| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 4. |
- Arrowsmith, CH, et al.
(författare)
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The promise and peril of chemical probes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature chemical biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1552-4469 .- 1552-4450. ; 11:8, s. 536-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Klein, Robert J., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Multiple Risk-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Versus Prostate-Specific Antigen at Baseline to Predict Prostate Cancer in Unscreened Men
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 61:3, s. 471-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although case-control studies have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer, the clinical role of these SNPs remains unclear. Objective: Evaluate previously identified SNPs for association with prostate cancer and accuracy in predicting prostate cancer in a large prospective population-based cohort of unscreened men. Design, setting, and participants: This study used a nested case-control design based on the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort with 943 men diagnosed with prostate cancer and 2829 matched controls. Blood samples were collected between 1991 and 1996, and follow-up lasted through 2005. Measurements: We genotyped 50 SNPs, analyzed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in blood from baseline, and tested for association with prostate cancer using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. We further developed a predictive model using SNPs nominally significant in univariate analysis and determined its accuracy to predict prostate cancer. Results and limitations: Eighteen SNPs at 10 independent loci were associated with prostate cancer. Four independent SNPs at four independent loci remained significant after multiple test correction (p < 0.001). Seven SNPs at five independent loci were associated with advanced prostate cancer defined as clinical stage >= T3 or evidence of metastasis at diagnosis. Four independent SNPs were associated with advanced or aggressive cancer defined as stage >= T3, metastasis, Gleason score >= 8, or World Health Organization grade 3 at diagnosis. Prostate cancer risk prediction with SNPs alone was less accurate than with PSA at baseline (area under the curve of 0.57 vs 0.79), with no benefit from combining SNPs with PSA. This study is limited by our reliance on clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer; there are likely undiagnosed cases among our control group. Conclusions: Only a few previously reported SNPs were associated with prostate cancer risk in the large prospective Diet and Cancer cohort in Malmo, Sweden. SNPs were less useful in predicting prostate cancer risk than PSA at baseline. (C) 2011 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Sjödahl, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of shallow leakage zones in a small embankment dam using repeated resistivity measurements in Internal erosion in embankment dams and their foundations
- 2011
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9788072047369 ; 13, s. 165-172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resistivity measurements were carried out in order to identify preferential seepage paths in a small dam in central Sweden. Increased seepage flow had been observed at high reservoir levels. Repeated resistivity measurements were performed along the dam crest during 24 hours controlled rising of the reservoir. Each measurement data set was compared to the original reference data set using time-lapse inversion. Zones with gradually decreasing resistivity were identified inside the dam at the depth corresponding to the changed reservoir level. The zones were interpreted as preferential seepage paths. During a possible future repair of the dam this interpretation may be evaluated.
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| 17. |
- Bender, A. N., et al.
(författare)
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Galaxy cluster scaling relations measured with APEX-SZ
- 2016
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 460:4, s. 3432-3446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) measurements for 42 galaxy clusters observed at 150 GHz with the APEX-SZ experiment. For each cluster, we model the pressure profile and calculate the integrated Comptonization Y to estimate the total thermal energy of the intraclustermedium (ICM). We compare the measured Y values to X-ray observables of the ICM from the literature (cluster gas mass M-gas, temperature T-X, and Y-X = MgasTX) that relate to total cluster mass. We measure power-law scaling relations, including an intrinsic scatter, between the SZE and X-ray observables for three subsamples within the set of 42 clusters that have uniform X-ray analysis in the literature. We observe that differences between these X-ray analyses introduce significant variance into the measured scaling relations, particularly affecting the normalization. For all three subsamples, we find results consistent with a selfsimilarmodel of cluster evolution dominated by gravitational effects. Comparing to predictions from numerical simulations, these scaling relations prefer models that include cooling and feedback in the ICM. Lastly, we measure an intrinsic scatter of similar to 28 per cent in the Y - Y-X scaling relation for all three subsamples.
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| 18. |
- Dias, J., et al.
