| 1. |
- Asplund, Sara, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Extended analysis of the effect of learning with feedback on the detectability of pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. - 1605-7422. ; 7966
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In chest tomosynthesis, low-dose projections collected over a limited angular range are used for reconstruction of section images of the chest, resulting in a reduction of disturbing anatomy at a moderate increase in radiation dose compared to chest radiography. In a previous study, we investigated the effects of learning with feedback on the detection of pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis. Six observers with varying degrees of experience of chest tomosynthesis analyzed tomosynthesis cases for presence of pulmonary nodules. The cases were analyzed before and after learning with feedback. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was used as reference. The differences in performance between the two readings were calculated using the jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics (JAFROC-2) as primary measure of detectability. Significant differences between the readings were found only for observers inexperienced in chest tomosynthesis. The purpose of the present study was to extend the statistical analysis of the results of the previous study, including JAFROC-1 analysis and FROC curves in the analysis. The results are consistent with the results of the previous study and, furthermore, JAFROC-1 gave lower p-values than JAFROC-2 for the observers who improved their performance after learning with feedback. © 2011 SPIE.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Sara, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Learning aspects and potential pitfalls regarding detection of pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis and proposed related quality criteria.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 52:5, s. 503-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In chest tomosynthesis, low-dose projections collected over a limited angular range are used for reconstruction of an arbitrary number of section images of the chest, resulting in a moderately increased radiation dose compared to chest radiography. Purpose To investigate the effects of learning with feedback on the detection of pulmonary nodules for observers with varying experience of chest tomosynthesis, to identify pitfalls regarding detection of pulmonary nodules, and present suggestions for how to avoid them, and to adapt the European quality criteria for chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) to chest tomosynthesis. Material and Methods Six observers analyzed tomosynthesis cases for presence of nodules in a jackknife alternative free-response receiver-operating characteristics (JAFROC) study. CT was used as reference. The same tomosynthesis cases were analyzed before and after learning with feedback, which included a collective learning session. The difference in performance between the two readings was calculated using the JAFROC figure of merit as principal measure of detectability. Results Significant improvement in performance after learning with feedback was found only for observers inexperienced in tomosynthesis. At the collective learning session, localization of pleural and subpleural nodules or structures was identified as the main difficulty in analyzing tomosynthesis images. Conclusion The results indicate that inexperienced observers can reach a high level of performance regarding nodule detection in tomosynthesis after learning with feedback and that the main problem with chest tomosynthesis is related to the limited depth resolution.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bennerstedt, Ulrika, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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How gamers manage aggression: Situating skills in collaborative computer games
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1556-1607 .- 1556-1615. ; 7:1, s. 43-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the discussion on what players learn from digital games, there are two major camps in clear opposition to each other. As one side picks up on negative elements found in games the other side focuses on positive aspects. While the agendas differ, the basic arguments still depart from a shared logic: that engagement in game-related activities fosters the development of behaviors that are transferred to situations beyond the game itself. With an approach informed by ethnomethodology, in this paper we probe the underlying logic connected to studies that argue for such general effects of games. By focusing on proficient gamers involved in the core game activity of boss encounters in a massively multiplayer online game, we examine the fundamentals that must be learnt and mastered for succeeding in an ordinary collaborative gaming practice where aggression is portrayed. On the basis of our empirical analysis we then address the contentious links between concrete instances of play and generic effects. As expected, the results point to “aggression” as well as “collaboration” as major components in the gaming experience, but our analysis also suggests that the practices associated with these notions are locally tied to the game. Based on these results, we propose that to reverse this relationship and claim that game environments foster collaboration or aggression in general first assumes strong theoretical claims about the nature of cognition and learning, and second, risks confusing the debate with hyperbole.
