| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 2. |
- Ahmadi, Shilan Seyed, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of liraglutide on anthropometric measurements, sagittal abdominal diameter and adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: evaluations from a randomized trial (MDI-liraglutide study 5)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Obesity Science and Practice. - : Wiley. - 2055-2238. ; 5:2, s. 130-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Use of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide has been shown to reduce weight. Different types of anthropometric measurements can be used to measure adiposity. This study evaluated the effect of liraglutide on sagittal abdominal diameter, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). Materials and methods In the multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled MDI-liraglutide trial, 124 individuals with T2D treated with MDI were randomized to either liraglutide or placebo. Basal values of weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter and adiponectin were compared with measurements at 12 and 24 weeks after randomization. Results Baseline-adjusted mean weight loss was 3.8 +/- 2.9 kg greater in liraglutide than placebo-treated individuals (p < 0.0001). Waist circumference was reduced by 2.9 +/- 4.3 cm and 0.2 +/- 3.6 cm in the liraglutide and placebo groups, respectively, after 24 weeks (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 2.6 +/- 4.0 cm, p = 0.0005). Corresponding reductions in sagittal abdominal diameter were 1.1 +/- 1.7 cm and 0.0 +/- 1.8 cm (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 1.1 +/- 1.7 cm, p = 0.0008). Hip circumference was reduced in patients randomized to liraglutide (baseline-adjusted mean difference between treatment groups: 2.8 +/- 3.8 cm, p = 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the groups in either waist-to-hip ratio (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 0.0 +/- 0.04 cm, p = 0.51) or adiponectin levels (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 0.8 +/- 3.3 mg L-1, p = 0.17). Lower HbA1c and mean glucose levels measured by masked continuous glucose monitoring at baseline were associated with greater effects of liraglutide on reductions in waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter. Conclusions In patients with T2D, adding liraglutide to MDI may reduce abdominal and hip obesity to a similar extent, suggesting an effect on both visceral and subcutaneous fat. Liraglutide had greater effects on reducing abdominal obesity in patients with less pronounced long-term hyperglycaemia but did not affect adiponectin levels.
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| 3. |
- Attias, Noam, et al.
(författare)
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Biofabrication of Nanocellulose–Mycelium Hybrid Materials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2366-7486. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy material alternatives based on renewable resources and sustainable technologies have the potential to disrupt the environmentally damaging production and consumption practices established throughout the modern industrial era. In this study, a mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposite with hybrid properties is produced by the agitated liquid culture of a white-rot fungus (Trametes ochracea) with nanocellulose (NC) comprised as part of the culture media. Mycelial development proceeds via the formation of pellets, where NC is enriched in the pellets and depleted from the surrounding liquid media. Micrometer-scale NC elements become engulfed in mycelium, whereas it is hypothesized that the nanometer-scale fraction becomes integrated within the hyphal cell wall, such that all NC in the system is essentially surface-modified by mycelium. The NC confers mechanical strength to films processed from the biocomposite, whereas the mycelium screens typical cellulose–water interactions, giving fibrous slurries that dewater faster and films that exhibit significantly improved wet resistance in comparison to pure NC films. The mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposites are processable in the ways familiar to papermaking and are suggested for diverse applications, including packaging, filtration, and hygiene products.
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| 4. |
- Björling, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of DLC coating on EHL friction coefficient
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tribology letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 47:2, s. 285-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High hardness, high elastic modulus, low friction characteristics, high wear and corrosion resistance, chemical inertness, and thermal stability are factors that make diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings the subject of many studies. For the same reasons they also seem suitable for use in, amongst others, machine components and cutting tools. While most studies in the literature focus on the influence of coatings on wear and friction in boundary lubrication and pure sliding contacts, few studies can be found concerning rolling and sliding elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) friction, especially in the mixed and full film regime. In this article tests are carried out in a Wedeven Associates Machine tribotester where an uncoated ball and disc pair is compared to the case of coated ball against uncoated disc, coated disc against uncoated ball, and coated disc against coated ball. The tests are conducted at two different temperatures and over a broad range of slide-to-roll ratios and entrainment speeds. The results are presented as friction maps as introduced in previous work (Björling et al. in J Eng Tribol 225(7):671, 2011). Furthermore a numerical simulation model is developed to investigate if there is a possibility that the hard, thin DLC coating is affecting the friction coefficient in an EHL contact due to thermal effects caused by the different thermal properties of the coating compared to the substrate. The experimental results show a reduction in friction coefficient in the full film regime when DLC-coated surfaces are used. The biggest reduction is found when both surfaces are coated, followed by the case when either ball or disc is coated. The thermal simulation model shows a substantial increase of the lubricant film temperature compared to uncoated surfaces when both surfaces are coated with DLC. The reduction in friction coefficient when coating either only the ball or the disc are almost the same, lower than when coating both the surfaces but still higher than the uncoated case. The findings above indicate that it is reasonable to conclude that thermal effects are a likely cause for the decrease in coefficient of friction when operating under full film conditions, and in the mixed lubrication regime when DLC-coated surfaces are used
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| 5. |
- Cheraghchi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Approximating Linear Threshold Predicates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 13th International Workshop on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems, APPROX 2010 and 14th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation, RANDOM 2010, Barcelona, 1-3 September 2010. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783642153686 ; 6302, s. 110-123
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study constraint satisfaction problems on the domain {-1,1}, where the given constraints are homogeneous linear threshold predicates. That is, predicates of the form sgn(w1 x1+⋯+wn x n ) for some positive integer weights w 1, ..., w n . Despite their simplicity, current techniques fall short of providing a classification of these predicates in terms of approximability. In fact, it is not easy to guess whether there exists a homogeneous linear threshold predicate that is approximation resistant or not. The focus of this paper is to identify and study the approximation curve of a class of threshold predicates that allow for non-trivial approximation. Arguably the simplest such predicate is the majority predicate sgn(x 1+⋯+xn ), for which we obtain an almost complete understanding of the asymptotic approximation curve, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture. Our techniques extend to a more general class of "majority-like" predicates and we obtain parallel results for them. In order to classify these predicates, we introduce the notion of Chow-robustness that might be of independent interest.
