| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Compagno, Michele, et al.
(författare)
-
Low diagnostic and predictive value of anti-dsDNA antibodies in unselected patients with recent onset of rheumatic symptoms: results from a long-term follow-up Scandinavian multicentre study.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 42:4, s. 311-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To verify the diagnostic accuracy of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies detected by the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test (CLIFT) in a cohort of unselected patients, referred to a rheumatologist due to recent onset of rheumatic symptoms. Method: A total of 1073 consecutive patients were screened for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs). Serum samples from 292 ANA-positive and 292 matching ANA-negative patients were tested three times for anti-dsDNA antibodies, using two different CLIFT kits (ImmunoConcepts(®) and Euroimmun(®)). An initial clinical diagnosis was made by rheumatologists unaware of the results. The diagnoses were updated after a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Results: CLIFT was positive at least once in 60 patients but only 23 patients were CLIFT positive in all of the assays. Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made initially in 65 patients, of whom 24 (37%) were CLIFT positive. Many other diagnoses were observed among the CLIFT-positive patients. Overall, 16 (5.5%) ANA-negative patients were CLIFT positive. After approximately 5 years, the diagnosis of SLE remained unchanged in 63 patients (23 CLIFT positive) and altered in only two (one CLIFT positive). Among the 36 CLIFT-positive patients who were not diagnosed with SLE at study entry, only one developed SLE during the follow-up period. Conclusions: CLIFT was not reliable as a diagnostic tool in unselected patients with rheumatic symptoms. ANAs were of little value as a screening test before the CLIFT analysis. CLIFT had surprisingly low positive predictive value (PPV) for the diagnosis of SLE despite its high specificity. For non-SLE patients, being CLIFT positive poses little risk of developing SLE within 5 years.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
-
A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
|
|
| 7. |
- van Deurs, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Marine ecosystem connectivity mediated by migrant-resident interactions and the concomitant cross-system flux of lipids
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 6:12, s. 4076-4087
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating research argues that migrants influence the functioning and productivity of local habitats and ecosystems along migration routes and potentially drive cross-system energy fluxes of considerable magnitude, yet empirical documentation of local ecological effects and descriptions of the underlying mechanisms are surprisingly rare. In this study, we discovered migrant-resident interactions and substantial cross-system lipid transportation in the transition zone between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea where a resident cod population (predators) was found to interact with a herring population (prey) on a seasonal basis. We traced the lipids, using fatty acid trophic markers (FATM), from the herring feeding grounds in the North Sea to the cod livers in the Western Baltic Sea. Time series analysis of population dynamics indicated that population-level production of cod is positively affected by the herring subsidies. However, the underlying mechanisms were more complicated than anticipated. During the herring season, large cod received most of its dietary lipids from the herring, whereas smaller cod were prevented from accessing the lipid pool due to a mismatch in predator-prey size ratio. Furthermore, while the herring were extremely rich in bulk energy, they were surprisingly poor in a specific functional fatty acid. Hence, our study was the first to illustrate how the magnitude cross-system fluxes of subsidies in migrant-resident systems are potentially constrained by the size structure of the resident predator population and the nutritional quality of the migrants.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Akrami, Rozita, et al.
(författare)
-
Comprehensive Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer Reveals Global Patterns and Targeted DNA Amplification.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as potent regulators of cell physiology, and recent studies highlight their role in tumor development. However, while established protein-coding oncogenes and tumor suppressors often display striking patterns of focal DNA copy-number alteration in tumors, similar evidence is largely lacking for lncRNAs. Here, we report on a genomic analysis of GENCODE lncRNAs in high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) molecular profiles. Using genomic copy-number data and deep coverage transcriptome sequencing, we derived dual copy-number and expression data for 10,419 lncRNAs across 407 primary tumors. We describe global correlations between lncRNA copy-number and expression, and associate established expression subtypes with distinct lncRNA signatures. By examining regions of focal copy-number change that lack protein-coding targets, we identified an intergenic lncRNA on chromosome 1, OVAL, that shows narrow focal genomic amplification in a subset of tumors. While weakly expressed in most tumors, focal amplification coincided with strong OVAL transcriptional activation. Screening of 16 other cancer types revealed similar patterns in serous endometrial carcinomas. This shows that intergenic lncRNAs can be specifically targeted by somatic copy-number amplification, suggestive of functional involvement in tumor initiation or progression. Our analysis provides testable hypotheses and paves the way for further study of lncRNAs based on TCGA and other large-scale cancer genomics datasets.
|
|
| 10. |
- Allesøe, Rosa Lundbye, et al.
