| 1. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Aesthetic design process: Descriptive design research and ways forward
- 2015
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumer response to designed products has a profound effect on how products are interpreted, approached and used. Product design is crucial in determining this consumer response. Research in this field has been centered on studying the relationship between product features and subjective responses of users and consumers to those features. The subject of aesthetic or styling design process has been relatively neglected despite the important role of this process in fulfilling intended consumer response through product design. In this paper, we present a review of descriptive design research on aesthetic design process, and highlight limitations of this research. We also suggest opportunities for further descriptive research on the subject of aesthetic design process.
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| 2. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Design for the BOP and the TOP: Requirements handling behaviour of designers
- 2015
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 375-385
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the people living in poverty and the people from developed countries, respectively. In the approach of business development combined with poverty alleviation, the design of products for the BOP plays an important role. There is an urgent need to develop an understanding of the process of designing products for the BOP. Requirements handling is an important ingredient of a design process. This research, using a protocol study, examined the differences between the requirements handling behaviour of designers when they design a product for the BOP and TOP markets. We found differences between their requirements handling behaviour in terms of their attention to different topics of requirements, and their handling of solution-specific and solution-neutral requirements.
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| 3. |
- Aranda-Jan, Clara B., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a framework for holistic contextual design for low-resource settings
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - 1991-3761. ; 10:3, s. 43-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthcare inequality is ubiquitous globally, but the effects are most striking in low-resource settings. In these settings, current methods for the design of medical devices are failing to address specific needs. The associated publications rarely describe how the context was studied at the front-end of design. There is a latent need for a holistic contextual framework for guiding the design decision-making process for devices in these complex contexts. We present results from a systematic literature review and expert interviews that informed the development of a framework for contextualized design for low-resource settings. The contextual factors identified are described and compared for different types of medical devices. This taxonomical framework aims to guide designers towards gaining a better understanding of the context of use when designing products for global challenges in low-resource settings.
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| 4. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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A new approach to materials in Product Design education : A shift from technical properties towards sensorial characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alive. Active. Adaptive : International Conference on Experiential Knowledge and Emerging Materials, EKSIG 2017 - International Conference on Experiential Knowledge and Emerging Materials, EKSIG 2017. - : TU Delft Open. - 9788790775902 ; , s. 182-193
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates a new pedagogic approach implemented in material courses for product design students at bachelor level education. Material education within the field of design education at technical faculties has, in general, a strong technical focus, e.g. selecting materials with predominant focus on engineering properties of materials. Product design education at a bachelor level need to offer material courses that prepares the design students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes. Early in the design education, students often have a preconception of materials, and they need to be introduced to an open-minded inspirational material selection process, based on scientific design methods. When developing a new curriculum for the material courses, it is important to teach materials and production methods in a contextualized setting with emphasis on how materials can be approached in a design process. Methods can be seen as mental tools that aids the design students in navigating complexity and offers them a structure to deal with unfamiliar territories. After an evaluation, we selected some methods, guidelines and tools to integrate in the mandatory material courses for the product design students e.g. the Expressive-Sensorial Atlas, Meaning Driven Materials Selection and the Material Driven Design method. The implementation were made in two steps in order to test, evaluate and further develop a framework for teaching materials courses to product design students. This study only reports the first step of implementation since the second step is under development and will be implemented during autumn 2017.
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| 5. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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A Shift From Technical Properties Towards Sensorial Characteristics in Product Design Education
- 2017
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Ingår i: Building Community, Design Education for a Sustainable Future. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&pde17). - : Institution of Engineering Designers. - 9781904670841 ; , s. 388-393
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to evaluate a new pedagogic approach implemented in a compulsory materials course for product design students at bachelors level at Malmö University. When developing a new curriculum for the material course, a decision was made to teach materials and production methods in a contextualized setting with emphasis on how students can deal with materials in a design process. Methods can be seen as mental tools that aid the design students in navigating complexity and offers them a structure to deal with unfamiliar territories. After an evaluation, some methods, guidelines and tools were selected to integrate in the compulsory materials course for the product design students, e.g. the Expressive-Sensorial Atlas [1], Meaning Driven Materials Selection [2] and the Material Driven Design method [3]. The implementation is made in two steps in order to test, evaluate and further develop a framework for teaching materials courses to product design students. The study evaluate the first step of implementation in general, and the implementation of the Material Driven Design method in particular. It is hoped that this research can contribute to further development of pedagogical approaches for teaching materials and production methods in a contextualized setting for product design students at bachelors level.