(författare)
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Surgical management of Dupuytren's contracture in Europe: regional analysis of a surgeon survey and patient chart review
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1742-1241 .- 1368-5031. ; 67:3, s. 271-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim We explored regional variations in the surgical management of patients with Dupuytren's contracture (DC) in 12 European countries using a surgeon survey and patient chart review. Methods Twelve countries participated: Denmark, Finland, Sweden (Nordic region); Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland (East); France, Germany, the Netherlands, UK (West); Italy, Spain (Mediterranean). For the survey, a random sample of orthopaedic/plastic surgeons (n=687) with 330years' experience was asked about DC procedures performed during the previous 12months. For the chart review (n=3357), information from up to five consecutive patients was extracted. Descriptive statistics are reported. Results Ninety-five per cent of all surgeons used fasciectomy for DC, followed by fasciotomy (70%), dermofasciectomy (38%) and percutaneous needle fasciotomy (35%). Most surgeons were satisfied with fasciectomy over other procedures. Recommended time away from work and duration of physical therapy increased with the invasiveness of the procedure. The intra-operative complication rate was 4.0%; the postoperative complication rate was 34%. Overall, 97% of the procedures were rated by surgeons as having a positive outcome. Across all regions, 54% of patients had no nodules or contracture after the procedures. Only 2% of patients required retreatment within the first year of surgery. Important inter- and intraregional differences in these aspects of patient management are described. Conclusions Understanding current regional treatment patterns and their relationships to country-specific health systems may facilitate earlier identification of, and intervention for, DD and help to optimise the overall treatment for patients with this chronic condition.
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| 19. |
- Fiandaca, Gianluca, et al.
(författare)
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Doubling the spectrum of time-domain induced polarization by harmonic de-noising, drift/spike removal and tapered gating
- 2016
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Ingår i: 22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Near Surface Geoscience 2016. - Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extraction of spectral information in the inversion process of time-domain (TD) induced polarization (IP) data is changing the use of the TDIP method. Data interpretation is evolving from a qualitative description of the subsurface, able only to discriminate the presence of contrasts in chargeability parameters, towards a quantitative analysis of the investigated media, which allows for detailed soil-And rock-Type characterization. Two major limitations restrict the extraction of the spectral information of TDIP data in the field: i) the difficulty of acquiring reliable early-Time measurements, and ii) the selfpotential drift in the measured potentials distorting the shape of the late time. For measuring at early times, we developed a new method for removing harmonic noise from the data. Furthermore, a new scheme for spike removal was developed and tapered windows are used in the data gating. For measuring at late times, we developed a drift-removal scheme that model the polarization effect and allows for preserving the shape of the IP responses at late times. Overall, the removal of harmonic noise, spikes, self-potential drift, tapered windowing, and the uncertainty estimation allows for doubling the usable range of TDIP data to almost four decades in time.
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| 21. |
- Lindh, ÅU, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Suicide Risk Scales in Predicting Repeat Suicide Attempt and Suicide: A Clinical Cohort Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical psychiatry. - : Physicians Postgraduate Press. - 1555-2101 .- 0160-6689. ; 80:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictive accuracy of the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), the Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS), the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for suicide attempts and suicides within 3 and 12 months of an episode of self-harm. METHODS: This prospective multicenter cohort study included patients (N = 804) aged 18-95 years with a recent episode of self-harm assessed in psychiatric emergency settings from April 2012 to April 2016. Suicide attempts and suicides were identified in medical records and in the National Cause of Death Register. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and accuracy statistics were calculated. A sensitivity of at least 80% combined with a specificity of at least 50% were considered minimally acceptable. RESULTS: At least 1 suicide attempt was recorded for 216 participants during follow-up, and 19 participants died by suicide. The SUAS and C-SSRS were better than chance in classifying the 114 suicide attempts occurring within the first 3 months; a C-SSRS score ≥ 27 yielded a sensitivity/specificity of 79.8%/51.5% (P < .001). During 1-year follow-up, the SUAS and C-SSRS also performed better than chance, but no cutoff on either instrument gave a sensitivity/specificity of ≥ 80%/≥ 50%. The SIS was the only instrument that could classify suicides correctly. At 3 months, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-0.99), and a score ≥ 21 predicted suicide with a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/81.9%, based on only 4 suicides. At 1-year follow-up, the AUC was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61-0.87), and a score ≥ 17 predicted suicide with a sensitivity/specificity of 72.2%/57.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Instruments that predicted nonfatal repeat suicide attempts did not predict suicide and vice versa. With the possible exception of the prediction of suicide by the SIS in a short time frame, the specificity of these instruments was low, giving them a limited relevance in the prediction of suicidal behaviors. © Copyright 2019 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