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| 6. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Arranging for better learning opportunities in radiology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Optimisation in X-ray and Molecular Imaging 2015 - the Fourth Malmö Conference on Medical Imaging, Gothenburg, Sweden, 28-30 May 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: The study provides an example on how it is possible to design environments at the workplace that could meet learning demands implied by the introduction of novel imaging technologies in radiology (in this case tomosynthesis). The innovative aspect of this design does not result from the implementation of any specific tool for learning. Instead, advancement is achieved by a novel set-up of existing imaging technologies. Based on a number of pedagogical principles, we developed what we call a Technology enhanced Learning Session (TLS), an interactive format that allows for focused discussions between learners with different levels of expertise. Method: Interactions during a TLS were videotaped and later analysed using interaction analysis. We did not seek to explain factors affecting learning, but rather identify qualities of the arrangement that presented opportunities for professionally meaningful forms of action, i.e. enabling conditions of the TLS for displaying knowledge on how to judge radiological section images produced by the novel technology. Results: Based on the analysis we propose three principles to be considered when designing learning environments for teaching professional modes of reasoning in radiology: First, the ways in which participants with different levels of experience interact and communicate have a large impact on the outcome of the activity. By publicly displaying records of the participants’ individual assessments everyone can become involved and mistakes become dissected rather than hidden. Second, experts working on authentic cases give prominence to case specific details, disambiguation practices, and several dimensions of variation (in representations, anatomy, pathology etc.). Professional modes of reasoning, when being made publically visible, operate as instructions. Third, participants should be given shared access to visual materials: Given different setups, participants will have different possibilities of establishing shared references and partake in reasoning that build on visual details. As we have seen, the observers’ ability to notice, discuss, and investigate particular features of the radiological images became a necessary requirement for the accomplishment of their collaborative work. Conclusions: The study points to what we see as the underexplored possibilities of tailoring basic and specialist training that meets the new demands given by novel imaging technologies in radiology.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The application of improved, structured and interactive group learning methods in diagnostic radiology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 169:1-4, s. 416-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides an example on how it is possible to design environments in a diagnostic radiology department that could meet learning demands implied by the introduction of new imaging technologies. The innovative aspect of the design does not result from the implementation of any specific tool for learning. Instead, advancement is achieved by a novel set-up of existing technologies and an interactive format that allows for focussed discussions between learners with different levels of expertise. Consequently, the study points to what is seen as the underexplored possibilities of tailoring basic and specialist training that meet the new demands given by leading-edge technologies.
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| 10. |
- Kuroshima, Satomi, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a praxeological account of performing surgery: Overcoming methodological and technical constraints
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2446-3620. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical operations are fundamentally comprised of multisensorial and multimodal activities. As surgical work involves professional and technical skills that entail a multitude of sensorial information, various methodological difficulties and technical constraints emerge for analysts. Subjective sensations and feedback received during the participants' constructed actions may not be available to outsiders, and the privilege of studying surgical operations is not always guaranteed for the fieldworker. However, as practical surgical tasks are constructed from the routine progression of mundane activities, technical and methodological difficulties can be overcome, confirming the perspicuous nature of surgical operations for social scientists as outsiders. In this report, the researchers describe their fieldwork experiences in two different types of operating rooms—gastroenterology surgical operations in a Japanese context and endovascular aortic repairs in a Swedish context—with a specific focus on how they controlled the technical challenges. This demonstrates the value of surgical operations as a site for scientific investigation independent of expert knowledge about surgery.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lymer, Gustav, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Situated abstraction : From the particular to the general in second-order diagnostic work
- 2014
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Ingår i: Discourse Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-4456 .- 1461-7080. ; 16:2, s. 185-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines the work of a group of medical scientists as they identify interpretative ‘pitfalls’ – recurrent sources of error – in the use of a new radiographic technique, formulate suggestions on how these pitfalls can be avoided and communicate their findings in the form of a scientific publication. The analysis focuses on a session in which previously diagnosed cases are discussed, and demonstrates the ways in which a certain source of diagnostic error gradually emerges as a taken-for-granted in the interaction. An increased sense of recognition, recurrence and typicality is discernible in the treatment of the cases. Talk characterized by expansions and elaborations, displays of understanding in the form of reformulations, understanding checks, and so on, leave room for brief typifications and reifications of interpretative difficulties in characteristics of the imaging technique. Topical treatment of perception and interpretation, as well as embodied engagement, become decreasingly salient. It is argued that the abstracted formulations in the published text rely on the case-by-case working up of generality from particularity; from individualized accounts of why ‘I’ interpreted the image in a certain way to proffered generalizations achieved through articulated perceptions of a generalized ‘one’. If these proffers are ratified, a potential ground is established for the consensual formulation of a pitfall. The formulation of novel instructions is consequently made relevant, projecting a re-instructed diagnostic practice.