(författare)
-
Discovery of drug–omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Nature. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 41:3, s. 399-408
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of multiple omics technologies in biomedical cohorts has the potential to reveal patient-level disease characteristics and individualized response to treatment. However, the scale and heterogeneous nature of multi-modal data makes integration and inference a non-trivial task. We developed a deep-learning-based framework, multi-omics variational autoencoders (MOVE), to integrate such data and applied it to a cohort of 789 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with deep multi-omics phenotyping from the DIRECT consortium. Using in silico perturbations, we identified drug–omics associations across the multi-modal datasets for the 20 most prevalent drugs given to people with type 2 diabetes with substantially higher sensitivity than univariate statistical tests. From these, we among others, identified novel associations between metformin and the gut microbiota as well as opposite molecular responses for the two statins, simvastatin and atorvastatin. We used the associations to quantify drug–drug similarities, assess the degree of polypharmacy and conclude that drug effects are distributed across the multi-omics modalities.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Anders, Berntson, et al.
(författare)
-
Polarisation dependence and gain tilt of Raman amplifiers for WDM systems
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series. ; , s. MI2/1-MI2/3
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the polarisation dependence and gain tilt of Raman amplifiers for WDM systems. We find no polarisation dependence of the gain for backward propagating pumps. Results from experiments on commercial 32-channel WDM system are presented, highlighting the effect of gain tilt and pump depletion.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Bolin, Karin, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Variants in BANK1 are associated with lupus nephritis
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a cause of significant morbidity in SLE. While the genetic background to SLE has been well characterized, less is known about genes predisposing to LN.Methods: The study consisted of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n=1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n=962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Norway/Denmark, n=833) on a custom array chip. Allele frequencies were compared between patients with LN, proliferative nephritis, end-stage renal disease and LN negative patients. SNPs with p-value <0.001 in the discovery cohort were analyzed in replication cohort 1. Ten SNPs associated with LN in the discovery cohort (p<0.0002) were genotyped in replication cohort 2. DNA methylation data were available for 180 LN patients from the discovery cohort.Results: In the discovery cohort, six gene loci were associated with LN (p<1x10-4, NFKBIA, CACNA1S, ITGA1, BANK1, OR2Y and PHCA). SNPs in BANK1 showed the strongest association with LN in replication cohort 1 (p=9.5x10-4), with a tendency for an association in replication cohort 2 (p=0.052). In a meta-analysis of all three cohorts the association between LN and BANK1 rs4699259, was strengthened (p=1.7x10‑7). There were no associations to proliferative nephritis or ESRD in the meta-analysis. Methylation quantitative trait loci (MeQTL) effects between a CpG site and several SNPs in BANK1 were identified.Conclusion: Genetic variations in BANK1 are associated with LN. There is evidence for genetic regulation of DNA methylation within the BANK1 locus, however, the exact role of BANK1 in LN pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.
|
|
| 15. |
- Bolin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Variants in BANK1 are associated with lupus nephritis of European ancestry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Nature. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 22:3, s. 194-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic background of lupus nephritis (LN) has not been completely elucidated. We performed a case-only study of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. Renal biopsies were available from 396 patients. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n = 1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n = 962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Denmark/Norway, n = 833) on a custom array. Patients with LN, proliferative nephritis, or LN with end-stage renal disease were compared with SLE without nephritis. Six loci were associated with LN (p < 1 × 10−4, NFKBIA, CACNA1S, ITGA1, BANK1, OR2Y, and ACER3) in the discovery cohort. Variants in BANK1 showed the strongest association with LN in replication cohort 1 (p = 9.5 × 10−4) and proliferative nephritis in a meta-analysis of discovery and replication cohort 1. There was a weak association between BANK1 and LN in replication cohort 2 (p = 0.052), and in the meta-analysis of all three cohorts the association was strengthened (p = 2.2 × 10−7). DNA methylation data in 180 LN patients demonstrated methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) effects between a CpG site and BANK1 variants. To conclude, we describe genetic variations in BANK1 associated with LN and evidence for genetic regulation of DNA methylation within the BANK1 locus. This indicates a role for BANK1 in LN pathogenesis.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Brönnimann, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Unlocking Pre-1850 Instrumental Meteorological Records : A Global Inventory
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 100:12, s. ES389-ES413
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instrumental meteorological measurements from periods prior to the start of national weather services are designated early instrumental data. They have played an important role in climate research as they allow daily to decadal variability and changes of temperature, pressure, and precipitation, including extremes, to be addressed. Early instrumental data can also help place twenty-first century climatic changes into a historical context such as defining preindustrial climate and its variability. Until recently, the focus was on long, high-quality series, while the large number of shorter series (which together also cover long periods) received little to no attention. The shift in climate and climate impact research from mean climate characteristics toward weather variability and extremes, as well as the success of historical reanalyses that make use of short series, generates a need for locating and exploring further early instrumental measurements. However, information on early instrumental series has never been electronically compiled on a global scale. Here we attempt a worldwide compilation of metadata on early instrumental meteorological records prior to 1850 (1890 for Africa and the Arctic). Our global inventory comprises information on several thousand records, about half of which have not yet been digitized (not even as monthly means), and only approximately 20% of which have made it to global repositories. The inventory will help to prioritize data rescue efforts and can be used to analyze the potential feasibility of historical weather data products. The inventory will be maintained as a living document and is a first, critical, step toward the systematic rescue and reevaluation of these highly valuable early records. Additions to the inventory are welcome.
