| 1. |
- Backe, Björn, 1978-
(författare)
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An Integrated Development Approach for Monitoring and Simulation to Predict Functional Product Availability
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For nearly two decades, business models such as Functional Products have been in focus within research and of interest in the manufacturing industry. Functional product offers consist of hardware, software, service -support systems and management of operation which, when developed in an integrated manner, together provide the customer with an agreed-upon function with a specified level of availability. Compared to product-oriented sales, this type of business model can provide added value to customers, usually through an increase in the service content. Due to the total care commitment, offering Functional Products requires management of reliability and maintainability in order to meet the availability requirement of the function provided. The development of the Functional Product must include holistic analysis and prediction of the functional product availability performance to reduce technical and economic risks and ensure that the function is delivered according to contract. The research performed in this thesis presents an integrated development approach for monitoring and simulation to predict functional product availability. It is shown how the constituents of a functional product can be modelled in an integrated manner in order to simulate and predict functional product availability. A part of this modelling strategy is demonstrated through a simulation case example to show that is possible through this approach to evaluate the availability of different functional product designs. To support the development of the monitoring capability needed for availability simulations it is shown how it is possible to develop fault detection and diagnosis methods for fault detection systems based on data stream management systems. It is also shown how data stream forecasting can be used to predict failures due to faults occurring at short notice. Different fault detection methods have been developed, tested and evaluated on real industrial applications to verify applicability as queries on data streams, managed by data stream management systems. The results from these tests have been evaluated for their predictive performance and detection accuracy. Finally, methodological and technological approaches to monitoring and analysis in functional product development and similar business models to functional products are reviewed. The results showed that few research contributions address the information perspective in functional product development and similar business models holistically. The integrated development approach presented is a pragmatic approach to functional product development which is based on the merged research results of the papers included and knowledge domain presented.
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| 2. |
- Björk, Annette
(författare)
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Stödjande gemenskap : Utveckling och utvärdering av en intervention för livsstilsförändring bland vuxna med adhd
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The entire project revolves around a lifestyle intervention that has been developed, implemented and evaluated. The intervention included adults with ADHD and comorbid mental illness. ADHD (Attention Deficiency Hyperactive Disorder) is a neuropsychiatric diagnosis/disability characterized by attention problems, impulsivity and hyperactivity and can affect education, working life, social relationships and form the basis for impaired lifestyle habits. Previous research shows shortened life expectancy in adults with ADHD, which related to deteriorating lifestyle habits. In the long run, the disability may be the basis for impaired living conditions and lifestyle habits and contribute to the individual's well-being and quality of life. In the field of health sciences, it is important to alleviate suffering, promote health and prevent ill health. Thus, the overall aim of this dissertation is to analyze living conditions among people with ADHD and mental illness, as well as to develop and evaluate a lifestyle intervention for this group.The PhD project includes four sub-studies: Study I, a qualitative interview study (n = 20) of adults with ADHD and mental illness, aimed at describing experiences of everyday suffering in this group. The analysis showed experiences of both suffering and well-being in living with ADHD. The focus of the suffering was the experience of loneliness, both regarding relationships in life, relationships in health care, but also to ADHD diagnosis and mental illness. Well-being was experienced when diagnosed with ADHD but also in relation to supportive social relationships. Study II, a quantitative descriptive and comparative study, aimed to gain more knowledge about people withADHD and their health situation. One group of people with ADHD (n = 48)was compared to the normal population without ADHD (n = 42). The results showed poorer health outcomes regarding self-perceived general health and the group with ADHD was less weekly physical active but nevertheless had no decreased aerobic fitness compared to the normal population. Study III, aquantitative descriptive study (n = 25), aimed to examine the degree of acceptance of the intervention and its impact on lifestyle habits, health and well-being, MBI and physical fitness. The tests before and after completing intervention showed small positive effects regarding weekly physical activity, quality of life and general- and mental health. Study IV, a qualitative study(n = 15), with adults with ADHD and comorbid mental illness aimed to investigate the experience of participating in a nurse-led lifestyle intervention. The analysis, based on material from interviews, showed that the participants perceived the intervention as supportive, which is related to the interpersonal relationships that arose in the intervention. Through supportive kindship with the other participants in the intervention, lifestyle habits and health experience were improved.The conclusion of the thesis is that the lifestyle intervention, based on interpersonal relationships and supported kindship, can be useful for making lifestyle changes in adults with ADHD and mental illness. Such support is important because adults with ADHD and mental illness experience a lack of and a desire for social support and has an increased risk of deteriorating health and unhealthy lifestyles. However, future adjustments to the content of the intervention must be made to improve the lifestyle intervention towards more sustainable lifestyle changes. Above all, the lifestyle intervention ought to be continuous. It is also of great importance for further research that insider perspective is used, that is, investigate the professionals' experiences regarding the intervention.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dahlén, Leon, et al.
