| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Jahan, I., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Health Hazards Among Traffic Police in South Asian Countries : Protocol for a Scoping Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Occupational health hazards and injuries are an alarming concern among traffic police. Occupational injuries affect the physical, social, and mental well-being of police personnel, which has various public health implications. The evaluation of occupational health and safety policies and regulations for the traffic police relies on their occupational exposure and health hazard statistics and assessments. Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically explore, analyze, and describe relevant findings from all studies conducted on occupational exposure and associated health hazards among traffic police in South Asia. Methods: The scoping review will include studies that assessed occupational exposure prevalence, types, knowledge, predisposing factors, and prevention strategies. Databases like PubMed, Springer Link, EBSCOhost, the Cochrane library, and Google Scholar will be used to obtain both published and unpublished works in the English language. Relevant gray literature, including governmental and international organization reports, will be examined. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, the full-text analysis will begin. Arksey and O'Malley's methodology framework for scoping reviews will be followed. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, the scoping review will be reported. Two qualified reviewers will independently conduct article screening and data extraction. The extracted data will then be tabulated and accompanied by an explanation to facilitate comprehension. We will extract relevant article results using NVivo (version 10; QSR International) and thematic content analysis. The included articles will be evaluated using the mixed methods appraisal tool (version 2018). Results: The scoping review will provide insight into how occupational health hazards affect traffic police physically and psychologically in South Asia. The theoretical conceptualization of different aspects of the occupational health of traffic police will emphasize future studies in this region, which will inform policy makers to revise their occupational health and safety policies and principles. It will have implications for taking necessary preventive measures in the future to reduce occupational injuries and fatalities resulting from different types of occupational hazards. Conclusions: This scoping review will describe the overview of occupational hazards among South Asian traffic police and will provide insights for policy makers to implement changes and to adapt new strategies.
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| 3. |
- Jahan, Sultana, et al.
(författare)
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Plant-mediated gene silencing restricts growth of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 66:9, s. 2785-2794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A host-induced gene-silencing strategy for controlling potato late blight is presented, a plant disease that conventionally requires regular application of fungicides at high rates.Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete that causes severe damage to potato, and is well known for its ability to evolve rapidly in order to overcome resistant potato varieties. An RNA silencing strategy was evaluated here to clarify if small interfering RNA homologous to selected genes in P. infestans could be targeted from the plant host to reduce the magnitude of the infection. As a proof-of-concept, a hairpin RNA (hp-RNA) construct using the GFP marker gene was designed and introduced in potato. At 72 hpi, a 55-fold reduction of the signal intensity of a corresponding GFP expressing P. infestans strain on leaf samples of transgenic plants, compared with wild-type potato, was detected. This suggests that an RNA interference construct in the potato host could be processed and target a transcript of the pathogen. Three genes important in the infection process of P. infestans, PiGPB1, PiCESA2, and PiPEC, together with PiGAPDH taking part in basic cell maintenance were subsequently tested using an analogous transgenic strategy. Out of these gene candidates, the hp-PiGPB1 targeting the G protein beta-subunit (PiGPB1) important for pathogenicity resulted in most restricted disease progress. Further, Illumina sequencing of inoculated transgenic potato leaves revealed sRNAs of 24/25 nt size homologous to the PiGPB1 gene in the transgenic plants indicating post-transcriptional silencing of the target gene. The work demonstrates that a host-induced gene-silencing approach is functional against P. infestans but is highly dependent on target gene for a successful outcome. This finding broadens the arsenal of control strategies to this important plant disease.