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| 6. |
- Cheraghchi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Approximating linear threshold predicates
- 2012
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Computation Theory. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1942-3454 .- 1942-3462. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study constraint satisfaction problems on the domain {-1, 1}, where the given constraints are homogeneous linear threshold predicates, that is, predicates of the form sgn(w 1 x 1 + · · · + w n x n ) for some positive integer weights w 1 , . . . , w n . Despite their simplicity, current techniques fall short of providing a classification of these predicates in terms of approximability. In fact, it is not easy to guess whether there exists a homogeneous linear threshold predicate that is approximation resistant or not. The focus of this article is to identify and study the approximation curve of a class of threshold predicates that allow for nontrivial approximation. Arguably the simplest such predicate is the majority predicate sgn(x 1 + · · · + x n ), for which we obtain an almost complete understanding of the asymptotic approximation curve, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture. Our techniques extend to a more general class of "majority-like" predicates and we obtain parallel results for them. In order to classify these predicates, we introduce the notion of Chow-robustness that might be of independent interest.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Erlandsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance in ICUs in Southeastern Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. - : Wiley. ; 43:8, s. 815-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A study was designed to assess a computer-based program for continuous registration of antibiotic resistance, statistics concerning severity of illness, and consumption of antibacterial drugs. Methods: The frequency of antibiotic resistance among bacteria in eight ICUs in southeastern Sweden was investigated yearly from 1995 through 1997. The antibiotic consumption in the ICUs was registered as defined daily doses (DDD) and compared to severity of illness (APACHE-II scores). Results: There was a statistically significant increase in ampicillin resistance among Enterococcus spp. between 1996 and 1997, which was due to a shift from Enterococcus faecalis to Enterococcus faecium. A high prevalence of resistance among coagulase-negative staphylococci to oxacillin (≈ 70%), ciprofloxacin (≈ 50%), fucidic acid (≈ 50%) and netilmicin (≈ 30%) was seen in all ICUs during the whole study period. There was a statistically significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. The resistance among Enterobacter spp. to cefotaxime decreased but this change was not statistically significant. Efforts were made to avoid betalactam antibiotics, except carbapenems, for treatment of infections caused by Enterobacter spp. and the consumption of cephalosporins decreased whereas the consumption of carbapenems increased. The total antibiotic consumption decreased by 2.5% during the study period. There was no correlation between APACHE II scores and antibiotic consumption. Conclusions: Each ICU within a hospital ought to have a program for "on-line" antibiotic resistance surveillance of drugs used in that unit so that changes in empirical treatment can be made when there is an increase in antibiotic-resistant isolates within that unit.
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| 9. |
- Hajdarevic, Senada, et al.
(författare)
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Coping styles in decision making among men and women diagnosed with malignant melanoma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : Sage Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 18:11, s. 1445-1455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early care seeking is important for prognosis of malignant melanoma. Coping styles in decision-making to seek care can relate to prognosis since avoidant strategies could delay care seeking. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported coping styles in decision-making between men and women diagnosed with malignant melanoma. We used the Swedish version of the Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire to assess coping styles. Men generally scored higher in buck-passing while women and those living without a partner scored higher in hypervigilance. This knowledge could be used in the development of preventive programmes with intention to reach those who delay care seeking.
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| 10. |
- Hajdarevic, Senada, et al.
(författare)
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Health care delay in malignant melanoma : various pathways to diagnosis and treatment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dermatology Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-6105 .- 1687-6113. ; , s. 294287-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to describe and compare patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma (MM), depending on their initial contact with care andwith regard to age, sex, andMMtype and thickness, and to explore pathways and time intervals (lead times) between clinics from the initial contact to diagnosis and treatment.The sample from northern Sweden was identified via the Swedish melanoma register. Data regarding pathways in health care were retrieved from patient records. In our unselected population of 71 people diagnosedwith skinmelanoma of SSMandNMtypes, 75%of patients were primarily treated by primary health-care centres (PHCs). The time interval (delay) from primary excision until registration of the histopathological assessment in the medical records was significantly longer in PHCs than in hospital-based and dermatological clinics (Derm). Thicker tumors were more common in the PHC group. Older patients waited longer times for wide excision. Most MM are excised rapidly at PHCs, but some patients may not be diagnosed and treated in time. Delay of registration of results from histopathological assessments within PHCs seems to be an important issue for future improvement. Exploring shortcomings inMMpatients’ clinical pathways is important to improve the quality of care and patient safety.