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| 27. |
- Rosqvist, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an innovative methodology for monitoring of in situ remediation of chlorinated solvents – the MIRACHL-project
- 2018
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Ingår i: ; , s. 112-112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDense Non Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPL) such as chlorinated solvents are common pollutants stemming from different types of industries including dry cleaning facilities, and reports on cases showing serious risk to soil and ground water are frequent on a global scale. DNAPLs are especially problematic as they are denser than water and move down through the groundwater, not always following the groundwater flow but are mainly driven by gravitational forces. Difficulties associated with remediation activities of DNAPLs are many, especially delineation of the source plume, and understanding of the migration of contaminated groundwater in the underground.Therefore, the Swedish national environmental authority, (SEPA) has called for new and innovative in-situ remediation techniques.The MIRACHL-project (monitoring of in situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants - http://mirachl.com/) are focused on developing new and innovative methods for better understanding of the transport and fate of chlorinated solvents in soil and groundwater. The MIRACHL-project combine three methods; i)geoelectrical imaging by the geophysical method Direct Current resistivity and Induced Polarisation (DCIP), ii)Physical and BioGeochemical Characterisation (PBGC) and iii)the method Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). The MIRACHL-project, based at the Engineering Geology at Lund University, is a collaborative project including several other universities and other relevant organizations, In particular, the collaboration on field sites with the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) is of great importance.AimIn the MIRACHL project we develop an integrated methodology based on threemethods, i.e., Direct Current resistivity and Induced Polarisation (DCIP), Physical and BioGeochemical Characterisation (PBGC) and the method Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), to better understand and map in situ remediation processes. A combination of continuous geo-electrical observations during the decontamination, together with the analysis of biogeochemistry and isotope fractionation, provides opportunities to follow transport and fate of chlorinated solvents during different types of in-situ remediation processes.The MIRACHL-project started in 2016 and will continue until 2022. In 2017, theMIRACHL methodology was established at two sites in collaboration with SGU, i.e., in Hagfors and Alingsås. At both site contaminations coming from dry cleaning facilities are in focus. The geology and hydrogeology is very different at these sites and the presentation will show the status in mapping and monitoring the ongoing remediation at the sites.ConclusionInitial studies performed at a site in Kristianstad (Färgaren 3) show the combination of DCIP, PBGC, and CSIA are promising methodology for mapping of transport and fate of chlorinated solvents. We will present on-going research on two sites where contamination from chlorinated solvents are in focus, i.e, contamination due to dry cleaning activities in Hagfors and Alingsås.
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| 28. |
- Sanz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Biomaterials and regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration in the craniomaxillofacial region: Consensus report of group 2 of the 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979. ; 46, s. 82-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims To review the regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration: bone grafts, barrier membranes, bioactive factors and cell therapies. Material and Methods Four background review publications served to elaborate this consensus report. Results and Conclusions Biomaterials used as bone grafts must meet specific requirements: biocompatibility, porosity, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, surface properties, biodegradability, mechanical properties, angiogenicity, handling and manufacturing processes. Currently used biomaterials have demonstrated advantages and limitations based on the fulfilment of these requirements. Similarly, membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) must fulfil specific properties and potential biological mechanisms to improve their clinical applicability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have evaluated the added effect of bone morphogenetic proteins (mainly BMP-2) and autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) when used as bioactive agents to enhance bone regeneration. Three main approaches using cell therapies to enhance bone regeneration have been evaluated: (a) "minimally manipulated" whole tissue fractions; (b) ex vivo expanded "uncommitted" stem/progenitor cells; and (c) ex vivo expanded "committed" bone-/periosteum-derived cells. Based on the evidence from clinical trials, transplantation of cells, most commonly whole bone marrow aspirates (BMA) or bone marrow aspirate concentrations (BMAC), in combination with biomaterial scaffolds has demonstrated an additional effect in sinus augmentation and horizontal ridge augmentation, and comparable bone regeneration to autogenous bone in alveolar cleft repair.
