| 1. |
- Evropeytsev, E. A., et al.
(författare)
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Structural properties and vertical transport in ZnSe/CdSe superlattices grown on an In0.3Ga0.7As metamorphic buffer layer
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 13 NO 7-9. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. ; , s. 503-506
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the growth by molecular-beam epitaxy of short-period ZnSe/ CdSe superlattices (SLs) on an In0.3Ga0.7As metamorphic buffer layer. Such SLs are considered as a promising material for a wide band-gap photoactive p-n junction in a hybrid monolithic Ge/InxGa1-xAs/In-y(Al,Ga)(1-y)As/II-VI solar cell. Lattice-matching of the SLs to the In0.3Ga0.7As layer is confirmed by X-ray diffractometry. Vertical transport of photoexcited carriers is investigated by means of both steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence techniques in heterostructures containing the ZnSe/CdSe SL with an enlarged quantum well (EQW). Characteristic times of the carrier transport across the SL towards EQW are evaluated in the temperature range 120-300 K. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH amp; Co.
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| 2. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable laser spectroscopy of spin injection in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe quantum structures
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 81:12, s. 2196-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magneto-optical spectroscopy in combination with tunable laser excitation is employed to study exciton spin alignment and injection in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe quantum structures. This approach enables us to selectively create preferred spin orientation and to separately monitor subsequent spin injection from individual spin states, thus shedding light on a possible source of spin loss. It is shown that the limited spin polarization in a nonmagnetic quantum well due to spin injection from a ZnMnSe-based diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) is not caused by a limited degree of spin alignment in the DMS, which is in fact complete, but rather occurs during subsequent processes.
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| 3. |
- Buyanova, Irina A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of momentum relaxation on exciton spin dynamics in diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnMnSe CdSe superlattices
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 71:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- cw hot photoluminescence (PL) complemented by transient PL measurements is employed to evaluate momentum and spin relaxation of heavy hole (HH) excitons in ZnMnSe CdSe superlattices. The rate of acoustic-phonon assisted momentum relaxation is concluded to be comparable to the total rate of exciton decay processes, about (2-3) × 1010 s-1, independent of applied magnetic fields. In magnetic fields when the Zeeman splitting ? of the exciton states is below the energy of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon (?LO), a surprisingly strong suppression of spin relaxation rate from the bottom of the upper spin band is observed, which becomes comparable to that of momentum scattering via acoustic phonons. On the other hand, dramatic acceleration of the spin relaxation process by more than one order of magnitude is found for the excitons with a high momentum K. The findings are interpreted as being due to electron and hole spin flip processes via exchange interaction with isolated Mn2+ ions. Experimental evidence for the efficient interaction between the hot excitons and Mn impurities is also provided by the observation of spin flip transitions within Mn2+ - Mn2+ pairs that accompany the momentum relaxation of the hot HH excitons. In higher magnetic fields ?= ?LO, abrupt shortening of the spin flip time is observed. It indicates involvement of a new and more efficient spin relaxation process and is attributed to direct LO-assisted exciton spin relaxation with a subpicosecond spin relaxation time. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
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| 4. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Control of spin functionality in ZnMnSe-based structures : Spin switching versus spin alignment
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 82:11, s. 1700-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of attaining desired spin functionality by adjusting structural design is demonstrated in diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum structures based on II-VI semiconductors. The following spin enabling functions are achieved by tuning the ratio between the rates of exciton spin relaxation within the DMS and exciton escape from it to an adjacent nonmagnetic spin detector. Spin switching is realized when using a thin layer of Zn0.95Mn0.05Se as a spin manipulator and is attributed to a fast exciton escape from the DMS preceding the spin relaxation. Spin alignment is accomplished in tunneling structures where the presence of an energy barrier inserted between a spin manipulator (a DMS-based superlattice) and a spin detector ensures a slow escape rate from the DMS layer.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Exciton Spin Manipulation in ZnMnSe-Based Structures
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strong effect of structural design on spin functionality is observed in quantum structures based on II-VI semiconductors. Spin switching is realized when using a thin layer of Zn0.95Mn0.05Se diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) as a spin manipulator. This is evident from the polarization of photoluminescence related to a spin detector (an adjacent nonmagnetic quantum well (QW)) measured under the resonant excitation of the spin-up and spin-down states of the DMS, which is identical in value but opposite in sign. The achieved spin switching is suggested to reflect fast carrier diffusion from the DMS due to the absence of an energy barrier between the upper spin state of the DMS layer and the QW. On the other hand, the spin alignment is accomplished in the tunneling structures where the presence of the energy barrier inserted between a spin manipulator (i.e., a ZnMnSe/CdSe DMS superlattice) and a spin detector ensures a slow escape rate from the DMS layer.