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| 4. |
- Jahan, Sultana
(författare)
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Small RNAs in Phytophthora infestans and cross-talk with potato
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Small RNAs (sRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs usually ranging in size 20-30 nt. They are playing important roles in plant-pathogen interactions. This thesis aimed at studying the sRNA populations in potato and Phytophthora infestans and their role in the potato-P. infestans interaction. An attempt was also made to implement such knowledge to improve resistance in potato against P. infestans. P. infestans is an oomycete that causes severe damage to potato and tomato, and is well known for its ability to evolve rapidly to overcome resistance. It possesses active RNA silencing pathways and sRNAs are playing important roles to control the large numbers of transposable elements (TE) present in its genome and effector genes. Through deep sequencing of sRNAs from two isolates of P. infestans differing in pathogenicity, three clear size classes (21, 25/26 and 32 nt) of sRNAs were identified. RxLR and Crinkler (CRN) effector gene-derived sRNAs were present in both isolates, but exhibited marked differences in abundance. Some effector genes, such as PiAvr3a and PiAvrblb2, to which sRNAs were found, also exhibited differences in transcript accumulation between the two isolates. Majority of sRNAs also mapped to TEs. An additional group of sRNAs, the tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) ranging in size from 19-40 nt was identified in P. infestansm as well. Some tRFs accumulated differentially during infection. A host-induced gene-silencing (HIGS) approach was proven to be successful in the potato-P. infestans pathosystem. Four different endogenous genes in P. infestans were targeted in my study by HIGS constructs and choice of target gene was shown crucial for a successful outcome. HIGS has the potential to be adopted in new resistance breeding to improve resistance in potato against P. infestans. One late blight resistant potato cultivar was sequenced upon infection with compatible isolate of P. infestans. In order to decipher the molecular events underlying its resistance breakdown, analysis of transcript change and the possible role of sRNAs on transcript regulation during infection are ongoing. In infected potato, resistance genes are targeted by its own miRNAs leading to suppression. Additional components are most likely involved in this process and near future analysis will help to enhance our understanding of how P. infestans uses sRNAs to evade plant immune responses.
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| 5. |
- Jolly, Yeasmin N., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of surface water quality near pollution sources in Buriganga River and deciphering their probable emergence, ecological, and health risk aspects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Regional Studies in Marine Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4855. ; 63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in Buriganga river water, provoked by the point and non-point sources, has recently become a major health concern. Concentration, pollution degree, drinking and irrigation water potentiality, and associated health risks are the factors considered for this study. This study ascertained a mean pH, EC, TDS, and salinity value of 6.96, 86.25 mu S/cm, 51.86 mg/L, and 86.56%, respectively, revealing that it is safe for drinking and agricultural purposes. Furthermore, the mean value of major anion (NO-23: 1.16, SO-24 : 13.40, PO-34 : 0.66, Cl-1 : 14.71 mg/L) and major cations (Na+1 : 16.95, K+1 : 4.26, Ca+2 : 17.63, and Mg+2 : 5.47 mg/L) also estimated safe for human consumption and agricultural use. Trace element evaluation index (TEI) value was found to vary among the sites and ranging from 4.40 to 10.50, indicating moderate pollution and risk imposed by the single PTEs can be ranked as Mn>Fe>Pb>As>Cu>Zn. Nemerow index and comprehensive pollution index value stipulated an insignificant to moderate pollution by the studied elements. Consequently, no ecological risk was posed via elements studied in the proposed sites. The emerging sources for PTEs are confined to both anthropogenic and lithogenic derivations. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment stipulated that the river water was safe for adults and children as the estimated Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) value was found below the threshold value (HQ/HI<1). Total carcinogenic risk was calculated at 7.44E-08 and 1.60E-08 for adults and children, respectively, specifying no risk, and water from the sites was evaluated as suitable for agricultural irrigation purposes on the basis of estimated indices.