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| 11. |
- Hansson, Kenny, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Whole blood coagulation on protein adsorption-resistant PEG and peptide functionalised PEG-coated titanium surfaces.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 26:8, s. 861-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whole blood coagulation on low blood plasma protein adsorbing surfaces. For this purpose, the polycationic graft copolymer poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG), PLL-g-PEG grafted with a cell adhesive peptide containing the amino acid sequence -Arg-Gly-Asp- (RGD), and PLL-g-PEG with a control peptide -Arg-Asp-Gly- (RDG) were adsorbed onto titanium (oxide), forming stable monomolecular adlayers through electrostatic attraction. Free oscillation rheometry and complementary techniques were used to measure the coagulation time (CT) and other interactions of the surfaces with native whole blood, recalcified platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and recalcified citrated platelet-free plasma (PFP). The results show that the uncoated titanium surfaces (reference) activated platelets and quickly triggered the coagulation cascade via the intrinsic pathway, whereas the PLL-g-PEG surfaces displayed a prolonged CT, approximately 2-3 times longer compared to uncoated titanium. We hypothesise that blood coagulates outside the vascular system independent of low protein adsorption to or activation by surfaces, due to the absence of an active down-regulation of procoagulative processes by the vascular endothelium.
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| 12. |
- Harang, Valérie, et al.
(författare)
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A statistical experimental design to study factors affecting enantioseparation of propranolol by capillary electrophoresis with cellobiohydrolase (Cel7A) as chiral selector.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 23:14, s. 2306-2319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of rac-propranolol using cellobiohydrolase Tr Cel7A as selector was optimized by an unbiased statistical experimental design. A set of pre-experiments was performed in order to identify critical experimental factors. In the definitive chemometric design pH, ranging from 5 to 7, ionic strength ranging between 0.01 and 0.02 and organic solvent additive in concentration from 1 to 19% v/v were studied. The response surface plot revealed a separation optimum in the pH interval studied. When all parameters were taken into account, a background electrolyte consisting of 0.016 M bistris-acetate buffer with pH 6.5 and 17% v/v acetonitrile gave the optimum separation. The significance of the statistical design was confirmed by the generally good agreement obtained between predicted response and actual experimental data.
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| 13. |
- Isaksson, Marcus, 1978
(författare)
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Applications of Gaussian Noise Stability in Inapproximability and Social Choice Theory
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gaussian isoperimetric results have recently played an important role in proving fundamental results in hardness of approximation in computer science and in the study of voting schemes in social choice theory. In this thesis we prove a generalization of a Gaussian isoperimetric result by Borell and show that it implies that the majority function is optimal in Condorcet voting in the sense that it maximizes the probability that there is a single candidate which the society prefers over all other candidates. We also show that a different Gaussian isoperimetric conjecture which can be viewed as a generalization of the ''Double Bubble'' theorem implies the Plurality is Stablest conjecture and also that the Frieze-Jerrum semidefinite programming based algorithm for MAX-q-CUT achieves the optimal approximation factor assuming the Unique Games Conjecture. Both applications crucially depend on the invariance principle of Mossel, O'Donnell and Oleszkiewicz which lets us rephrase questions about noise stability of low-influential discrete functions in terms of noise stability of functions on R^n under Gaussian measure. We prove a generalization of this invariance principle needed for our applications.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Isaksson, Marcus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Maximally stable Gaussian partitions with discrete applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Israel Journal of Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0021-2172 .- 1565-8511. ; 189:1, s. 347-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaussian noise stability results have recently played an important role in proving results in hardness of approximation in computer science and in the study of voting schemes in social choice. We prove a new Gaussian noise stability result generalizing an isoperimetric result by Borell on the heat kernel and derive as applications: An optimality result for majority in the context of Condorcet voting. A proof of a conjecture on "cosmic coin tossing" for low influence functions. We also discuss a Gaussian noise stability conjecture which may be viewed as a generalization of the "Double Bubble" theorem and show that it implies: A proof of the "Plurality is Stablest Conjecture". That the Frieze-Jerrum SDP for MAX-q-CUT achieves the optimal approximation factor assuming the Unique Games Conjecture.
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| 16. |
- Isaksson, Marcus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The geometry of manipulation - A quantitative proof of the gibbard satterthwaite theorem
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 IEEE 51st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS 2010; Las Vegas, NV; 23 October 2010 through 26 October 2010. - 0272-5428. - 9780769542447 ; :Article number 5671191, s. 319-328
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove a quantitative version of the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem. We show that a uniformly chosen voter profile for a neutral social choice function f of q >= 4 alternatives and n voters will be manipulable with probability at least 10(-4)epsilon(2)n(-3)q(-30), where epsilon is the minimal statistical distance between f and the family of dictator functions. Our results extend those of [1], which were obtained for the case of 3 alternatives, and imply that the approach of masking manipulations behind computational hardness (as considered in [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]) cannot hide manipulations completely. Our proof is geometric. More specifically it extends the method of canonical paths to show that the measure of the profiles that lie on the interface of 3 or more outcomes is large. To the best of our knowledge our result is the first isoperimetric result to establish interface of more than two bodies.
