| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Saffari, M., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of health-related quality of life in Iranian patients after recovery from COVID-19 : Demographic influences and insomnia
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health Science. - : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama. - 2252-8806 .- 2620-4126. ; 11:1, s. 220-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study sought to identify factors that may affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection in Iran. In a cross-sectional study 258 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, participants completed a questionnaire approximately one month after hospital discharge when demographic and clinical factors (including insomnia) and HRQoL were assessed. A logistic regression was used. Age, gender, marital status, education, having child, early physician visit, early diagnosis, early hospitalization, symptom type, Rhesus factor, and level of insomnia were associated with various components of HRQoL (p<0.05). In multivariate analyses, poorer physical HRQoL was independently associated with female gender (OR=4.53; 95% CI=2.22-2.29), initial symptom of cough (OR=2.73; 95% CI=1.26-5.94), and insomnia (OR=2.74; 95% CI=1.22-6.14). Poorer mental HRQoL was associated with being age 40 years or older (OR=1.90; 95% CI=1.02-3.54), female gender (OR=2.48; 95% CI=1.26-4.88), initial symptom being cough (OR=3.12; 95% CI=1.46-6.68), and insomnia (sub-threshold insomnia, OR=3.19; 95% CI, 1.51-6.74, to severe insomnia, OR=3.86; 95% CI=1.35-11.07). Healthcare professionals should be aware that older people, female gender, those with initial symptom of cough, and insomnia may be at greater risk for poor quality of life following hospital discharge.
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| 3. |
- Mahmoudi, H., et al.
(författare)
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A mediating role for mental health in associations between COVID-19-related self-stigma, PTSD, quality of life, and insomnia among patients recovered from COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 often suffer from psychological problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-stigmatization that may negatively impact their quality of life and sleep. This study examined mental health as a potential mediating factor linking self-stigmatization and PTSD to quality of life and sleep. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 844 people who had recovered from COVID-19 were called and interviewed. Data were collected using structured scales. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess fitness of a mediation model including self-stigma and PTSD as independent factors and quality of life and insomnia as dependent variables. Results: Mental health, COVID-19-related self-stigma, and mental quality of life were associated. Insomnia, PTSD, and COVID-19-related self-stigma displayed significant direct associations (r =.334 to 0.454; p <.01). A mediation model indicated satisfactory goodness of fit (CFI = 0.968, TLI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.071, RMSEA = 0.068). Mental health as a mediator had negative relationships with COVID-19-related self-stigma, PTSD, and insomnia and positive associations with quality of life. Conclusion: Mental health may mediate effects of COVID-19-related self-stigma and PTSD on quality of life and insomnia. Designing programs to improve mental health among patients with COVID-19 may include efforts to reduce negative effects of PTSD and COVID-19-related self-stigma on quality of life and insomnia.
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| 4. |
- Sanaeinasab, H., et al.
(författare)
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Development and Psychometric Assessment of the COVID-19 Health Literacy Scale : Preliminary Testing and Factor Structure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Literacy. - : Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. - 2476-4728. ; 6:4, s. 32-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objective: Improving the health literacy in the different populations regarding COVID-19 may be useful in the control of its prevalence. This study examined the psychometric properties of a newly developed disease-specific measure of health literacy related to COVID-19 to be used as a standard measure. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed to identify an item pool, and an expert panel was convened to choose items that might be included in the scale. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) was determined and face validity was examined by calculating the impact score in a group of social media users. The factor structure of the initial scale was examined in 590 Iranian individuals participating in online social networks in September 2020. Internal consistency of the scale was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability of responses was measured by Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: A five-factor solution for the 51-items scale was obtained through exploratory factor analysis. The five main dimensions were understanding, communication, information seeking, analysis, and behavior. The dimensions explained 47% of the variance in scale scores. Participants whose scores fell in the high category (27%) were significantly different compared to those whose scores fell in the low category (27%) on all dimensions (p<0.001). The CVR values for all items were greater than 0.85 and all items also got CVI values higher than 0.79 based on nine-person expert panel. The Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was 0.89, and it was ranged from 0.71 to 0.90. Test-retest reliability for the scale was high (r=0.89). Conclusion: Health Literacy Scale for protect against COVID-19is a valid and reliable measure for Iranian population. This measure should be translated, and administered, in other settings to replicate the results obtained here.