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| 6. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Material selection - A qualitative case study of five design consultancies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : The Design Society. - 2220-4334. ; 1:DS87-1, s. 439-448, s. 439-448, s. 439-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative case study aims at understanding when and how industrial designers, working in design consultancies, engage in activities that will influence material selection in the design process. While the extant literature presents material selection processes as a sequence of activities aimed at finding candidate materials, there is paucity of research on material criteria activities. Formulating material criteria is an activity that is performed during all design phases and they become clearer and more complete throughout the project. For the case studies, explorative semi-structured interviews were conducted with five industrial designers with 10 years of work experience or more. The results suggest (a) that risk management has a major influence on the material selection process, (b) that negotiations of project boundaries in the 'fuzzy' pre-design phase has crucial influence on the risk management aspect of the material criteria activities, and (c) a lack of awareness that design briefs usually outline material criteria expressed as sensorial characteristics, which are later translated by engineering into final material criteria used for the material selection process.
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| 7. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Material Selection in Industrial Design Education - a Literature Review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Design Education: Collaboration and Cross-Disciplinarity, Aalborg, Denmark, 8th-9th September 2016;DS 83: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE16). - : The Design Society. ; , s. 708-713
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews literature on the aspects of material selection within the field of industrial design education, specifically focusing on existing material selection tools and guidelines used in industrial design education. The growing number of materials available today has created a large variety of options for industrial designers, which they are ill-equipped to handle. A key reason behind this is that industrial designers lack appropriate education in material selection. There is a large body of research in the field of mechanical engineering, examining the material selection process of mechanical engineers. There are differences in material selection activities of mechanical engineers and industrial designers, based on their information requirements during different stages of the design process. Recent research highlights a need to merge the perspectives of engineering and industrial design for teaching the subject of material selection in industrial design education at tertiary level [1]-[3]. Industrial designers have unique skills to combine technical properties and intangible characteristics of materials in the product development process. Design students need to learn how to act as ambassadors of the intangible material characteristics in material selection processes in interdisciplinary teams. This paper suggests an approach that prepares the students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes.
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| 8. |
- ASBJØRN SÖRENSEN, CHARLOTTE, et al.
(författare)
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Material Selection in Industrial Design Education : A literature review
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education : Design education: Collaboration & Cross-disciplinarity - Design education: Collaboration & Cross-disciplinarity. - : Institution of Engineering Designers. - 9781904670773 ; , s. 111-111, s. 708-713
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews literature on the aspects of material selection within the field of industrial design education, specifically focusing on existing material selection tools and guidelines used in industrial design education. The growing number of materials available today has created a large variety of options for industrial designers, which they are ill-equipped to handle. A key reason behind this is that industrial designers lack appropriate education in material selection. There is a large body of research in the field of mechanical engineering, examining the material selection process of mechanical engineers. There are differences in material selection activities of mechanical engineers and industrial designers, based on their information requirements during different stages of the design process. Recent research highlights a need to merge the perspectives of engineering and industrial design for teaching the subject of material selection in industrial design education at tertiary level. Industrial designers have unique skills to combine technical properties and intangible characteristics of materials in the product development process. Design students need to learn how to act as ambassadors of the intangible material characteristics in material selection processes in interdisciplinary teams. Industrial design needs to reclaim material education when taught in technical faculties and develop its own curriculum. An open-minded dialogue with the engineering colleagues is a prerequisite in developing a curriculum for material courses in design education at a technical faculty. Together designers and engineers need to define a mutual understanding of concepts and contexts to successfully develop a new curriculum. This paper suggests an approach that prepare the students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes.
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| 9. |
- Corsini, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Design with and by Marginalized People in Humanitarian Makerspaces
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - : NATL TAIWAN UNIV SCI & TECHNOL. - 1991-3761 .- 1994-036X. ; 16:2, s. 91-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing demand for humanitarian aid around the world as the number of displaced people has reached an unprecedented level. At the same time, the number of community-based design and fabrication makerspaces has been growing exponentially. Recently the humanitarian sector has become interested in how these spaces can help marginalized populations, including migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. However, there have been few efforts to document what types of design projects marginalized populations develop in these spaces. More broadly, knowledge on design with and by marginalized people remains underdeveloped. This study responds to this gap in knowledge, by analyzing cases from three makerspaces that support migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in Greece. Ethnographic studies are conducted of twenty-three design projects emerging from these spaces. These projects are analyzed using the framework of Max-Neef’s fundamental needs to show how they simultaneously address functional and non-functional needs. For researchers, this study contributes to knowledge on design with and by marginalized people. For practitioners, this study helps to document the impact of humanitarian makerspaces by showing how design projects emerging from these spaces can address the needs of marginalized people. © 2022 Corsini, Jagtap, & Moultrie.
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| 10. |
- Hjort af Ornäs, Viktor, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The spread of product development methodology: Exploring drivers and barriers in Swedish Industry
- 2014
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Ingår i: 10th Biannual NordDesign Conference, NordDesign 2014, Espoo, Finland, 27-29 August. - 9781904670582 ; , s. 540-549
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outcome of Design, Innovation and Product development research is often manifested asrecommendations in the form of methods, but these do not always find their way intoindustrial application. This paper elaborates on drivers and barriers for the spread of productdevelopment methodology based on 41 interviews with managers, designers, developers andknowledge brokers. Results indicate a range of motives for adopting methods including e.g.coordination of different actors, generation of documentation, methods serving as tools forvarious design tasks etc. However; the value of tools must be seen in relation to localconditions and practices. The spread of methods occurs between and within organisations andmay be actively supported while ideally “good tools spread themselves”. Participants call formethods to be scalable or malleable, guiding, informing and enabling without constraining orenforcing too rigid procedures.