(författare)
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Vegetable and synthetic hydraulic fluids to improve the overall efficiency of a hydrostatic transmission
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Synthetic Lubrication. - : Wiley. - 0265-6582 .- 1557-6841. ; 17:4, s. 263-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the investigation reported here was to determine whether or not a hydrostatic transmission can act as an alternative to a conventional one, and, if so, to ascertain to what extent the fluid type contributes to an improvement in the efficiency of the hydrostatic transmission. The results presented in this paper are derived from an experimental field test of the hydrostatic transmission of a belt conveyor. This belt conveyor is one part in an ore-transport line at LKAB mining company in Kiruna. The hydrostatic transmission replaced a conventional transmission consisting of an electric motor, a belt drive and a gearbox. The hydrostatic transmission was operated using three different hydraulic fluids: Shell Tellus TX 68, a conventional mineral oil; Mobil SHC 526, a synthetic fluid; and Binol Hydrap II, a vegetable fluid. All fluids have the same ISO viscosity grade, VG 68. The measurements on the transmission show a 3% overall efficiency improvement when using vegetable and synthetic hydraulic fluids compared with the mineral oil. The current at the start of the transmission was reduced by a factor of 6, compared to that of the conventional transmission. The installed 110 kW electric motor was replaced with one of 55 kW. The test also showed that a closer study of all operating conditions, and a selection of components suited to the size of the load, can improve the overall efficiency of the hydrostatic transmission.
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| 5. |
- Forshammar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study of colonic B cell pattern in irritable bowel syndrome
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 43:12, s. 1461-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Low-grade gastrointestinal inflammation has been reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the colonic B-cell pattern has not been investigated in these patients. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the distribution and isotype of immunoglobulin-producing B cells in the colonic mucosa of IBS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with IBS (n=12) fulfilling the Rome II criteria were compared with controls (n=11). Immunohistochemical staining of biopsies from the sigmoid and ascending colon was performed. RESULTS: The number of IgA(+) B cells in the ascending colon was lower in IBS patients than in controls (p=0.039). Furthermore, unlike controls, IBS patients had a reduction of IgA(+) B cells in the ascending colon relative to the sigmoid colon (p=0.04). Neither the IgG(+), nor the IgM(+) colonic B-cell numbers differed between IBS patients and controls. Very few colonic IgE(+) cells were detected and there was no difference between the two subject groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced number of colonic IgA(+) B cells in IBS patients suggests that the disorder may be associated with a modified gut immune defence. Whether this phenomenon is causally related to symptoms remains unknown and merits further investigation in a larger group of patients.
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| 6. |
- Isaksson, Helén, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of splinting times on the healing of intra-alveolar root fractures in 512 permanent teeth in humans : A Scandinavian multicenter study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dental Traumatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1600-4469 .- 1600-9657. ; 37:5, s. 672-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/AimLong-term splinting of teeth with intra-alveolar root fractures has been considered important for the deposition of hard tissue between the root fragments. The aim of this study was to compare the healing outcomes in teeth with intra-alveolar root fractures relative to splinting times in three dental centers in Scandinavia, using historical data.Materials and methodsA total of 512 maxillary and mandibular incisors from three dental trauma centers were included in the study. Two of the centers used long-term splinting protocols of two to three months while the other center used a short-term splinting protocol of one month or less. Three outcomes were evaluated: (1) Healing with hard tissue (dentin and/or cementum). (2) Healing with connective tissue (periodontal ligament) interposition with or without bone between the fragments. (3) Non-healing due to the coronal pulp being necrotic and infected with granulation tissue interposed between the fragments.ResultsThe mean splinting times were 18, 81, and 110 days in the three centers. Long-term splinting resulted in hard tissue healing more frequently than short-term splinting. Short-term splinting resulted in more connective tissue/bony healing than long-term splinting, while there was no difference in the frequency of non-healing between long-term and short-term splinting protocols.ConclusionsWhile the results suggest that long-term splinting favors hard tissue deposition, one cannot, however, conclude that long-term splinting definitely favors hard tissue healing since the treatment protocols were not randomized among the three centers. More clinical studies on the role of splinting time need to be done.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Ove