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| 5. |
- Jahan, I., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Health Hazards Among Traffic Police in South Asian Countries : Protocol for a Scoping Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Occupational health hazards and injuries are an alarming concern among traffic police. Occupational injuries affect the physical, social, and mental well-being of police personnel, which has various public health implications. The evaluation of occupational health and safety policies and regulations for the traffic police relies on their occupational exposure and health hazard statistics and assessments. Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically explore, analyze, and describe relevant findings from all studies conducted on occupational exposure and associated health hazards among traffic police in South Asia. Methods: The scoping review will include studies that assessed occupational exposure prevalence, types, knowledge, predisposing factors, and prevention strategies. Databases like PubMed, Springer Link, EBSCOhost, the Cochrane library, and Google Scholar will be used to obtain both published and unpublished works in the English language. Relevant gray literature, including governmental and international organization reports, will be examined. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, the full-text analysis will begin. Arksey and O'Malley's methodology framework for scoping reviews will be followed. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, the scoping review will be reported. Two qualified reviewers will independently conduct article screening and data extraction. The extracted data will then be tabulated and accompanied by an explanation to facilitate comprehension. We will extract relevant article results using NVivo (version 10; QSR International) and thematic content analysis. The included articles will be evaluated using the mixed methods appraisal tool (version 2018). Results: The scoping review will provide insight into how occupational health hazards affect traffic police physically and psychologically in South Asia. The theoretical conceptualization of different aspects of the occupational health of traffic police will emphasize future studies in this region, which will inform policy makers to revise their occupational health and safety policies and principles. It will have implications for taking necessary preventive measures in the future to reduce occupational injuries and fatalities resulting from different types of occupational hazards. Conclusions: This scoping review will describe the overview of occupational hazards among South Asian traffic police and will provide insights for policy makers to implement changes and to adapt new strategies.
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| 6. |
- Benatar, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of arimoclomol in patients with early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ORARIALS-01) : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 23:7, s. 687-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Arimoclomol, a heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) co-inducer, is neuroprotective in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with multiple mechanisms of action, including clearance of protein aggregates, a pathological hallmark of sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of arimoclomol in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Methods: ORARIALS-01 was a multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial done at 29 centres in 12 countries in Europe and North America. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older and met El Escorial criteria for clinically possible, probable, probable laboratory-supported, definite, or familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; had an ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised score of 35 or more; and had slow vital capacity at 70% or more of the value predicted on the basis of the participant's age, height, and sex. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) in blocks of 6, stratified by use of a stable dose of riluzole or no riluzole use, to receive oral arimoclomol citrate 1200 mg/day (400 mg three times per day) or placebo. The Randomisation sequence was computer generated centrally. Investigators, study personnel, and study participants were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS) rank score over 76 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome and safety were analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03491462, and is completed.Findings: Between July 31, 2018, and July 17, 2019, 287 patients were screened, 245 of whom were enrolled in the trial and randomly assigned. The modified intention-to-treat population comprised 239 patients (160 in the arimoclomol group and 79 in the placebo group): 151 (63%) were male and 88 (37%) were female; mean age was 57·6 years (SD 10·9). CAFS score over 76 weeks did not differ between groups (mean 0·51 [SD 0·29] in the arimoclomol group vs 0·49 [0·28] in the placebo group; p=0·62). Cliff's delta comparing the two groups was 0·039 (95% CI –0·116 to 0·194). Proportions of participants who died were similar between the treatment groups: 29 (18%) of 160 patients in the arimoclomol group and 18 (23%) of 79 patients in the placebo group. Most deaths were due to disease progression. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal. Adverse events were more often deemed treatment-related in the arimoclomol group (104 [65%]) than in the placebo group (41 [52%]) and more often led to treatment discontinuation in the arimoclomol group (26 [16%]) than in the placebo group (four [5%]).Interpretation: Arimoclomol did not improve efficacy outcomes compared with placebo. Although available biomarker data are insufficient to preclude future strategies that target the HSP response, safety data suggest that a higher dose of arimoclomol would not have been tolerated.Funding: Orphazyme.