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| 8. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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On the spin injection in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe heterostructures
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from a detailed study of spin injection in thin II-VI wide band gap semiconductor heterostructures by magnetooptical spectroscopy. It is shown that efficient spin alignment can be achieved in a diluted magnetic semiconductor barrier (a layer of ZnMnSe or ZnMnSe/CdSe superlattice) as thin as 10 nm. Rather efficient spin injection from such a thin spin aligner to a non-magnetic quantum well is demonstrated, even when the tunneling energy barrier is as thick as 10 nm. The effect of spin relaxation process on spin injection is also closely examined.
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| 9. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Resonant suppression of exciton spin relaxation in Zn0.96Mn0.04Se/CdSe superlattices
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 93:10, s. 7352-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin relaxation processes in strained Zn0.96Mn0.04Se/CdSe superlattices are studied in detail by using hot photoluminescence combined with tunable excitation spectroscopy. A drastic enhancement in occupation of the upper-lying |+1/2,-3/2> state of the heavy-hole excitons is observed when excitation photon energy is resonantly tuned near an integer number of the LO phonon energy above the |+1/2,-3/2> state. Assuming the Boltzmann distribution between the excitonic states, the spin temperature of the excitons is deduced to be as high as 85 K, well above the lattice temperature of 2 K. The observed behavior provides experimental evidence for a surprisingly strong suppression of spin relaxation from the upper spin-split excitonic branch for small values of wave vector.
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| 10. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Transient Spectroscopy of Optical Spin Injection in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe Quantum Structures
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Superconductivity. - Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, vol. 18 : Springer. - 0896-1107 .- 1572-9605.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show, by time-resolved magneto-photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy in combination with selective laser excitation, that optical polarization of the ZnCdSe spin detector induced by spin injection from the ZnMnSe spin injector persists over a much longer time scale than the lifetime of the ZnMnSe excitons. This finding provides compelling experimental evidence that the dominant mechanism for the observed spin injection in the ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe structures should not be due to injection of the excitonic spins of the diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS). It is rather due to e.g. a delayed spin injection arising from tunneling of individual carriers or/and trapped spins in ZnMnSe.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Chen, Weimin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient spin depolarization in ZnCdSe spin detector : an important factor limiting optical spin injection efficiency in ZnMnSe/CdZnSe spin light-emitting structures
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 85, s. 5260-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin depolarization of a ZnCdSe quantum-well spin detector (SD) in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe light-emitting quantum structures is investigated by cw and time-resolved optical orientation spectroscopy. It is shown that spin depolarization is governed by three distinct spin relaxation processes with the corresponding polarization decay times of 850, 30, and <10 ps. The dominant and the fastest process is attributed to spin relaxation accompanying energy relaxation of hot excitons (and hot carriers) within the SD, providing evidence that it can be an important source of spin loss, leading to the observed limited efficiency of optical spin injection in the structures.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ivanov, S.V., et al.
(författare)
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MBE growth and properties of bulk BeCdSe alloys and digital (BeSe : CdSe)/ZnSe quantum wells
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 214, s. 109-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report for the first time on MBE growth, structural and optical properties of single layers, quantum well structures and short-period superlattices based on BexCd1-xSe ternary alloys on GaAs. Both the conventional MBE growth mode and the sub-monolayer digital alloying technique (SDA) have been employed for the fabrication of the structures. Compositional boundaries of an instability region 0.03 < x < 0.38, calculated in a regular solution approximation for the completely coherent system, agree well with available experimental data. A suppression of the phase separation in BeCdSe by elastic stress in the layer, accompanied by a strong reduction of the Cd incorporation coefficient has been found. Ultrathin 2.8 ML BeCdSe SDA QWs with x approx. 0.15 demonstrate about an order of magnitude increase in the PL intensity with respect to the pure CdSe one, probably resulting from an enhanced carrier localization efficiency. Eg as a function of the Be content reveals a strong bowing in optical data, which allows one to consider BeCdSe alloys with compositions nearly lattice-matched to GaAs as potential materials for the active region of blue-green lasers.
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| 15. |
- Kyutt, R N, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray diffraction determination of the interface structure of CdSe/BeTe superlattices
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : Iop Publishing Ltd. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 36:10A, s. A166-A171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural study of CdSe/BeTe superlattices (SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate was performed by using double and triple crystal x-ray diffractometry. The period of the studied structures was about 5 nm, while the thickness of thin CdSe insertions varied from 0.4 to 1.5 monolayer. It is shown that new Be-Se bonds arise at the BeTe-CdSe interfaces in addition to the Be-Se bonds expected at the CdSe-BeTe interfaces. From the analysis of the diffraction curves of 002-reflection the complex composition of interfaces and thin insertions has been determined and contribution of all types of bonds in each SL period calculated. The diffraction curves of 004-reflection were used for the specification of the fine structure of the interfaces.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Terentev, Ya. V., et al.