|
|
| 19. |
- Buitenhuis, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential regulation of granulopoiesis by the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional inhibitors Id1 and Id2
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 105:11, s. 4272-4281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins function as inhibitors of members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating lymphopoiesis. However, the role of these proteins in regulation of myelopoiesis is currently unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id2 in the regulation of granulopoiesis. Id1 expression was initially upregulated during early granulopoiesis, which was then followed by a decrease in expression during final maturation. In contrast, Id2 expression was up-regulated in terminally differentiated granulocytes. In order to determine whether Id expression plays a critical role in regulating granulopoiesis, Id1 and Id2 were ectopically expressed in CD34(+) cells by retroviral transduction. Our experiments demonstrate that constitutive expression of Id1 inhibits eosinophil development, whereas in contrast neutrophil differentiation was modestly enhanced. Constitutive Id2 expression accelerates final maturation of both eosinophils and neutrophils, whereas inhibition of Id2 expression blocks differentiation of both lineages. Transplantation of beta 2-microglobulin(-/-) nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice with CD34(+) cells ectopically expressing Id1 resulted in enhanced neutrophil development, whereas ectopic expression of Id2 induced both eosinophil and neutrophil development. These data demonstrate that both Id1 and Id2 play a critical, although differential role in granulopolesis.
|
|
| 20. |
- Buitenhuis, Miranda, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein kinase B (c-akt) regulates hematopoietic lineage choice decisions during myelopoiesis
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 111:1, s. 112-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hematopoiesis is a highly regulated process resulting in the formation of all blood lineages. Aberrant regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling has been observed in hematopoietic malignancies, suggesting that regulated PI3K signaling is critical for regulation of blood cell production. An ex vivo differentiation system was used to investigate the role of PI3K and its downstream effector, protein kinase B (PKB/c-akt) in myelopoiesis. PI3K activity was essential for hematopoietic progenitor survival. High PKB activity was found to promote neutrophil and monocyte development, while, conversely, reduction of PKB activity was required to induce optimal eosinophil differentiation. In addition, transplantation of beta2-microglobulin (-/-) NOD/SCID mice with CD34(+) cells ectopically expressing constitutively active PKB resulted in enhanced neutrophil and monocyte development, whereas ectopic expression of dominant-negative PKB induced eosinophil development in vivo. Inhibitory phosphorylation of C/EBPalpha on Thr222/226 was abrogated upon PKB activation in hematopoietic progenitors. Ectopic expression of a nonphosphorylatable C/EBPalpha mutant inhibited eosinophil differentiation ex vivo, whereas neutrophil development was induced, demonstrating the importance of PKB-mediated C/EBPalpha phosphorylation in regulation of granulopoiesis. These results identify an important novel role for PKB in regulation of cell fate choices during hematopoietic lineage commitment.
|
|
| 21. |
- Carlsson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Receiver Model Including Square-Law Detection and ISI from Arbitrary Electrical Filtering
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series. ; , s. 68-69
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dynamic receiver model, which uses the electrical filter time response to include the effects of inter-symbol-interference (ISI) was described. The model consisted an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), a photodiode (PD), an electrical low pass filter (LPF) and a decision circuit. The model used matrix formalism, which made it directly applicable to numerical simulations. An example, measurements and numerical results on 10Gbit/s simulations, that showed the influence of ISI from a 4th order Bessel filter on the Bit Error Ratio (BER) was also presented.
|
|
| 22. |
- Carlsson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Rigorous modeling of noise and ISI in optical WDM receivers with arbitrary electrical filtering
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO - Technical Digest. ; , s. 532-533
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rigorous modeling of noise and intersymbol signal interference in optical wavelength division multiplexing receivers with arbitrary electrical filtering was presented. Simulations of a WDM back-to-back system was performed with 32 signal channels. Bit-error-rate was evaluated as a function of received power at the input to the pre-amplifier. Results indicated that for a filter with a narrow bandwidth, the impulse response was spread out, and the detected bit was affected by the impulse response from previous bits.