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| 13. |
- Rystedt, Hans, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Rediscovering radiology: New technologies and remedial action at the worksite
- 2011
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Ingår i: Social Studies of Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0306-3127 .- 1460-3659. ; 41:6, s. 867-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to social studies of imaging and visualization practices within scientific and medical settings. The focus is on practices in radiology, which are bound up with visual records known as radiographs. The study addresses work following the introduction of a new imaging technology, tomosynthesis. Since it was a novel technology, there was limited knowledge of howto correctly analyse tomosynthesis images. To address this problem, a collective review session was arranged. The purpose of the present study was to uncover the practical work that took place during that session and to show how, and on what basis, new methods, interpretations and understandings were being generated. The analysis displays how the diagnostic work on patients’ bodies was grounded in two sets of technologically produced renderings. This shows how expertise is not simply a matter of providing correct explanations, but also involves discovery work in which visual renderings are made transparent. Furthermore, the results point to how the disciplinary knowledge is intertwined with timely actions, which in turn, partly rely on established practices of manipulating and comparing images. The embodied and situated reasoning that enabled radiologists to discern objects in the images thus display expertise as inherently practical and domain-specific.
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| 14. |
- Almén, Anja, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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OPTIMISATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION IN IMAGE-GUIDED INTERVENTIONS: EXPLORING VIDEO RECORDINGS AS A TOOL IN THE PROCESS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1742-3406 .- 0144-8420. ; 169:1-4, s. 425-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall purpose of this work was to explore how video recordings can contribute to the process of optimising occupational radiation protection in image-guided interventions. Video-recorded material from two image-guided interventions was produced and used to investigate to what extent it is conceivable to observe and assess dose-affecting actions in video recordings. Using the recorded material, it was to some extent possible to connect the choice of imaging techniques to the medical events during the procedure and, to a less extent, to connect these technical and medical issues to the occupational exposure. It was possible to identify a relationship between occupational exposure level to staff and positioning and use of shielding. However, detailed values of the dose rates were not possible to observe on the recordings, and the change in occupational exposure level from adjustments of exposure settings was not possible to identify. In conclusion, the use of video recordings is a promising tool to identify dose-affecting instances, allowing for a deeper knowledge of the interdependency between the management of the medical procedure, the applied imaging technology and the occupational exposure level. However, for a full information about the dose-affecting actions, the equipment used and the recording settings have to be thoroughly planned.
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| 15. |
- Bennerstedt, Ulrika, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Knowing the Way. Managing Epistemic Topologies in Virtual Game Worlds
- 2010
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Ingår i: 'Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). An International Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; 19:2, s. 201-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a study of interaction in massively multiplayer online games. The general interest concerns how action is coordinated in practices that neither rely on the use of talk-in-interaction nor on a socially present living body. For the participants studied, the use of text typed chat and the largely underexplored domain of virtual actions remain as materials on which to build consecutive action. How, then, members of these games can and do collaborate, in spite of such apparent interactional deprivation, are the topics of the study. More specifically, it addresses the situated practices that participants rely on in order to monitor other players’ conduct, and through which online actions become recognizable as specific actions with implications for the further achievement of the collaborative events. The analysis shows that these practices share the common phenomenon of projections. As an interactional phenomenon, projection of the next action has been extensively studied. In relation to previous research, this study shows that the projection of a next action can be construed with resources that do not build on turns-at-talk or on actions immediately stemming from the physical body—in the domain of online games, players project activity shifts by means of completely different resources. This observation further suggests that projection should be possible through the reconfiguration of any material, on condition that those reconfigurations and materials are recurrent aspects of some established practice.