(författare)
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Semimagnetic ZnMnSe/CdSe Fractional Monolayer Superlattice as an Injector of Spin-Polarized Carriers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 229:2, s. 765-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on effective injection of spin-oriented carriers from a semimagnetic semiconductor structure to a non-magnetic ZnCdSe/ZnSe quantum well (QW). A short-period ZnMnSe/CdSe fractional monolayer superlattice was used as a spin injector. The carriers are photo-generated in the semimagnetic region, spin-polarized via the effect of giant Zeeman splitting and then injected into the non-magnetic QW. The spin injection efficiency was estimated by circular polarization measurements of recombination emission from the QW. The maximal detected degree of the spin polarization is about 25%.
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| 19. |
- Toropov, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Coexistence of type-I and type-II band lineups in Cd(Te,Se)/ZnSe quantum-dot structures
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 89:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors report on transmission electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, and time resolved photoluminescence studies of thin Cd(Te,Se) layers in a ZnSe matrix, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. All observations confirm strain-induced self-assembly of quantum dots (QD's), induced primarily by the 14% lattice mismatch between CdTe and ZnSe. The emission spectrum of the structure is the superposition of a relatively narrow luminescence line originating from CdSe-enriched type-I QD's and a broad band attributed to the emission of an ultrathin ZnTeSe/ZnSe layer with type-II band lineup, formed in between the QD's. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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| 20. |
- Toropov, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Density-dependent dynamics of exciton magnetic polarons in ZnMnSe/ZnSSe type-II quantum wells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : APS. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 73:24, s. 245335-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on time-resolved photoluminescence studies of exciton dynamics in a ZnMnSe/ZnSSe type-II quantum well. Strong separation of the electrons, confined to the nonmagnetic semiconductor ZnSSe, and holes, confined to the diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnMnSe, results in an exciton lifetime exceeding 3 ns. Two excitonic emission lines are observed in this structure at low temperatures. The lower-energy line was associated with the formation of an exciton magnetic polaron (EMP), whereas the higher-energy line was attributed to the emission of nonmagnetically localized excitons. The intensity of the EMP line was found to saturate at a relatively low density of photoexcited carriers well below the exciton Mott density. This behavior evidences a limited density of sites where the hole localization radius is small enough to ensure the fast formation of EMP's with a noticeable binding energy. © 2006 The American Physical Society.
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| 21. |
- Toropov, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of excitons near the mobility edge in CdSe/ZnSe superlattices
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 214, s. 806-809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics properties of hot excitons near the effective excitonic mobility edge are investigated in a CdSe/ZnSe superlattice structure where thermalized luminescence of localized excitons is strongly suppressed due to tunneling towards the attached deeper ZnCdSe quantum well. Time-resolved selective-excitation luminescence measurements reveal a rather complicated relaxation behavior involving fast (20-30 ps) acoustical-phonon-assisted selective occupation of states located close to the mobility edge.
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| 22. |
- Toropov, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Exciton magnetic polarons in a type II ZnMnSe/ZnSSe superlattice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi (c)Special Issue: 11th International Conference on II–VI Compounds (II–VI 2003)Volume 1, Issue 4. - physica status solidi (c), Vol. 1, Issue 4 : WileyVCH. ; , s. 847-850
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a time-resolved experimental study of excitonic magnetic polaron (EMP) dynamics in type II quantum wells ZnMnSe/ZnSSe. Two photoluminescence peaks were observed, which reflects coexistence of localized excitons and EMPs in the same sample. This was possible due to the competition of two localization mechanisms - magnetic localization of heavy holes in the ZnMnSe layers and non-magnetic localization of electrons in the ZnSSe layers.
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| 23. |
- Toropov, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Excitons as a probe of interface morphology in Cd(Zn)Se/ZnSe heterostructures
- 2000
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 166:1, s. 278-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present studies of the excitonic spectrum in superlattices (SLs) of CdSe insertions in a ZnSe matrix aimed at elucidating the CdSe/ZnSe interface morphology. The experimental photoluminescence excitation spectra are compared with the results of variational exciton calculations performed within the effective mass approximation. The shape of the average vertical (along the SL growth axis) distribution of CdSe within each insertion, used in the calculations, was obtained from a theoretical simulation of X-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking curves measured in the same samples. The results indicate that the thinnest layers are graded composition ZnCdSe quantum wells (QWs), generally homogeneous in the layer planes, whereas flat islands enriched by Cd appear at the CdSe nominal thickness larger than 0.5-0.6 monolayer (ML).
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| 24. |
- Toropov, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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III-V/II-VI heterovalent double quantum wells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 243:4, s. 819-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on design, fabrication by molecular beam epitaxy, and photoluminescence (PL) studies of III-V/II-VI heterovalent structures containing a GaAs/AlGaAs/ZnSe/ZnCdMnSe double quantum well (QW). The studies of temperature-dependent and time-resolved PL have provided an insight into the nature of the exciton localization potential induced by the heterovalent interface. It is found that under the resonant conditions the observed emission mostly originates from the recombination of excitons confined in type II quantum-dot-like structures, where the holes are localised within the GaAs QW due to the well width fluctuations and the electrons are localized in the plane of the ZnCdMnSe QW due to the fluctuations of the conduction band offset at the heterovalent interface, induced by random variation of the interface microscopic structure. © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,.