|
|
| 23. |
- Castor, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Distinct patterns of hematopoietic stem cell involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 11:6, s. 630-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cellular targets of primary mutations and malignant transformation remain elusive in most cancers. Here, we show that clinically and genetically different subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) originate and transform at distinct stages of hematopoietic development. Primary ETV6-RUNX1 (also known as TEL-AML1) fusions and subsequent leukemic transformations were targeted to committed B-cell progenitors. Major breakpoint BCR-ABL1 fusions (encoding P210 BCR-ABL1) originated in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whereas minor BCR-ABL1 fusions (encoding P190 BCR-ABL1) had a B-cell progenitor origin, suggesting that P190 and P210 BCR-ABL1 ALLs represent largely distinct tumor biological and clinical entities. The transformed leukemia-initiating stem cells in both P190 and P210 BCR-ABL1 ALLs had, as in ETV6-RUNX1 ALLs, a committed B progenitor phenotype. In all patients, normal and leukemic repopulating stem cells could successfully be separated prospectively, and notably, the size of the normal HSC compartment in ETV6-RUNX1 and P190 BCR-ABL1 ALLs was found to be unaffected by the expansive leukemic stem cell population.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Coque, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
-
Recovery of Nutrients from Cod Processing Waters
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Marine Drugs. - 1660-3397. ; 21:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liquid side-streams from food industries can be processed and used in food applications and contribute to reduce the environmental footprint of industries. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of protein and phosphorus separation processes, namely microfiltration, ultrafiltration and flocculation, using protein-rich process waters with low (LS) and high (HS) salt content from the processing of salted cod (Gadus morhua). The application of different flocculants (chitosan lactate and Levasil RD442) were evaluated at different concentrations and maturation periods (0, 1 or 3 h). The results showed that different flocculation treatments resulted in different recoveries of the nutrients from LS and HS. Proteins in LS could be most efficiently recovered by using Levasil RD442 0.25% and no maturation period (51.4%), while phosphorus was most efficiently recovered when using Levasil RD442 1.23% and a maturation period of 1 h (34.7%). For HS, most of its protein was recovered using Levasil RD442 1.23% and a maturation period of 1 h (51.8%), while phosphorus was recovered the most using Levasil 1.23% and no maturation period (47.1%). The salt contents allowed interactions through intermolecular forces with Levasil RD442. The ultrafiltration method was effective on HS since it recovered higher percentages of nutrients in the retentate phase (57% of the protein and 46% of the phosphorus) compared to LS.
|
|
| 26. |
- Djupsjöbacka, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic stimulated Brillouin scattering analysis
- 2000
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 18, s. 416-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, 1987-
(författare)
-
Multiphase models for freeze-thaw actions and mass transport in concrete hydraulic structures
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A crucial task for civil engineers is to make appropriate designs of new concrete structures and assessments of existing structures to ensure a long service life and sustainable use of the infrastructure. This doctoral thesis aims to increase the understanding of how advanced mathematical models can be used to describe phenomena and processes governing concrete degradation and thereby ultimately contribute to improving tools for design and assessments. The focus is on degradation processes that cause commonly observed concrete damage types in hydraulic structures exposed to cold climates and soft water. During a structure's service life, it is subjected to various deteriorating actions, but for the typical exposure conditions considered in this work, degradation due to freeze-thaw exposure and calcium leaching is of particular concern for the durability. Hence, the work related to improved modelling has been focused on phenomena related to these two degradation processes of concrete and how they may interact to produce damaging synergy effects.All developed models in this doctoral project treat concrete as a multiphase porous medium and use poromechanics to describe the coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of the material. Moreover, since the overall aim concerns degradation in hydraulic structures, the model development has focused on obtaining formulations applicable for structural-scale simulations. The models presented in this thesis describe long-term water absorption into air-entrained concrete and the response of partially saturated air-entrained concrete exposed to freeze-thaw conditions. In the latter models, the phase changes and the freeze-thaw hysteresis are explicitly considered in the formulations. The presented simulation examples are performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM), and the capabilities of the models are verified with experimental data from the literature. Additionally, accelerated leaching experiments on air-entrained concrete are presented, where the influence of leaching on the formation and melting of ice inside the pore space due to pore structure alternations are investigated.The main research contribution of this work is the development and evaluation of advanced models applicable for structural-scale simulations that describe essential processes and phenomena related to freeze-thaw exposure of air-entrained concrete. The experimental work shows the significant influence of calcium leaching on the freeze-thaw processes, and the results can also facilitate future development of models considering some of the interactions causing damaging synergy effects. Adopting a multiphase modelling approach has been found suitable for describing the coupled processes and including interactions between different deterioration mechanisms. The theoretical models can also help gain further insights and improve the understanding of the phenomena, and thus, e.g. aid in developing more simplified models suited for daily engineering applications.