(författare)
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Hydraulik
- 1989
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Isaksson, Ove
(författare)
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Measurement of the influence of sliding velocity on oil film thickness in an elastohydrodynamic point contact
- 1991
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Ingår i: Lubrication Science. - : Wiley. - 0954-0075 .- 1557-6833. ; 4:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments have been carried out to measure the film thickness between a sapphire disc and a polished steel ball when slippage is permitted between the two surfaces. The velocity sum of the two surfaces was kept constant during the measurements. The method used to determine the oil film thickness in the contact zone is optical interferometry. It was observed that the change in minimum film thickness was slight. When the sliding velocity was increased, the decrease in central film thickness was considerably larger than that of the minimum film thickness. In addition, the two side lobes, in which the minimum film thickness area occurs, were observed to become flatter as the sliding velocity was increased
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| 16. |
- Isaksson, Ove
(författare)
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Numerical analysis of elastohydrodynamic contacts using power-law lubricant with special reference to water-based hydraulic fluids
- 1987
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Ingår i: ASLE transactions. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0569-8197. ; 30:4, s. 501-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A numerical solution of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication problem for pure rolling with non-Newtonian lubricants is outlined. The non-Newtonian rheological model used is a modified power-law tau equals K multiplied by (times) gamma **n. At low shear rate gamma less than gamma //b, the lubricant is Newtonian, but when gamma greater than gamma //b the lubricant becomes non-Newtonian, tau equals K multiplied by (times) gamma **n. At high shear rate ( gamma yields infinity ) the lubricant becomes Newtonian again with the same viscosity as the base lubricant. By using this rheological model a modified Reynolds' equation is derived. The influence of the n-value and gamma //b on the film thickness has been investigated. Plots of the pressure distribution and film thickness within the contact for fluids with G-values in the range 169-986 is presented. These G-values are typical for water-based hydraulic fluids. For fluids with low n-values (n less than 0. 5) the pressure profile approaches the Hertzian pressure distribution and the minimum film thickness is that given by the base fluid viscosity.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Isaksson, Ove
(författare)
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Particle counter and neural network used to detect sliding wear and pitting in a radial hydraulic motor
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fluid Power. - : River Publishers. - 1439-9776 .- 2332-1180. ; 11:2, s. 5-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A particle counter was used to detect sliding wear and pitting in a low-speed hydraulic motor. The features used by a neural network were accumulated mass, number of particles and time above threshold. The diagnostic tool was experimentally evaluated by collecting data from a test rig running under heavy-duty conditions in a laboratory.Accumulated time above a threshold value seems to be an adequate feature to detect severe damage to a low speed motor at constant operating conditions. Using a neural network to combine the three features gives earlier and more reliable detection of which wear mode is prevailing than when only using the features singly.
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| 19. |
- Isaksson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Performance improvement under boundary lubrication conditions using slider bearings with silicon nitride/steel in high torque hydraulic motors
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of tribology. - : ASME International. - 0742-4787 .- 1528-8897. ; 122:1, s. 348-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of materials and surface topography on static and dynamic coefficients of friction was experimentally investigated in a test apparatus under boundary and mixed lubrication conditions. Specimen materials were gray iron and silicon nitride (Si3N4) of different surface topographies, sliding against chromium steel at a maximum Hertzian line contact pressure of 50 MPa. The lubricant was a standard mineral-based hydraulic fluid (ISO VG 68) held at +40°C or -28°C. The static and dynamic coefficients of friction under boundary lubrication conditions were both significantly reduced by the change from grey iron to silicon nitride as sliding material against Cr-steel, while the lowest static friction with Si3N4 was found for an intermediate surface roughness.