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| 25. |
- Toropov, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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InAs/Zn(Mn)Te/Cd(Mn)Se pseudomorphic quantum well structures for spintronic applications
- 2004
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Ingår i: 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds,2003. - : WileyVCH. ; , s. 704-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zn(Mn)Te/Cd(Mn)Se quantum well heterostructures have been grown pseudomorphically on InAs(001) substrates using original InAs surface preparation techniques. The structures demonstrated bright PL in the 1-1.3 eV range and the effect of giant Zeeman splitting in the external magnetic field.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Toropov, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Magneto-photoluminescence studies of Cd(Mn)Se/Zn(Mn)Se diluted magnetic nanostructures
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physica. E, Low-Dimensional systems and nanostructures. - 1386-9477 .- 1873-1759. ; 10:1-3, s. 362-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on cw and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies of Cd(Mn)Se/Zn(Mn)Se diluted magnetic semiconductor nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Excitonic PL intensity, decay time and Zeeman splitting have been studied systematically as a function of Cd(Mn)Se nominal thickness, Mn concentration and sample design. Wave function mapping has been performed, evidencing the formation of semi-magnetic quantum disk islands in the samples with thick enough Cd(Mn)Se insertions. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 28. |
- Toropov, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Magneto-photoluminescence studies of diluted magnetic semiconductor type-II quantum wells ZnMnSe/ZnSSe
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Superlattices, Nano-structures and Nano-devices ICSNN 2002 o-structures and Nano-devices ICSNN 2002. ; , s. 352-354
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magneto-photoluminescence (PL) has been studied in type II Zn1-xMnxSe/ZnSySe1-y multiple quantum wells (QWs) with the Mn content x between 0.03 and 0.15. Two PL lines are observed in the samples with x equal to 0.05 and 0.15. The lines are attributed to the excitons of two different types, coexisting in the QWs. At least one of them is associated with the formation of an exciton magnetic polaron. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Toropov, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetooptical studies of CdSe/(Zn,Mn)Se semimagnetic nanostructures
- 2000
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Ingår i: 8th International Symposium Nanostructures: Physics Technology,2000. - : Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center. ; , s. 440-443
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conclusion the performed magneto-PL measurements exhibit fonrmation of 0D excitons in CdSe/(Zn,Mn)Se nanostructures. The excitonic states forming the inhomogeneously broadened emission band differ both in their energy (due to fluctuations in the sizes and compositions among the localization sites) and in magnetic properties (most probably, due to the effect of Mn ions clustering in the nearby regions). The structure potential for spin-related optoelectronic applications is demonstrated, owing to almost complete circular polarization of the emitted light within the wide spectral range (about 1OO meV) at moderate magnetic fields.
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| 30. |
- Toropov, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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ZnMnSe/ZnSSe Type-II semimagnetic superlattices : Growth and magnetoluminescence properties
- 2002
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Ingår i: Semiconductors (Woodbury, N.Y.). - : Pleiades Publishing Ltd. - 1063-7826 .- 1090-6479. ; 36:11, s. 1288-1293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A ZnSSe/ZnMnSe type-II semimagnetic superlattice was pseudomorphically grown via molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs substrate. The superlattice-layer thicknesses and compositions were chosen so that compressive strains in the ZnMnSe layer compensated tensile strains in the ZnSSe layer. The photoluminescence spectra in an external magnetic field demonstrate the effect of giant Zeeman splitting of an exciton. Simulation of the luminescence-line shift in a magnetic field allowed us to determine more accurately the band offsets at the ZnSSe/ZnMnSe interface.
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| 31. |
- Valakh, M.Ya., et al.
(författare)
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Optical investigation of CdSe/ZnSe quantum nanostructures
- 2002
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Ingår i: Semiconductor Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0268-1242 .- 1361-6641. ; 17:2, s. 173-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used resonant and non-resonant Raman scattering as well as photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence experiments to study the structure and composition properties of CdxZn1-xSe formed by migration enhanced epitaxy of CdSe layers on ZnSe buffers. The spectral change of the photoluminescence maximum correlates with the increase of the Cd content, depending on the nominal CdSe thickness in the 1.5-3.0 ML range. The inhomogeneous broadening of the photoluminescence band is caused by the composition difference between the two-dimensional mixed CdxZn1-xSe layer and the inserted islands with larger Cd concentration. This is confirmed by phonon frequency changes in resonant Raman scattering for samples with different nominal CdSe thicknesses as well as in Stokes and anti-Stokes frequency changes observed in the 1.5 ML sample. Attention is paid to the role of defects on Raman scattering and photoluminescence for the 3.15 ML sample.