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| 17. |
- Isaksson, Marcus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The geometry of manipulation - A quantitative proof of the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem
- 2012
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Ingår i: Combinatorica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0209-9683 .- 1439-6912. ; 32:2, s. 221-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove a quantitative version of the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem. We show that a uniformly chosen voter profile for a neutral social choice function f of q a parts per thousand yen 4 alternatives and n voters will be manipulable with probability at least 10(-4)a(2) n (-3) q (-30), where a is the minimal statistical distance between f and the family of dictator functions. Our results extend those of [11], which were obtained for the case of 3 alternatives, and imply that the approach of masking manipulations behind computational hardness (as considered in [4,6,9,15,7]) cannot hide manipulations completely. Our proof is geometric. More specifically it extends the method of canonical paths to show that the measure of the profiles that lie on the interface of 3 or more outcomes is large. To the best of our knowledge our result is the first isoperimetric result to establish interface of more than two bodies.
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| 18. |
- Isaksson, Marcus, 1978
(författare)
-
Topics in Hardness of Approximation and Social Choice Theory
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tools from Fourier analysis of Boolean functions have commonly been used to prove results both in hardness of approximation in computer science and in the study of voting schemes in social choice theory. In this thesis we consider various topics in both these contexts. In hardness of approximation we study the asymptotic approximation curve of MAX-CSP's for predicates given by linear threshold functions and prove upper and lower bounds for this curve for majority-like threshold functions. We also relate the hardness of MAX-q-CUT to a conjecture in Gaussian isoperimetry and the plurality is stablest conjecture in social choice. In particular the Frieze-Jerrum semidefinite programming based algorithm for MAX-q-CUT achieves the optimal approximation factor assuming the unique games conjecture if plurality is indeed stablest. In social choice theory we show a quantitative version of the Gibbard-Satterthwaite Theorem, showing that for election schemes in elections with more than 2 candidates, situations in which a voter has an incentive to manipulate by not voting according to his true preference are common enough that they cannot completely be masked behind computational hardness. We also prove a generalization of a Gaussian isoperimetric result by Borell and show that it implies that the majority function is optimal in Condorcet voting in the sense that it maximizes the probability that there is a single candidate which the society prefers over all other candidates.
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| 19. |
- Isaksson, Sofia Sterner, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a randomized cross-over study evaluating effects of carbohydrate intake on glycemic control in persons with type 1 diabetes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Diet is an important factor in managing glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Reducing carbohydrate intake may be important for stabilizing blood glucose levels in certain groups of patients with T1D. There are few studies examining the effects of a low carbohydrate diet in patients with T1D. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of carbohydrate intake on glucose control in adults with T1D. Materials and methods: Adults with T1D (N = 54) and inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%; 58 mmol/mol) were randomized in a cross-over design to a moderate carbohydrate diet (30 percent of total energy from carbohydrates) versus a traditional diabetes diet (50 percent of total energy from carbohydrates) for 4 weeks with a between wash-out period of 4 weeks. Masked continuous glucose monitoring was used throughout the study to evaluate effects on mean blood glucose levels, time-in-range, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glycemic variability. Diabetes treatment satisfaction, hypoglycemic confidence, and physical activity were measured using questionnaires during different phases of the trial. HbA1c, blood lipids, blood pressure, and ketone levels were also measured. The primary endpoint is the difference in mean blood glucose level between the diet periods. Study completion is anticipated during winter 2022. Discussion: The study seeks to increase knowledge about the effects of dietary carbohydrate intake on glycemic control and other health parameters in patients with T1D. If beneficial effects on mean blood glucose level without elevated risk of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis are shown, a moderate carbohydrate diet may be a treatment option for people with T1D that have unsatisfactory blood glucose levels. Clinical Trials Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03400618.
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| 20. |
- Isaksson, Sofia Sterner, et al.
(författare)
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Discordance between mean glucose and time in range in relation to HbA1c in individuals with type 1 diabetes: results from the GOLD and SILVER trials
- 2024
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Ingår i: DIABETOLOGIA. - : SPRINGER. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Previous studies have shown that individuals with similar mean glucose levels (MG) or percentage of time in range (TIR) may have different HbA(1c) values. The aim of this study was to further elucidate how MG and TIR are associated with HbA(1c). Methods Data from the randomised clinical GOLD trial (n=144) and the follow-up SILVER trial (n=98) of adults with type 1 diabetes followed for 2.5 years were analysed. A total of 596 paired HbA(1c)/continuous glucose monitoring measurements were included. Linear mixed-effects models were used to account for intra-individual correlations in repeated-measures data. Results In the GOLD trial, the mean age of the participants (+/- SD) was 44 +/- 13 years, 63 (44%) were female, and the mean HbA(1c) (+/- SD) was 72 +/- 9.8 mmol/mol (8.7 +/- 0.9%). When correlating MG with HbA(1c), MG explained 63% of the variation in HbA(1c) (r=0.79, p<0.001). The variation in HbA(1c) explained by MG increased to 88% (r=0.94, p value for improvement of fit <0.001) when accounting for person-to-person variation in the MG-HbA(1c) relationship. Time below range (TBR; <3.9 mmol/l), time above range (TAR) level 2 (>13.9 mmol/l) and glycaemic variability had little or no effect on the association. For a given MG and TIR, the HbA(1c) of 10% of individuals deviated by >8 mmol/mol (0.8%) from their estimated HbA(1c) based on the overall association between MG and TIR with HbA(1c). TBR and TAR level 2 significantly influenced the association between TIR and HbA(1c). At a given TIR, each 1% increase in TBR was related to a 0.6 mmol/mol lower HbA(1c) (95% CI 0.4, 0.9; p<0.001), and each 2% increase in TAR level 2 was related to a 0.4 mmol/mol higher HbA(1c) (95% CI 0.1, 0.6; p=0.003). However, neither TIR, TBR nor TAR level 2 were significantly associated with HbA(1c) when accounting for MG. Conclusions/interpretation Inter-individual variations exist between MG and HbA(1c), as well as between TIR and HbA(1c), with clinically important deviations in relatively large groups of individuals with type 1 diabetes. These results may provide important information to both healthcare providers and individuals with diabetes in terms of prognosis and when making diabetes management decisions.