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| 20. |
- Isaksson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure-viscosity coefficient of a refrigerant-oil mixture : [Coefficient pression-viscositéd'un mélange frigorigène-huile]
- 1993
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Ingår i: International journal of refrigeration. - 0140-7007 .- 1879-2081. ; 16:2, s. 139-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A coaxial cylinder viscosimeter has been used to determine the pressure-viscosity coefficient of a pure refrigeration oil and of a mixture of refrigerant and oil at gauge pressures up to 15 MPa. The test fluid, Gargoyle Arctic oil 300, is a naphthenic-base oil. The refrigerant was R22, chlorodifluoromethane, which is a commercially important refrigerant. In a gap apparatus the refrigerant-oil mixture has been visually inspected at different pressures. Two different mechanisms are involved in the refrigerant-oil mixture: the change in solubility with pressure and the change in viscosity with refrigerant concentration. If the mixture is pressurized with excess refrigerant available then the concentration of refrigerant will increase with increasing pressure and therefore the viscosity will decrease. If the concentration is kept at a constant level then the viscosity will increase with pressure. The results from the cylinder viscosimeter showed that the viscosity increase with pressure for the mixture was almost the same as for the pure oil
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Isaksson, Ove
(författare)
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Rheology for water-based hydraulic fluids
- 1987
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 115:1-2, s. 3-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High water-based hydraulic fluids with slightly higher viscosities than water, for instance 95-5 emulsions and micro-emulsions, do not show any significant deviation from a Newtonian fluid. Adding polymeric viscosity improvers for the purpose of increasing the viscosity will be successful as long as the shear rate is low. However, as the shear rate is increased, higher than about 10**3 s** minus **1, the viscosity will decrease and the advantage of the improver will vanish. The shear rate available was too low to break down the viscosity improvers. This is shown by the fact that the shear stress curve is reversible. Non-Newtonian fluids approach a more Newtonian behavior when the temperature is increased. The viscosity increase with pressure is much lower for water-based fluids than for a mineral oil. The pressure coefficient is about 10 times higher for mineral oils. The pressure coefficient increases if the water content of a water-based fluid is reduced.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Isaksson, Ove
(författare)
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Rheology of jet fuel contaminated hydraulic fluid
- 1988
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The viscosity at different pressures, temperatures and shear rates has been investigated. Furthermore, traction measurements between a steel ball and steel plate have been carried out. The results are compared with theoretical predictions. A decrease in oil film thickness due to viscosity loss has been established for fluids containing jet fuel. The pressure-viscosity-coefficient, the viscosity increase with pressure, is not effected by adding jet fuel to the hydraulic fluid.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Isaksson, Ove
(författare)
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Water-based hydraulic fluids : rheology and elastohydrodynamic lubrication
- 1986
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experiments have been carried out to measure traction, antiwear and rheological properties of water-based hydraulic fluids. Four types of fluids have been examined, emulsions, micro-emulsions, synthetic solutions and water-glycols. A numerical solution of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication problem for pure rolling with non-Newtonian lubricants is also outlined. The non-Newtonian rheological model used is a power-law, ... Non-Newtonian behaviour has been established for fluids with polymeric viscosity improvers. These non-Newtonian effects are less pronounced at high temperatures. The surface charge for emulsion droplets increases the viscosity considerably but on the other hand ionic contaminations decrease the viscosity. The viscosity increase with pressure is much lower for water-based fluids than for mineral oils. For fluids with low n-values (n < 0.5) the pressure profile in elastohydrodynamic contacts approaches the Hertzian pressure distribution and the minimum film thickness will be that given by the base fluid viscosity. The wear-rate is lowest for those fluids having the highest pressureviscosity coefficient along with a Newtonian behaviour. The water-glycols give low traction coefficients but will not prevent wear at high loads. There is a decrease in both wear rate and traction for emulsions having a less pronounced droplet stability. The same improvement is reached using micro-emulsions, with smaller droplets.
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| 29. |
- Lasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal Calprotectin Levels Predict the Clinical Course in Patients With New Onset of Ulcerative Colitis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - 1078-0998. ; 19:3, s. 576-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unpredictable. During recent years, the ability of fecal biomarkers to predict relapse in inflammatory bowel disease has been evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess fecal calprotectin (FC) as a predictor of disease recurrence in patients with new onset of UC. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients were included. After the initial treatment, patients were followed up after 3 months and then yearly for 3 years. The prognostic role of FC 3 months after the initial therapy was evaluated. RESULTS: The FC levels 3 months after the diagnosis were higher in patients experiencing a relapsing disease course compared with those with a mild disease course during 1 year (median, 263; interquartile range [IQR], 100-634 μg/g versus median, 102; IQR, 38-225 μg/g; P = 0.009) and 3 years of follow-up (median, 280; IQR, 102-622 μg/g versus median, 118; IQR, 39-219 μg/g; P = 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves using calprotectin to predict a relapsing disease course during 1 year and 3 years were 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.82) and 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.83), respectively. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, a FC level >262 μg/g was associated with an increased risk of a relapsing disease course during the study period (P = 0.003). In logistic regression analysis, only FC and age were found to be independent predictors of having a relapsing disease course. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of FC 3 months after the initial therapy in patients with new onset of UC predict the disease course over the following years, and they are of value in the clinical management of these patients.