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Choudhary, MI, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance and Tolerance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance and tolerance are natural phenomena that arose due to evolutionary adaptation of microorganisms against various xenobiotic agents. These adaptation mechanisms make the current treatment options challenging as it is increasingly difficult to treat a broad range of infections, associated biofilm formation, intracellular and host adapted microbes, as well as persister cells and microbes in protected niches. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to identify the most promising drug targets to overcome the existing hurdles in the treatment of infectious diseases. Furthermore, discovery of novel drug candidates is also much needed, as few novel antimicrobial drugs have been introduced in the last two decades. In this review, we focus on the strategies that may help in the development of innovative small molecules which can interfere with microbial resistance mechanisms. We also highlight the recent advances in optimization of growth media which mimic host conditions and genome scale molecular analyses of microbial response against antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, we discuss the identification of antibiofilm molecules and their mechanisms of action in the light of the distinct physiology and metabolism of biofilm cells. This review thus provides the most recent advances in host mimicking growth media for effective drug discovery and development of antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.
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| 9. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A Hierarchical Model Predictive Control Framework for Autonomous Ground Vehicles
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Control Conference. - 0743-1619. - 9781424420797 ; , s. 3719 - 3724
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hierarchical framework based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) for autonomous vehicles is presented. We formulate a predictive control problem in order to best follow a given path by controlling the front steering angle while fulfilling various physical and design constraints.We start from the low-level active steering-controller presented in [3], [9] and integrate it with a high level trajectory planner. At both levels MPC design is used. At the high-level, a trajectory is computed on-line, in a receding horizon fashion, based on a simplified point-mass vehicle model. At the low-level a MPC controller computes the vehicle inputs in order to best follow the desired trajectory based on detailed nonlinear vehicle model.This article presents the approach, the method for implementing it, and successful preliminary simulative results on slippery roads at high entry speed.
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| 10. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A Model Predictive Control Approach for Combined Braking and Steering in Autonomous Vehicles
- 2007
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Ingår i: 15th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, Athens, Greece, June 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for combined braking and steering systems in autonomous vehicles. We start from the result presented in [1] and [2], where a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) for autonomous steering systems has been presented. We formulate a predictive control problem in order to best follow a given path by controlling the front steering angle and the brakes at the four wheels independently, while fulfilling various physical and design constraints.
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| 11. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A Real-Time Model Predictive Control Approach for Autonomous Active Steering
- 2006
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Ingår i: First IFAC International workshop on NMPC for Fast Systems, Grenoble, France, October 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of controlling the front steering to stabilize a vehicle along a desired path is tackled in this paper. Although a Non-LinearModel Predictive Control (NLMPC) approach can achieve good performance and constraints fulfillment, its computational burden does not allow a real-time implementation. In order to decrease the complexity of the controller, in this paper we propose a suboptimal MPC scheme based on successive on-line linearizations of the non-linear vehicle model. The method stems from an accurate analysis of the vehicle nonlinearities, the constraints and the performance index in the optimal control problem. The simulation results show a significant reduction of the controller complexity, with a small loss of performances respect to a NLMPC controller. The suboptimal MPC control policy is compared to the control policy of a robot driver from Ford Motor Company.We show that better performance can be achieved with a smaller control effort, without violating vehicle physical constraints, by using a systematic control design procedure.
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| 12. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Validation of Integrated Steering and Braking Model Predictive Control
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems. - 1471-0226 .- 1741-5306. ; 7:3/4, s. 292-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present and discuss an in-vehicle experimental validation of an integrated steering and braking Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm. The experimental results are obtained in autonomous path following tests, where the vehicle has to autonomously perform a double lane change maneuver by simultaneously coordinating the front steering and the braking torques at the four wheels.The maneuvers are performed at high speed on slippery surfaces in order tooperate close to the vehicle stability limits.The proposed controller is an MPC based on successive on-line linearizations of the nonlinear vehicle model. Experimental tests of a double lane change maneuvers at 70 Kph are shown and complex countersteering maneuvers are presented and discussed.
