT-R clone and the possible transmission of the t084 strain indicate that there is still an insufficiency in the maintenance of basic hygiene guidelines. The ECT-R clone probably possesses mechanisms of virulence and transmission that make it so successful.
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| 21. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term persistence of a multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MR-MSSA) clone at a university hospital in southeast Sweden, without further transmission within the region
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 34:7, s. 1415-1422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to characterise isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) with resistance to clindamycin and/or tobramycin in southeast Sweden, including the previously described ECT-R clone (t002) found in Östergotland County, focusing on clonal relatedness, virulence determinants and existence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec remnants. MSSA isolates with resistance to clindamycin and/or tobramycin were collected from the three county councils in southeast Sweden and investigated with spa typing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the SCCmec right extremity junction (MREJ) and DNA microarray technology. The 98 isolates were divided into 40 spa types, and by microarray clustered in 17 multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complexes (MLST-CCs). All isolates with combined resistance to clindamycin and tobramycin (n = 12) from Östergotland County and two additional isolates (clindamycin-R) were designated as spa type t002, MREJ type ii and were clustered in CC5, together with a representative isolate of the ECT-R clone, indicating the clones persistence. These isolates also carried several genes encoding exotoxins, Q9XB68-dcs and qacC. Of the isolates in CC15, 83 % (25/30) were tobramycin-resistant and were designated spa type t084. Of these, 68 % (17/25) were isolated from new-borns in all three counties. The persistence of the ECT-R clone in Östergotland County, although not found in any other county in the region, carrying certain virulence factors that possibly enhance its survival in the hospital environment, highlights the fact that basic hygiene guidelines must be maintained even when MRSA prevalence is low.
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| 22. |
- Lucquin, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient lipids document continuity in the use of earlyhunter–gatherer pottery through 9,000 years of Japanese prehistory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:15, s. 3991-3996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The earliest pots in the world are from East Asia and date to the LatePleistocene. However, ceramic vessels were only produced in largenumbers during the warmer and more stable climatic conditions ofthe Holocene. It has long been assumed that the expansion of potterywas linked with increased sedentism and exploitation of newresources that became available with the ameliorated climate, butthis hypothesis has never been tested. Through chemical analysis oftheir contents, we herein investigate the use of pottery across anexceptionally long 9,000-y sequence from the Jo¯mon site of Torihamainwestern Japan, intermittently occupied from the Late Pleistocene tothe mid-Holocene. Molecular and isotopic analyses of lipids from 143vessels provides clear evidence that pottery across this sequence waspredominantly used for cooking marine and freshwater resources,with evidence for diversification in the range of aquatic productsprocessed during the Holocene. Conversely, there is little indicationthat ruminant animals or plants were processed in pottery, althoughit is evident from the faunal and macrobotanical remains that thesefoods were heavily exploited. Supported by other residue analysisdata from Japan, our results show that the link between potteryand fishing was established in the Late Paleolithic and lasted wellinto the Holocene, despite environmental and socio-economic change.Cooking aquatic products in pottery represents an enduring socialaspect of East Asian hunter–gatherers, a tradition based on a dependabletechnology for exploiting a sustainable resource in an uncertainand changing world.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Melander-Wikman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Project: MyHealth@Age
- 2013
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- MyHealth@Age projektet utvecklade tjänster och produkter som aktivt involverar äldre personer i deras egen vård- och omsorg för att de ska få bättre hälsa, trygghet och välbefinnande. Målsättningen var att de äldre ska förbli så friska och välmående att de klarar sig själva 3-5 år längre än vad som annars vore fallet. På så sätt ökas de äldres livskvalitet samtidigt som vård- och omsorgsorganisationerna ges bättre verksamhetsförutsättningar. I nära samverkan med äldre slutanvändare, vård- och omsorgspersonal, leverantörer och forskare utvecklades produkter och tjänster för mobilt trygghetslarm, ordinerad egenvård samt social samverkan. Syftet var att de nya produkterna och tjänsterna ska bli viktiga för medverkande aktörers konkurrenskraft, tillväxtmöjligheter (företag) och verksamhetsförutsättningar (organisationer).De vård- och omsorgsorganisationer som involverades i det svenska fältprovet var Luleå och Bodens kommun samt Norrbottens läns landsting. Projektet genomfördes januari 2008-december 2010. Fältprov genomfördes september 2009 – november 2010 i Boden/Luleå, Tromsö och Belfast för utvärdering och vidareutveckling av tjänsterna och produkterna. Fältproven involverade 15-tal äldre slutanvändare per land samt berörd primärvård- och kommunal omsorgspersonal. Totalt var 15 organisationer och företag engagerade i projektet. MyHealth@Age projektet finansierades av EU programmet Norra Periferin.