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| 21. |
- Isaksson, Sofia Sterner, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nutrition education using a food-based approach, carbohydrate counting or routine care in type 1 diabetes: 12 months prospective randomized trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bmj Open Diabetes Research & Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Evidence on the effects of structured nutrition education is weak in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) with moderately impaired glycemic control. Objective was to compare the effects of different types of nutrition education programs on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, diet quality and food choices in T1D. Research design and methods A 12 months randomized controlled study conducted at nine diabetes specialist centers with three parallel arms: (i) a food-based approach (FBA) including foods with low glycemic index or (ii) carbohydrate counting (CC) according to today's standard practice or (iii) individual sessions according to routine care (RC). The primary end point was difference in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between groups at 12 months. Results 159 patients were randomized (FBA: 51; CC: 52; RC: 55). Mean (SD) age 48.6 (12.0) years, 57.9% females and mean (SD) HbA1c level 63.9 (7.9) mmol/mol, 8% (0.7%). After 3 months, HbA1c improved in both FBA and CC compared with RC. However, there were no significant differences at 12 months in HbA1c; FBA versus RC (-0.4 mmol/mol (1.3), 0.04% (0.1%)), CC versus RC (-0.8 mmol/mol (1.2), 0.1% (0.1%)), FBA versus CC (0.4 mmol/mol (0.3), 0.04% (0.01%)). At 12 months, intake of legumes, nuts and vegetables was improved in FBA versus CC and RC. FBA also reported higher intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats compared with RC, and dietary fiber, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats compared with CC (all p values <0.05). There were no differences in blood pressure levels, lipids, body weight or quality of life. Conclusions Nutrition education using an FBA, CC or RC is equivalent in terms of HbA1c and cardiovascular risk factors in persons with T1D with moderately impaired glycemic control. An FBA had benefits regarding food choices compared with CC and RC.
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| 22. |
- Isaksson, Sofia Sterner, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of carbohydrate intake on glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, crossover trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE. - 2666-7762. ; 37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Few studies have examined the effects of lower carbohydrate diets on glucose control in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The objective of the study was to investigate whether a moderate carbohydrate diet improves glucose control in persons with T1D. Methods A randomised, multicentre, open -label, crossover trial over 12 weeks. There were 69 individuals assessed for eligibility, 54 adults with T1D and HbA1c >= 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) were randomised. Interventions were moderate carbohydrate diet versus traditional diet (30 vs 50% of total energy from carbohydrates) over four weeks, with a four -week wash -out period between treatments. Masked continuous glucose monitoring was used to evaluate effects on glucose control. The primary endpoint was the difference in mean glucose levels between the last 14 days of each diet phase. Findings 50 individuals were included in the full analysis set with a mean baseline HbA1c of 69 mmol/mol (8.4%), BMI 29 kg/m2, age of 48 years, and 50% were female. The difference in mean glucose levels between moderate carbohydrate and traditional diet was -0.6 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.9 to -0.3, p < 0.001. Time in range increased during moderate carbohydrate diet by 4.7% (68 min/24 h) (95% CI 1.3 to 8.0), p = 0.008. Time above range (>10 mmol/L) decreased by 5.9% (85 min/24 h), 95% CI -9.6 to -2.2, p = 0.003. There were no significant differences in the standard deviation of glucose levels (95% CI -0.3 to 0.0 mmol/L, p = 0.15) or hypoglycaemia in the range <3.9 mmol/ L (95% CI -0.4 to 2.9%, p = 0.13) and <3.0 mmol/L (95% CI -0.4 to 1.6%, p = 0.26). Four participants withdrew, none because of adverse events. There were no serious adverse events including severe hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis. Mean ketone levels were 0.17 (SD 0.14) mmol/L during traditional and 0.18 (SD 0.13) mmol/L during moderate carbohydrate diet (p = 0.02). Interpretation A moderate carbohydrate diet is associated with decreases in mean glucose levels and time above range and increases in time in range without increased risk of hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis compared with a traditional diet in individuals with T1D. Funding The Healthcare Board, Region Vastra Gotaland, The Dr P Hakansson Foundation and the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement [ALFGBG966173].