|
|
| 29. |
- Eriksson, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Dual sightline measurements of MeV range deuterons with neutron and gamma-ray spectroscopy at JET
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations made in a JET experiment aimed at accelerating deuterons to the MeV range by third harmonic radio-frequency (RF) heating coupled into a deuterium beam are reported. Measurements are based on a set of advanced neutron and gamma-ray spectrometers that, for the first time, observe the plasma simultaneously along vertical and oblique lines of sight. Parameters of the fast ion energy distribution, such as the high energy cut-off of the deuteron distribution function and the RF coupling constant, are determined from data within a uniform analysis framework for neutron and gamma-ray spectroscopy based on a one-dimensional model and by a consistency check among the individual measurement techniques. A systematic difference is seen between the two lines of sight and is interpreted to originate from the sensitivity of the oblique detectors to the pitch-angle structure of the distribution around the resonance, which is not correctly portrayed within the adopted one dimensional model. A framework to calculate neutron and gamma-ray emission from a spatially resolved, two-dimensional deuteron distribution specified by energy/pitch is thus developed and used for a first comparison with predictions from ab initio models of RF heating at multiple harmonics. The results presented in this paper are of relevance for the development of advanced diagnostic techniques for MeV range ions in high performance fusion plasmas, with applications to the experimental validation of RF heating codes and, more generally, to studies of the energy distribution of ions in the MeV range in high performance deuterium and deuterium-tritium plasmas.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Fullman, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 390:10100, s. 1423-1459
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990-2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030. Methods We used standardised GBD 2016 methods to measure 37 health-related indicators from 1990 to 2016, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2015. We substantially revised the universal health coverage (UHC) measure, which focuses on coverage of essential health services, to also represent personal health-care access and quality for several non-communicable diseases. We transformed each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile estimated between 1990 and 2030, and 100 as the 97.5th percentile during that time. An index representing all 37 health-related SDG indicators was constructed by taking the geometric mean of scaled indicators by target. On the basis of past trends, we produced projections of indicator values, using a weighted average of the indicator and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2016 with weights for each annual rate of change based on out-of-sample validity. 24 of the currently measured health-related SDG indicators have defined SDG targets, against which we assessed attainment. Findings Globally, the median health-related SDG index was 56.7 (IQR 31.9-66.8) in 2016 and country-level performance markedly varied, with Singapore (86.8, 95% uncertainty interval 84.6-88.9), Iceland (86.0, 84.1-87.6), and Sweden (85.6, 81.8-87.8) having the highest levels in 2016 and Afghanistan (10.9, 9.6-11.9), the Central African Republic (11.0, 8.8-13.8), and Somalia (11.3, 9.5-13.1) recording the lowest. Between 2000 and 2016, notable improvements in the UHC index were achieved by several countries, including Cambodia, Rwanda, Equatorial Guinea, Laos, Turkey, and China; however, a number of countries, such as Lesotho and the Central African Republic, but also high-income countries, such as the USA, showed minimal gains. Based on projections of past trends, the median number of SDG targets attained in 2030 was five (IQR 2-8) of the 24 defined targets currently measured. Globally, projected target attainment considerably varied by SDG indicator, ranging from more than 60% of countries projected to reach targets for under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria, to less than 5% of countries projected to achieve targets linked to 11 indicator targets, including those for childhood overweight, tuberculosis, and road injury mortality. For several of the health-related SDGs, meeting defined targets hinges upon substantially faster progress than what most countries have achieved in the past. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides an updated and expanded evidence base on where the world currently stands in terms of the health-related SDGs. Our improved measure of UHC offers a basis to monitor the expansion of health services necessary to meet the SDGs. Based on past rates of progress, many places are facing challenges in meeting defined health-related SDG targets, particularly among countries that are the worst off. In view of the early stages of SDG implementation, however, opportunity remains to take actions to accelerate progress, as shown by the catalytic effects of adopting the Millennium Development Goals after 2000. With the SDGs' broader, bolder development agenda, multisectoral commitments and investments are vital to make the health-related SDGs within reach of all populations. Copyright The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article published under the CC BY 4.0 license.
|
|
| 36. |
- Fuxe, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
-
From the Golgi-Cajal mapping to the transmitter-based characterization of the neuronal networks leading to two modes of brain communication: wiring and volume transmission.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Brain research reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0173. ; 55:1, s. 17-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After Golgi-Cajal mapped neural circuits, the discovery and mapping of the central monoamine neurons opened up for a new understanding of interneuronal communication by indicating that another form of communication exists. For instance, it was found that dopamine may be released as a prolactin inhibitory factor from the median eminence, indicating an alternative mode of dopamine communication in the brain. Subsequently, the analysis of the locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons demonstrated a novel type of lower brainstem neuron that monosynaptically and globally innervated the entire CNS. Furthermore, the ascending raphe serotonin neuron systems were found to globally innervate the forebrain with few synapses, and where deficits in serotonergic function appeared to play a major role in depression. We propose that serotonin reuptake inhibitors may produce antidepressant effects through increasing serotonergic neurotrophism in serotonin nerve cells and their targets by transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), involving direct or indirect receptor/RTK interactions. Early chemical neuroanatomical work on the monoamine neurons, involving primitive nervous systems and analysis of peptide neurons, indicated the existence of alternative modes of communication apart from synaptic transmission. In 1986, Agnati and Fuxe introduced the theory of two main types of intercellular communication in the brain: wiring and volume transmission (WT and VT). Synchronization of phasic activity in the monoamine cell clusters through electrotonic coupling and synaptic transmission (WT) enables optimal VT of monoamines in the target regions. Experimental work suggests an integration of WT and VT signals via receptor-receptor interactions, and a new theory of receptor-connexin interactions in electrical and mixed synapses is introduced. Consequently, a new model of brain function must be built, in which communication includes both WT and VT and receptor-receptor interactions in the integration of signals. This will lead to the unified execution of information handling and trophism for optimal brain function and survival.