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| 25. |
- Mulvenna, Maurice, et al.
(författare)
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Towards sustainable business models from healthcare technology research
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computers in Healthcare (IJCIH). - : InderScience Publishers. - 1755-3199 .- 1755-3202. ; 1:1, s. 20-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As demographic ageing impacts across the world, health and welfare organisations are seeking new paradigms of care that address people's needs as well as being inherently more scalable than the incumbent processes and services. The aim of this paper is to describe the current situation in Europe with information on service provision, before signposting some possible new ways to develop sustainable business models that support care models. The paper uses a case study approach to examine the issues in the introduction of such business models, from a perspective of the translation of research proof of concepts into business services and from the perspective of developing innovations from research that address unmet or poorly considered needs of user. The paper shows how several innovative European projects are anticipating the need for service change and are designing their research outcomes to match the needs of service commissioners more fully. The conclusion discusses several different approaches before drawing together strands of the work and providing tentative recommendations on the way forward to develop new inclusive technology-enhanced services in health and social care.
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| 26. |
- Mulvenna, Maurice, et al.
(författare)
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Towards sustainable business models from technology healthcare research
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computers in Healthcare (IJCIH). - Geneve : Inderscience Enterprises Lilmited. - 1755-3199. ; 1:1, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As demographic ageing impacts across the world, health and welfare organisations are seeking new paradigms of care that address people’s needs as well as being inherently more scalable than the incumbent processes and services. The aim of this paper is to describe the current situation in Europe with information on service provision, before signposting some possible new ways to develop sustainable business models that support care models. The paper uses a case study approach to examine the issues in the introduction of such business models, from a perspective of the translation of research proof of concepts into business services and from the perspective of developing innovations from research that address unmet or poorly considered needs of user. The paper shows how several innovative European projects are anticipating the need for service change and are designing their research outcomes to match the needs of service commissioners more fully. The conclusion discusses several different approaches before drawing together trands of the work and providing tentative recommendations on the way forward to develop new inclusive technology-enhanced services in health and social care.
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| 27. |
- Oras, Ester, et al.
(författare)
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Social food here and hereafter : Multiproxy analysis of gender-specific food consumption in conversion period inhumation cemetery at Kukruse, NE-Estonia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 97, s. 90-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current approaches in diet-related bioarchaeological research focus on establishing major developments in ancient societies, whilst small-scale and high-resolution studies of social constituents of past food consumption have gained far less attention. We conducted a multiproxy study of ancient diet in the 12th–13th century AD cemetery at Kukruse, NE-Estonia, in order to address the question of socially constrained food in the past. Two different food related archaeological sources – ceramic vessels and human bones – were investigated by applying organic residue (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), bulk isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS)), and plant microfossil analysis for the first, and human bone stable isotope (IRMS) analysis for the latter. Results show that there was a gender and to some extent also age-specific food consumption by different community members at Kukruse: male (and some older female) diet was based on more aquatic and higher trophic level organisms, whilst younger females tend to feed on lower trophic level and potentially more herbivorous animals and their products. The paper emphasises the concept of past diet as a social phenomenon, the aspects of which can be best revealed with the help of multiproxy bioarchaeological analysis.
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| 28. |
- Saeedi, Baharak, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic relatedness of Enterococcus faecalis isolates with high-level gentamicin resistance from patients with bacteraemia in the south east of Sweden 1994-2001
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 36:6-7, s. 405-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-level gentamicin resistant (HLGR) enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium) have become a substantial nosocomial problem in many countries. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of HLGR enterococci and their genetic relatedness in blood culture isolates from patients with bacteraemia admitted to the 3 hospitals in Östergötland, a county in the south east of Sweden, during 1994–2001. 36 of 250 E. faecalis (14%) and 4 of 106 E. faecium isolates (4%) were shown by PCR to carry the aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia aminoglycoside modifying gene and these isolates were also classified as HLGR enterococci by the gentamicin antibiotic disk diffusion method. A majority of HLGR E. faecalis isolates (83%) belonged to the same cluster of genetically related isolates, according to the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, whereas all 4 HLGR E. faecium isolates had unique PFGE patterns. In conclusion, our study showed that in contrast to studies from many other countries, the presence of HLGR enterococci was more common in E. faecalis than in E. faecium and appeared the first time in 1996 and 1999, respectively. Bacteraemia with HLGR enterococci in Östergötland was mainly due to the spread of a cluster related of E. faecalis strains.