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| 16. |
- Cerna, Katerina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' work practices in design: managing the complexity of pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - : Emerald. - 1366-5626. ; 2:2, s. 135-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the activities in nurses' work practices in relation to the design process of a self-monitoring application. Design/methodology/approach A design ethnographic approach was applied in this study. Findings To solve the problem of translating highly qualitative phenomena, such as pain, into the particular abstract features of a self-monitoring application, design participants had to balance these two aspects by managing complexity. In turn, the nurses' work practices have changed because it now involves a new activity based on a different logic than the nurses' traditional work practices. Originality/value This study describes a new activity included in nurses' work practices when the nurses became part of a design process. This study introduces a novel way on how to gain a deeper understanding of existing professional practice through a detailed study of activities taking place in a design process. This study explores the possible implications for nurses' professional practices when they participate in a self-monitoring application design process.
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| 17. |
- Cerna, Katerina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting self-management of radiation-induced bowel and bladder dysfunction in pelvic-cancer rehabilitation: An ethnographic study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 28:13-14, s. 2624-2634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aims and objectives: To describe and understand strategies that oncological nurses use to support self-management of radiation-induced bowel and bladder issues in pelvic-cancer rehabilitation patients. Background: Nurse-led self-management of radiation-induced bowel and bladder issues holds the potential to support cancer survivors. Design: An ethnographic approach was applied in this study, which adhered to Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. Methods: Data collection was conducted in Sweden between October 2015–April 2018, involving observations of nurses’ daily work, formal and informal interviews, individual and group interviews, and reviews of relevant documents used in the studied practice. Furthermore, 15 supportive nurse–patient talks were observed, and an ethnographic analysis was performed. Results: The analysis identified the following three categories of nursing strategies that support self-management of radiation-induced bowel and bladder issues in pelvic-cancer rehabilitation patients: encouraging self-reflection, tailoring solutions together and keeping patients motivated. Nurses and patients jointly make sense of patients’ symptoms using data that patients collect about themselves. Based on their shared understanding, they can co-create solutions to meet each individual patient's needs and develop routines to keep the patient motivated in performing the devised solutions. Conclusions: The results indicate that the strategies nurses use to support patients in self-management of radiation-induced bowel and bladder issues entail intertwining patients’ experiences with their nurses’ medical knowledge and specific clinical practice. Nurses’ strategies build on their ability to connect patients’ experiences and the elements of their own work practice. Relevance to clinical practice: A deeper understanding of nurses’ strategies to support self-management of radiation-induced bowel and bladder issues in pelvic-cancer rehabilitation patients can improve other self-management programmes, inform nurses’ education and aid in the design of tools for pelvic-cancer rehabilitation support.
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| 18. |
- Fjeldstad, Erling, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Intersubjectivity in hypnotic interaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Intersubjectivity in Action. 11th – 13th May 2017, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite the dubious reputation of hypnosis, there is now a large body of research that investigates how hypnosis can be used to reduce patients’ experience of pain. By closely analysing three video recorded quasi-naturalistic cases of hypnosis for pain relief, this study takes an interest in how hypnosis is interactionally organized and practically accomplished. A central question is how intersubjectivity is established and maintained in the different phases of the hypnosis. The hypnotic interaction predominately consists of the hypnotist formulating various instructions (by telling, proposing, suggesting, or asking) directed to the persons being hypnotized. In line with this, the sequence organization could be described as a series of adjacency pairs, consisting of a verbal instruction, followed by an attempt to follow the instruction and with occasional expansions. In the beginning of the session, the instructions are mostly directed to actions in the external world where the hypnotist instructs the persons being hypnotized to move their body in certain ways. As the session progresses, the instructions turn from physical actions towards the ability to imagine certain situations, activities, or states. As a result, the visual access to responding actions are highly restricted. Given this lack of visual access, how is the hypnotist finding interactional evidence of the hypnotized person being able to follow the instructions? It is possible for the hypnotist to observe minute changes in body posture, breathing, and the relaxation of limbs, but what does this say about the hypnotic state of the other person? Questions pertaining to intersubjectivity, are not only relevant as analytic concerns, but remain central tasks for the participants. How to establish and share the hypnotic experience then, is here cast as a setting’s problem and its resolution, by way of its local interactional organization, could be telling vis-a-vis a more general interest in intersubjectivity-in-action.