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| 23. |
- Jimenez, Raul, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Smartphones in Spotify's Peer-Assisted Music Streaming Service
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spotify is a large-scale peer-assisted music streaming service. Spotify’s P2P network serves 80% of music data to desktop clients. On the other hand, the rapidly growing number of mobile clients do not use P2P but instead stream all data from Spotify’s servers.We enable P2P on a Spotify mobile client and empirically eval- uate the impact of P2P protocols (in particular low-bandwidth traffic between peers) on energy consumption, both on 3G andWifi. On 3G, current P2P protocols are highly energy inefficient, but simple modifications bring consumption close to the client-server configuration. On Wifi, the extra energy cost of enabling P2P is much lower.Finally, we propose a protocol modification to further integrate mobile devices in Spotify’s P2P network according to their capa- bilities (power source, access network). This allows us to break the artificial division between desktop and mobile platforms and dynamically adapt as resources become (un)available to the device.
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| 24. |
- Kazimierczuk, Krzysztof, et al.
(författare)
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Resolution enhancement in NMR spectra by deconvolution with compressed sensing reconstruction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 56, s. 14585-14588
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NMR spectroscopy is one of the basic tools for molecular structure elucidation. Unfortunately, the resolution of the spectra is often limited by inter-nuclear couplings. The existing workarounds often alleviate the problem by trading it for another deficiency, such as spectral artefacts or difficult sample preparation and, thus, are rarely used. We suggest an approach using the coupling deconvolution in the framework of compressed sensing (CS) spectra processing that leads to a major increase in resolution, sensitivity, and overall quality of NUS reconstruction. A new mathematical description of the decoupling by deconvolution explains the effects of thermal noise and reveals a relation with the underlying assumption of the CS. The gain in resolution and sensitivity for challenging molecular systems is demonstrated for the key HNCA experiment used for protein backbone assignment applied to two large proteins: intrinsically disordered 441-residue Tau and a 509-residue globular bacteriophytochrome fragment. The approach will be valuable in a multitude of chemistry applications, where NMR experiments are compromised by the homonuclear scalar coupling. This journal is
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| 25. |
- King, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19—a very visible pandemic
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 396:10248, s. 15-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Larsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Project: Design for Fabrication
- 2006
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The conceptual design phase is the perhaps most important phase, determining most functions and cost of the forthcoming product. Knowing that the concepts to a large extend also sets the manufacturing conditions; it is critical to take manufacturing process information into account in earliest possible stages.
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| 27. |
- Larsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: Regelbaserad projektering för trävolymbyggande
- 2010
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syfte Byggföretag inom industriellt trävolymbyggande behöver effektivisera sitt projekteringsarbete för att öka sin konkurrenskraft på byggmarknaden. Idag sker projekteringen ofta ostrukturerat och byggsystemet utvecklas på ett sätt som försvårar återanvändning och kontroll, vilket leder till onödiga produktionskostnader. För att kunna återanvända information från tidigare projekt krävs en strukturerad informationshantering så att informationen blir tillgänglig för alla samtidigt som personberoendet minskas. I detta projekt studeras hur knowledge-based engineering (KBE) och liknande kunskapsintensiva metoder (t ex Case-based reasoning) kan bidra till nya arbetssätt och ny informationsstruktur för trävolymbyggnad som ett alternativ till att införa nya programvaror.
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| 28. |
- Lockowandt, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of production and transgene expression of a retrogradely transported pseudotyped lentiviral vector
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0270. ; 336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To target specific neuronal populations by gene transfer is challenging. A complicating fact is that populations of neurons may have opposing roles despite being found adjacent to each other. One example is the medium spiny neurons of the striatum. These cells have different projection patterns, a trait used in this study to specifically target one population. New Method: Here we present a way of labeling and further studying neurons based on their projections. This was achieved by pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with a chimeric glycoprotein allowing for retrograde transport in combination with optimizing the promoter element used. Results: We transduced on average 4000 neurons of the direct pathway in the striatum, with the viral vector allowing for microscopy and miRNA immunoprecipitation. In addition, we were able to optimize vector production, reducing the time and material used. Comparison with existing method: The optimized protocol is more reproducible compared to previously published protocols. Alternative methods to study specific populations of neurons are transgenic animals or, if available, specific promoter elements. However, very specific promoter elements are rarely available and often large, limiting the usefulness in viral vectors. Our optimized retrograde vectors allow for selection based on neuronal projections and are therefore independent of such elements. Conclusion: We have developed a method that allows for specific analysis of neuronal subpopulations in the brain either by microscopy or by biochemical methods e.g. immunoprecipitation. This method is simple to use and can be combined with transgenic animals for studying disease models.
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| 29. |
- Quintino, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Destabilizing Domains Enable Long-Term and Inert Regulation of GDNF Expression in the Brain
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2329-0501. ; 11, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulation of therapeutic transgene expression can increase the safety of gene therapy interventions, especially when targeting critical organs such as the brain. Although several gene expression systems have been described, none of the current systems has the required safety profile for clinical applications. Our group has previously adapted a system for novel gene regulation based on the destabilizing domain degron technology to successfully regulate glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor in the brain (GDNF-F-DD). In the present study, we used GDNF-F-DD as a proof-of-principle molecule to fully characterize DD regulation in the brain. Our results indicate that DD could be regulated in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GDNF-F-DD could also be induced in vivo repeatedly, without loss of activity or efficacy in vivo. Finally, DD regulation was able to be sustained for 24 weeks without loss of expression or any overt toxicity. The present study shows that DD has great potential to regulate gene expression in the brain.
