| 1. |
- Reifarth, R., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 665:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process beta-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes.
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| 2. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 3. |
- Blunden, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2012
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 94:8, s. S1-S258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hugerth, Luisa W., et al.
(författare)
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DegePrime, a Program for Degenerate Primer Design for Broad-Taxonomic-Range PCR in Microbial Ecology Studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 80:16, s. 5116-5123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The taxonomic composition of a microbial community can be deduced by analyzing its rRNA gene content by, e. g., high-throughput DNA sequencing or DNA chips. Such methods typically are based on PCR amplification of rRNA gene sequences using broad-taxonomic-range PCR primers. In these analyses, the use of optimal primers is crucial for achieving an unbiased representation of community composition. Here, we present the computer program DegePrime that, for each position of a multiple sequence alignment, finds a degenerate oligomer of as high coverage as possible and outputs its coverage among taxonomic divisions. We show that our novel heuristic, which we call weighted randomized combination, performs better than previously described algorithms for solving the maximum coverage degenerate primer design problem. We previously used DegePrime to design a broad-taxonomic-range primer pair that targets the bacterial V3-V4 region (341F-805R) (D. P. Herlemann, M. Labrenz, K. Jurgens, S. Bertilsson, J. J. Waniek, and A. F. Andersson, ISME J. 5:1571-1579, 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.41), and here we use the program to significantly increase the coverage of a primer pair (515F-806R) widely used for Illumina-based surveys of bacterial and archaeal diversity. By comparison with shotgun metagenomics, we show that the primers give an accurate representation of microbial diversity in natural samples.
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenal venous sampling: The learning curve of a single interventionalist with 282 consecutive procedures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. - : Galenos Yayinevi. - 1305-3825 .- 1305-3612. ; 24:2, s. 89-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for assessing laterality of PA, which is of paramount importance to decide adequate treatment. AVS is a technically complicated procedure with success rates ranging between 30% and 96%. The aim of this study was to investigate the success rate of AVS over time, performed by a single interventionalist. METHODS This was a retrospective study based on consecutive AVS procedures performed by a single operator between September 2005 and June 2016. Data on serum concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol from right and left adrenal vein, inferior vena cava, and peripheral vein were collected and selectivity index (SI) calculated. Successful AVS was defined as SI >5. RESULTS In total, 282 AVS procedures were performed on 269 patients, 168 men (62%) and 101 women (38%), with a mean age of 55±11 years (range, 26–78 years). Out of 282 AVS procedures, 259 were successful, giving an overall success rate of 92%. The most common reason for failure was inability to localize the right adrenal vein (n=16; 76%). The success rates were 63%, 82%, and 94% during the first, second, and third years, respectively. During the last 8 years the success rate was 95%, and on average 27 procedures were performed annually. CONCLUSION Satisfactory AVS success rate was achieved after approximately 36 procedures and satisfactory success rate was maintained by performing approximately 27 procedures annually. AVS should be limited to few operators that perform sufficiently large number of procedures to achieve, and maintain, satisfactory AVS success rate. © Turkish Society of Radiology 2018.