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| 32. |
- Abelev, B., et al.
(författare)
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Charged jet cross sections and properties in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 91:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The differential charged jet cross sections, jet fragmentation distributions, and jet shapes are measured in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed from charged particle momenta in the midrapidity region using the sequential recombination k(T) and anti-k(T) as well as the SISCone jet finding algorithms with several resolution parameters in the range R = 0.2-0.6. Differential jet production cross sections measured with the three jet finders are in agreement in the transverse momentum (p(T)) interval 20 < p(T)(jet,ch) < 100 GeV/c. They are also consistent with prior measurements carried out at the LHC by the ATLAS Collaboration. The jet charged particle multiplicity rises monotonically with increasing jet p(T), in qualitative agreement with prior observations at lower energies. The transverse profiles of leading jets are investigated using radial momentum density distributions as well as distributions of the average radius containing 80% (< R-80 >) of the reconstructed jet p(T). The fragmentation of leading jets with R = 0.4 using scaled p(T) spectra of the jet constituents is studied. The measurements are compared to model calculations from event generators (PYTHIA, PHOJET, HERWIG). The measured radial density distributions and < R-80 > distributions are well described by the PYTHIA model (tune Perugia-2011). The fragmentation distributions are better described by HERWIG.
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| 33. |
- Abelev, B., et al.
(författare)
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Production of Sigma (1385)(+/-) and Xi (1530)(0) in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of the strange and double-strange baryon resonances (Sigma (1385)(+/-), Xi (1530)(0)) has been measured at mid-rapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5) in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. Transverse momentum spectra for inelastic collisions are compared to QCD-inspired models, which in general underpredict the data. A search for the phi (1860) pentaquark, decaying in the Xi pi channel, has been carried out but no evidence is seen.
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| 34. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in high-energy muon scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 78:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single hadron azimuthal asymmetries of positive and negative hadrons produced in muon semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons are determined using the 2006 COMPASS data and also combined all deuteron COMPASS data. For each hadron charge, the dependence of the azimuthal asymmetry on the hadron azimuthal angle f is obtained by means of a fiveparameter fitting function that besides a f-independent term includes four modulations predicted by theory: sin f, sin 2f, sin 3f and cos f. The amplitudes of the five terms have been extracted, first, for the hadrons in the whole available kinematic region. In further fits, performed for hadrons from a restricted kinematic region, the f-dependence is determined as a function of one of three variables (Bjorken-x, fractional energy of virtual photon taken by the outgoing hadron and hadron transverse momentum), while disregarding the others. Except thef-independent term, all themodulation amplitudes are very small, and no clear kinematic dependence could be observed within experimental uncertainties.
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| 35. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Final COMPASS results on the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g(1)(d) and the Bjorken sum rule
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 769, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Final results are presented from the inclusive measurement of deep-inelastic polarised-muon scattering on longitudinally polarised deuterons using a 6LiD target. The data were taken at 160 GeV beam energy and the results are shown for the kinematic range 1 (GeV/c)2 < Q2 < 100 (GeV/c)2 in photon virtuality, 0.004 < x < 0.7 in the Bjorken scaling variable and W > 4GeV/c2 in the mass of the hadronic final state. The deuteron double-spin asymmetry A(1)(d) and the deuteron longitudinal-spin structure function g(1)(d) are presented in bins of x and Q2. Towards lowest accessible values of x, g(1)(d) decreases and becomes consistent with zero within uncertainties. The presented final g(1)(p) values together with the recently published final g(1)(p) values of COMPASS are used to again evaluate the Bjorken sum rule and perform the QCD fit to the g1 world data at next-to-leading order of the strong coupling constant. In both cases, changes in central values of the resulting numbers are well within statistical uncertainties. The flavour singlet axial charge a0, which is identified in the MS renormalisation scheme with the total contribution of quark helicities to the nucleon spin, is extracted at next-to-leading order accuracy from only the COMPASS deuteron data: a0(Q2 = 3 (GeV/c)2) = 0.32 +/- 0.02stat +/- 0.04syst +/- 0.05evol. Together with the recent results on the proton spin structure function g(1)(p), the results on g(1)(d) constitute the COMPASS legacy on the measurements of g1 through inclusive spin-dependent deep inelastic scattering.