|
|
| 37. |
- Gakidou, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 390:10100, s. 1345-1422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. Findings Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men were smoking (124.1 million DALYs [95% UI 111.2 million to 137.0 million]), high systolic blood pressure (122.2 million DALYs [110.3 million to 133.3 million], and low birthweight and short gestation (83.0 million DALYs [78.3 million to 87.7 million]), and for women, were high systolic blood pressure (89.9 million DALYs [80.9 million to 98.2 million]), high body-mass index (64.8 million DALYs [44.4 million to 87.6 million]), and high fasting plasma glucose (63.8 million DALYs [53.2 million to 76.3 million]). In 2016 in 113 countries, the leading risk factor in terms of attributable DALYs was a metabolic risk factor. Smoking remained among the leading five risk factors for DALYs for 109 countries, while low birthweight and short gestation was the leading risk factor for DALYs in 38 countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In terms of important drivers of change in trends of burden attributable to risk factors, between 2006 and 2016 exposure to risks explains an 9.3% (6.9-11.6) decline in deaths and a 10.8% (8.3-13.1) decrease in DALYs at the global level, while population ageing accounts for 14.9% (12.7-17.5) of deaths and 6.2% (3.9-8.7) of DALYs, and population growth for 12.4% (10.1-14.9) of deaths and 12.4% (10.1-14.9) of DALYs. The largest contribution of trends in risk exposure to disease burden is seen between ages 1 year and 4 years, where a decline of 27.3% (24.9-29.7) of the change in DALYs between 2006 and 2016 can be attributed to declines in exposure to risks. Interpretation Increasingly detailed understanding of the trends in risk exposure and the RRs for each risk-outcome pair provide insights into both the magnitude of health loss attributable to risks and how modification of risk exposure has contributed to health trends. Metabolic risks warrant particular policy attention, due to their large contribution to global disease burden, increasing trends, and variable patterns across countries at the same level of development. GBD 2016 findings show that, while it has huge potential to improve health, risk modification has played a relatively small part in the past decade. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Gullstrand, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
-
Combination of Autoantibodies Against Different Histone Proteins Influences Complement-dependent Phagocytosis of Necrotic Cell Material by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 39:8, s. 1619-1627
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with autoantibody-coated engulfed necrotic cell material (NC) are frequently seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We evaluated the roles of complement, different antihistone antibodies (anti-H ab), and oxidative burst in the phagocytosis of NC by PMN, as well as association to disease activity and clinical phenotype in SLE. METHODS: ELISA and immunoblot were used to measure antibodies to different histone proteins in sera from patients with SLE and complement-deficient individuals. Phagocytosis of NC by PMN and oxidative burst activity was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: A clearly increased phagocytosis of NC was seen in patients with active SLE, which was associated with high levels of anti-H ab concentrations and oxidative burst activity. The complement system contributed to efficient phagocytosis of NC by PMN through activation of the classical pathway, and the phagocytosis was mediated by FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIB, and CR1 in combination. A pattern of high phagocytosis, consumption of classical pathway components, and a broad anti-H ab repertoire was seen particularly in patients with nephritis and serositis. The combination of antibodies to several different histone proteins, often with anti-DNA antibodies, promoted an efficient uptake of NC, whereas antibodies against only histone H1 or a few histones seemed to be of less importance. CONCLUSION: The distributions of specificities among anti-H ab are of great importance in the complement-dependent phagocytosis of debris from NC in SLE. Measurement of anti-H ab could be useful in monitoring of this disease and contribute to improved understanding of the autoimmune process.