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| 19. |
- Gow, Marcelyn, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Architecture in the penumbra
- 2015
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Ingår i: In Sheppard, Lola & Ruy, David (Eds.), The expanding periphery and the migrating center.. - Washington, DC : ACSA Press. - 9780935502954 ; , s. 324-332, s. 324-332
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Hillman, Thomas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Brave new platforms: a possible platform future for highly decentralised schoolin
- 2020
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Ingår i: Learning, Media & Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-9884 .- 1743-9892. ; 45:1, s. 7-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has one of the most marketised and decentralised school systems in the world while also ranking amongst countries with the highest levels of access to technology in classrooms. Considering the increasingly central role that digital platforms play in the practices of schooling, this article speculates on what might happen during the 2020s in highly decentralised school systems like Sweden’s. Based on current trends in education, directions indicated by platformisation in other contexts and taking a critical speculative approach, it offers a discussion of what could happen to the practices of schooling and the public mission of education. This discussion is intended to raise important questions for researchers, educators and policy makers to consider as the platformisation of schooling unfolds.
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| 21. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Actions carried by person mentions in design interaction
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2nd Loughborough Categories and Identities in Interaction seminar, Loughborough, July 2.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work looks at the interaction of a small group of architectural design researchers whose work has been documented for over two years. The analysis begins with the noticing of the frequent mentioning of other artists and designers. We take an interest in the design-work enabled by this practice. By inspecting the materials with an eye towards the separation between “doing referring” and “doing categorization” we find proper names to be a richer resource than previously discussed, figuring, not only as primary references to persons, but also in the action of doing referring to objects, projects places, or indexing general principles or styles.
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| 22. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Aligning Video-And Structured Data for Imaging Optimisation.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1742-3406 .- 0144-8420. ; 195:3-4, s. 134-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imaging optimisation can benefit from combining structured data with qualitative data in the form of audio and video recordings. Since video is complex to work with, there is a need to find a workable solution that minimises the additional time investment. The purpose of the paper is to outline a general workflow that can begin to address this issue. What is described is a data management process comprising the three steps of collection, mining and contextualisation. This process offers a way to work systematically and at a large scale without succumbing to the context loss of statistical methods. The proposed workflow effectively combines the video and structured data to enable a new level of insights in the optimisation process.
