| 1. |
- Ahlqvist, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Supply Chain Risk Governance: Towards a Conceptual Multi-Level Framework
- 2020
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Ingår i: Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. - : OSCM Forum. - 1979-3561 .- 2579-9363. ; 13:4, s. 382-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is currently putting high pressure on most countries’ critical infrastructures (not only health care), creating huge uncertainties in supply and demand, and disrupting global supply chains. The global crisis will demonstrate the extent to which different parties (countries, public authorities, private companies etc.) can work together and take holistic decisions in such situations. A core question in supply chain management asks how independent decision-makers at many levels can work together and how this joint work can be governed. Supply chain risk management (SCRM), however, has focused mostly on how focal private companies apply SCRM processes to identify, analyse and mitigate risk related to upstream and downstream flows in their supply networks. At the same time, interorganisational collaboration to handle diverse risks is always needed. A risk that hits one organisation often affects other, interconnected organisations. This study aims to develop the term supply chain risk governance with an associated conceptual framework that embraces various types of supply chains and actors. In a cross-disciplinary literature study, we dissect, compare and combine risk governance with interorganisational aspects of SCRM and find that the mechanisms suggested in the risk governance literature coincide with many of those in SCRM. We suggest a combination of these to govern risk processes at an inter-organisational level, regardless of the type of organisation included in the supply chain. This would be suitable for critical infrastructures that often contain a mixture of private and public actors. The scope of the literature employed is limited, and some articles have played a larger role in the framework development. The paper explores new territory through this cross-disciplinary study, extends existing multi-level frameworks with inter-organisational governance mechanisms and proposes new governance mechanisms to the field. This study could support the understanding of how critical infrastructures in our society are governed so as to increase their resilience to both smaller and larger disruptions.
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| 2. |
- Ahlqvist, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Supply chain risk management strategies in normal and abnormal times: policymakers' role in reducing generic medicine shortages
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - 0960-0035. ; 53:2, s. 206-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This paper links supply chain risk management to medicine supply chains to explore the role ofpolicymakers in employing supply chain risk management strategies (SCRMS) to reduce generic medicineshortages.Design/methodology/approach – Using secondary data supplemented with primary data, the authors mapand compare seven countries’ SCRMS for handling shortage risks in their paracetamol supply chains beforeand during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.Findings – Consistent with recent research, the study finds that policymakers had implemented few SCRMSspecifically for responding to disruptions caused by COVID-19. However, shortages were largely avoided sincemultiple strategies for coping with business-as-usual disruptions had been implemented prior to the pandemic.The authors did find that SCRMS implemented during COVID-19 were not always aligned with thoseimplemented pre-pandemic. The authors also found that policymakers played both direct and indirect roles.Research limitations/implications – Combining longitudinal secondary data with interviews sheds lighton how, regardless of the level of preparedness during normal times, SCRMS can be leveraged to avertshortages in abnormal times. However, the problem is highly complex, which warrants further research.Practical implications – Supply chain professionals and policymakers in the healthcare sector can use thefindings when developing preparedness and response plans.Social implications – The insights developed can help policymakers improve the availability of high-volumegeneric medicines in (ab)normal times.Originality/value – The authors contribute to prior SCRM research in two ways. First, the authorsoperationalize SCRMS in the medicine supply chain context in (ab)normal times, thereby opening avenues forfuture research on SCRM in this context. Second, the authors develop insights on the role policymakers playand how they directly implement and indirectly influence the adoption of SCRMS. Based on the study findings,the authors develop a framework that captures the diverse roles of policymakers in SCRM.