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| 29. |
- Vickers, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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A Panel of Kallikrein Marker Predicts Prostate Cancer in a Large, Population-Based Cohort Followed for 15 Years without Screening
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 20:2, s. 255-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has modest specificity for prostate cancer. A panel of four kallikrein markers (total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and kallikrein-related peptidase 2) is a highly accurate predictor of biopsy outcome. The clinical significance of biopsy-detectable cancers in men classified as low-risk by this panel remains unclear. Methods: The Malmo Diet and Cancer study is a population-based cohort of 11,063 Swedish men aged 45 to 73 providing a blood sample at baseline during 1991-1996. The Swedish Cancer Registry was used to identify 943 men diagnosed with prostate cancer by December 31, 2006. PSA testing was low. We assessed the predictive accuracy of our published statistical model to predict subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis in men with a total PSA level of 3.0 ng/mL or more at baseline. Results: Compared with total PSA and age, the full kallikrein panel enhanced the predictive accuracy for clinically diagnosed prostate cancer (concordance index 0.65 vs. 0.75; P < 0.001). For every 1,000 men with a total PSA level of 3 ng/mL or more at baseline, the model would classify as high-risk 131 of 152 (86%) of the cancer cases diagnosed clinically within 5 years; 421 men would be classified as low-risk by the panel and recommended against biopsy. Of these, only 2 would be diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer (clinical T3-T4 or metastases) within 5 years. Conclusions: Men with a PSA level of 3 ng/mL or more but defined as low-risk by the panel of four kallikrein markers are unlikely to develop incurable prostate cancer. Impact: Use of the panel to determine referral to biopsy could substantially reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 255-61. (C)2010 AACR.
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| 30. |
- Vickers, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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Strategy for detection of prostate cancer based on relation between prostate specific antigen at age 40-55 and long term risk of metastasis: case-control study
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMJ: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 346, s. 2023-2023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To determine the association between concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) at age 40-55 and subsequent risk of prostate cancer metastasis and mortality in an unscreened population to evaluate when to start screening for prostate cancer and whether rescreening could be risk stratified. Design Case-control study with 1: 3 matching nested within a highly representative population based cohort study. Setting Malmo Preventive Project, Sweden. Participants 21 277 Swedish men aged 27-52 (74% of the eligible population) who provided blood at baseline in 1974-84, and 4922 men invited to provide a second sample six years later. Rates of PSA testing remained extremely low during median follow-up of 27 years. Main outcome measures Metastasis or death from prostate cancer ascertained by review of case notes. Results Risk of death from prostate cancer was associated with baseline PSA: 44% (95% confidence interval 34% to 53%) of deaths occurred in men with a PSA concentration in the highest 10th of the distribution of concentrations at age 45-49 (>= 1.6 mu g/L), with a similar proportion for the highest 10th at age 51-55 (>= 2.4 mu g/L: 44%, 32% to 56%). Although a 25-30 year risk of prostate cancer metastasis could not be ruled out by concentrations below the median at age 45-49 (0.68 mu g/L) or 51-55 (0.85 mu g/L), the 15 year risk remained low at 0.09% (0.03% to 0.23%) at age 45-49 and 0.28% (0.11% to 0.66%) at age 51-55, suggesting that longer intervals between screening would be appropriate in this group. Conclusion Measurement of PSA concentration in early midlife can identify a small group of men at increased risk of prostate cancer metastasis several decades later. Careful surveillance is warranted in these men. Given existing data on the risk of death by PSA concentration at age 60, these results suggest that three lifetime PSA tests (mid to late 40s, early 50s, and 60) are probably sufficient for at least half of men.
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| 31. |
- Wirtén, E. H., et al.
(författare)
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Culture unbound Vol. 11 Editorial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Culture Unbound. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 2000-1525. ; 11:1, s. i-ii
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 32. |
- Xiong, Kunli, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Video-Rate Switching of High-Reflectivity Hybrid Cavities Spanning All Primary Colors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 35:31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamically tunable reflective structural colors are attractive for reflective displays (electronic paper). However, it is challenging to tune a thin layer of structural color across the full red-green-blue (RGB) basis set of colors at video rates and with long-term stability. In this work, this is achieved through a hybrid cavity built from metal-insulator-metal (MIM) "nanocaves" and an electrochromic polymer (PProDOTMe(2)). The reflective colors are modulated by electrochemically doping/dedoping the polymer. Compared with traditional subpixel-based systems, this hybrid structure provides high reflectivity (>40%) due to its "monopixel" nature and switches at video rates. The polymer bistability helps deliver ultralow power consumption (& AP;2.5 mW cm(-2)) for video display applications and negligible consumption (& AP;3 & mu;W cm(-2)) for static images, compatible with fully photovoltaic powering. In addition, the color uniformity of the hybrid material is excellent (over cm(-2)) and the scalable fabrication enables large-area production.