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| 13. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated Braking and Steering Model Predictive Control Approach in Autonomous Vehicles
- 2007
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Ingår i: 5-th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control, Berkeley, CA, USA, August 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for combined braking and steering systems in autonomous vehicles. We start from the result presented in (Borrelli et al. (2005)) and (Falcone et al. (2007a)), wherea Model Predictive Controller (MPC) for autonomous steering systems has been presented. As in (Borrelli et al. (2005)) and (Falcone et al. (2007a)) we formulate an MPC control problem in order to stabilize a vehicle along a desired path. In the present paper, the control objective is to best follow a given path by controlling the front steering angle and the brakes at the four wheels independently, while fulfilling various physical and design constraints.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Linear Time Varying Model Predictive Control and its Application to Active Steering Systems: Stability Analysis and Experimental Validation
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control. - : Wiley. - 1099-1239 .- 1049-8923. ; 18:8, s. 862-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for controlling an Active Front Steering (AFS) system in an autonomous vehicle is presented. At each time step a trajectory is assumed to be known over a finite horizon, and an MPC controller computes the front steering angle in order to best follow the desired trajectory on slippery roads at the highest possible entry speed. We start from the results presented in [2], [6] and formulate the MPC problem based on successive on-line linearization of the nonlinear vehicle model (LTV MPC). We present a sufficient stability conditions for such LTV MPC scheme. The condition is derived for a general class of nonlinear discrete time systems and results into an additional convex constraint to be included in the LTV MPC design. For the AFS control problem, we compare the proposed LTV MPC scheme against the LTV MPC scheme in [6] where stability has been enforced with an ad-hoc constraint. Simulation and experimental tests up to 21 m/s on icy roads show the effectiveness of the LTV MPC formulation.
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| 16. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Linear Time Varying Model Predictive Control Approach to the Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control Problem in Autonomous Systems
- 2007
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Ingår i: 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, New Orleans, LA, USA, December 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for controlling active front steering, active braking and active differentials in an autonomous vehicle is presented. We formulate a predictive control problem in order to best follow a given path by controlling the front steering angle, brakes and traction at the four wheels independently, while fulfilling various physical and design constraints. At each time step a trajectory is assumed to be known over a finite horizon, and an MPC controller computes the system inputs in order to best follow the desired trajectory on slippery roads at a given entry speed. We start from the results presented in [1], [2] and formulate the MPC problem based on successive on-line linearization of the nonlinear vehicle model (LTV MPC). Simulative results are presented, interpreted and compared against LTV MPC schemes which make use only of steering and/or braking.
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| 17. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Low Complexity MPC Schemes for Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control Problems
- 2008
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Ingår i: 9th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control (AVEC ’08).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low complexity Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach to the problem of autonomous path following via combined steering and independent braking is presented in this paper. We start from the simpler approach in [5] and significantly improve the performance by better modeling the longitudinal dynamics and slightly increasing the number of optimization variables, i.e., the computational complexity. In order to assess the performance improvement, simulations are presented and compared against the results of the simpler approach in [5]. Moreover, experimental results are shown and discussed.
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| 18. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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MPC-Based Yaw and Lateral Stabilization Via Active Front Steering and Braking
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5159 .- 0042-3114. ; 46, Supplement:SUPPL.1, s. 611-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we propose a path following Model Predictive Control-based (MPC) scheme utilizing steering and braking. The control objective is to track a desired path for obstacle avoidance maneuver, by a combined use of braking and steering. The proposed control scheme relies on the Nonlinear MPC (NMPC) formulation we used in [1] and [2]. In this work, the NMPC formulation will be used in order to derive two different approaches. The first relies on a full tenth order vehicle model and has high computational burden. The second approach is based on a simplified bicycle model and has a lower computational complexity compared to the first. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive Active Steering Control for Autonomous Vehicle Systems
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. ; 15:3, s. 566-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for controlling an Active Front Steering system in an autonomous vehicle is presented. At each time step a trajectory in assumed to be known over a finite horizon, and an MPC controller computes the front steering angle in order to follow the trajectory on slippery roads at the highest possible entry speed. We present two approaches with different computational complexities. In the first approach we formulate the MPC problem by using a non-linear vehicle model. The second approach is based on successive on-line linearization of the vehicle model. Discussions on computational complexity and performance of the two schemes are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed MPC formulation is demonstrated by simulation and experimental tests up to 21 m/s on icy roads.