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| 30. |
- Sandberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A knowledge-based master model approach exemplified with jet engine structural design
- 2017
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Ingår i: Computers in Industry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-3615 .- 1872-6194. ; 85, s. 31-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful product development requires the consideration of multiple engineering disciplines and the quantification of tradeoffs among conflicting objectives from the very early design phases. The single-largest challenge to do so is the lack of detailed design information. A possible remedy of this issue is knowledge-based engineering. This paper presents a knowledge-based master model approach that enables the management of concurrent design and analysis models within different engineering disciplines in relation to the same governing product definition. The approach is exemplified on an early phase structural design of a turbo-fan jet engine. The model allows geometric-, structural mechanics- and rotor-dynamic- models to be concurrently integrated into a multi-disciplinary design and optimization loop. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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| 31. |
- Sandberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A knowledge-based master-model approach with application to rotating machinery design
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Concurrent Engineering - Research and Applications. - : Sage Science Press (UK). - 1063-293X .- 1531-2003. ; 19:4, s. 295-305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel rotating machinery design concepts and architectures are being explored to reduce mass, energy consumption, manufacturing costs, and environmental impact while increasing performance. As component manufacturers supply parts to original equipment manufacturers, it is desirable to design the components using a systems approach so that they are optimized for system-level performance. To accomplish that, suppliers must be able to model and predict the behavior of the whole machinery. Traditional computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering master-modeling approaches enable manual changes to be propagated to linked models. Novel knowledge-based master-modeling approaches enable automated coordination of multidisciplinary analyses. In this article, we present a specific implementation of such a knowledge-based master-modeling approach that facilitates multidisciplinary design optimization of rotating machinery. The master-model (MM) approach promotes the existence of a single governing version of the product definition as well as operating scenarios. Rules, scripts, and macros link the MM to domain-specific models. A simple yet illustrative industry application is presented, where rotor-dynamics and displacement analyses are performed to evaluate relocation alternatives for the rear bearing position of a rotating machinery under a ‘fan-blade-off’ load case.
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| 32. |
- Sandberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A knowledge-based master modeling approach to system analysis and design
- 2011
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Ingår i: Impacting society through engineering design. - : Design Research Society. - 9781904670247 ; , s. 347-356
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The jet engine industry relies on product models for early design predictions of attributes such as structural behavior, mass and cost. When the required analysis models are not linked to the governing product model, effective coordination of design changes is a challenge, making design space exploration time-consuming. Master modeling (MM) approaches can help alleviate such analysis overhead; the MM concept has its origins in the computer-aided design (CAD) community, and mandates that manual changes in one model automatically propagate to assembly, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) models within the CAD platform. Knowledge-based master models can also be used to communicate changes in the product definition to models that are external to the CAD platform. This paper presents details of the knowledge-based master modeling approach as applied to mechanical jet engine analysis and design, where different fidelity models and analysis tools are supported in the early design stages.
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| 33. |
- Sandberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
A master-model approach to whole jet engine analysis and design optimization
- 2009
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel jet engine concepts and architectures are being explored to reduce mass, fuel consumption, development cost and environmental impact while increasing performance. Although the engine systems development process of the next generation aero engines takes place at the original equipment manufacturer level, component manufacturers need to optimize their components using an integrated engine system design approach. Therefore, they need the capability to model and simulate whole engine behavior. While modeling and simulation are traditional strengths of the aerospace industry, model integration of the whole engine system and its components, as well as between separate disciplines, is still a relatively weak link. This paper presents a master-model approach that facilitates integrated analysis used in design optimization. The master-model approach promotes the existence of a single governing version of the product definition, including associated versions of loads, materials, interfaces, constraints etc. A simple yet illustrative industry application is presented where dynamics and displacement analysis are performed using the master model and a parameter study is performed to find an optimal design. The presented scenario investigates the impact of changing the bearing position of the turbine rear frame of a turbo-fan engine considering the load case of a “fan blade off” event.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Schmidt, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive analysis of human gene expression profiles identifies stromal immunoglobulin kappa C as a compatible prognostic marker in human solid tumors
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 18:9, s. 2695-2703
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:Although the central role of the immune system for tumor prognosis is generally accepted a single robust marker is not yet available.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:Based on ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analyses robust markers were identified from a 60 gene B-cell derived metagene and analyzed in gene expression profiles of 1810 breast cancer, 1056 non-small cell lung cancer, 513 colorectal and 426 ovarian cancer patients. Protein and RNA levels were examined in paraffin embedded tissue of 330 breast cancer patients. The cell types were identified using immunohistochemical co-staining and confocal fluorescence microscopy.RESULTS:We identified immunoglobulin kappa C (IGKC) which as a single marker is similarly predictive and prognostic as the entire B-cell metagene. IGKC was consistently associated with metastasis free survival across different molecular subtypes in node-negative breast cancer (n=965) and predicted response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=845) [P less than 0.001]. In addition, IGKC gene expression was prognostic in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. No association was observed in ovarian cancer. IGKC protein expression was significantly associated with survival in paraffin embedded tissues of 330 breast cancer patients. Tumor infiltrating plasma cells were identified as the source of IGKC expressionCONCLUSION:Our findings provide IGKC as a novel diagnostic marker for risk stratification in human cancer and support concepts to exploit the humoral immune response for anti-cancer therapy. It could be validated in several independent cohorts and performed similarly well in RNA from fresh frozen as well as from paraffin tissue and on protein level by immunostaining.