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| 34. |
- Al-Bishri, A, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic betamethasone accelerates functional recovery after a crush injury to rat sciatic nerve
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-2391 .- 1531-5053. ; 63:7, s. 973-977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of perioperatively systemically administered betamethasone on nerve recovery (within or outside a confined space) after induced nerve crush injury. Materials and Methods: The sciatic nerve of 40 adult Wistar rats was crushed. In half of the animals, the injured nerve was entrapped in a silicone tube to simulate the environment of a closed space, and in the other half the nerve was left to heal. Half of the rats in each group were treated with subcutaneous betamethasone (2 mg/kg body weight/day) during the first 24 hours, starting preoperatively, whereas the other half, the control animals, were given the same amount of physiological saline. All animals underwent preoperative and postoperative walking track analysis (toe spread [TS] and intermediate toe spread [ITS]) twice weekly for 6 weeks. Results: For nonconfined space groups, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P=.052 for ITS and P =.315 for TS) during the first 2 weeks. Starting from the end of the second week, animals treated with betamethasone recovered more rapidly than did the controls (P <.001) and continued to do so until the end of the observation period. In the confined space groups, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups for ITS (P <.001) and for TS (P <.05) during the first 2 weeks. The difference continued at almost the same level of significance (P =.001) for ITS, whereas for TS, the difference disappeared after the second week. Conclusions: We conclude that short-term perioperative administration of betamethasone has a beneficial effect on the recovery of the injured rat sciatic nerve.
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| 38. |
- Aronsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the plastid import reaction of the pea NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR)
- 1998
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Ingår i: The Chloroplast. - New York : Springer-Verlag. - 9780792355779 - 0792355776 ; , s. 167-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- NADPH: protochlorophyllide (POR) is a vital enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophyl where it catalyzes the reduction of Pchlide into Chlide in a light-dependent manner. POR is nucleus-encoded and imported into the plastids where it is found at the inner membranes. Together with its substrate and the co-factor NADPH it forms a ternary complex which is needed for catalytical activity. The anomaly of a decreasing POR level during active chlorophyll synthesis was cleared with the discovery of two different POR proteins, POR-A and POR-B, in barley and Arabidopsis thaliana. During greening, POR-A is negatively regulated by light both at transcriptional and proteolytical levels. In addition, the import of POR-A, but not POR-B, has been suggestedto require Pchlide in order to be translocated into the plastid. In this respect, POR-A differs from other known nucleus-encoded plastid proteins, and as it appears, this requirements represents a novel and exclusive import characteristic. In pea, only one POR gene has been found indicating that the situation for the regulation of POR import and accumulation is far from clear. We here present a characterization of the import conditions of the pea POR, including the potentional role of Pchlide inthe translocation step.
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| 39. |
- Arvidsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Resistivity imaging as a tool for rock quarry planning
- 2007
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Ingår i: Near Surface 2007. - 9781629937960
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the aggregate industry the use of geophysical measuring is rare. The aim of this project is to investigate how geophysical instruments can be a tool in prospecting for rock quarries, and also how they can be a help in which direction they should expand in. To have control over the quality of the aggregates is important and therefore to know when the rock mass is changing is of interest for the production. Two quarries, with different properties, were investigated with different geophysical methods, of which only the result from the electrical measurement is presented here. The fracture frequency was measured as well for comparison. The depth to the bedrock is visible in the inverted resistivity sections for the two sites, and an estimation of the quantity of the till is possible to make. It is also shown that the fracture frequency affects the resistivity of the bulk mass. The results also show that the resistivity imaging is well suited for detecting anomalies in the rock mass, which might affect the production.