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| 36. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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First measurement of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons using SIDIS data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 772, s. 854-864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sivers function describes the correlation between the transverse spin of a nucleon and the transverse motion of its partons. For quarks, it was studied in previous measurements of the azimuthal asymmetry of hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of leptons off transversely polarised nucleon targets, and it was found to be non-zero. In this letter the evaluation of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons is presented. The contribution of the photon-gluon fusion subprocess is enhanced by requiring two high transverse-momentum hadrons. The analysis method is based on a Monte Carlo simulation that includes three hard processes: photon-gluon fusion, QCD Compton scattering and the leading-order virtual-photon absorption process. The Sivers asymmetries of the three processes are simultaneously extracted using the LEPTO event generator and a neural network approach. The method is applied to samples of events containing at least two hadrons with large transverse momentum from the COMPASS data taken with a 160 GeV/c muon beam scattered off transversely polarised deuterons and protons. With a significance of about two standard deviations, a negative value is obtained for the gluon Sivers asymmetry. The result of a similar analysis for a Collins-like asymmetry for gluons is consistent with zero. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 37. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Interplay among transversity induced asymmetries in hadron leptoproduction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 753, s. 406-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark several left-right asymmetries are possible for the hadrons in the jet. When only one unpolarized hadron is selected, it exhibits an azimuthal modulation known as the Collins effect. When a pair of oppositely charged hadrons is observed, three asymmetries can be considered, a di-hadron asymmetry and two single hadron asymmetries. In lepton deep inelastic scattering on transversely polarized nucleons all these asymmetries are coupled with the transversity distribution. From the high statistics COMPASS data on oppositely charged hadron-pair production we have investigated for the first time the dependence of these three asymmetries on the difference of the azimuthal angles of the two hadrons. The similarity of transversity induced single and di-hadron asymmetries is discussed. A new analysis of the data allows quantitative relationships to be established among them, providing for the first time strong experimental indication that the underlying fragmentation mechanisms are all driven by a common physical process.
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| 38. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Leading-order determination of the gluon polarisation from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 77:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a novel analysis technique, the gluon polarisation in the nucleon is re-evaluated using the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry measured in the cross section of semi-inclusive single-hadron muoproduction with photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 ( GeV/c)(2). The data were obtained by the COMPASS experiment at CERN using a 160 GeV/c polarised muon beam impinging on a polarised (LiD)-Li-6 target. By analysing the full range in hadron transverse momentum p(T), the different pT-dependences of the underlying processes are separated using a neural-network approach. In the absence of pQCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the selected kinematic domain, the gluon polarisation Delta g/g is evaluated at leading order in pQCD at a hard scale of mu(2) = < Q(2) > = 3( GeV/c)(2). It is determined in three intervals of the nucleon momentum fraction carried by gluons, x(g), covering the range 0.04< x(g)< 0.28 and does not exhibit a significant dependence on xg. The average over the three intervals, < Delta g/g > = 0.113 +/- 0.038(stat) +/- 0.036( syst) at < x(g) > approximate to 0.10, suggests that the gluon polarisation is positive in the measured x(g) range.
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| 39. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Multiplicities of charged kaons from deep-inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 767, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precise measurements of charged-kaon multiplicities in deep inelastic scattering were performed. The results are presented in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y, and the fraction z of the virtual-photon energy carried by the produced hadron. The data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration by scattering 160 GeV muons off an isoscalar (LiD)-Li-6 target. They cover the kinematic domain 1 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 60 (GeV/c)(2) in the photon virtuality, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.1 < y < 0.7, 0.20 < z < 0.85, and W > 5 GeV/c(2) in the invariant mass of the hadronic system. The results from the sum of the z-integrated K+ and K- multiplicities at high x point to a value of the non-strange quark fragmentation function larger than obtained by the earlier DSS fit.
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| 40. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons from deep-inelastic scattering of muons off an isoscalar target
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 764, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering were measured in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y and the relative hadron energy z. Data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam and an isoscalar target ((LiD)-Li-6). They cover the kinematic domain in the photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c) 2, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.2 < z < 0.85 and 0.1 < y < 0.7. In addition, a leading-order pQCD analysis was performed using the pion multiplicity results to extract quark fragmentation functions.
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| 41. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Resonance production and pi pi S-wave in pi(-) + p -> pi(-) pi(-) pi(+) + p(recoil) at 190 GeV/c
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 95:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COMPASS collaboration has collected the currently largest data set on diffractively produced pi(-) pi(-) pi(+) final states using a negative pion beam of 190 GeV/c momentum impinging on a stationary proton target. This data set allows for a systematic partial-wave analysis in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5 < m(3 pi) < 2.5 GeV/c(2), and in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1 < t' < 1.0 (GeV/c)(2). This two-dimensional analysis offers sensitivity to genuine one-step resonance production, i.e. the production of a state followed by its decay, as well as to more complex dynamical effects in nonresonant 3 pi production. In this paper, we present detailed studies on selected 3p partial waves with J(PC) = 0(-+) ,1(++) ,2(-+) ,2(++) ,and 4(++). In these waves, we observe the well-known groundstate mesons as well as a new narrow axial-vector meson a(1)(1420) decaying into f(0) (980)pi. In addition, we present the results of a novel method to extract the amplitude of the pi(-)pi(+) subsystem with I(G)J(PC) = 0(+)0(++) in various partial waves from the pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) data. Evidence is found for correlation of the f (0)(980) and f(0)(1500) appearing as intermediate pi(-)pi(+) isobars in the decay of the known pi(1800) and pi(2)(1880).