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| 23. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Arranging for visibility
- 2010
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the European Association for the study of Science and Technology conference, Trento, Italy.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an approach based on ethnomethodological studies of work, this presentation discusses a theme that we call arranging for visibility. First, we present a case where professionals in medicine arrange so called learning sessions in order develop visual expertise in relation to a novel medical imaging technology. Characteristic for these sessions is that members of the team arrange the situations so as to be able to visually discern critical details. Second, we discuss how the members’ orientation to visual details necessitates analytical access to these details, and – in relation to this – what arranging for visibility might mean for us as analysts. The case that we discuss concerns a multidisciplinary team of scientists and professional radiologists. Diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary diseases are most commonly done with conventional chest radiography. A fundamental problem with chest radiography is that overlapping anatomic structures may obstruct the detection of tumours and other pathologies. With a new form of digital tomography called tomosynthesis it becomes possible to visualise the chest as a set of slices. Within the first months of clinical use of the technology, experienced thoracic radiologists were able to increase their detection of pulmonary nodules, from about 25% to over 90%. The increase in the detection of true positives, however, was also paralleled by an increase of false positives. The introduction of the new technology did not just simply augment the professional visual of the thoracic radiologists. Rather, it reconfigured the expertise by installing new ways of seeing and acting. As a response to this, and in order to highlight critical issues in detection of pulmonary nodules, the team arranged learning sessions during which previous cases were collectively reviewed: two separate projector screens allowed for side-by-side comparisons of CT and tomosynthesis data from the same patient; historical records of all individual markings effectively displayed any incongruence of earlier judgements; the use of large screens and laser pointers enabled rapid and precise indexing; the uneven distribution of expertise made it relevant to provide extended instruction in professional ways of seeing. The elaborate arrangement of learning sessions could be seen as an enabling condition for the team members’ ensuing orientation towards critical details in the interpretation of images. As a consequence of this, investigations of the learning sessions have the potential to shed light on important aspects of the relation between technological shifts and reconfigurations of expertise. Video recordings becomes a indispensable tool in this research: since the interest lies in the orientation to visual detail by the members, there is a need for records that preserve this orientation in necessary detail. The work of us as analysts also makes relevant elaborated arrangements of transcripts, images and different camera angles. There are thus both parallels and differences between the arrangements for visibilities made by members and that made by us as analysts – an issue which connects to the more general issue of the relation between the perspective of the member and that of the analyst in social scientific research.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976
(författare)
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Balancing values in architecture
- 2009
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the American Anthropological Association, 108th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a study of instruction in architectural education, focusing on the assessment practice known as 'critique'. We find this a basic site for the articulation of a range of architecturally relevant values. At points, the scrutiny of these values also actualizes the political ramifications of the proposed architecture. As students work on various projects, the stated objectives of each course only cover selected aspects of the aimed profession. Nevertheless, as soon as the students make decisions in and as their designs, by specifying details, they simultaneously subject themselves to the full range of accountability of the profession. Comments made by critics can position the proposed design in relation to issues such as structural integrity, compliance with regulations, financial strength, environmental impact and sustainability, novelty value, aesthetics, relations to precedents, sociopolitical consequences etc. In fact, the list of possible considerations that might affect the final design is practically endless. A central idea in ethnomethodology is that accounts and accounting practices are one way that institutional constraint, power and inequality manifest in interaction. In the study, we not only address how the members of the studied organization formulate the order of their actions, we also take an interest in the internal organization of these accounts. As individual variables often will effect and reconfigure the entire design, striking the balance between them is a highly complex task. The process of negotiating and prioritizing values is, in this way, one important procedure through which the architectural objects take on a specific ideological shape.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976
(författare)
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Dealing with Daemons. Trust in Autonomous Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Anthem Companion to Harold Garfinkel. - : Anthem Press. - 9781839982644 ; , s. 163-180
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter addresses a series of events that took place in a large Swedish hospital over four years. The specific setting under investigation comprises the handling of imaging technology used for surgery. Because of the scale and structure of the equipment, its use necessarily builds on the collaborative efforts of several different professions, making it a complex socio-technical system. In addition to the day-today surgical operations, a hybrid study of work was organized in the form of a research project—the project aimed to explore how the technical system was used and possibly develop more effective strategies. However, what was uncovered was a form of deeply embedded unpredictability that would potentially challenge the trust in the technology, a trust that would necessarily be taken for granted for the organization to work. This chapter then offers an examination of the hybrid study. The objective is to highlight the lessons learned beyond the individual case study by discussing the trust conditions that stabilize the use of algorithmic systems. It is argued that the stabilization becomes a continuous process in which the outputs of the system must fit with a set of presuppositions held by the practitioners and take the form of recognizable typical occurrences.