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| 29. |
- Saeedi, Baharak, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for typing of enterococci
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 110:12, s. 869-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controlling the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is an important task in hospital epidemiology. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has become the golden standard for molecular epidemiological characterisation of enterococcal isolates. For separation of DNA fragments by PFGE, different electrophoresis conditions have been recommended, but none of these protocols allows a satisfactory separation of both small and large DNA fragments of enterococci simultaneously. In this study we have speeded up the preparation of chromosomal DNA and defined new electrophoresis conditions that enhance separation of small and large DNA fragments for subtyping of enterococci with a 24 h PFGE.
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| 30. |
- Saeedi, Baharak, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Phene Plate (PhP) biochemical fingerprinting : a screening method for epidemiological typing of enterococcal isolates?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 113:9, s. 603-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is currently considered the gold standard for genotyping of enterococci. However, PFGE is both expensive and time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the PhP system can be used as a reliable clinical screening method for detection of genetically related isolates of enterococci. If so, it should be possible to minimize the number of isolates subjected to PFGE typing, which would save time and money. Ninety-nine clinical enterococcal isolates were analysed by PhP (similarity levels 0.90–0.975) and PFGE (similarity levels ≤3 and ≤6 bands) and all possible pairs of isolates were cross-classified as matched or mismatched. We found that the probability that a pair of isolates (A and B) belonging to the same type according to PhP also belong to the same cluster according to PFGE, i.e. p(APFGE=BPFGE • APhP=BPhP), and the probability that a pair of isolates of different types according to PhP also belong to different clusters according to PFGE, i.e. p(APFGE≠BPFGE • APhP≠BPhP), was relatively high for E. faecalis (0.86 and 0.96, respectively), but was lower for E. faecium (0.51 and 0.77, respectively). The concordance which shows the probability that PhP and PFGE agree on match or mismatch was 86%–93% for E. faecalis and 54%–66% for E. faecium, which indicates that the PhP method may be useful for epidemiological typing of E. faecalis in the current settings but not for E. faecium.
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| 31. |
- Scheffel, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Design of an integrated continuous downstream process for acid-sensitive monoclonal antibodies based on a calcium-dependent Protein A ligand
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1664, s. 462806-462806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are used as therapeutics and for diagnostics of a variety of diseases, and novel antibodies are continuously being developed to find treatments for new diseases. Therefore, the manufacturing process must accommodate a range of mAb characteristics. Acid-sensitive mAbs can severely compromise product purity and yield in the purification process due to the potential formation of aggregates. To address this problem, we have developed an integrated downstream process for the purification of pH-sensitive mAbs at mild conditions. A calcium-dependent Protein A-based ligand, called ZCa, was used in the capture step in a 3-column periodic counter-current chromatography operation. The binding of ZCa to antibodies is regulated by calcium, meaning that acidic conditions are not needed to break the interaction and elute the antibodies. Further, the virus inactivation was achieved by a solvent/detergent method, where the pH could remain unchanged. The polishing steps included a cation and an anion exchange chromatography step, and screening of the capture and polishing steps was performed to allow for a seamless integration of the process steps. The process was implemented at laboratory scale for 9 days obtaining a high yield, and a consistently pure drug substance, including high reduction values of the host cell protein and DNA concentrations, as well as aggregate levels below the detection limit, which is attributed to the mild conditions used in the process.