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| 11. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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A Conceptual Framework to Support Engineering Designers in Using In-Service Information
- 2012
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Ingår i: DS 70: Proceedings of DESIGN 2012, the 12th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia. - 1847-9073. - 9789537738174 ; , s. 1465-1476
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined In the global market of air transport, the integration of products and services is seen as being necessary for the long-term success of engine manufacturers. A flow of in-service information to designers is crucial for minimising in-service issues. A literature review showed that there are no studies that have proposed or developed methods or tools to support designers in using in-service information in a design task. The work presented in this paper aims at proposing a framework to support designers in using in-service information in a design task.
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| 12. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Adapting a causality model of technical systems to represent socio-technical systems: A Case study from the BoP
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base of the world economic pyramid, generally called the base of the pyramid (BoP), consists of four billion people with average daily income of four dollars. Over the past several years, the design and development of products and services for BoP markets has been investigated by several authors from different disciplines. While some authors suggest a systems approach to design and develop products and services for these markets, a little work has been carried out in this area. Specifically, no studies have been found in the reviewed literature that systematically explain how businesses bring about systemic changes in BoP markets. This study methodically explains how businesses bring about systemic changes in these markets through the design and development process. In order to explain these systemic changes, the study first describes the development of a causality-model for socio-technical systems by modifying a causality-model of technical systems. It then explains the developed causality model for the BoP. Lastly, it tests this model by an in-depth investigation of a case study from the BoP. The findings systematically explain the need of: gaining an in-depth understanding of the existing BoP system to bring about desired actions (e.g. gaining profits, satisfying under-served or un-met needs of BoP customers, etc.); including different stakeholders from the BoP in the design and development process; and appropriately modifying existing BoP system before deploying products and services. In addition, this study proposes some applications of the developed causality-model to support practitioners involved in designing, developing and assessing interventions (i.e. products and services) for BoP markets.
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| 13. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
-
BARRIERS AND ENABLERS IN CO-DESIGNING WITH MARGINALISED PEOPLE
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 1931-1940
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-design, design process, human behaviour, poverty, base of the pyramid (BOP)Co-design with marginalised people is crucial for sustained adoption and use of frugal innovations or Product Service Systems (PSS). Interviews were conducted with eighteen designers to identify barriers and enablers that they encounter in co-designing with marginalised people. The findings suggest that the factors supporting or hindering this co-design relate to the context of marginalised societies, co-design processes and methods, organisational issues, and aspects of collaboration. Consideration of these factors can lead to more impactful co-design with marginalised people.
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| 14. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
‘Causality’ in in-service information and design actions
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the global market of air transport, integration of products and services is now seen as being necessary for the long-term success of engine manufacturers. This paper describes research stimulated by a fundamental shift that is occurring in the manufacture and marketing of aero engines for commercial and defence purposes, away from the selling of products to the provision of services. Our collaborating aerospace company now offers TotalCareTM contracts, under which it leases engines to airlines while remaining responsible for their maintenance. The aims of our ongoing research are to: (1) understand the current flows of in-service information to designers; (2) understand the in-service information requirements of designers; (3) develop, based on this understanding, the most appropriate theories and methods to support designers in their new task. The work presented in this paper aims at understanding the use of in-service information in a design task by examining the executed design changes, and the rationale behind these changes. In an attempt to address this aim, a case study involving the redesign of the ‘burner seal’ of an aero engine, is used. The redesign is based on the in-service experience of the existing burner seal.
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| 15. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
-
Co-design with marginalised people : designers' perceptions of barriers and enablers
- 2022
-
Ingår i: CoDesign - International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1571-0882 .- 1745-3755. ; 18:3, s. 279-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base of the world income pyramid, typically known as the Base of the pyramid (BOP), represents low-income people living in developing countries. Co-design with BOP people is crucial for sustained adoption and use of products and services. Based on interviews with practising designers, we identify barriers and enablers that the designers encounter in undertaking various tasks in the process of co-designing with these marginalised people. The findings suggest that a broad range of factors, related to the BOP context, co-design processes and methods, organisational issues, and aspects of collaboration, support or hinder activities in the co-design process. Consideration of these factors, as perceived by the designers, can lead to more impactful co-design with BOP people.