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| 36. |
- Sterner Isaksson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of carbohydrate intake on glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, crossover trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. - 2666-7762. ; 37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have examined the effects of lower carbohydrate diets on glucose control in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The objective of the study was to investigate whether a moderate carbohydrate diet improves glucose control in persons with T1D. Methods: A randomised, multicentre, open-label, crossover trial over 12 weeks. There were 69 individuals assessed for eligibility, 54 adults with T1D and HbA1c ≥ 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) were randomised. Interventions were moderate carbohydrate diet versus traditional diet (30 vs 50% of total energy from carbohydrates) over four weeks, with a four-week wash-out period between treatments. Masked continuous glucose monitoring was used to evaluate effects on glucose control. The primary endpoint was the difference in mean glucose levels between the last 14 days of each diet phase. Findings: 50 individuals were included in the full analysis set with a mean baseline HbA1c of 69 mmol/mol (8.4%), BMI 29 kg/m2, age of 48 years, and 50% were female. The difference in mean glucose levels between moderate carbohydrate and traditional diet was −0.6 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.9 to −0.3, p < 0.001. Time in range increased during moderate carbohydrate diet by 4.7% (68 min/24 h) (95% CI 1.3 to 8.0), p = 0.008. Time above range (>10 mmol/L) decreased by 5.9% (85 min/24 h), 95% CI −9.6 to −2.2, p = 0.003. There were no significant differences in the standard deviation of glucose levels (95% CI −0.3 to 0.0 mmol/L, p = 0.15) or hypoglycaemia in the range <3.9 mmol/L (95% CI −0.4 to 2.9%, p = 0.13) and <3.0 mmol/L (95% CI −0.4 to 1.6%, p = 0.26). Four participants withdrew, none because of adverse events. There were no serious adverse events including severe hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis. Mean ketone levels were 0.17 (SD 0.14) mmol/L during traditional and 0.18 (SD 0.13) mmol/L during moderate carbohydrate diet (p = 0.02). Interpretation: A moderate carbohydrate diet is associated with decreases in mean glucose levels and time above range and increases in time in range without increased risk of hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis compared with a traditional diet in individuals with T1D. Funding: The Healthcare Board, Region Västra Götaland, The Dr P Håkansson Foundation and the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement [ALFGBG-966173].
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Tyapin, Ilya, et al.
(författare)
-
Jet engine design optimization using knowledge-based master models
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proccedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012. - : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 9780791844731 ; , s. 41-47
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a preliminary design optimization study of a jet engine structure using a knowledge-based master modeling approach. The objective function is derived based on input-output relationships of a cost-performance model, where specific fuel consumption, pressure loss and direct cost are considered. The advantage of this problem formulation is that it entails a single composite objective function that takes into account mass, structural characteristics, dynamic response and translates them to a direct operational cost function to be minimized. A fan-blade-off scenario is considered as the loading case in this paper. The loss of one fan blade during nominal operation causes a rotor imbalance and structural deformation.
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| 39. |
- Zhang, B., et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding user behavior in Spotify
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM. - 9781467359467 ; , s. 220-224
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spotify is a peer-assisted music streaming service that has gained worldwide popularity in the past few years. Until now, little has been published about user behavior in such services. In this paper, we study the user behavior in Spotify by analyzing a massive dataset collected between 2010 and 2011. Firstly, we investigate the system dynamics including session arrival patterns, playback arrival patterns, and daily variation of session length. Secondly, we analyze individual user behavior on both multiple and single devices. Our analysis reveals the favorite times of day for Spotify users. We also show the correlations between both the length and the downtime of successive user sessions on single devices. In particular, we conduct the first analysis of the device-switching behavior of a massive user base.
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| 40. |
- Öhman, Lena, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal microbiota dynamics during disease activity and remission in newly diagnosed and established ulcerative colitis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an altered gut microbiota composition, but the microbial relationship to disease activity needs to be further elucidated. Therefore, temporal dynamics of the fecal microbial community during remission and flare was determined. Fecal samples were collected at 2-6 time-points from UC patients during established disease (cohort EST) and at diagnosis (cohort NEW). Sampling range for cohort EST was 3-10 months and for cohort NEW 36 months. Relapses were monitored for an additional three years for cohort EST. Microbial composition was assessed by Genetic Analysis GA-map Dysbiosis Test, targeting >= 300 bacteria. Eighteen patients in cohort EST (8 with maintained remission and 10 experiencing a flare), provided 71 fecal samples. In cohort NEW, 13 patients provided 49 fecal samples. The microbial composition showed no clustering related to disease activity in any cohort. Microbial dissimilarity was higher between than within patients for both cohorts, irrespective of presence of a flare. Microbial stability within patients was constant over time with no major shift in overall composition nor modification in the abundance of any specific species. Microbial composition was not affected by intensified medical treatment or linked to future disease course. Thus in UC, the gut microbiota is highly stable irrespective of disease stage, disease activity or treatment escalation. This suggests that prolonged dietary interventions or repeated fecal transplantations are needed to be able to induce permanent alterations of the gut microbiota.
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