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| 6. |
- Rajagopalan, Aparna, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Gene Expression Levels of Munc13-1 and Additional Components of the Presynaptic Exocytosis Machinery Upon Conditional Targeting of Vglut2 in the Adolescent Mouse
- 2014
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Ingår i: Synapse. - : Wiley. - 0887-4476 .- 1098-2396. ; 68:12, s. 624-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presynaptic proteins orchestrate an intricate interplay of dynamic interactions in order to regulate quantal exocytosis of transmitter-filled vesicles, and their dysregulation might cause neurological and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. Mice carrying a spatiotemporal restriction in the expression of the Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2; aka Slc17a6) in the cortex, amygdala and hippocampal subiculum from the third postnatal week show a strong anxiolytic phenotype and certain behavioral correlates of schizophrenia. To further understand the molecular consequences of this targeted deletion of Vglut2, we performed an unbiased microarray analysis comparing gene expression levels in the subiculum of these conditional Vglut2 knockout mice (Vglut2(f/f;CamKII) cKO) to those in control littermates. Expression of Unc13C (Munc13-3), a member of the Unc/Munc family, previously shown to be important for glutamatergic transmission, was identified to be significantly down-regulated. Subsequent analysis by quantitative RT-PCR revealed a 50% down-regulation of Munc 13-1, the gene encoding the Unc/Munc subtype described as an essential component in the majority of glutamtergic synapses in the hippocampus. Genes encoding additional components of the presynaptic machinery were also found regulated, including Rab3A, RIM1, as well as Syntaxin1 and Synaptobrevin. Altered expression levels of these genes were further found in the amygdala and in the retrosplenial group of the cortex, additional regions in which Vglut2 was conditionally targeted. These findings suggest that expression levels of Vglut2 might be important for the maintenance of gene expression in the presynaptic machinery in the adult mouse brain. Synapse 68:624-633, 2014.
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| 7. |
- Ramesh, Vetukuri, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for Small RNAs Homologous to Effector-Encoding Genes and Transposable Elements in the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:12, s. e51399-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytophthora infestans is the oomycete pathogen responsible for the devastating late blight disease on potato and tomato. There is presently an intense research focus on the role(s) of effectors in promoting late blight disease development. However, little is known about how they are regulated, or how diversity in their expression may be generated among different isolates. Here we present data from investigation of RNA silencing processes, characterized by non-coding small RNA molecules (sRNA) of 19-40 nt. From deep sequencing of sRNAs we have identified sRNAs matching numerous RxLR and Crinkler (CRN) effector protein genes in two isolates differing in pathogenicity. Effector gene-derived sRNAs were present in both isolates, but exhibited marked differences in abundance, especially for CRN effectors. Small RNAs in P. infestans grouped into three clear size classes of 21, 25/26 and 32 nt. Small RNAs from all size classes mapped to RxLR effector genes, but notably 21 nt sRNAs were the predominant size class mapping to CRN effector genes. Some effector genes, such as PiAvr3a, to which sRNAs were found, also exhibited differences in transcript accumulation between the two isolates. The P. infestans genome is rich in transposable elements, and the majority of sRNAs of all size classes mapped to these sequences, predominantly to long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. RNA silencing of Dicer and Argonaute genes provided evidence that generation of 21 nt sRNAs is Dicer-dependent, while accumulation of longer sRNAs was impacted by silencing of Argonaute genes. Additionally, we identified six microRNA (miRNA) candidates from our sequencing data, their precursor sequences from the genome sequence, and target mRNAs. These miRNA candidates have features characteristic of both plant and metazoan miRNAs.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Åsman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Fragmentation of tRNA in Phytophthora infestans asexual life cycle stages and during host plant infection
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 14, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oomycete Phytophthora infestans possesses active RNA silencing pathways, which presumably enable this plant pathogen to control the large numbers of transposable elements present in its 240 Mb genome. Small RNAs (sRNAs), central molecules in RNA silencing, are known to also play key roles in this organism, notably in regulation of critical effector genes needed for infection of its potato host.Results: To identify additional classes of sRNAs in oomycetes, we mapped deep sequencing reads to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) thereby revealing the presence of 19-40 nt tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs). Northern blot analysis identified abundant tRFs corresponding to half tRNA molecules. Some tRFs accumulated differentially during infection, as seen by examining sRNAs sequenced from P. infestans-potato interaction libraries. The putative connection between tRF biogenesis and the canonical RNA silencing pathways was investigated by employing hairpin RNA-mediated RNAi to silence the genes encoding P. infestans Argonaute (PiAgo) and Dicer (PiDcl) endoribonucleases. By sRNA sequencing we show that tRF accumulation is PiDcl1-independent, while Northern hybridizations detected reduced levels of specific tRNA-derived species in the PiAgo1 knockdown line.Conclusions: Our findings extend the sRNA diversity in oomycetes to include fragments derived from non-protein-coding RNA transcripts and identify tRFs with elevated levels during infection of potato by P. infestans.
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| 10. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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