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| 3. |
- Bankvall, Lars, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Interdependence in supply chains and projects in construction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Supply Chain Management. - : Emerald. - 1359-8546. ; 15:5, s. 385-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this paper is to inquire into the management of construction supply chains by directing attention toward the different types of interdependencies that exist in such chains and in construction projects. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is developed as part of two ongoing research projects on supply chain management (SCM) in construction. A case study approach is used for illustrating the production and subsequent delivery and installation of plasterboards to a specific construction project. This description reveals extensive coordination among a number of companies and features interesting examples of the consequences of the interdependencies identified. Findings: The paper concludes that the strong emphasis on coordination of sequential interdependence within individual supply chains does not fit with the complex interdependencies present in and among supply chains and projects in construction. In addition to sequential interdependence it describes and illustrates pooled interdependence based on joint resource utilisation, reciprocal interdependence among activities undertaken at the construction site, and interdependence owing to synchronisation of many supply chains in relation to each and every construction project. The combined effects of these interdependencies challenge traditional SCM recommendations, such as moving activities from the site to the factory. Originality/value: The main theoretical argument put forward in this paper is that the application of SCM models developed for other industrial contexts such as the automotive industry, are problematic to use in the construction industry. This is because these models emphasise integration of activities that are subject mainly to sequential interdependencies while the pattern of interdependence is very different in construction. A main implication for practice is that focusing on better planning in order to deal with activities that are mainly subject to sequential interdependence, is insufficient. The reciprocal interdependencies in construction require more frequent and direct interaction among the involved actors to enable mutual adjustments among the firms whose activities and resource use need to be coordinated. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
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| 4. |
- Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing value creating logics in construction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-433X .- 0144-6193. ; 27:7, s. 695-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction companies apply different logics to create value. Some companies are organized according to one primary logic, while others are based on multiple logics. Different value creating logics have different cost and value drivers according to the type of activities involved and the interdependencies between them. Where multiple logics coexist, the different cost and value drivers may generate tensions. The purpose of the paper is to study how construction companies maintain a balance between multiple logics and how they handle tensions between them through a case study from the Norwegian construction industry. Both project management and supply chain management perspectives have been used to explain construction practice. By applying a 'value configuration analysis', it is clear how value creation is achieved in construction practice by balancing the needs of both the project and the supply chain. Both intra- and inter-organizational interactions are vital in creating value across different logics. The contribution of the study lies in applying this framework to the construction area by adding knowledge about the underlying principles of different logics, including the tensions between them. Furthermore, the case study illustrates how these may be handled in order to create value in construction.
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| 5. |
- Bygballe, Lena E., et al.
(författare)
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Partnering relationships in construction: A literature review
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1478-4092. ; 16:4, s. 239-253
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no unified view as to what partnering relationships are in the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature in order to identify the main assumptions about partnering relationships in construction research and practice. The literature is compared to the Construction Industry Institute's (CII, 1991) frequently cited definition of partnering as a long-term commitment between two or more parties in which shared understanding and trust develop for the benefits of improving construction. The literature review reveals a tendency to focus on project partnering in dyads between clients and contractors and there is also an emphasis on formal tools to develop these relationships, even if social aspects and relationship dynamics are recognised. The paper discusses these findings and suggests that, in order to increase the understanding of the substance and function of partnering relationships, it could be useful to incorporate knowledge from theoretical perspectives that are more in line with the CII definition. Two perspectives that seem particularly interesting in this respect are Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the Industrial Network Approach (INA), both of which focus on long-term relationships between actors beyond the dyad. INA also emphasises the informal aspects of relationship development. Incorporating these dimensions of partnering relationships requires processual and longitudinal studies, which are relatively rare in the contemporary partnering literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Bygballe, Lena E., et al.
(författare)
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The importance of resource interaction in strategies for managing supply chain disruptions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The turbulent business environment highlights the need for strategies for mitigating, responding to, and recovering from (that is, managing) supply chain disruptions. Resources are central in these strategies but remain unspecified in the literature. This paper shows how the resource interaction approach (RIA) can help under-standing resources in this setting by acknowledging their interactive and networked nature. Based on a con-ceptual discussion that compares key assumptions within the supply chain risk management (SCRM) and supply chain risk resilience (SCRes) literatures with the RIA, we propose an alternative approach to strategies for managing supply chain disruptions. We challenge the SCRM and SCRes literatures by emphasizing interdepen-dence (as opposed to independence) and pointing to relationships as key resources in strategies for managing supply chain disruptions. Collaboration relying on an interplay between temporary and permanent organizing is suggested as a starting point instead of being just one of several alternative strategies.