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| 42. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Sivers asymmetry extracted in SIDIS at the hard scales of the Drell-Yan process at COMPASS
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 770, s. 138-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight proton transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries are extracted in four regions of the photon virtuality Q(2) from the COMPASS 2010 semi-inclusive hadron measurements in deep inelastic muon nucleon scattering. These Q(2) regions correspond to the four regions of the di-muon mass root Q(2) used in the ongoing analyses of the COMPASS Drell-Yan measurements, which allows for a future direct comparison of the nucleon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions extracted from these two alternative measurements. In addition, for the azimuthal asymmetries induced by the Sivers transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function various two-dimensional kinematic dependences are presented. The integrated Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive with an accutacy that appears to be sufficient to test the sign change of the Sivers function predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics.
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| 43. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
-
The spin structure function g(1)(p) of the proton and a test of the Bjorken sum rule
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 753, s. 18-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New results for the double spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and the proton longitudinal spin structure function g(1)(p) are presented. They were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using polarised 200 GeV muons scattered off a longitudinally polarised NH3 target. The data were collected in 2011 and complement those recorded in 2007 at 160 GeV, in particular at lower values of x. They improve the statistical precision of g(1)(p)(x) by about a factor of two in the region x less than or similar to 0.02. A next-to-leading order QCD fit to the g(1) world data is performed. It leads to a new determination of the quark spin contribution to the nucleon spin, Delta Sigma, ranging from 0.26 to 0.36, and to a re-evaluation of the first moment of g(1)(p). The uncertainty of Delta Sigma is mostly due to the large uncertainty in the present determinations of the gluon helicity distribution. A new evaluation of the Bjorken sum rule based on the COMPASS results for the non-singlet structure function g(1)(NS) (x, Q(2)) yields as ratio of the axial and vector coupling constants vertical bar gA/gV vertical bar = 1.22 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.10 (syst.), which validates the sum rule to an accuracy of about 9%.
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| 44. |
- Adolphi, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Exclusive omega meson muoproduction on transversely polarised protons
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213 .- 1873-1562. ; 915, s. 454-475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exclusive production of omega mesons was studied at the COMPASS experiment by scattering 160GeV/c muons off transversely polarised protons. Five single-spin and three double-spin azimuthal asymmetries were measured in the range of photon virtuality 1(GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 10(GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable 0.003 < xBj < 0.3 and transverse momentum squared of the omega meson 0.05(GeV/c)(2) < p(T)(2) < 0.5(GeV/c)(2). The measured asymmetries are sensitive to the nucleon helicity-flip Generalised Parton Distributions (GPD) Et hat are related to the orbital angular momentum of quarks, the chiral-odd GPDs H-T that are related to the transversity Parton Distribution Functions, and the sign of the pi omega transition form factor. The results are compared to recent calculations of a GPD-based model.
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| 45. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
-
First Measurement of Transverse-Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Asymmetries in the Drell-Yan Process
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 119:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the pion-induced Drell-Yan (DY) process is reported. We use the CERN SPS 190 GeV/c pi(-) beam and a transversely polarized ammonia target. Three azimuthal asymmetries giving access to different transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) are extracted using dimuon events with invariant mass between 4.3 GeV/c(2) and 8.5 GeV/c(2). Within the experimental uncertainties, the observed sign of the Sivers asymmetry is found to be consistent with the fundamental prediction of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that the Sivers TMD PDFs extracted from DY have a sign opposite to the one extracted from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. We present two other asymmetries originating from the pion Boer-Mulders TMD PDFs convoluted with either the nucleon transversity or pretzelosity TMD PDFs. A recent COMPASS SIDIS measurement was obtained at a hard scale comparable to that of these DY results. This opens the way for possible tests of fundamental QCD universality predictions.