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| 30. |
- Lasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal calprotectin one year after ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease - A comparison with findings at ileocolonoscopy.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & colitis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1876-4479 .- 1873-9946. ; 8:8, s. 789-795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease is commonly performed. The severity of endoscopic lesions in the anastomotic area one year postoperatively is considered to reflect the subsequent clinical course. Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been shown to correlate with the findings at ileocolonoscopy in Crohn's disease. The objectives of this study were to assess whether the concentration of FC reflects the endoscopic findings one year after ileocaecal resection and to evaluate the variation of FC in individual patients during 6months prior to the ileocolonoscopy.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Löfstrand, Magnus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A process modelling and simulation approach for business decision support in pre-conceptual product design
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Product Development. - Bucks, United Kingdom : InderScience Publishers. - 1477-9056 .- 1741-8178. ; 12:2, s. 158-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper discusses creation of a support tool (SIMULINK model) for collaborative work process modelling and optimisation based on Simulation Driven Design (SDD). The purpose is to improve the studied company's ability to develop hardware-based services in an early concept stage, and to predict performance of a given service scenario before development. The approach is useful as a decision-support tool in evaluating and prioritising business offers and activities in the business offer process. The modelling and simulation approach minimises the cost of each concept and allows simulation of a number of different concepts before the actual work is carried out
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| 35. |
- Marti Bigorra, Anna, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Aspect-based Kano categorization
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Information Management. - : Elsevier. - 0268-4012 .- 1873-4707. ; 46, s. 163-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Customers commonly share opinions and experiences about products via the internet by means of social media and networking sites. The generated textual data is often analysed by means of Sentiment Analysis (SA) as means to assess customer opinions on product features more efficiently than through surveys. To enable a more objective product target setting, the impact of product feature performance changes on customer satisfaction is essential. Kano et al. (1984) presented a survey-based model to classify product features based on their impact on customer satisfaction to aid designers in their product target setting. Approaches extending the Kano model rely on customer surveys as input data. In addition, existing studies classifying extracted product features from textual data (e.g. product reviews) rarely provide a clear separation in terms of Kano categories. Thus, the impact of identified product features on customer satisfaction remains unknown to product designers. This paper presents a methodology for autonomously classifying extracted aspects from textual data into Kano categories. For verification purposes, two examples using coffee machine and smartphone user reviews are presented. Results indicate that the proposed methodology efficiently provides product designers with insightful customer information through the proposed aspect categorization.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Marti Bigorra, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Combining customer needs and the customer’s way of using the product to set customer-focused targets in the House of Quality
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 55:8, s. 2320-2335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing number of products are equipped with software and sensors. This suggests that, in order to deliver more customised performance, future products will be developed to accommodate systems that supply information on how these products are used. Today, information on the customer’s way of using a product is seldom factored into product design, but the opportunities for making use of it are increasing dramatically due to the amount of available data that can be logged. The proposed methodology is to formulate Customer Needs at a detailed level to be able to link customer satisfaction with a clear interface to the Design Requirements. These links are obtained by combining information acquired by means of surveys, among other methodologies, as well as usage data from customer products. The method is based on the planning House of Quality and also takes cost and risk into consideration. Risk is estimated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process, whereby a hierarchy of the most relevant customer information is constructed to make designers aware of how customer-focused the design process is. To validate the proposed methodology an illustrative example is presented. Results show that the method provides valuable information that enables the company to remain customer-focused during the whole process but also when strategic decisions on price and product launch are made.