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| 7. |
- Fabbe-Costes, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Supply chain integration and performance: a review of the evidence
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Logistics Management. - : Emerald. - 0957-4093. ; 19:2, s. 130-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse papers studying the link between supply chain integration (SCI) and performance, and to discuss reported empirical evidence relating to this fundamental question for logistics and supply chain management. Design/methodology/approach A systematic analysis of 38 papers published in nine important journals in logistics, supply chain and operations management during the period 2000-2006 is offered. Using a multidimensional framework to sort and classify selected papers, structured results are provided for the purpose of contributing to discussion of the topic. Findings More SCI does not always improve performance. Definitions and measures of SCI and performance are diverse to the extent that a conclusion such as “the more (SCI) the better (the performance) cannot be drawn”. On the contrary more empirical research, with use of clear definitions and good measures, are needed. The conclusions drawn from the analytical literature review provide a basis from which further research can be developed, both in respect of research approaches, definitions of main concepts and the choice of theoretical basis. Research limitations/implications Additional journals could be included. The framework could be more detailed. More details on SCI and performance measures, as well as the items used in the papers, could be provided and discussed. Practical implications Results encourage researchers and practitioners to be more cautious concerning SCI and its impact on performance and to have a more conscious and differentiated view of SCI. Originality/value Through a rigorous analysis of prevailing research, the paper questions a common assumption in business logistics and SCM. Propositions for further research are suggested.
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| 8. |
- Fabbe-Costes, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Supply chain integration: the role of logistics service providers
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-6658 .- 1741-0401. ; 58:1, s. 71-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Considering the importance of supply chain integration (SCI) in literature and the increasing outsourcing of logistics, this paper aims to study the role of logistics service providers (LSPs) in supporting SCI and clients' performance. Design/methodology/approach – This research is based on a two-step approach: a literature review on supply chain integration (SCI) and performance regarding how LSPs are taken into account; and an analysis of web sites of LSPs concerning how they communicate their role and whether they themselves consider they have a role in improving the SCI and performance of their clients. Results are then discussed in view of some major works on third party logistics. Findings – Some surprising conclusions are drawn. Among the analysed articles very few take LSPs into consideration. The web site analysis shows LSPs varying in their communication. Some do not consider SCI as part of their job, others balance between being pure “resource providers” and taking the riskier role of “supply chain designers”. The analysis of the roles LSPs can play in supply chains enriches the understanding of the SCI phenomenon. Research limitations/implications – In this paper SCI performance papers are analysed. A review of papers on LSPs could be another relevant starting point. The web site analysis concerns LSPs' communication. Further research could complement with the shippers' perspectives. Practical implications – Results suggest different dimensions to structure LSPs' strategies vis-a-vis clients' SCI and performance. Originality/value – The main contributions of this paper are questioning and analysing what role LSPs play in SCI and performance, and expanding the framework for SCI studies.