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| 16. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
-
Codesign in resource-limited societies : theoretical perspectives, inputs, outputs and influencing factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Research in Engineering Design. - : Springer. - 0934-9839 .- 1435-6066. ; 33:2, s. 191-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Codesign with resource-constrained people living in developing countries is crucial for sustained adoption and use of designed solutions. Several studies have investigated codesign with resource-constrained people. It is, therefore, important to understand what has been investigated and learnt so far as well as to plan for further scholarly exploration of this field. To address this, I applied a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to understand main sources, definitions, and theoretical perspectives regarding codesign with resource-constrained people. The SLR also aimed to understand inputs and outputs of codesign as well as factors influencing the codesign process. The findings portray a multifaceted picture regarding these aspects of codesign. I discuss implications of review findings for the practice of codesigning solutions with resource-constrained people, identify concerns that researchers should have about this field, and offer suggestions for future research in this field of codesign.
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| 17. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing design processes for the BOP and TOP markets
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICED. - 2220-4342 .- 2220-4334. - 9781904670445 ; 1, s. 211-220
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study, using a protocol analysis, compared the design processes for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between the design processes for these markets in terms of the design strategy employed by the designers (i.e. problem driven, solution driven strategy), their requirements handling behaviour, and their information behaviour. We have discussed the implications of the findings for design practice and education.
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| 18. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Development of Products and Services at the Base of the Pyramid: A Review of Issues and Solutions
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Society. - 1756-2546. ; 5:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe base of the world income pyramid, generally called the ‘Base of the Pyramid’ (BoP), consists of four billion people with average per day income of less than four dollars. Over the past several years, the design and development of products and services at the BoP (BoP people as producers and consumers as well) has been investigated by several authors from different disciplines. A literature review showed that the issues (i.e. constraints) in designing and developing products and services at the BoP and ingredients of solutions addressing these issues have not been synthesised. Furthermore, quantitative findings on these issues and solution-ingredients are lacking. This paper addresses these gaps by pulling together the issues and solution-ingredients in the BoP from the reviewed literature and comparing these with a large study found in this literature. In addition, through the analysis of the data available in this large study, we extracted some quantitative findings on these issues and solution-ingredients, and identified relationships between them. We have discussed the practical implications of these findings. This study adds to the growing body of literature on the sustainable development at the BoP.
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| 19. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Frugal Innovations : Three roles of resource-poor people
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Design Conference. - : The Design Society. - 9789537738594 ; , s. 2657-2668
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design is imperative to satisfy needs of people in resource-limited societies. Many design studies have been carried out in the context of such societies in developing countries, and are discussed under names such as humanitarian engineering, frugal innovations, appropriate technology, design at the Base of the Pyramid, design for development, etc. In this paper, we review a wide range of literature, with close analysis of 30 design studies in this field to understand how marginalised people were engaged and positioned in those studies and to plan for future research in this field.
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| 20. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Design and Poverty : A Review of Contexts, Roles of Poor People, and Methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research in Engineering Design. - : Springer. - 0934-9839 .- 1435-6066. ; 30:1, s. 41-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design is essential to fulfil unmet or under-served needs of resource-poor societies, supporting their social and human development. A great deal of design research has been undertaken in such low resource settings, and is discussed under different names, such as ‘community development engineering’, ‘humanitarian engineering’, ‘appropriate technology’, ‘design for development’, ‘design at the Base of the Pyramid’, etc. This has created an important need to know what has been examined and learnt so far and to plan for further investigation. To address this, we review a broad range of literature, with close examination of 30 design studies in this field. This reveals a multifaceted picture, showing a great diversity in investigation and reporting of attributes of context (income, rural and urban, design sectors, countries, and gender), the roles of poor people (consumers, producers, and co-designers), characteristics of research methods employed (e.g. descriptive and prescriptive, data collection methods, qualitative and quantitative aspects, and unit of analysis), and design topics. Based on the review results, we offer recommendations for further research, identifying concerns that researchers ought to have about this field and suggesting ways in which research in this field can be undertaken and reported.
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| 21. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Design creativity : refined method for novelty assessment
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2165-0349 .- 2165-0357. ; 7:1-2, s. 99-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novelty is an important characteristic of a creative idea, forming a core component of creativity. Measurement of novelty is therefore essential to assess creativity. We found deficiencies in a frequently cited method of novelty assessment found in the literature. We refine this method by proposing four modifications, supported by drawing on examples of products and ideas. The refined method and the original method are evaluated by benchmarking them against the collective, intuitive assessment of product novelty by experienced designers. The overall achievement of the refined method as presented in this paper is its contribution to a better assessment of product novelty.
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| 22. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Design for resource-limited societies : Informational behaviour of designers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334. ; 1:DS87-1, s. 21-30, s. 21-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a sharp contrast between High Resource Settings (HRSs), commonly seen in developed countries and Low Resource Settings (LRSs), typically found in the marginalised sections of societies around the world. Product design for LRSs is crucial to satisfy unmet or under-served needs of the people living in LRSs. Supporting designers to develop successful products for LRSs demands developing an in-depth understanding of their design process, including their informational behaviour. In this research, using think aloud protocol analysis, we compared the designers' informational behaviour in designing products for LRSs and HRSs, where HRSs is considered a baseline. The findings indicate that designing products for LRSs is more information intensive, and that it influences the informational activities of designers, thus indicating potential impact of a resource-setting on the way designers deal with information.
