| 1. |
- Badurina, Boris, et al.
(författare)
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Digital collection for blind and visually impaired people
- 2001
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Ingår i: Libraries in the digital age, The Internet: ethics and legal issues Information services - practice and research. - Zagreb.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digital collection has been created to the purpose of ensuring better access to information for the blind and visually impaired. New technologies enable quick and simple access to information for this group of information users which had been so far restricted to slow and expensive process of material preparation (Braille texts, audio books, large print). Speech synthesis enables the blind to surf the World Wide Web and reach the information just as people who can see do. In order to make Internet retrieval efficient for all user categories (world statistics state that between 10% and 20% of population are people with different special needs), W3C Consortium has created guidelines (http://www.w3c.org/WAI/Resources) about ways in which web pages can be made accessible for all.
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| 2. |
- Illini, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Mobocertinib in Patients with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MOON): An International Real-World Safety and Efficacy Analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 25:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EGFR exon 20 (EGFR Ex20) insertion mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to traditional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Mobocertinib is the only approved TKI specifically designed to target EGFR Ex20. We performed an international, real-world safety and efficacy analysis on patients with EGFR Ex20-positive NSCLC enrolled in a mobocertinib early access program. We explored the mechanisms of resistance by analyzing postprogression biopsies, as well as cross-resistance to amivantamab. Data from 86 patients with a median age of 67 years and a median of two prior lines of treatment were analyzed. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 95% of patients. Grade >= 3 TRAEs were reported in 38% of patients and included diarrhea (22%) and rash (8%). In 17% of patients, therapy was permanently discontinued, and two patients died due to TRAEs. Women were seven times more likely to discontinue treatment than men. In the overall cohort, the objective response rate to mobocertinib was 34% (95% CI, 24-45). The response rate in treatment-naive patients was 27% (95% CI, 8-58). The median progression-free and overall survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3.5-6.5) and 12 months (95% CI, 6.8-17.2), respectively. The intracranial response rate was limited (13%), and one-third of disease progression cases involved the brain. Mobocertinib also showed antitumor activity following EGFR Ex20-specific therapy and vice versa. Potential mechanisms of resistance to mobocertinib included amplifications in MET, PIK3CA, and NRAS. Mobocertinib demonstrated meaningful efficacy in a real-world setting but was associated with considerable gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicity.
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| 3. |
- Kimiaei, Shahrokh
(författare)
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Improvements of SPECT by a new collimator design and simultaneous transmission-emission tomography
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and planar scintigraphy are the most established and world wide-spread nuclear medicine imaging techniques for clinical use today. SPECT is a tomographic technique that allows 3-D visualization of biochemical processes or physiological flow in the human body by external detection of photons from an administered radiopharmaceutical. However, its ability to depict a "true" activity map depends largely on the imaging properties of the SPECT-system as well as on the methods used for converting the acquired data into values reflecting the activity distribution. Photon attenuation, as well as the contribution of "false" (scattered) events are two of the most disturbing factors for achieving high quantitative accuracy in SPECT. Since these factors are related to the density and composition of the body tissues, it is crucial to have access to individual attenuation maps when high quantitative accuracy is desired.Two methods for simultaneous acquisition of emission and transmission data have been developed and analyzed. These methods may either be applied on single-head cameras or on opposed dual-head camera systems. Advantages and disadvantages of various radio-nuclides for use in transmission tomography have been analyzed. Their activity distribution or their scanning speed was of great importance for minimizing the image noise. By careful collimation of the external photon sources for the transmission measurements and by introducing accurate routines of corrections for camera non-uniformity and interferences of photons during simultaneous emission and transmission tomography, accurate attenuation maps can be obtained.In the second part of this work, a new collimator was developed in order to reduce the gap between a conventional camera and the convex shape of most body regions. These new collimators are designed planar in one direction and concave in the other which improves the radial spatial resolution and reduces the non-isotropic blur in SPECT. An improved lateral spatial resolution in planar scintigraphy was achieved as well. The impact on imaging quality was investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. The non-isotropic image blurring was reduced by up to 60% for a PC-collimator as compared to that for a conventional collimator. The image noise distribution in SPECT was more uniform but higher than for a planar collimator due to the reduced lateral sensitivity. Simulations of a Hoffman brain phantom showed that the rCBF values achieved with an optimized PC-collimator, were up to 10% higher in the lateral cortex (Brodmann areas 18,19), than those obtained with a planar collimator. Finally, a combination of a planar-concave collimator and a transmission tomography system described may give the same advantages of low noise and reduced requirements on high dynamic range of the camera, as was obtained for photon sources with non-linear activity distributions.