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| 9. |
- Fabbe-Costes, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Typology of the Roles of Logistics Service Providers as Supply chain Integrators
- 2008
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Ingår i: Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal in SCM/Best Papers RIRL conf 2008. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased logistics outsourcing and importance of supply chain integration (SCI) have attracted our interest in studying how logistics service providers (LSPs) are viewed as contributors to SCI and to their clients' performance. On the basis of LSPs? roles as they emerge from SCI-performance literature and from analysis of LSP-websites on how they communicate their role(s), we discuss how this differs from roles as presented in literature on third party logistics (TPL). Some surprising conclusions are drawn. Few SCI articles take LSPs into consideration. From the websites we find the communication of LSPs varying in how they view themselves. The roles emerging from these two analyses are quite convergent. In comparison with roles identified in TPL literature, greater differences were identified. This paper contributes to 1) questioning and analysing roles LSPs play in SCI; 2) developing different dimensions of LSPs? strategies for SCI and, 3) enriched understanding of the SCI phenomenon taking LSPs? contribution into account, 4) providing a typology for the roles of LSPs as integrators. Particularly interesting is with whom the LSP should/could be integrated and whether it is the LSP or the shipper who is the integrator. For the purpose of understanding these questions, we suggest further studies on roles of LSPs with basis in resources they possess more than activities they undertake, and to link this with relationship theories.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Frennesson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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“International humanitarian organizations’ perspectives on localization efforts”
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The humanitarian sector has formulated a collective strategic intent to localize. This involves delegating responsibilities and transferring capacities and resources to national and local actors. However, progress is slower than expected. Strategy execution is hard, and translating a general strategic intent to the actual way humanitarian organizations operate is not obvious. To suggest remedies for the slow progress, this paper investigates drivers and barriers for international humanitarian organizations (IHOs) to localize their logistics preparedness capacities. It is essential to understand IHOs' perspectives as they are global and powerful actors in the humanitarian sector and by far represent the largest recipients of donor funds. We focus on logistics since it constitutes key activities of strong local contextual character, such as procurement, warehousing, and transport. By interviewing practitioners from a representative set of large IHOs, and connecting the empirical insights with relevant theory, we unravel reasons that hinder localization. These include IHOs' strategic choices due to context-sensitive benefits of localization, mandated expectations on IHOs, the lack of internal drivers for IHOs to localize, and resistance to localize due to IHOs’ desire and motives for continued engagement in humanitarian aid. Based on these insights, actionable propositions are developed to help accelerate progress toward localization.
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| 12. |
- Frennesson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Localisation of logistics preparedness in international humanitarian organisations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - 2042-6747. ; 11:1, s. 81-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To meet the rising global needs, the humanitarian community has signed off on making a strategic change toward more localisation, which commonly refers to the empowerment of national and local actors in humanitarian assistance. However, to this date, actual initiatives for localisation are rare. To enhance understanding of the phenomenon, the authors explore localisation of logistics preparedness capacities and obstacles to its implementation. The authors particularly take the perspective of the international humanitarian organisation (IHO) community as they are expected to implement the localisation strategy. Design/methodology/approach: A phenomenon-driven, exploratory and qualitative study was conducted. Data collection included in-depth interviews with 28 experienced humanitarian professionals. Findings: The findings showed the ambiguity inherent in the localisation strategy with largely different views on four important dimensions. Particularly, the interviewees differ about strengthening external actors or internal national/local offices. The resulting framework visualises the gap between strategy formulation and implementation, which forms major obstacles to the localisation aims. Research limitations/implications: Further research is required to support the advancement of localisation of logistics preparedness capacities. Important aspects for future research include triangulation of results, other stakeholder perspectives and the influence of context. Practical implications: The authors add to the important debate surrounding localisation by offering remedies to overcoming obstacles to strategy implementation. Further, the authors’ proposed framework offers a language to precisely describe the ways in which IHOs (should) view localisation of logistics preparedness capacities and its operationalisation. Originality/value: To the best of authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first academic article on localisation within the humanitarian logistics context.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Approaches to the design of refugee camps : An empirical study in Kenya, Ethiopia, Greece, and Turkey
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - 2042-6747. ; 8:3, s. 323-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: An unprecedented scale of human migration has lead humanitarians to view camps as long-term settlements rather than temporary holding facilities. The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of and identify challenges with this proposed new approach to camp design. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the camp design literature, the authors developed an interview guide and checklist for data collection. A multi-site case study and within- and cross-case analysis was then conducted. Findings: The findings suggest that the proposed new approach is implemented only to a limited extent, and mostly in a stepwise manner. As camps mature, there is a shift toward the new approach, but most camps are established using the traditional top-down, temporary, and isolated approach. Research limitations/implications: The findings are based on four camps in four different countries and do not provide an exhaustive global coverage. Practical implications: The insights the authors derived and the challenges identified from the empirical evidence can be used to better plan future camps. Social implications: The results can support improvements in camp design, thus alleviating suffering for both refugees and host communities, particularly in developing countries. In particular, the trade-off between a permanent solution and the temporary must be accounted for. Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature by developing and proposing a conceptual framework to camp design. The cross-case analysis provides an initial understanding and categorization of challenges with implementing the new approach. It also suggests an evolutionary perspective of camp design.