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| 38. |
- Martí Bigorra, Anna, 1990-
(författare)
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Customer Data in the Design Process with Focus on Customer Neds and Way of using the Product
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Owing to continuous advances in information technology, access to information via the Internet and the steady decline of cost related to data creation, big amounts of customer data now reside in many companies. This data is said to hold a large amount of valuable knowledge that could be used to design customer-focused products, a key factor for maintaining market-share. Information overload hinders the search for knowledge and, therefore, it is a challenge for companies to identify what is relevant to analyse. Different approaches based on data mining tools of web-based customer data have been shown to be useful for gaining customer insight. However, this information is not properly factored into the target setting process. Many improvements in modelling the relation between product performance and customer satisfaction during the target setting have been presented. However, these still rely on customer information obtained from traditional gathering techniques such as questionnaires, which do not provide enough valuable and deep customer information; therefore, designers are forced to make assumptions. While some studies highlight the potential of customer data as an aid to designing future product generations, they do not provide enough details on how such information should be processed to generate valuable information for the designers. By taking advantage of the generated customer data, this work aims to increase the reliability of the design decisions on product specifications by reducing the existing gap between the customer and the designer world. To do so, customer information from different sources such as surveys and usage data have been combined to model customer satisfaction as a function of design requirements. In this process, customer needs are defined at a detailed level to be able to link customer satisfaction with a clear interface to the design requirements. By means of usage data, customer-product interaction in the customer environment is investigated, and differences between designer assumptions and customer picture are calculated towards the target fulfilment indicator. Results show that the work presented helps designers to set targets towards a higher customer focus, since customer needs and way of using the product become visible in the process. This allows the design team not only to identify differences among customers but also the possibility to detect changes in customer needs. The target fulfilment indicator acts as a feedback channel for continuous product improvement, allowing designers to validate their decisions. Since the voice of the customer drives the process, the presented approaches guide the design team towards the most relevant customer data, thus streamlining the design process in a situation where the amount of information rapidly increases.
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| 39. |
- Marti Bigorra, Anna, 1990-
(författare)
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Customer-focused data-driven target setting
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To develop products through a customer-centric strategy, early stages of product development such as target setting play an important role. In the target setting stage Customer Needs (CN) are gathered and translated into Design Requirements (DR) in order to subsequently set product targets that fit cost constraints and at the same time result in high Customer Satisfaction (CS). Continuous advances in information technology create new opportunities for companies to gather information about the customer, for example, for marketing purposes, or to assess customer reactions after the launch of new products. In addition, products are becoming complex systems that are successively equipped with more software and sensors offering opportunities for collecting data on how they are used. Knowing how customers use the product enhances a company’s ability to segment customers and customize products.Despite customer information availability from different sources (sensors, social media, etc.), surveys and focus groups are considered today as the main data source to derive the set of CN statements during target setting. Further, the team’s interpretation of CNs, which are often described in abstract language, must be translated into DRs, which are described in a more technical language. Hence, the translation process of CNs into DRs is said to be subjective. To set product targets, CS sensitivity to changes in DR levels is also considered. Surveys and benchmarking data containing customer perceptions on competitors’ performance are often the main customer data input into the process. While insightful information may be obtained, surveys are costly and time consuming and only encompass a small part of the market population.The research presented in this doctoral thesis explores how customer information obtained from sensors (e.g. product usage data) and text data (e.g. from websites, open-survey questionnaires) can be factored in the target setting process before concept generation to enhance customer focus without compromising product development time. The aim is to increase designers’ awareness of target population and in turn increase the quality of the design decisions on product targets. For this purpose, a customer-focused data-driven target setting methodology is proposed. The presented methodology changes the actual target setting methodology by means of indicators and autonomous activities on those parts of the process where marketing or design decisions are needed. The proposed methodology gives the incentive for a more integrated product development where marketing and designers need to work closely. This further allows a sustainable customer information gathering strategy that strives for missing customer information that is required for setting product targets. The indicators act as feedback channels for continuous product improvement. The use of such indicators and autonomous activities highlights the potential of a more efficient, less subjective and higher-quality target setting process.
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| 40. |
- Marti Bigorra, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of customer-product interaction into Quality Function Deployment
- 2016
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Ingår i: ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791850190
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Customer satisfaction is used by many companies as a keyperformance indicator and it is strategically important to be ableto define design requirements that contribute to customer satisfaction when setting targets. For highly complex products such as vehicles, target setting is an evolving process based on continually changing internal and external requirements. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method that provides a structured approach for incorporating customer needs into the product development process. However, in addition to product targets, product usage proficiency also contributes to customer satisfaction. Customers often do not read manuals; they learn by trying things out and sometimes the use of the product ends up outside the expected acceptable range of the designers, delivering to the customer low product performance. The intention of this article is therefore to gain a deeper understanding of the customer by analyzing customer-product interaction of customer products and integrating it into QFD to identify the most interesting design requirements to improve customer satisfaction when developing products that are comparable to the ones launched in the market. The proposed method facilitates designer awareness of target population before re-designing an existing product and it helps designers to set a starting point to improve usage proficency for each customer by providing individualized feedback.