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| 28. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Design Imaginaries. Knowledge transformation and innovation in experimental architecture
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mind, Culture and Activity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1074-9039 .- 1532-7884. ; 24:1, s. 67-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article tracks the work of a group of architectural researchers and treats their experimental practices as vantages for analyzing the social production and transformation of architectural knowledge. This requires first examining the role of so-called design imaginaries, or modes of prototyping and analysis, which these researchers draw on to explore wider theoretical questions, as well as to test varying theories and hypotheses. It also includes examining how seemingly contradictory design concepts figure into their creative work, which we argue hold theoretical resonance with Gregory Bateson’s ideas on Learning III and Yrjö Engeström’s notion of expansive learning.
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| 29. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976
(författare)
-
Developing the construction sight: Architectural education and technological change
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Visual Communication. - : SAGE Publications. - 1470-3572 .- 1741-3214. ; 9:2, s. 171-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general thrust of this study is exploratory. With an interest in the development of competence, and, the achievement of professionally purposeful action – as this is done by way of digital technologies – the study exploits the details of a single collaborative design/learning activity among students of architecture. The provided analysis aims at informing the discussion on the role of technically mediated visual reasoning for the emerging professional vision of the to-be architects. By demonstrating the performance of visually complex actions and events – events and actions that could not have occurred outside the particular medium used – the study raises some principled issues. The first issue pertains to the problem of separating the analytical work made by the students from the tools and other resources that enable this work. The second issue concerns how the use of the technology generates new ways of seeing, showing and doing architecture.
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| 30. |
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- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976
(författare)
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Knowledge and recognitional reference in professional colloquy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the Sixth Meeting of the Language and Social Interaction Working Group, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, October 7.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper targets matters of knowledge in professional colloquy by focusing on the deployment of recognitional reference in design work. Different reference forms are used as an entry point into what is treated as shared or not shared between interacting parties. Data comes from recordings of architectural design meetings.
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- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976
(författare)
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Pedagogiska redskap och det fria utforskandet
- 2009
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Ingår i: Digital Kompetanse - Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy. ; 4:1, s. 38-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay departs from a study of pupils, age twelve, using a form of educational technology called Lego Dacta. By analysing how the pupils approached the technology the aim of this work has been to critically scrutinize the conditions of free exploration as a pedagogical method. The results point out some problems with this method and hopefully add to our understanding of perception and learning in general.
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| 40. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Person reference in design interaction
- 2014
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Ingår i: 4th International Conference on Conversation Analysis, Los Angeles.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Phenomenal fields forever. Instructed action and perception’s work
- 2023
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Ingår i: Instructed and Instructive Actions. The Situated Production, Reproduction, and Subversion of Social Order, edited by Michael Lynch & Oskar Lindwall. - London : Routledge. - 9781003279235 ; , s. 57-72
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The starting point for the study is the idea that many practices rely on specific methods that regularly evade formalized accounts. Some techniques are considered too trivial or idiosyncratic even when providing descriptions of the work intended as instructions. This chapter analyzes such a case taken from endovascular surgery: a form of image-guided intervention that relies on angiography and fluoroscopy imaging modalities. In this practice, surgeons must repeatedly move between different images while still remembering certain visualized features that are now lost from view. Some procedures to overcome this challenge have been outlined in the medical literature. We describe an additional method, which is de facto used in practice while still residing outside of the formally recognized methods of that practice. The technique relies on the creative use of a computer cursor as a visual aid for marking locations in the images. This workaround is built on local practices and technologies and is now an integral part of how the work gets done. It operates as a form of instructed action: a series of activities prospectively oriented to creating a shared phenomenal field by and for the collaborating surgeons.
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| 42. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Prototype driven learning and inquiry. A case study of architectural design and conceptualization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Designs for Experimentation and Inquiry. Approaching Learning and Knowing in Digital Transformation. Åsa Mäkitalo, Todd E. Nicewonger& Mark Elam (red.). - : Routledge. - 9781138592735 ; , s. 71-86
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter provides a situated analysis of an architectural research team engaging in prototype driven experimentation. These experiments are meant to both expand the researcher’s own understandings of design as well as contribute to ongoing debates in the field of architectural research and education. The chapter draws on video analysis of prototyping exchanges and discussions in which the researchers explore and reflect on varying digital design prototypes. The analysis highlights different communicative strategies that are used by the architects to explore both digital and non-digital aspects. It is argued that by entertaining these experimental modes of reasoning a number of new possibilities for theorizing architectural practices arise. This includes opening up a conceptual space that allows the architects to indulge in the open-ended questioning of core ideas and techniques that permeate their embodied understanding of the field of architecture.