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| 15. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Coordination at the 10-year mark of the JHLSCM–from global response to local preparedness
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2042-6747 .- 2042-6755. ; 11:4, s. 585-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: At the inception of the Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management (JHLSCM), logistics coordination was identified as important, both in practice and research, but few studies on the topic had been published. Ten years later, many, if not most, papers in the journal mention the topic. So the picture has changed, but to what extent? This paper discusses how coordination research has followed humanitarian logistics practice and vice versa.Design/methodology/approach: The point of departure in the present article is the most salient topic from the study’s original papers (Jahre et al., 2009; Jahre and Jensen, 2010). The authors discuss how these topics have developed in research and practice. A recent literature review (Grange et al., 2020) enables us to pick relevant papers from JHLSCM and supplement them with more recent ones. The authors complement this approach with updated data on the cluster system, particularly the logistics cluster, to add insights from the empirical domain.Findings: In practice, the cluster concept has developed from coordination within clusters in response to the inclusion of inter-cluster coordination in preparedness, and more recently a focus on localized preparedness. However, JHLSCM research does not appear to have kept pace, with a few notable exceptions. The majority of its papers still focus on response. To the extent that preparedness is covered, it is primarily done so at the global level.Originality/value: The authors use a framework to discuss humanitarian logistics coordination research and identify important gaps. Based on developments in practice, the study’s key contribution is a revised model with suggestions for further research.
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| 16. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Coordination in humanitarian logistics through clusters
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. - 0960-0035 .- 1758-664X. ; 40:8/9, s. 657-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – In the field of humanitarianism, cluster thinking has been suggested as a solution to the lack of coordinated disaster response. Clusters for diverse functions, including sheltering, logistics and water and sanitation, can be viewed as an effort to achieve functional coordination. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a greater understanding of the potential of cluster concepts using supply chain coordination and inter‐cluster coordination. The focus is on the conceptual level rather than on specific means of coordination.Design/methodology/approach – The cluster concept in humanitarian relief, along with some key empirical issues, is based on a case study. The concept is then compared to the literature on clusters and coordination in order to develop a theoretical framework with propositions on the tradeoffs between different types of coordination.Findings – The results provide important reflections on one of the major trends in contemporary development of humanitarian logistics. This paper shows that there is a tradeoff between different types of coordination, with horizontal coordination inside cluster drawing attention away from important issues of the supply chain as well as the need to coordinate among the clusters.Research limitations/implications – There is a need for more in‐depth case studies of experiences with clusters in various operations. Various perspectives should be taken into account, including the field, responding agencies, beneficiaries, donors, military and commercial service providers, both during and between disasters.Practical implications – The paper presents the tradeoffs between different types of coordination, in which basic aims such as standardisation through functional coordination, must be balanced with cross‐functional and vertical coordination in order to more successfully serve the users' composite needs.Originality/value – The focus on possible trade‐offs between different types of coordination is an important complement to the literature, which often assumes simultaneous high degrees of horizontal and vertical coordination.
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| 17. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Does the Current Constraints in Funding Promote Failure in Humanitarian Supply Chains?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal. - 1624-6039. ; 9:2, s. 44-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, most funding is made available when a disaster occurs. Disaster re-sponse is the implementation of what humanitarian actors did (or didn't do) in pre-paredness for any intervention. Based on a case study of a logistics change in the International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Society, this paper discusses how more funding of preparedness can radically improve the speed and quality of response. Findings contribute to our understanding of how changes in funding can improve logistics performance and support faster recovery due to increased pre-paredness in disaster-prone areas. Illustrating how postponement/speculation logis-tics strategies are applied to flows of material, information, and human resources, it is concluded that associated changes of financial flows are required. Donors and NGOs must think of more ?speculative?, long-term, and unearmarked funding with particular attention to risk sharing, cost recovery, and measurements. This paper contributes to further understanding of postponement/speculation in project-based settings (temporary supply networks), how funding and logistics (payment and materials flows) are related, as well as the present funding models? implications for ef-ficiency and effectiveness in humanitarian aid. These are all areas that have been underresearched.