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| 23. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design for the BOP and TOP markets: Strategies used by the design students
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study aims at exploring the differences between the design strategies used by the industrial design students in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between their design strategies (i.e. problem driven strategy, solution driven strategy) in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. We have discussed the implications of the findings for design practice and education. In particular, we have discussed how university-based design projects for the BOP can help in developing students’ different design skills.
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| 24. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Design, Frugal Innovations and Low-Resource Settings : An Analysis of Five Contextual Aspects
- 2021
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811601187 ; , s. 705-714
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing frugal innovations is crucial to alleviate problems faced by peo-ple living in low resource settings. Many design studies have been undertaken in such low resource settings. These studies are discussed using a variety of names such as ‘frugal innovations’, ‘appropriate technology’, ‘design for the Base of the Pyramid (BOP)’, ‘product service systems for BOP’, ‘community development engineering’, ‘design for development’, etc. There is an important need to know in what context these studies were undertaken. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the con-textual aspects of these studies, we review a wide range of literature, focussing on design studies in this field. The review findings show a multifaceted picture, revealing a large variety in examination and presentation of contextual aspects such as income, design sectors, countries, rural-urban, and gender. Based on the review findings, we offer recommendation for practice, education and research of designing frugal innova-tions in low resource settings.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design methods and factors influencing their uptake in product development companies: A review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Design Conference - DESIGN'14. - 1847-9073. ; DS 77, s. 231-240, s. 231-240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design methods are necessary to support product development companies in improving their product development processes, and thereby in producing high quality products. The uptake of design methods in product development companies is limited and lower than one might expect. There is a wide variety of literature related to factors that influence the uptake of design methods in companies. In this paper, we synthesised this literature, and in particular, developed a framework of factors than can influence the uptake of design methods in product development companies.
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| 27. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design of Artificial Intelligence-Based Products : Barriers and Enablers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Design in the Era of Industry 4.0, Volume 3. - : Springer. ; , s. 647-658
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) embodied products are becoming ubiquitous in the modern world. Organizations are hence updating themselves to design and develop such products. In this paper, we aim at identifying enablers and barriers in designing such products across several sectors. Our analysis of a broad range of literature in this field allowed us to identify these enablers and barriers. We have developed SOTCUT and SEECUT models representing these enablers and barriers. We have discussed implication of the findings for the practice of designing AI-embodied products.
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| 28. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of Product Service Systems at the Base of The Pyramid
- 2013
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe Base of the Pyramid (BoP) consists of about two-fifths of the world population. This population can be categorized as poor with income of less than 2 dollars per day. It is important to alleviate poverty. One of the promising approaches to tackle the wicked problem of poverty is business development combined with poverty alleviation. In this approach, integrated solutions are necessary in order to address the diverse issues in the BoP. These integrated solutions are in the form of product service systems (PSS) rather than the conventional product-oriented or service-oriented solutions. In this paper, we explore different issues that need to be addressed in the PSS design at the BoP. We have also explored strategies used in this PSS design. We have used a case study to explain these issues and strategies. In addition, we have identified salient characteristics of the PSS design at the BoP.
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| 29. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Designing integrated solutions for resource-limited societies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research & Education in Design: People & Processes & Products & PhilosophyProceedings of the 1st International Conference on Research and Education in Design (REDES 2019), November 14-15, 2019, Lisbon, Portugal. - : CRC Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poverty is characterized by many different constraints at individual, institutional, economic, and technological levels. To satisfy unmet or underserved needs of people living in poverty, it is essential to address all the relevant constraints in the target context through the design of integrated solutions. Although previous studies in this field have indicated that designing such solutions requires involvement of many stakeholders, there is a lack of related research in this field. To address this, using a case study methodology, we analysed two design projects that have successfully responded to all the pertinent constraints in the resource-limited societies, supporting social and human development of the marginalised people. Based on the findings of these design case studies, we developed a framework of stakeholder inputs, representing a diverse range of stakeholders, embedded within or outside the context of poverty and contributing towards the design of integrated solutions.
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| 30. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Fighting poverty through design: Comparing design processes for the base and the top income pyramid
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:DS75-01, s. 211-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study aims at exploring the differences between the design strategies used by the industrial design students in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between their design strategies (i.e. problem driven strategy, solution driven strategy) in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. We have discussed the implications of the findings for design practice and education. In particular, we have discussed how university-based design projects for the BOP can help in developing students’ different design skills.