|
|
| 40. |
- Hansson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Exit of pediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood is not associated with cell maturation or alterations in gene expression
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Molecular Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4598. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a bone marrow (BM) derived disease, which often disseminates out of the BM cavity, where malignant cells to a variable degree can be found circulating in the peripheral blood (PB). Normal pre-B cells are absolutely dependent on BM stroma for survival and differentiation. It is not known whether transformed pre-B ALL cells retain any of this dependence, which possibly could impact on drug sensitivity or MRD measurements. Results: Pre-B ALL cells, highly purified by a novel method using surface expression of CD19 and immunoglobulin light chains, from BM and PB show a very high degree of similarity in gene expression patterns, with differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a notable exception. In addition, the cell sorting procedure revealed that in 2 out of five investigated patients, a significant fraction of the malignant cells had matured beyond the pre-B cell stage. Conclusion: The transition of ALL cells from the BM into the circulation does not demand, or result in, major changes of gene expression pattern. This might indicate an independence of BM stroma on the part of transformed pre-B cells, which contrasts with that of their normal counterparts. © 2008 Hansson et al, licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
|
|
| 41. |
- Hay, S. I., et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Lancet Publishing Group. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 390:10100, s. 1260-1344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males and 1·96 years (1·69-2·13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2·3% [-5·9 to 0·9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs ofset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the fve lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16·1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally. Interpretation: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs ofset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention eforts, and development assistance for health, including fnancial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support. © The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
|
|
| 42. |
- Helvik, Anne-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Activity limitation and participation restriction in adults seeking hearing aid fitting and rehabilitation
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 28:5, s. 281-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purposes: We first aimed to describe demographic and audiological characteristics of adults referred to a university hospital for hearing aid (HA) fitting and rehabilitation. Our second aim was to employ an inventory that assesses life consequences of hearing impairment (HI) in terms of perceived activity limitation and participation restriction for the first time in a Norwegian adult outpatient population. A third aim was to study life consequences by audiological and demographic characteristics.Subjects and methods: During one year consecutive patients (n?=?343) were requested to answer the Hearing Disability and Handicap Scale (HDHS) assessing activity limitation and participation restriction in relation to an audiological examination and medical consultation. The mean threshold of hearing (MTH) was ascertained by pure tone thresholds at 0.5?–?1?–?2?–?4 kHz in the better ear.Results: Activity limitation and participation restriction were both higher for HA experienced than HA naïve subjects ( p < 0.01). In a multivariable model, the explained adjusted variance of activity limitation (R2) was 43.4% with MTH, perceived duration, and severity of hearing problems as predictor variables. Correspondingly, the explained adjusted variance of participation restriction was 28.4% for a model with MTH, age, gender and perceived severity of hearing problems as predictors.Conclusions: As a standard supplement to audiometric tests, HDHS may be successfully applied as a clinical tool among similar hearing impaired outpatients in order to assess activity limitation and participation restriction as part of audiological rehabilitation.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Jacobsen, A. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Velocity-space sensitivities of neutron emission spectrometers at the tokamaks JET and ASDEX Upgrade in deuterium plasmas
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 88:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future fusion reactors are foreseen to be heated by the energetic alpha particles produced in fusion reactions. For this to happen, it is important that the energetic ions are sufficiently confined. In present day fusion experiments, energetic ions are primarily produced using external heating systems such as neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating. In order to diagnose these fast ions, several different fast-ion diagnostics have been developed and implemented in the various experiments around the world. The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are given by so-called weight functions. Here instrument-specific weight functions are derived for neutron emission spectrometry detectors at the tokamaks JET and ASDEX Upgrade for the 2.45 MeV neutrons produced in deuterium-deuterium reactions in deuterium plasmas. Using these, it is possible to directly determine which part of velocity space each detector observes.
|
|
| 45. |
- Jacobsen, A. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 85:11, s. 11E103-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutronemission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of ameasured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR.
|
|
| 46. |
- Jacobsen, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
BER Model for Rx ISI Effects in WDM Systems Accounting for General LPF Impulse Responses for Correlation of Quadrature Polarization Noise Contributions
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications. ; 28:1, s. 52-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In [1] a rigorous model for Rx ISI effects caused by optical and electrical filtering in the receiver was presented aiming at 10-40 Gbit/s WDM system design applications. The model is applicable for general types of optical and electrical filtering. The model assumes Gaussian distributed noise contributions in the optical domain for in-phase and quadrature noise components in orthogonal polarization states and that these noise contributions are un-correlated. The optical filter is specified via the correlation function and the electrical filter via the impulse response. A limitation of the model was that only positive impulse responses could be accounted for when the noise properties of the receiver is specified. We present here an extension of the model in [1] to account in rigorous form also for negative impulse responses when determining the noise properties of the receiver. As a major theoretical result the formulation is extended to account for correlation between quadrature noise contributions - as it may e.g. be caused by four wave mixing effects in the transmission fiber - and noise contributions in orthogonal polarizations states - that may be due to saturation effects in cascaded optical amplifiers in the transmission path. The formulation leads to a Hermitian form of the covariance matrix. It is however to be noted that the covariance matrix in the situation with positive impulse response is positive definite (with positive eigenvalues) whereas in the general situation it is not positive definite and may have positive as well as negative eigenvalues. However, the Hermitian form allows in all cases a straightforward analytical formulation of the moment generating function (MGF) which in turn specifies the BER. The model is included in the simulation tool VPI-transmissionMaker™WDM and numerical examples for a 10 Gbit/s pre-amplified Rx shows that the influence of a negative impulse response may be (up to) several orders of magnitude in the BER.