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| 18. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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How Standards and Modularity can improve Humanitarian Supply Chain Responsiveness: The Case of Emergency Response Units
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - 2042-6747. ; 5:3, s. 348-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the use of standards and modularity for improving responsiveness in the humanitarian context. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a conceptual framework and a systematic literature review, the authors conducted a longitudinal, explorative case on the Emergency Response Unit (ERU) concept in the International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Society (IFRC), focussing particularly on the Health ERU in the Norwegian Red Cross. Findings – The authors found that the ERU concept makes use of many types of standards that complement and influence each other, and that the focus on modularity is increasing due to a growing need for responsiveness. Main challenges are trade-offs between autonomy and adaptability to the context resulting in more modularization which may be in danger of breaking the concept. Research limitations/implications – Results from this study could be refined by surveying staff involved in all types of ERU deployments. To explore the generalizability of the findings and test the propositions developed, more studies should be conducted. Practical implications – The study provides more understanding of the use of standards and modularity for improving responsiveness. Practitioners can use the framework as a check-list to identify potential means for improvements. The case can be used for training, discussions, and reflections. The research feeds into IFRC’s and NORCROSS ongoing work to their global response tools. Social implications – The results of the study can support improvements in humanitarian supply chains, thereby providing affected people with cost-efficient, rapid, and better-adapted responses. Originality/value – The authors develop a framework for categorization of standards and modularity in the humanitarian context. The authors provide the first empirical study on how humanitarian organizations use standards and modularity to improve responsiveness concluding with a set of propositions on how the concepts are linked.
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| 19. |
- Jahre, Marianne
(författare)
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Humanitarian supply chain strategies – a review of how actors mitigate supply chain risks
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - 2042-6747. ; 7:2, s. 82-101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to link humanitarian logistics (HL) and supply chain risk management (SCRM) to provide an understanding of risk mitigation strategies that humanitarian organisations use, or could use, to improve their logistics preparedness. Design/methodology/approach: Based on systematic reviews of RMS in SCRM and supply chain strategies (SCS) in HL literature, a framework is developed and used to review published case studies in HL. Findings: The study finds that humanitarian actors use a number of the strategies proposed in the framework, particularly those related to strategic stocks, postponement, and collaboration. Strategies related to sourcing and procurement, however, especially those on supplier relationships, seem to be lacking in both research and practice. Research limitations/implications: The study is based on secondary data and could be further developed through case studies based on primary data. Future studies should explore the generalisability of the findings. Practical implications: Practitioners can use the framework to identify potential new SCS and how strategies can be combined. Findings can help them to understand the abnormal risks of main concern, how they may impact normal risks, and provide ideas on how to tackle trade-offs between different risks. Social implications: The results can support improvements in humanitarian supply chains, which will provide affected people with rapid, cost-efficient, and better-adapted responses. Originality/value: The paper connects SCRM and HL to develop a framework and suggests propositions on how humanitarian actors can mitigate supply chain risks. Questioning the focus on strategic stock it suggests complementary or alternative strategies for improving logistics preparedness.