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| 7. |
- Jakobsson, Hugo, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp-to-palm distance after plate fixation of a distal radius fracture corresponds to functional outcome
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archives of physiotherapy. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2057-0082. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Several factors can influence the outcome after a distal radius fracture (DRF). The aim of this study was to assess whether postoperative pulp-to-palm (PTP) distance correlated with functional outcomes after plate fixation of DRF. MATERIALS &METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of plate fixation in patients with type-C fractures. Subjects (N = 135) were divided into 2 groups based on PTP distance (equal to or higher than 0 cm) at 4 weeks postoperatively. Outcome measures were collected prospectively at 3, 6 and 12 months and included Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores, wrist range of motion (ROM), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, and hand grip strength.RESULTS: Overall, at 3 and 6 months patients with PTP > 0 cm had significantly worse outcomes (PRWE, QuickDASH, wrist ROM) than those with PTP =0 cm. At 12 months, QuickDASH and wrist ROM were still significantly worse. In the volar-plating subgroup, patients with PTP > 0 cm had significantly worse wrist ROM and grip strength at 3 months, but no significant differences were found in subsequent follow-ups. In the combined-plating group, patients with PTP > 0 cm had significantly worse QuickDASH, wrist ROM and grip strength at 3 months. At 6 and 12 months, wrist ROM was still significantly worse.CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of PTP distance appears to be useful to identify patients likely to have worse outcome after plating of a DRF. This could be a tool to improve the allocation of hand rehabilitation resources.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Klawonn, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Microglial activation elicits a negative affective state through prostaglandin-mediated modulation of striatal neurons
- 2021
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Ingår i: Immunity. - : CELL PRESS. - 1074-7613 .- 1097-4180. ; 54:2, s. 225-234.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microglia are activated in many neurological diseases and have been suggested to play an important role in the development of affective disorders including major depression. To investigate how microglial signaling regulates mood, we used bidirectional chemogenetic manipulations of microglial activity in mice. Activation of microglia in the dorsal striatum induced local cytokine expression and a negative affective state characterized by anhedonia and aversion, whereas inactivation of microglia blocked aversion induced by systemic inflammation. Interleukin-6 signaling and cyclooxygenase-1 mediated prostaglandin synthesis in the microglia were critical for the inflammation-induced aversion. Correspondingly, microglial activation led to a prostaglandin-dependent reduction of the excitability of striatal neurons. These findings demonstrate a mechanism by which microglial activation causes negative affect through prostaglandin-dependent modulation of striatal neurons and indicate that interference with this mechanism could milden the depressive symptoms in somatic and psychiatric diseases involving microglial activation.
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| 10. |
- Papakokkinou, Eleni, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenal venous sampling in patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 66:2, s. 338-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, The Author(s). Purpose: To study the usefulness of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in distinguishing unilateral from bilateral cortisol production in patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism and bilateral adrenal lesions, or morphologically normal adrenal glands. Methods: A retrospective analysis of ten consecutive patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism who underwent AVS at our institution between 2009 and 2017. Unilateral dominant cortisol production was defined as a side-to-side cortisol/aldosterone lateralization ratio >2. Results: Four of ten patients had overt Cushing’s syndrome. Of these, two had bilateral adrenal lesions on computed tomography and two had normal adrenal glands. One of the two patients with bilateral adrenal lesions had, based on the AVS, a unilateral dominant cortisol production. Following unilateral adrenalectomy the patient developed adrenal insufficiency. The other three patients were considered to have bilateral cortisol production and underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. Six patients had a mild autonomous cortisol secretion and bilateral adrenal lesions. Based on AVS, one patient was considered to have unilateral dominant cortisol production, underwent unilateral adrenalectomy and developed transient adrenal insufficiency postoperatively. Conclusions: AVS may contribute to appropriate treatment in patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism and bilateral adrenal lesions. In our series, AVS was helpful in the decision-making of two out of ten patients, avoiding chronic treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors, or inappropriate bilateral adrenalectomy.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Sagerfors, Marcus, MD, PhD, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Distal radius fractures in the superelderly : an observational study of 8486 cases from the Swedish fracture register
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most common fracture in adults. With an ageing population, the number of wrist fractures in the superelderly (≥ 80 years) is expected to rise. Optimal treatment for displaced DRFs remains controversial, especially in the superelderly group. In addition, basic knowledge of the outcome after a DRF in this heterogenic group is lacking. The aim of this study was to study injury characteristics, treatment and outcome of DRFs in superelderly patients using data from a large national register.METHODS: We used prospectively collected data from the Swedish Fracture Register. All distal radius fractures registered between April 2012 and December 2018 in patients ≥ 80 years of age were included. Data on epidemiology, fracture type, trauma mechanism and treatment are registered by the physician treating the patient. Patients are also sent a subjective outcome questionnaire including EQ-5D, EQ-VAS and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire (SMFA-score) at the time of injury and after 12 months. The 12-month questionnaire was sent to those who had completed the questionnaire at the time of injury. A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences between treatment methods.RESULTS: Mean age for this population was 86 years (80-105 years), a majority of the patients were female (86.7%). The dominating injury mechanism was a simple fall (74.6%) in the patient's residence. The majority of fractures were AO type A (70%) followed by AO type C (20.9%) and type B (8.6%). The incidence of open fractures was significantly higher in females (2.6%) compared to males (1.5%). A majority of the fractures were treated with a cast (87.5%) with volar locking plate as the second most common treatment method (6.6%). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) EQ-5D, EQ-VAS and the Arm Hand Function Index of the SMFA-score deteriorated somewhat one year after injury compared to pre-injury. PROMs did not correlate to treatment with cast or a volar plate.CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide register study provides detailed data on DRFs in the superelderly regarding epidemiology, treatment and self-reported outcome. A good self-reported outcome is possible, but many patients do not recover completely. PROMs did not correlate to type of treatment. The frequency of open fractures was significantly higher in females. The reason for this is unclear but different skin thickness in older males versus females may be one explanation.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Sagerfors, Marcus, MD, PhD, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment and outcome of AO/OTA type C distal radius fractures : 12 199 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. - : Belgian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. - 0001-6462. ; 89:2, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology, treatment, and patient-reported outcome of AO/OTA type C distal radius fractures (DRF) using data from a large national fracture register. We used prospectively collected data from the Swedish Fracture Register covering all AO/OTA type C DRFs registered between April 2012 and December 2018. Data on fracture type, epidemiology, trauma-mechanism, and treatment had been recorded by the treating physician. Patients had been sent an outcome questionnaire including EQ-VAS, EQ-5D, and the SMFA at the time of injury and 12 months after. A total of 12 199 cases with AO/OTA type C fracture were identified. AO/OTA type C1 fracture was most common, with 5400 cases, followed by AO type C2 with 4304 and AO/OTA type C3 with 2495. Cast treatment and surgical treatment with volar locking plate fixation were the most common treatments. Patient-reported outcome measures worsened significantly one year after the fracture, and 56% reported moderate problems with pain and discomfort one year after the fracture. Patients treated with a volar plate reported a significantly larger deterioration in EQ-5D outcome compared to patients treated with a cast. No treatment method was found to be superior. A good outcome after a type C fracture is possible, but many patients do not recover completely. Our findings indicate a relatively better self-reported outcome for patients treated with a cast, but as treatment was not randomized the clinical relevance is unclear.
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| 15. |
- Samuelsson, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Neurological outcome, mental fatigue and occurrence of aneurysms more than 15 years after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
- 2021
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Ingår i: World neurosurgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-8769 .- 1878-8750. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term data on neurological and radiological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is scarce. The aims of this study were to report neurological and radiological outcome more than 15 years after aSAH.Patients from Western Sweden with aSAH randomized to endovascular (EVT) or microsurgical treatment (MST) from 1997 to 2001 were included. Main end-points were neurological outcome assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS), fatigue assessed by mental fatigue scale (MFS) and radiological outcome assessed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Results were compared to a control group for MFS.Forty-six patients (62.2%) of the 74 survivors replied after 15-21 years. Eighteen had MST and 28 had EVT. mRS 0-2 was found in 100% of EVT patients and in 88.8 % of MST patients. Moderate or severe mental fatigue was found in 7/28 patients (25 %) in the EVT group and 7/18 patients (38.8 % (p<0.05)) in the MST group, whereas moderate or severe mental fatigue was observed in 3/34 (8.9 %) in the control group. Twenty-nine patients agreed to do an MRA. In the EVT group, new neck remnants were found in 2/16 (12.5%) and de novo aneurysm was found in 2/16 (12.5%). In the MST group de novo aneurysm was found in 1/13 (7.7%).Neurological outcome at long-term follow-up after aSAH was good, however mental fatigue was overrepresented compared to healthy controls, regardless of treatment modality. Residual or de novo aneurysm was found in 17% of patients warranting radiological long-term follow-up.
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| 16. |
- Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., et al.
(författare)
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Towards critical white ice conditions in lakes under global warming.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of lake ice is of uppermost importance for ice safety and under-ice ecology, but its temporal and spatial variability is largely unknown. Here we conducted a coordinated lake ice quality sampling campaign across the Northern Hemisphere during one of the warmest winters since 1880 and show that lake ice during 2020/2021 commonly consisted of unstable white ice, at times contributing up to 100% to the total ice thickness. We observed that white ice increased over the winter season, becoming thickest and constituting the largest proportion of the ice layer towards the end of the ice cover season when fatal winter drownings occur most often and light limits the growth and reproduction of primary producers. We attribute the dominance of white ice before ice-off to air temperatures varying around the freezing point, a condition which occurs more frequently during warmer winters. Thus, under continued global warming, the prevalence of white ice is likely to substantially increase during the critical period before ice-off, for which we adjusted commonly used equations for human ice safety and light transmittance through ice.
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