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| 21. |
- Falcone, Paolo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Real-Time Model Predictive Control Approach for Autonomous Active Steering
- 2006
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Ingår i: 8th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, Taipei, Taiwan, August 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we follow the novel approach presented in [1] to autonomous active steering control design. A nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme is designed to control front wheel steering in order to stabilize a vehicle along a desired path while fulfilling its physical constraints.The proposed nonlinear MPC controller has been implemented in in real time by using advanced sensors, actuators and non-linear optimization solvers. This papers presents the experimental setup and the experimental results obtained at low vehicle speeds on icy roads with a passenger car.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Gotherstrom, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Pre- and Postnatal Transplantation of Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteogenesis Imperfecta : A Two-Center Experience
- 2014
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Ingår i: Stem Cells Transnational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2157-6564 .- 2157-6580. ; 3:2, s. 255-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) can be recognized prenatally with ultrasound. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has the potential to ameliorate skeletal damage. We report the clinical course of two patients with OI who received prenatal human fetal MSC (hfMSC) transplantation and postnatal boosting with same-donor MSCs. We have previously reported on prenatal transplantation for OI type III. This patient was retransplanted with 2.8 x 10(6) same-donor MSCs per kilogram at 8 years of age, resulting in low-level engraftment in bone and improved linear growth, mobility, and fracture incidence. An infant with an identical mutation who did not receive MSC therapy succumbed at 5 months despite postnatal bisphosphonate therapy. A second fetus with OI type IV was also transplanted with 30 x 10(6) hfMSCs per kilogram at 31 weeks of gestation and did not suffer any new fractures for the remainder of the pregnancy or during infancy. The patient followed her normal growth velocity until 13 months of age, at which time longitudinal length plateaued. A postnatal infusion of 10 x 10(6) MSCs per kilogram from the same donor was performed at 19 months of age, resulting in resumption of her growth trajectory. Neither patient demonstrated alloreactivity toward the donor hfMSCs or manifested any evidence of toxicities after transplantation. Our findings suggest that prenatal transplantation of allogeneic hfMSCs in OI appears safe and is of likely clinical benefit and that retransplantation with same-donor cells is feasible. However, the limited experience to date means that it is not possible to be conclusive and that further studies are required.
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| 24. |
- Injamul Hoq, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh (2010-2020): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Diabetes Reviews. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1573-3998. ; 19:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in Bangladesh. This paper has reviewed published studies on hypertension and T2DM from 2010 to 2020 in Bangladesh and conducted a meta-analysis. Methods The PubMed database was used for systematic search. Hypertension and T2DM were considered for measuring pooled prevalence by meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of hypertension (n = 30) and T2DM (n = 21) in relevant studies. The quality of the reviewed studies was determined by sampling strategy, sample size, and outcome assessment. The meta-analysis protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020206315). Results The pooled hypertension and T2DM prevalence was 21.6% (95% CI: 18.8%-24.4%) and 13.6% (95% CI: 10.8%-16.5%), respectively. Females were more hypertensive than males (M vs. F: 18.6% vs. 24.8%), and T2DM was higher in females (M vs. F: 12.4% vs. 13.3%). Urban dwellers were more hypertensive and diabetic than rural people (urban vs. rural: 28.5% vs. 20.3% and 18.8% vs. 14.2%, respectively). An 8% increase in the prevalence of hypertension and T2DM became more than double compared to the 1995-2010 period. Conclusion Future research should focus on the underlying factors that increase the prevalence of these diseases and prevention strategies to reduce the trend of increasing prevalence.
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| 25. |
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