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| 20. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Improving health in developing countries : reducing complexity of drug supply chains
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - : Emerald. - 2042-6747. ; 2:1, s. 54-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeUganda is one of many African countries struggling to develop adequate healthcare, particularly in regard to local treatment and access to drugs. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of how reducing supply-chain complexity can improve health in developing countries. Design/methodology/approachThis study and evaluation included 50 interviews and 27 site visits of the public healthcare system in Karamoja, northeast Uganda. A mapping of drug-supply chains was undertaken to identify causes of stock shortages and possible solutions. A model for logistics process redesign was used for the analysis. Results were quantified with use of a simple tool developed for this specific purpose. FindingsThe main conclusion is that less supply-chain complexity can produce higher customer service in terms of less stock shortages, while keeping costs down. By reducing lead times and uncertainty, increasing order frequencies, and moving order points and safety stocks, there may be better integration between information and goods flows and bottlenecks in the supply chain may be reduced. Research limitations/implicationsWhile the empirical study is extensive, there are uncertainties in the data that must be taken into account. The effects of the suggested solutions remain to be analyzed and documented upon implementation. Practical implicationsThe study was rooted in a practical problem and provides practical solutions for developing countries and agencies providing aid. Social implicationsStock shortages of life-saving drugs are a general problem in countries with lack of financial and technical infrastructure. Improvements will impact the lives of many people. Originality/valueThe paper provides an understanding of the applicability of traditional logistics principles in a new context. It provides the academic community with a much-needed in-depth understanding of humanitarian logistics. The approach can be used in other studies.
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| 21. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating supply chains for emergencies and ongoing operations in UNHCR
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 0272-6963 .- 1873-1317. ; 45:Special Issue, s. 57-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humanitarian organizations (HOs) often base their warehouse locations on individuals' experience and knowledge rather than on decision-support tools. Many HOs run separate supply chains for emergency response and ongoing operations. Based on reviews of humanitarian network design literature combined with an in-depth case study of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), this paper presents a warehouse location model for joint prepositioning that incorporates political and security situation factors. Although accessibility, co-location, security, and human resources are crucial to the practice of humanitarian operations management, such contextual factors have not been included in existing network optimization models before. We found that when quantified, and modeled, such factors are important determinants of network configuration. In addition, our results suggest that joint prepositioning for emergency response and ongoing operations allows for expansion of the global warehouse network, and reducing cost and response time.
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| 22. |
- Jahre, Marianne, 1963
(författare)
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Logistics Systems for Recycling - Efficient Collection of Household Waste
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates collection and recycling of household waste with focus on packaging materials. The purpose is how to describe and explain the d esign of a collection system according to different system environments in orde r to achieve high logistics performance in terms of low cost and high service. The research approach consists of two main parts. First, data on existing syst ems are collected and analysed. Then a model is used to analyse cost consequenc es from changes in the system and the environment. Four main properties of reverse distribution channels were identified including the number of distribution levels and distribution points, whether the system is bring or kerbside, the degree of separation at source and the degree of co- collection. The study further demonstrates that performance can be measured in a number of ways including service toward end-markets and households, costs, en vironmental consequences and programme ratios. Finally, two main environmental factors identified were population density and the number of materials being co llected in the system. The major conclusion from the study is that systems in areas with low populatio n density should collect and recycle few materials that should be separated at the source and then co-collected. Systems in areas with high population density, on the o ther hand, may collect many materials, but then centralized separation (i.e. processing in a MRF) should take place.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Theory development in humanitarian logistics : A framework and three cases
- 2009
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Ingår i: Management Research News. - : Emerald. - 0140-9174 .- 1758-6135. ; 32:11, s. 1008-1023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: There is a need for theory development within the field of humanitarian logistics to understand logistics needs in different stages of a crisis and how to meet these. This paper aims to discuss three dimensions identified in logistics and organization theories and how they relate to three different cases of humanitarian logistics operations - the regional concept of the International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies, the development and working of the United Nations Joint Logistics Centre and coordination challenges of military logistics in UN mandated peacekeeping operations. The purpose is to build a framework to be used in further studies.Design/methodology/approach: A framework for the study of humanitarian logistics along three dimensions is developed, followed by a discussion of the chosen cases in relation to these dimensions. The framework will be used as basis for the case studies to be undertaken for the purpose of understanding and identification of new questions and needs for other or revised concepts from theory.Findings: The paper shows the relevance of a wide literature to the issues pertinent to humanitarian logistics. There is considerable promise in extant literature on logistics, SCM and coordination, but this needs to be confronted with the particular issues seen in the humanitarian logistics setting to achieve further theory development.Originality/value: The major contribution of the paper lies in its breadth of theoretical perspectives presented and combined in a preliminary theoretical framework. This is applied more specifically in the three case studies described in the paper.