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| 41. |
- Marti Bigorra, Anna, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-autonomous methodology to validate and update customer needs database through text data analytics
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Information Management. - : Elsevier. - 0268-4012 .- 1873-4707. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop highly competitive products, companies need to understand customer needs (CNs) by effectively gathering and analysing customer data. With the advances in Information Technology, customer data comes not only from surveys and focus groups but also from social media and networking sites. Few studies have focused on developing algorithms that are devised exclusively to help to understand customer needs from big opinion data. Topic mining, aspect-based sentiment analysis and word embedding are some of the techniques adopted to identify CNs from text data. However, most of them do not consider the possibility that part of the customer data analysed is already known by companies. With the aim to continuously enhance company understanding of CNs, this paper presents an autonomous methodology for automatically classifying a set of text data (customer sentences) as referring to known or unknown CN statements by the company. For verification purposes, an example regarding a set of customer answers from an open survey questionnaire regarding the climate system of a car is illustrated. Results indicate that the proposed methodology helps companies to validate and update the customer need database with an average of 90 % precision and 60 % recall.
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| 42. |
- Olausson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of gastric emptying by radiopaque markers in patients with diabetes: correlation with scintigraphy and upper gastrointestinal symptoms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925. ; 25:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Scintigraphy, the gold standard to measure gastric emptying, is expensive and not widely available. Therefore, we compared emptying of radiopaque markers (ROM) from the stomach, by use of fluoroscopy, with scintigraphy in patients with insulin-treated diabetes. Methods On the same day we measured gastric emptying of 20 ROM using fluoroscopy and scintigraphic emptying of a standard solid meal. The subjects also completed a validated gastrointestinal (GI) symptom questionnaire. Key Results We included 115 patients with insulin-treated diabetes (median age 53, range 21–69 years; 59 women). A moderately strong correlation was demonstrated between scintigraphic (% retained at 2 h) and ROM emptying (markers retained at 6 h) (r = 0.47; P < 0.0001). Eighty-three patients had delayed gastric emptying with scintigraphy, whereas only 29 patients had delayed emptying of ROM. Of the 29 patients with delayed emptying of ROM, 28 also had delayed scintigraphic emptying. The sensitivity and specificity of the ROM test was 34% and 97%, respectively. Significant correlations were only noted between scintigraphic gastric emptying and GI symptom severity, with the strongest correlations for fullness/early satiety (r = 0.34; P < 0.001) and nausea/vomiting (r = 0.30; P < 0.001). Conclusions & Inferences A gastric emptying test with ROM is a widely available screening method to detect delayed gastric emptying in patients with diabetes, where a positive result seems reliable. However, a normal ROM test does not exclude delayed gastric emptying, and if the clinical suspicion of gastroparesis remains, scintigraphy should be performed. Results from scintigraphy also correlate with GI symptom severity, which ROM test did not.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Tuomas, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Compressibility of oil/refrigerant lubricants in elasto-hydrodynamic contacts
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of tribology. - : ASME International. - 0742-4787 .- 1528-8897. ; 128:1, s. 218-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-pressure chamber is used to study lubricant compressibility when refrigeration oil is diluted by refrigerant. The tested lubricant in this work is a POE (polyol ester) oil, POE diluted with nonchlorinated (HFC) refrigerant R-134a, a naphthenic mineral oil, and the mineral oil diluted with the chlorinated (HCFC) refrigerant R-22. The high-pressure chamber experiments show that by adding 20 wt% of R-134a to the polyol ester oil, the stiffness of the lubricant increases by approximately 38 wt% at 1 GPa and is much higher than for R-22 and mineral oil.
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| 45. |
- Tuomas, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of lubrication conditions in a rolling element bearing in a refrigerant environment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. - : Emerald. - 0036-8792 .- 1758-5775. ; 61:2-3, s. 91-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The ability to build up a film thickness separating the contacts in the bearing is essential to assure long service life of rolling element bearings. Rolling element bearings used in refrigeration suffer from poor film thickness due to decreased viscosity of the lubricant by the dilution of refrigerant in the oil. The purpose of this paper is to redesign a bearing test apparatus equipped with a capacitance measuring device able to monitor the lubrication status in the bearing online and include experiments to verify the capacitance measuring technique. Design/methodology/approach - The objective is to design a complete system to study film build up in rolling element bearings in a refrigerant environment and to use and evaluate the capacitance/resistance measuring technique.Findings - The investigation shows good correlation between denting on tested bearings and the identified contacts by the capacitance measuring apparatus. The method is also useful when studying lift-off or run-in of a bearing.Originality/value - in this paper, a bearing test apparatus is redesigned and equipped with a capacitance measuring device
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| 46. |
- Tuomas, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of phosphate additives on the lubrication of rolling element bearings in a refrigerant environment
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of refrigeration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-7007 .- 1879-2081. ; 30:1, s. 28-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorine free replacement refrigerants, HFC (hydrofluorocarbons) and HC (hydrocarbons), have shown less lubricating properties. Phosphate based additives were used to improve the lubricity with refrigerant R-134a, demonstrating positive effects. In the present paper, the ability to form lubricating film and wear of two additives, phosphate ester and acid phosphate, was investigated in a bearing test apparatus. The results show that phosphate additive in polyolester oil, in an R-134a environment, increases the lubricating film and reduce wear. Surface topography during the initial run-in changes to a more favorable profile with lower RMS angle and longer wavelengths that promote load-carrying capacity and film build-up.