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| 45. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Role of requests and communication breakdowns in the coordination of teamwork: a video-based observational study of hybrid operating rooms.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the functional role of 'requests' in the coordination of surgical activities in the operating room (OR). A secondary aim was to describe, closely, instances of potential miscommunication to scrutinise how so-called conversational repairs were used to address and prevent mistakes.Non-participant video-based observations.Team coordination around image acquisitions (digital subtraction angiography) done during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedures in a hybrid OR.The study followed and documented a total of 72 EVAR procedures, out of which 12 were video-recorded (58hours). The results were based on 12 teams operating during these recorded surgeries and specifically targeted all sequences involving controlled apnoea. In total, 115 sequences were analysed within the theoretical framework of conversation analysis.The results indicated a simple structure of communication that can enable the successful coordination of work between different team members. Central to this analysis was the distinction between immediate requests and pre-requests. The results also showed how conversational repairs became key in establishing joint understanding and, therefore, how they can function as crucial resources in safety management operations.The results suggest the possibility of devising an interactional framework to minimise problems with communication, thereby enabling the advancement of patient safety. By making the distinction between different types of requests explicit, certain ambiguities can be mitigated and some misunderstandings avoided. One way to accomplish this practically would be to tie various actions to clearer and more distinct forms of expression.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Suspicious Minds: the Problem of Trust and Conversational Agents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the field of natural language processing has seen substantial developments, resulting in powerful voice-based interactive services. The quality of the voice and interactivity are sometimes so good that the artificial can no longer be differentiated from real persons. Thus, discerning whether an interactional partner is a human or an artificial agent is no longer merely a theoretical question but a practical problem society faces. Consequently, the ‘Turing test’ has moved from the laboratory into the wild. The passage from the theoretical to the practical domain also accentuates understanding as a topic of continued inquiry. When interactions are successful but the artificial agent has not been identified as such, can it also be said that the interlocutors have understood each other? In what ways does understanding figure in real-world human–computer interactions? Based on empirical observations, this study shows how we need two parallel conceptions of understanding to address these questions. By departing from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, we illustrate how parties in a conversation regularly deploy two forms of analysis (categorial and sequential) to understand their interactional partners. The interplay between these forms of analysis shapes the developing sense of interactional exchanges and is crucial for established relations. Furthermore, outside of experimental settings, any problems in identifying and categorizing an interactional partner raise concerns regarding trust and suspicion. When suspicion is roused, shared understanding is disrupted. Therefore, this study concludes that the proliferation of conversational systems, fueled by artificial intelligence, may have unintended consequences, including impacts on human–human interactions.
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- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The organization of turn-taking in pool skate sessions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research on Language and Social Interaction. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0835-1813 .- 1532-7973. ; 48:4, s. 406-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study takes pool skating, where only one skater rides at a time, as an example of a turn-taking system, albeit one that is organized not through speech but through bodily actions. This allows us to revisit Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson’s (1974) famous “turn-taking” paper—in particular, their initial broad conception of turn-taking systems as including activities other than the speech-exchange systems studied by conversation analysis. Despite the original declaration, nonspeech turn-taking systems have evaded close scrutiny for the past four decades. By turning our attention to such a system here, this study makes two contributions: firstly, to the sociology of turn-organized activities (through a comparison of the central features of turn taking for conversation with pool skating) and, secondly, to the study of how bodily actions can accomplish pre-beginnings (since in pool skate sessions, this is the place to settle the matter of turn allocation in order to avoid overlaps in riding).
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