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| 26. |
- Klevås, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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A Packaging Redesign Project at IKEA
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nordic case reader in Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - 9788776741358
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IKEA is a product developing company, known for putting packaging and logistics issues at the top of its agenda. At IKEA, the product and the packaging are developed concurrently with the aim of lowering the total cost from the supplier to the customer. During the years 2002 to 2004, a pckaging redesign project was conducted at IKEA. The purpose of the project was to redesign the packaging for an existing product in order to minimize empty space. Very early on, it was evident that the suggested new packaging solution required a product redesign along with new manufacturing and packaging equipment. The product, tealights, was a complicated product due to safety regulations, standard sizes, etc. The project group not only had to involve different functions within IKEA but also had to convince a tealight manufacturer to collaborate. The results of the project had great implications for the logistics activities in the supply chain and affected all supply chain actors in many ways. The case is a good example of the interdisciplinary nature of packaging and its relations with product design and logistics activities.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Pazirandeh, Ala, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Defining logistics preparedness: a framework and research agenda
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - 2042-6747 .- 2042-6755. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to contribute to a more complete understanding of logistics preparedness. By comparing extant research in preparedness and logistics with findings from empirical analysis of secondary data, we develop a definition of and framework for logistics preparedness, along with suggestions for a future research agenda.
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| 29. |
- Pazirandeh, Ala, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Logistics preparedness
- 2015
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Ingår i: The 2015 Health & Humanitarian Logistics conference, Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Sharifyazdi, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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On- and Off-Shore Prepositioning and Delivery Mechanism for Humanitarian Relief Operations
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 56:17, s. 6164-6182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, international humanitarian organisations have used on-demand dispatch of disaster relief goods from regional logistics units (RLUs) for sudden onset disaster response. This paper investigates the improvements in efficiency and resilience of disaster relief operations by combining the existing method of onshore prepositioning of relief items in RLUs with offshore prepositioning of relief items on-board vessels and at seaport terminals. The problem is formulated as a linear programming model that incorporates different logistical costs, including inventory cost, replenishment cost, and transportation cost, to find the best combination of disaster relief methods. At the tactical level, the model determines how much and where disaster relief items need to be prepositioned. At the operational level, the model addresses how much and by which mode of transport the disaster relief items need to be transported to disaster points. The model is tested on 16 major disasters in Southeast Asia. The main finding is that offshore prepositioning can contribute to cost reduction and resilience without compromising on the speed or the scale of the response. The results also suggest that the benefits depend on the duration of the disaster emergency period and the ratio of offshore storage cost to onshore storage cost.
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| 32. |
- Sohrabpour, Vahid, et al.
(författare)
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Packaging in developing countries – Identifying supply chain needs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - 2042-6755. ; 2:2, s. 183-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To explore packaging in developing countries by means of identifying and describing supply chain needs regarding packaging. Design/methodology/approach: The research approach is qualitative and includes an embedded single case study of ambient milk supply chains in developing countries. Data collection is based on the review of internal company documents, semi-structured interviews with industrial experts and field observations. Findings: The paper shows that secondary packaging is a vital supply chain component in these countries and that there are extensive interactions between packaging and the supply chain. The findings constitute a list of supply chain needs regarding secondary packaging broken down into categories. Moreover, propositions for managing the supply chain needs and challenges of packaging in developing countries are presented. Research limitations/implications: In the supply chains investigated, the focus is on the actors from the filling point at the manufacturer to the point of sale at retail stores in the ambient milk sector. To understand general aspects, we suggest further studies to test propositions developed in other contexts. Practical implications: The proposed list of packaging supply chain needs and suggested propositions provides insights into the issues and challenges of packaging as a part of designing and planning supply chains in developing countries and, by implication, in humanitarian supply chains that often (but not always) operate in such environments. Originality/value: This research complements previous research in the areas of packaging and supply chain management by exploring supply chain needs regarding packaging in developing countries. It extends the traditional perspective of humanitarian logistics by linking supply chain thinking in developing countries to long-term development and disaster relief logistics.
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