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| 40. |
- Assel, Melissa, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Lead Time and Prostate Cancer Grade : Evidence of Grade Progression from Long-term Follow-up of Large Population-based Cohorts Not Subject to Prostate-specific Antigen Screening
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 73:6, s. 961-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lead time (LT) is of key importance in early detection of cancer, but cannot be directly measured. We have previously provided LT estimates for prostate cancer (PCa) using archived blood samples from cohorts followed for many years without screening. Objective: To determine the association between LT and PCa grade at diagnosis to provide an insight into whether grade progresses or is stable over time. Design, setting, and participants: The setting was three long-term epidemiologic studies in Sweden including men not subject to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. The cohort included 1041 men with PSA of 3–10 ng/ml at blood draw and subsequently diagnosed with PCa with grade data available. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict high-grade (Gleason grade group ≥2 or World Health Organization grade 3) versus low-grade PCa at diagnosis in terms of LT, defined as the time between the date of elevated PSA and the date of PCa diagnosis with adjustment for cohort and age. Results and limitations: The probability that PCa would be high grade at diagnosis increased with LT. Among all men combined, the risk of high-grade disease increased with LT (odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.16; p < 0.0001), with no evidence of differences in effect by age group or cohort. Higher PSA predicted shorter LT by 0.46 yr (95% CI 0.28–0.64; p < 0.0001) per 1 ng/ml increase in PSA. However, there was no interaction between PSA and grade, suggesting that the longer LT for high-grade tumors is not simply related to age. Limitations include the assumption that men with elevated PSA and subsequently diagnosed with PCa would have had biopsy-detectable PCa at the time of PSA elevation. Conclusions: Our data support grade progression, whereby following a prostate over time would reveal transitions from benign to low-grade and then high-grade PCa. Patient summary: Men with a longer lead time between elevated prostate-specific antigen and subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis were more likely to have high-grade cancers at diagnosis. The probability that a cancer will be of high grade at diagnosis increases with the lead time. Our findings provide evidence of grade progression, whereby a prostate followed over time would exhibit transitions from benign to low-grade to high-grade prostate cancer.
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| 41. |
- Beckman, K., et al.
(författare)
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Impulsive suicide attempts among young people-A prospective multicentre cohort study in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 243, s. 421-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to compare the prevalence of impulsive suicide attempts (ISA) among young adults and those over 25 who present at hospital in connection with attempted suicide. We also aimed to identify factors associated with ISA in young adults and to assess medical severity as well as the probability of repeated suicide attempts in this age group. Method: A prospective multicentre cohort study included hospital known cases of suicide attempt (N = 666). The prevalence of ISA was compared between young adults (18-25) and adults aged > 26. We used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with ISA, associations of ISA with high medical severity and prediction of new fatal or non-fatal suicide attempts within 6 months. Results: 43.7% of the young patients had made an ISA, and 30.2% among those aged > 26 (p = 0.001). Among the young, substance use disorder was associated with ISA; crude odds ratio (OR) 2.0 (1.0-4.2), and adjusted OR 2.1 (0.99-4.4). Affective disorder and unemployment/sickness absence implied lower odds of ISA. ISA resulted in injuries of high medical severity as often as more planned attempts and non-fatal or fatal repetition within 6 months was equally common (30%) in both groups. Limitations: The study was set in psychiatric emergency services, which limits the generalizability. Conclusions: Clinicians should acknowledge that suicide attempts among youth often occur without previous planning and may result in medically severe injuries. The probability of new fatal or non-fatal suicide attempts should be kept in mind also after an impulsive suicide attempt.
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| 43. |
- Bergman, Susanna L., et al.
(författare)
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In-situ studies of oxidation/reduction of copper in Cu-CHA SCR catalysts: Comparison of fresh and SO2-poisoned catalysts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SO2-poisoning results in deactivation of Cu-CHA SCR under standard SCR conditions; however regeneration at 700 °C completely restores the SCR performance. To understand the nature of these effects, Cu-species in the fresh and poisoned catalysts were characterized by in-situ temperature-dependent time-resolved Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) approach and continuous Cauchy wavelet transforms. The extracted chemically-meaningful reference spectra of Cu-species were analyzed by DFT-assisted XANES calculations. Cu-bisulfates were found as the most energetically favorable poisoned Cu-species. The response of Cu-species to a reducing environment differs in the fresh and SO2-poisoned catalysts. Differences in reducibility are related to the formation of quasi-linear Cu-complexes in the SO2-poisoned catalyst formed during heating in H2/He. Heating in H2/He leads to partial desulfurization of the poisoned catalyst. Cooling in H2/He after heating results in more facile formation of Cu-metal clusters in fresh catalyst than in SO2-poisoned.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- BLENNOW, M, et al.