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| 32. |
- Schwarz, Hubert, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated continuous biomanufacturing on pilot scale for acid-sensitive monoclonal antibodies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 0006-3592 .- 1097-0290.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we demonstrated the first, to our knowledge, integrated continuous bioprocess (ICB) designed for the production of acid-sensitive monoclonal antibodies, prone to aggregate at low pH, on pilot scale. A high cell density perfusion culture, stably maintained at 100 × 106 cells/ml, was integrated with the downstream process, consisting of a capture step with the recently developed Protein A ligand, ZCa; a solvent/detergent-based virus inactivation; and two ion-exchange chromatography steps. The use of a mild pH in the downstream process makes this ICB suitable for the purification of acid-sensitive monoclonal antibodies. Integration and automation of the downstream process were achieved using the Orbit software, and the same equipment and control system were used in initial small-scale trials and the pilot-scale downstream process. High recovery yields of around 90% and a productivity close to 1 g purified antibody/L/day were achieved, with a stable glycosylation pattern and efficient removal of impurities, such as host cell proteins and DNA. Finally, negligible levels of antibody aggregates were detected owing to the mild conditions used throughout the process. The present work paves the way for future industrial-scale integrated continuous biomanufacturing of all types of antibodies, regardless of acid stability.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Watkins, Johnathan, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic Complexity Profiling Reveals That HORMAD1 Overexpression Contributes to Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Discovery. - 2159-8274 .- 2159-8290. ; 5:5, s. 488-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, some of which might be caused by defects in DNA repair processes such as homologous recombination (HR). Despite this understanding, associating particular patterns of genomic instability with response to therapy has been challenging. Here, we show that allelic-imbalanced copy-number aberrations (AiCNA) are more prevalent in TNBCs that respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, thus providing a candidate predictive biomarker for this disease. Furthermore, we show that a high level of AiCNA is linked with elevated expression of a meiosis-associated gene, HORMAD1. Elevated HORMAD1 expression suppresses RAD51-dependent HR and drives the use of alternative forms of DNA repair, the generation of AiCNAs, as well as sensitizing cancer cells to HR-targeting therapies. Our data therefore provide a mechanistic association between HORMAD1 expression, a specific pattern of genomic instability, and an association with response to platinum-based chemotherapy in TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE: Previous studies have shown correlation between mutational "scars" and sensitivity to platinums extending beyond associations with BRCA1/2 mutation, but do not elucidate the mechanism. Here, a novel allele-specific copy-number characterization of genome instability identifies and functionally validates the inappropriate expression of the meiotic gene HORMAD1 as a driver of HR deficiency in TNBC, acting to induce allelic imbalance and moderate platinum and PARP inhibitor sensitivity with implications for the use of such "scars" and expression of meiotic genes as predictive biomarkers.
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| 38. |
- Wemer, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced ectoparasite load, body mass and blood haemolysis in Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) along an urban–rural gradient
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-1042 .- 1432-1904. ; 108:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanisation is proceeding at an alarming rate which forces wildlife to either retreat from urban areas or cope with novel stressors linked to human presence and activities. For example, urban stressors like anthropogenic noise, artificial light at night and chemical pollution can have severe impacts on the physiology of wildlife (and humans), in particular the immune system and antioxidant defences. These physiological systems are important to combat and reduce the severity of parasitic infections, which are common among wild animals. One question that then arises is whether urban-dwelling animals, whose immune and antioxidant system are already challenged by the urban stressors, are more susceptible to parasitic infections. To assess this, we studied nestlings of Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) in Vienna, Austria, during 2015 and 2017. We measured biomarkers of innate immune function, oxidative stress and body mass index and ectoparasite infection intensity in 143 nestlings (from 56 nests) along an urban gradient. Nestlings in more urbanised areas had overall fewer ectoparasites, lower haemolysis (complement activity) and lower body mass index compared to nestlings in less urbanised areas. None of the other immune or oxidative stress markers were associated with the urban gradient. Despite some non-significant results, our data still suggest that kestrel nestlings experience some level of reduced physiological health, perhaps as a consequence of exposure to more urban stressors or altered prey availability in inner-city districts even though they had an overall lower ectoparasite burden in these heavily urbanised areas.
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| 39. |
- Zhang (张臻), Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Anthropogenic emission is the main contributor to the rise of atmospheric methane during 1993–2017
- 2022
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Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have shown a puzzling resumption in growth since 2007 following a period of stabilization from 2000 to 2006. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the temporal variations in CH4 growth, and attribute the rise of atmospheric CH4 either to increases in emissions from fossil fuel activities, agriculture and natural wetlands, or to a decrease in the atmospheric chemical sink. Here, we use a comprehensive ensemble of CH4 source estimates and isotopic δ13C-CH4 source signature data to show that the resumption of CH4 growth is most likely due to increased anthropogenic emissions. Our emission scenarios that have the fewest biases with respect to isotopic composition suggest that the agriculture, landfill and waste sectors were responsible for 53 ± 13% of the renewed growth over the period 2007–2017 compared to 2000–2006; industrial fossil fuel sources explained an additional 34 ± 24%, and wetland sources contributed the least at 13 ± 9%. The hypothesis that a large increase in emissions from natural wetlands drove the decrease in atmospheric δ13C-CH4 values cannot be reconciled with current process-based wetland CH4 models. This finding suggests the need for increased wetland measurements to better understand the contemporary and future role of wetlands in the rise of atmospheric methane and climate feedback. Our findings highlight the predominant role of anthropogenic activities in driving the growth of atmospheric CH4 concentrations.
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