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| 31. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Frugal-IDeM : An Integrated Methodology for Designing Frugal Innovations in Low-Resource Settings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811601187 ; , s. 41-51
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- People living in low-resource settings at the base of the world income pyra-mid (i.e. Base of the Pyramid — BOP) face several constraints. To satisfy their unmet needs, integrated frugal innovations are necessary. Several studies, discussed using many names such as ‘design for Base of the Pyramid’, ‘design for development’, ‘prod-uct service systems’, ‘frugal innovations’, ‘humanitarian engineering’, ‘appropriate technology’, etc., have explored the design of such integrated frugal innovations for the BOP. Based on ten key design aspects, gleaned from such studies, this paper aims at developing an Integrated Design Methodology for designing frugal innovations for the BOP (Frugal-IDeM). We have related the key design aspects with the various phases in the design and development process. The Frugal-IDeM also includes recommendations for how to implement the key design aspects.
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| 32. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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How design process for the Base of the Pyramid differs from that for the Top of the Pyramid
- 2014
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Ingår i: Design Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-694X .- 1872-6909. ; 35:5, s. 527-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of the poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation. However, the current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study, using a protocol analysis, compared design processes for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the difference between the design processes for these markets in terms of the design strategy employed by the designers (i.e. problem driven, solution driven strategy), their requirements handling behaviour, and their information behaviour.
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| 33. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Ideation Metrics: Interdependency between Average Novelty and Variety
- 2012
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Ingår i: DS 70: Proceedings of DESIGN 2012, the 12th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia. - 1847-9073. - 9789537738174 ; , s. 1881-1892, s. 1881-1892
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined The importance of ideation in the conceptual design phase has been widely accepted. Shah et al. (2003) developed four key metrics for evaluating a designer’s exploration and expansion of design space. The four metrics are: novelty, variety, quality, and quantity of designs. The mean of novelty scores of ideas in a set (i.e. Average Novelty - AN) has also been used in some ideation studies. However, many of the studies that have computed AN and variety, have not examined the interdependency between them. This research aims at examining the interdependency between AN and variety.
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| 34. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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In-service information required by engineering designers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Research in Engineering Design. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-6066 .- 0934-9839. ; 22:4, s. 207-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes some research stimulated by a fundamental shift that is occurring in the manufacture and marketing of aero engines for commercial and defence purposes, away from the selling of products to the provision of services. The collaborating aerospace company offers contracts under which it remains responsible for the maintenance of engines which have been purchased by airlines through these contracts based on payment for usage. This has triggered a major re-assessment of the design of aero engines to reduce their overall life cycle costs, while maintaining performance efficiency. In this context, the use of in-service experience of existing engines is important in the design of components and systems of a new engine, to tackle in-service issues through design and thus to reduce maintenance costs and increase reliability. This paper aims at identifying designers’ requirements regarding in-service information. Semi-structured interviews with designers from an aerospace company were conducted; after these interviews, the designers were requested to comment on a set of questions regarding in-service information, indicating how frequently they might ask each of them when designing a new component or system. In addition, some documents containing the in-service information considered by the designers in designing components and systems of a new engine were analysed. The results indicate what in-service information is required by designers for this new task.
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| 35. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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In-Service Information Required in a Redesign Task: An Analysis of Documents from the Aerospace Industry
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research was undertaken in an aerospace company, which manufactures aero engines and also offers contracts, under which it remains responsible for the maintenance of engines. These contracts allow the company to collect far more data about the in-service performance of their engines than was previously available. This paper aims at understanding what parts of this in-service information are accessed when components or systems of existing aero engines need to be redesigned, because they have not performed as expected in service. In an attempt to address this aim, five case studies involving the redesign of components of an aero engine are examined. The redesign is based on the in-service experience of the existing components.The findings provide an understanding of the different types of information, and in particular the types of in-service information, accessed by designers in a redesign task.
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| 36. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Intentions and Inspiration in Shaping Visual Appearance of Products : The Practice of Professional Industrial Designers in India
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Design Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 21:1, s. 85-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eliciting specific intentions and seeking inspiration are important activities in the process of shaping a product’s visual appearance. A survey of the professional industrial designers was conducted to identify intentions (e.g. attributes, emotions) that they attempt to elicit, and also to identify inspiration sources and their media that they prefer not only in generating ideas to realise intentions but also in analysing and communicating intentions. The findings indicate that the designers frequently intend to elicit some specific attributes and emotions. Regarding inspiration sources and media, commonalities as well as differences were observed in the activities - analysing intentions, communicating intentions, and generating ideas to realise intentions.
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| 37. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Interdependency between average novelty, individual average novelty, and variety
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-0357 .- 2165-0349. ; 3:1, s. 43-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Idea generation is an important part of the engineering design process, and therefore significant research efforts have focused on developing methods to support designers in generating ideas. A key factor is the measurement of ideation effectiveness. The effectiveness of idea generation methods can be measured using metrics such as novelty, variety, quantity, and quality. Average novelty (AN) of a set of ideas is also used as one of the ideation metrics. However, the interdependency between AN and variety has been given little attention. An investigation of the interdependency between these metrics is important to enhance our understanding of the metrics of ideation, and thereby to develop methods for improving ideation effectiveness. This article examines the interdependency between AN and variety. In addition, the metric ‘individual average novelty (IAN)’ has been introduced, and the interdependency between ‘IAN’ and variety has been investigated.