(författare)
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Monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid following perinatal asphyxia
- 1995
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Ingår i: Biology of the neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126. ; 67:6, s. 407-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the release of neurotransmitters is involved in the pathophysiology of brain damage following birth asphyxia, it also plays a role in endogenous defense against such damage. Levels of monoamines and the main cerebral monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in asphyxiated and control infants within 24 h after birth. The results indicate an increased turnover of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine following asphyxia. Furthermore, the NA stores in the brain seem to be exhausted in some cases. We conclude that this increase in catecholamine turnover to some extent explains the clinical symptoms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and that it may reflect an intrinsic adaptive capacity to perinatal distress.
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| 47. |
- Brandt, J., et al.
(författare)
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Acutely-dissociated Schwann cells used in tendon autografts for bridging nerve defects in rats: a new principle for tissue engineering in nerve reconstruction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. - 0284-4311. ; 39:6, s. 321-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method of acute dissociation of Schwann cells was used to study the effect of addition of such cells to a tendon autograft--a recently-described graft material--on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. Autologous Schwann cells were obtained from enzymatic dissociation of predegenerated nerves. The tendon autografts were supplied with Schwann cells through brief in vitro coincubation. Schwann cell-free tendon autografts were used as controls. Axonal outgrowth was measured immunohistochemically after four, seven, and 10 days. At seven days, outgrowth was significantly longer in the pretreated autografts. The use of acutely-dissociated Schwann cells is a new approach to tissue engineering in nerve reconstruction, and may abolish the need for time-consuming culture of Schwann cells.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Chirindja, F. J., et al.
(författare)
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Improving the groundwater-well siting approach in consolidated rock in Nampula Province, Mozambique
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hydrogeology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-2174 .- 1435-0157. ; 25:5, s. 1423-1435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical electrical sounding was used for assessing the suitability of the drill sites in crystalline areas within a water supply project in Nampula Province in Mozambique. Many boreholes have insufficient yield (<600 L/h). Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was carried out over seven boreholes with sufficient yield, and five boreholes with insufficient yield, in Rapale District, in an attempt to understand the reason for the failed boreholes. Two significant hydrogeological units were identified: the altered zone (19–220 ohm-m) with disintegrated rock fragments characterized by intermediate porosity and permeability, and the fractured zone (>420 ohm-m) with low porosity and high permeability. In addition to this, there is unfractured nonpermeable intact rock with resistivity of thousands of ohm-m. The unsuccessful boreholes were drilled over a highly resistive zone corresponding to fresh crystalline rock and a narrow altered layer with lower resistivity. Successful boreholes were drilled in places where the upper layers with lower resistivity correspond to a well-developed altered layer or a well-fractured basement. There are a few exceptions with boreholes drilled in seemingly favourable locations but they were nevertheless unsuccessful boreholes for unknown reasons. Furthermore, there were boreholes drilled into very resistive zones that produced successful water wells, which may be due to narrow permeable fracture zones that are not resolved by ERT. Community involvement is proposed, in choosing between alternative borehole locations based on information acquired with a scientifically based approach, including conceptual geological models and ERT. This approach could probably lower the borehole failure rate.
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| 50. |
- Chirindja, F. J., et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing the formation of a costal aquifer in Nampula province, Mozambique, from ERT and IP methods for water prospection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Earth Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-6280 .- 1866-6299. ; 76:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In continental margin basins, the hydrogeological setting is complex due to transgression/regression events that removed old sediments in the basin and formed new geologic units. Due to the geological complexity, the use of vertical electrical sounding has proven to be insufficient for groundwater explorations. The lack of understanding the geological underground has resulted in many boreholes with low yield or poor water quality. By performing electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) measurements in 11 villages in Mongicual district, three different layers covering the basement were identified: a weathered autochthon layer, a weathered allochthon layer (paleo-coastal dune) and eolian white sand layer. The drilling at successful boreholes penetrates formations where the resistivity value is between 220 and 770 Ωm, whereas at unsuccessful boreholes the lower parts of the drilled range have resistivity values higher than 770 Ωm. Also, the thickness ratio of the weathered and semi-weathered layer in the unsuccessful boreholes is less than 1/3, whereas in all successful boreholes the ration is higher than 1/2. The difference between autochthon and allochthon layers was detected by heavy minerals content in the red eolian sand layer (Tupuito formation) that increased the chargeability value. The groundwater with a conductivity higher than 2000 µS/cm is linked to the white eolian sand. The surface extension of white eolian sand layer is small to be mapped; therefore, by mapping the eolian white sand formation and the use of ERT and enhanced with IP method would lower the failure rate.
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