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| 4. |
- Kurbalija, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of neuropsychological and neuroradiological features for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are constantly increasing with prediction that in 2050 over 60 % of population will suffer from some level of cognitive impairment. A cure for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) does not exist, so early diagnosis is of a great importance. Machine learning techniques can help in early diagnosis with deep medical data processing, disease understanding, intervention analysis and knowledge dis-covery for achieving better medical decision making.Methods: In this paper, we analyze the dataset consisting of 90 individuals and 482 input features. We investigate the achieved AD prediction performances using seven classifiers and five feature selection algorithms. We pay special focus on analyzing performance by utilizing only a subset of best ranked attributes to establish the minimum amount of input features that ensure acceptable performance. We also investigate the significance of neuropsychological (NP) and neuroradiological (NR) attributes for the AD diagnosis.Results: The accuracy for the whole set of attributes ranged between 66.22 % and 81.00 %, and the weighted average AUROC was between 76.3 % and 95.0 %. The best results were achieved by the naive Bayes classifier and the Relief feature selection algorithm. Additionally, Support Vector Machines classifier shows the most stable results since it depends the least on the feature selection algorithm which is used. As the main result of this paper, we compare the performance of models trained with automatically selected features to models trained with hand-selected features performed by medical experts (NP and NR features).Conclusions: The results reveal that unlike the NR attributes, the NP attributes achieve a good performance that is comparable to the full set of attributes, which suggests that they possess a high predictive power for AD diagnosis.
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| 5. |
- Sandvig, Ioanna, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies to Enhance Implantation and Survival of Stem Cells After Their Injection in Ischemic Neural Tissue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stem Cells and Development. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1547-3287 .- 1557-8534. ; 26:8, s. 554-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High post-transplantation cell mortality is the main limitation of various approaches that are aimed at improving regeneration of injured neural tissue by an injection of neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MStroCs) in and/or around the lesion. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify efficient ways to increase cell transplant viability. We have previously proposed the "evolutionary stem cell paradigm," which explains the association between stem cell anaerobic/microaerophilic metabolic set-up and stem cell self-renewal and inhibition of differentiation. Applying these principles, we have identified the main critical point in the collection and preparation of these cells for experimental therapy: exposure of the cells to atmospheric O2, that is, to oxygen concentrations that are several times higher than the physiologically relevant ones. In this way, the primitive anaerobic cells become either inactivated or adapted, through commitment and differentiation, to highly aerobic conditions (20%-21% O2 in atmospheric air). This inadvertently compromises the cells' survival once they are transplanted into normal tissue, especially in the hypoxic/anoxic/ischemic environment, which is typical of central nervous system (CNS) lesions. In addition to the findings suggesting that stem cells can shift to glycolysis and can proliferate in anoxia, recent studies also propose that stem cells may be able to proliferate in completely anaerobic or ischemic conditions by relying on anaerobic mitochondrial respiration. In this systematic review, we propose strategies to enhance the survival of NSCs and MStroCs that are implanted in hypoxic/ischemic neural tissue by harnessing their anaerobic nature and maintaining as well as enhancing their anaerobic properties via appropriate ex vivo conditioning.
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