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| 38. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Key guidelines for designing integrated solutions to support development of marginalised societies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 219, s. 148-165
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marginalised societies face a wide range of deprivations and constraints at individual, institutional, economic, and technological levels. To satisfy unmet or underserved needs of poor people living in these societies, it is essential to address all the relevant constraints in the target context through the design of integrated solutions. Many studies have explored the design of integrated solutions for these societies using approaches and concepts such as holistic design for low-resource settings, Base of the Pyramid, product service systems, subsistence marketplaces, etc. We perform a systematic review of a broad range of literature on integrated design solutions for marginalised societies, gleaning ten guidelines to support design practice in this field. The derived guidelines cover different phases of the design process and life cycle stages of the solution. Each guideline is supported by findings of several studies. We have also included a detailed, illustrative example for each guideline. Additionally, the review allowed us to offer recommendations for how to use each of the ten guidelines. Finally, we discuss the guidelines relating them to constraints in marginalised societies and unfamiliarity of practitioners about these societies. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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| 39. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Representing Interventions from the Base of the Pyramid
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Development. - 1913-9063. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base of the world economic pyramid, generally called the base of the pyramid (BoP), consists of four billion people with average per day income of four dollars. While some authors suggest a systems approach to design and develop products and services (i.e. interventions) for BoP markets, a little work has been carried out in this area. Furthermore, a framework to represent interventions in the BoP (i.e. socio-technical systems) and the resulting changes of state is not available. The reviewed studies on technical systems include models that represent inputs and the resulting changes of state in such systems; however, these studies have not been used to represent interventions in socio-technical systems. By modifying a causality model of technical systems, this study develops a framework called the IASTS model to represent interventions in a socio-technical system. It then explains the IASTS model by analyzing two case studies drawn from the BoP.
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| 40. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Requirements and Use of In-Service Informationin an Engineering Redesign Task: Case StudiesFrom the Aerospace Industry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the research stimulated by a fundamental shift that is occurring in the manufacture and marketing of aero engines for commercial and defense purposes, away from the selling of products to the provision of services. This research was undertaken in an aerospace company, which designs and manufactures aero engines and also offers contracts, under which it remains responsible for the maintenance of engines. These contracts allow the company to collect far more data about the in-service performance of their engines than was previously available. This article aims at identifying what parts of this in-service information are required when components or systems of existing engines need to be redesigned because they have not performed as expected in service. In addition, this article aims at understanding how designers use this in-service information in a redesign task. In an attempt to address these aims, we analyzed five case studies involving redesign of components or systems of an existing engine. The findings show that the inservice information accessed by the designers mainly contains the undesired physical actions (e.g., deterioration mechanisms, deterioration effects, etc.) and the causal chains of these undesired physical actions. We identified a pattern in the designers’ actions regarding the use of these causal chains. The designers have generated several solutions that utilize these causal chains seen in the in-service information.The findings provide a sound basis for developing tools and methods to support designers in effectively satisfying their in-service information requirements in a redesign task.
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| 41. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Resource-Limited Societies, Integrated Design Solutions, and Stakeholder Input
- 2019
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Ingår i: She Ji. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8726. ; 5:4, s. 285-303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poverty is a multidimensional issue, characterized by deprivations and constraints at the individual, institutional, economic, and technological level. To satisfy the unmet or underserved needs of people living in poverty, the relevant constraints in the target context must be addressed via integrated design solutions. Although previous studies in this field show that designing integrated solutions requires input from multiple stakeholders, there is a lack of relevant research examining the nature of this input. To address this, using a case study methodology, we analyzed three design projects that have successfully responded to the pertinent constraints within each context by supporting social and human development among its marginalized populations. Based on our findings, we designed a stakeholder input framework categorizing a diverse range of stakeholder perspectives—both inside and outside the context of poverty—that can contribute towards integrated solutions design. The findings and resulting stakeholder input framework can help designers gain a deeper appreciation of the constraints faced by marginalized societies, and how design input from various stakeholders can be mobilized to overcome these constraints and create value for resource-poor people.
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| 42. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Shaping products : Differences between expert and novice industrial designers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Design Conference, DESIGN. - : The Design Society. - 9789537738594 ; , s. 2229-2240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process of shaping a product's visual appearance is crucial in determining consumer response. However, extant research on the nature of expertise in this process is scarce. Specifically, there is absence of studies investigating differences between how expert and novice industrial designers use information in this process. This research, using think aloud method, compared informational behaviour of an expert and a novice industrial designer in shaping products. We report rich qualitative accounts of their informational behaviour, revealing a sharp contrast between them.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Linking Disruptive Innovations and BOP Markets
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base of the world economic pyramid consists of 4 billion people typically earning less than 4 USD per day. This population is generally called the base of the pyramid (BoP). Much research on BoP markets focuses on motivating companies to enter these markets to create a win-win situation such that companies can gain benefits and BoP customers can satisfy their unmet or under-served needs. The reviewed literature suggests the need of innovations to successfully deploy products and services in these BoP markets. The reviewed research on disruptive innovations suggests that these innovations provide a good opportunity in new markets in contrast to companies’ mainstream markets. This paper presents the findings of the initial phase of our research, and attempts to demonstrate that BoP can present a potential new market for companies to successfully employ disruptive innovations. This is shown by synthesizing the reviewed literature on: (1) design, development, marketing, and distribution of products and services in BoP markets; and (2) disruptive innovations.