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| 47. |
- Westman, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Hydraulic components contribution to total power losses and acceleration of an open loop system with long hose
- 2004
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Ingår i: IMECE 2004. - 0791847101 ; , s. 243-250
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is concerned with forest logging machinery. A great deal of final felling in cut-to-length method done by harvester, which fells, delimbs and cuts the trees to pre-selected lengths. Two important criteria of a harvester head are that it has to be energy efficient and it has to be as fast as possible. To minimize losses in hydraulic systems the main demand is to reduce pressure losses in high power valves and outer components as much as possible. Each orifice in the flow path results in power losses. This work is an experimental study on power losses and acceleration of hydraulic motor in a system with long hoses. Main hydraulic components included are hydraulic pump, cartridge valve, pipe line and hydraulic motor. The results show that pre-activating the pump improves the system speed. To reduce losses, optimization of valve block, cartridge valve orifices are needed. Accumulators are favourable if combined with high stand-by pressure.
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| 48. |
- Åström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Video recordings of an EHD point contact lubricated with grease
- 1991
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 24:3, s. 179-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical interferometry has been used to study the film thickness of an EHD point contact lubricated with grease. The greases used were two lithium, two lithium complex and two sodium greases, all with NLGI grade two, the most common grade. They were based on one mineral oil of naphthenic type and one synthetic polyalphaolefin. The contact was lubricated without a continuous supply of grease and thus the film thickness decreased with time as the grease was gradually squeezed away from the contact area. The film thickness fluctuated during the measurement. To overcome this problem, the contact point was recorded with a video camera and the results evaluated after the tests. The video camera proved to be a powerful help in this evaluation. The tests were run at 20°C and under pure rolling conditions at a rolling velocity of 0.055 m s-1. The results from all greases showed a decreasing film thickness that tended to stabilize on about 0.2 μm after 40 cycles. The lithium and lithium complex greases showed strong local film thickness variations inside the lubricated contact, deviating from the normally horseshoe-shaped contact, during the first 20 to 40 cycles.
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| 49. |
- Öhman, Lena, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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T-cell activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The American journal of gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1572-0241 .- 0002-9270. ; 104:5, s. 1205-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been found to be associated with low-grade immune activation in a subset of patients. We therefore investigated blood and colonic T-cell activity in IBS patients. METHODS: Blood samples were initially obtained from 74 IBS patients and 30 controls. Supplementary blood samples, to confirm data, were taken from another cohort (26 patients and 14 controls). In addition, colonic biopsies were taken from a third cohort (11 patients and 10 controls). Peripheral blood and colonic mononuclear cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Proliferation, cytokine secretion, and T-cell phenotype were investigated. IBS symptom severity was assessed. RESULTS: IBS patients displayed an activated phenotype with increased frequencies of blood T cells expressing CD69 and integrin beta7/HLA-DR. Anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated blood and colonic T cells from IBS patients proliferated less than T cells from controls. IBS patients had an increased polyclonally stimulated T-cell secretion of IL-1beta, which also weakly correlated with increased bowel habit dissatisfaction. Furthermore, despite normal frequencies of CD25high T cells in the blood of IBS patients, lower blood CD25high T-cell frequencies were modestly correlated with more bowel habit dissatisfaction and increased total IBS symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: IBS patients have an increased frequency of activated T cells, demonstrated by the expression of activation markers and reduced proliferation in response to restimulation in vitro. The increased level of T-cell activation is consistent with the hypothesis of low-grade immune activation in IBS and may also be involved in symptom generation in IBS.
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