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| 46. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Light isovector resonances in pi(-) p -> pi(-) pi(-) pi(+)p at 190 GeV/c
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 98:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed the most comprehensive resonance-model fit of pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) states using the results of our previously published partial-wave analysis (PWA) of a large data set of diffractive-dissociation events from the reaction pi(-) + p -> pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) +p(recoil) with a 190 GeV/c pion beam. The PWA results, which were obtained in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5 < m(3 pi) < 2.5 GeV/c(2), and simultaneously in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1 < t'< 1.0 (GeV/c)(2), are subjected to a resonance-model fit using Breit-Wigner amplitudes to simultaneously describe a subset of 14 selected waves using 11 isovector light-meson states with J(PC) = 0(-+), 1(++), 2(++), 2(-+), 4(++), and spin-exotic 1(-+) quantum numbers. The model contains the well-known resonances pi(1800), a(1)(1260), a(2)(1320), pi(2)(1670), pi(2)(1880), and a(4) (2040). In addition, it includes the disputed pi(1)(1600), the excited states a(1)(1640), a2(1700), and pi(2) (2005), as well as the resonancelike a(1)(1420). We measure the resonance parameters mass and width of these objects by combining the information from the PWA results obtained in the 11 t' bins. We extract the relative branching fractions of the rho(770)pi and f(2)(1270)pi decays of a(2)(1320) and a(4)(2040), where the former one is measured for the first time. In a novel approach, we extract the t' dependence of the intensity of the resonances and of their phases. The t' dependence of the intensities of most resonances differs distinctly from the t' dependence of the nonresonant components. For the first time, we determine the t' dependence of the phases of the production amplitudes and confirm that the production mechanism of the Pomeron exchange is common to all resonances. We have performed extensive systematic studies on the model dependence and correlations of the measured physical parameters.
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| 47. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and spin-dependent structure function g(1)(p) of the proton at small values of x and Q(2)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 781, s. 464-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a precise measurement of the proton longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and the proton spin-dependent structure function g(1)(P) at photon virtualities 0.006 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2) in the Bjorken x range of 4 x 10(-5) < x < 4 x 10(-2). The results are based on data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN using muon beam energies of 160 GeV and 200 GeV. The statistical precision is more than tenfold better than that of the previous measurement in this region. In the whole range of x, the measured values of A(1)(p) and g(1)(P) are found to be positive. It is for the first time that spin effects are found at such low values of x.
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| 48. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Search for muoproduction of X(3872) at COMPASS and indication of a new state (X)over-tilde(3872)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 783, s. 334-340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have searched for exclusive production of exotic charmonia in the reaction mu N+ -> mu(+)(J/psi pi(+)pi(-))pi N-+/-' using COMPASS data collected with incoming muons of 160 GeV/c and 200 GeV/c momentum. In the J/psi pi(vertical bar)pi mass distribution we observe a signal with a statistical significance of 4.1 sigma. Its mass and width are consistent with those of the X(3872). The shape of the pi(+)pi(-) mass distribution from the observed decay into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) shows disagreement with previous observations for X(3872). The observed signal may be interpreted as a possible evidence of a new charmonium state. It could be associated with a neutral partner of X(3872) with C=-1 predicted by a tetraquark model. The product of cross section and branching fraction of the decay of the observed state into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) is determined to be 71 +/- 28(stat)+/- 39(syst) pb.
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| 49. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Transverse-momentum-dependent multiplicities of charged hadrons in muon-deuteron deep inelastic scattering
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A semi-inclusive measurement of charged hadron multiplicities in deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target was performed using data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. The following kinematic domain is covered by the data: photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c)(2), invariant mass of the hadronic system W > 5 (GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable in the range 0.003 < x < 0.4, fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron in the range 0.2 < z < 0.8, and square of the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the virtual photon direction in the range 0.02 (GeV/c)(2) < P-hT(2) < 3 (GeV/c)(2). The multiplicities are presented as a function of P-hT(2) in three-dimensional bins of x, Q(2), z and compared to previous semi-inclusive measurements. We explore the small-P-hT(2) region, i.e. P-hT(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2), where hadron transverse momenta are expected to arise from nonperturbative effects, and also the domain of larger P-hT(2), where contributions from higher-order perturbative QCD are expected to dominate. The multiplicities are fitted using a single-exponential function at small P-hT(2) to study the dependence of the average transverse momentum < P-hT(2)> on x, Q(2) and z. The power-law behavior of the multiplicities at large P-hT(2) is investigated using various functional forms. The fits describe the data reasonably well over the full measured range.
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| 50. |
- Akhunzyanov, R., et al.
(författare)
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Transverse extension of partons in the proton probed in the sea-quark range by measuring the DVCS cross section
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 793, s. 188-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first measurement of exclusive single-photon muoproduction on the proton by COMPASS using 160 GeV/c polarised mu(+) and mu(-) beams of the CERN SPS impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. We determine the dependence of the average of the measured mu(+) and mu(-) cross sections for deeply virtual Compton scattering on the squared four-momentum transfer t from the initial to the final proton. The slope B of the t-dependence is fitted with a single exponential function, which yields B = (4.3 +/- 0.6(stat) (+0.1)(-0.3)vertical bar(sys)) (GeV/c)(-2). This result can be converted into a transverse extension of partons in the proton,root(r(perpendicular to)(2)) = (0.58 +/- 0.04(stat) (+0.01)(-0.02)vertical bar(sys) +/- 0.04(model)) fm. For this measurement, the average virtuality of the photon mediating the interaction is < Q(2)> = 1.8 (GeV/c)(2) and the average value of the Bjorken variable is < X-Bj > = 0.056.
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