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Christian, PhD, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping wicked problem solvers : innovating education programs through design thinking
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2020. - 9781912254088
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Societies across the globe are facing many unprecedented challenges; climate change, pandemics, and resource depletion, just to name a few. These societal challenges, the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, and companies’ demands about knowledge and skills required from future employees have put pressure on academia to develop suitable education programmes in many disciplines, including product development and mechanical engineering. In this position paper, we present our work undertaken in phase-1 of the development of a new MSc programme in the field of product development and mechanical engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology, aimed at addressing changing societal needs and demands of the future industry. We employ a generic design thinking approach, starting from key stakeholder needs with iterative execution of needfinding, benchmarking, and ideation. In these steps, we use several data collection and generation methods such as interviews, surveys, and workshops. The main outcome of phase-1 is the overall programme structure, consisting of three main focus streams — the engineering design core, three academic specializations (Product-Service Systems Design, Data-Driven Design, and Simulation- Driven Design), and the practical application profiling. Based on our experience of developing the overall programme structure, we offer recommendations for developing new programmes in this area.
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| 46. |
- Khadilkar, Pramod, et al.
(författare)
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Can Design Be Non-paternalistic? Conceptualizing Paternalism in the Design Profession
- 2021
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Ingår i: SHE JI-THE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ECONOMICS AND INNOVATION. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8726. ; 7:4, s. 589-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paternalism is an instance of someone making a decision on behalf of someone else. A professional designer can exhibit paternalism through conceptualizing, defining, and selecting current or preferable situations or while finalizing outcomes for stakeholders. Paternalism is thus, a critical ethical dimension related to the design profession. The design academy and community must theorize paternalism if we are to avoid or reduce it. Paternalism may be present at three critical junctures of design decision making. Our three-layer framework examines paternalism as it relates to design process decisions, decisions about participation in design, and normative framework decisions. The circular model represents the hierarchy of paternalistic decision making: any effort to overcome paternalism at the (inner) design level or (middle) participatory level will be ineffective if it is present in the (outer) normative layer. We discuss the extent of possible exhibitions of paternalism and the challenges to avoiding it in decisions at each layer, and contrast these briefly with overtly paternalistic design approaches, such as design for behavior change. We find that design may be inherently paternalistic, at times may need to be that way (in certain contexts especially, where expertise is required for decisions to be made accurately), and that it is up to the individual designer whether they exhibit paternalism in their design decisions or not.
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| 47. |
- Opiyo, Eliab, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual Design in Informal Metalworking Microenterprises of Tanzania
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 15:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product design is a key aspect of human intelligence and creativity, attracting not only experts but also people without any formal design training. Although numerous people in developing countries design and manufacture products in metalworking microenterprises in the informal sector, there is still little knowledge about their design process. This paper aims to fill this gap in design knowledge. We aim to investigate the design processes in metalworking microenterprises in the informal sector of Tanzania. In particular, we aim to explore how these microenterprises identify consumer needs and requirements, how they determine the specifications for the product, how they generate and evaluate alternative product concepts, and how they define product details. To address these aims, semistructured interviews were carried out in metalworking microenterprises operating in the informal sector of Tanzania. The findings reveal many facets of their design processes, providing a sound basis upon which design methods and tools can be developed to support their design activities.
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| 48. |
- Opiyo, Eliab, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual Design in Metalworking Microenterprises: An Empirical Study in Tanzania
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 2493-2502
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product design is a key aspect of human intelligence and creativity, attracting not only experts but also workers and self-employed without any formal design training. Although numerous people in developing countries design and manufacture simple products in metalworking microenterprises, there is very little systematic knowledge about their design process. This paper aims to fill this gap in design knowledge. We aim at investigating some aspects of design process in the metalworking microenterprises in Tanzania. The findings reveal how they identify needs, and generate and evaluate concepts.
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| 49. |
- Rosenholm, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Design of (Semi-)Autonomous Vehicles : Perceptions of the People in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 1719-1726
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of autonomous vehicles is gaining wide recognition in the industry, academia as well as socialmedia. However, there is a lack of knowledge on expectations of people regarding this topic. To this end,this paper analyses extant research on perceptions of people in various countries about semi-autonomous andautonomous vehicles. Secondly, based on the findings of this analysis, we developed a questionnaire togauge the perceptions of the people in Sweden regarding such vehicles. The findings have important implications for the design of AVs in Sweden, and possibly other countries.
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