|
|
| 47. |
- Jacobsen, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
New rigorous model for Rx ISI effects in WDM systems
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of optical communications. - 0173-4911 .- 2191-6322. ; 25:6, s. 241-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a model for Rx ISI effects using a new and completely general and rigorous dynamic Rx model for-mulation aiming at 10–40 Gbit/s WDM system design applications. The signal shaping part of an electrical fil-ter is modelled in the optical domain using the filter impulse response to modify the signal vector and the covariance matrix. In this way inter-symbol-interference (ISI) effects from any type of electrical filter – specified by the filter impulse response – can be described. The formulation leads to a Hermitian form of the covariance matrix, thus allowing a straightforward analytical formu-lation of the moment generating function (MGF) which in turn specifies the bit-error-ratio (BER). Numerical ex-amples for a 10 Gbit/s pre-amplified Rx shows that the ISI leads to (up to) several dBʼs degradation in sensitivity. Thus it is imperative to account for the Rx ISI effect in rigorous and accurate form in any general WDM trans-mission model.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Jacobsen, Jan, 1957-
(författare)
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinoma
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its isoforms were investigated in relation to the clinical course in a large number of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods. RCC subtypes and behaviour were established by clinicopathological criteria and surveillance. VEGF expression was analysed in serum by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and in tumour tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot (WB). Results. Serum VEGF (S-VEGF) was increased in RCC compared to control group. S-VEGF correlated with tumour stage and grade and was associated with survival in men but not in women. S-VEGF correlated with blood platelet counts, which were inversely correlated to increasing age in women, and they were decreased in chronically medicated patients, particularly in men. In contrast to S-VEGF, platelet counts associated with survival only in patients free of medication and chronic diseases. RT-PCR showed a correlation between VEGF121/VEGF165 mRNA and between VEGF165/VEGF-R1 mRNA. There was no association between different VEGF mRNA isoforms and S-VEGF. Conventional renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) had higher VEGF165, VEGF121, and VEGF-R1 mRNA levels compared with papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). IHC VEGF staining was strong in kidney cortex. Kidney tumour showed a considerable variation in cytoplasmatic VEGF expression, which correlated with tumour size. Although, there was no difference in VEGF expression between the RCC types, VEGF expression was associated with survival only in CRCC. WB showed a strong protein expression of both VEGF189 and VEGF165 in kidney cortex. In kidney tumour, expression of VEGF189 varied the most, VEGF165 less so, and VEGF121 was rarely detected. Both CRCC and PRCC expressed low levels of VEGF189 and VEGF165 compared with kidney cortex. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) expressed VEGF189 levels comparable to those from kidney cortex, while VEGF165 was lower. In PRCC and ChRCC, VEGF189 levels correlated inversely with advancing tumour stage, and in PRCC, VEGF165 levels correlated inversely with increasing tumour size. VEGF189 was an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with PRCC. Conclusions. S-VEGF has a stronger association to progression in RCC than platelet count. CRCC showed high levels of VEGF mRNA isoforms and VEGF-R1 mRNA compared to PRCC. VEGF mRNA isoforms expression decreased with advancing stage. IHC demonstrated VEGF expression in cell cytoplasm related to tumour growth, particular in CRCC. Different VEGF isoform patterns were found in different RCC types. Protein VEGF189 expression was associated with tumour stage and was an independent prognostic factor in PRCC. Protein VEGF165 expression was generally low and had no prognostic value. The trend for decreasing levels of VEGF isoforms in advanced tumour stages may indicate that angiogenic activity is an early event in tumour growth induced by VEGF, but that during later tumour progression the role of VEGF is less clear.
|
|
| 50. |
- Jacobsen, L, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of turbidity and prey fish density on consumption rates of piscivorous Eurasian perch Perca fluviatili
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of limnology. - Pavia : Pagepress. - 1129-5767 .- 1723-8633. ; 73:1, s. 187-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predator-prey interaction strengths in variable environments constitute a fundamental link to the understanding of aquatic ecosystem responses to environmental change. The present study investigates the effects of visibility conditions and prey fish density on predation rates of visually oriented piscivorous Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. This was done in outdoor mesocosm (16 m2) experiments with clear water and two levels of turbidity (25 and 105 NTU) and two prey fish densities [3.1 and 12.5 roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) individuals m–2]. Perch consumption rates were affected by visibility less than expected, while they were highly affected by increased prey fish density. Perch responded to high prey density in all visibility conditions, indicating that prey density is more crucial for consumption than visibility in turbid lakes.
|
|
