| 1. |
- Gynne, Annaliina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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MKL:s utlysningar av FoU-medel 2015-2018
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport presenteras en studie som tar avstamp i en satsning på samproducerad forskning och utveckling vid Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, Mälardalens högskola (numera Mälardalens universitet). I studien undersöks de idéer om samproduktion/samproducerad FoU som framträder i två utlysningar av finansiella medel för samproducerade forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt inom det utbildningsvetenskapliga fältet. Utlysningsomgångarna var initierade av lärosätets samverkansplattform för lärarutbildning, Mälardalens kompetenscentrum för lärande, MKL, och ägde rum 2015-2016 samt 2017-2018. Syftet med rapporten är att beskriva utlysningsprocesserna samt identifiera och analysera olika idéer om samverkan och samproducerad FoU som framträder i dessa. Detta har undersökts dels i relation till de övergripande utlysningsprocesserna, dels i relation till enskilda forskningsprojekt. I studien har ett omfattande textmaterial, som härstammar från utlysningsomgångarna, analyserats med hjälp av en deskriptiv och idéanalytisk ansats. Materialet delades upp på process- och projektdokumentation och analyserades utifrån syftet och de tre forskningsfrågorna: 1. Vilka idéer om samproducerad forskning och utveckling kan identifieras i dokumentationen, på process- och projektnivå?2. Hur beskrivs processer och deltagande aktörer, i termer av roller i samproduktion?3. Vilka förändringar gällande processer, roller och idéer om samproducerad forskning och utveckling kan urskiljas i dokumentationen över tid?Resultatredovisningen är uppdelad i två delar och följer utlysningsomgångarnas kronologi, dvs. analys av utlysningsomgång 1 efterföljs av analys av utlysningsomgång 2. I varje resultatkapitel presenteras först en analys av utlysningen på processnivå, efterföljt av en analys av projektnivå. I båda resultatkapitlen sammanfattas också resultaten.På processnivå framträder två idéer som centrala i och styrande för de två utlysningarna: samproduktion som metod samt samproduktion som delat ägarskap. På projektnivå har fyra övergripande idéer identifierats. Dessa är samproduktion som 1) nyttig för skolverksamhet, 2) nyttig för forskning och lärarutbildning, 3) ett vidare och kollektivt kunskapsbyggande samt 4) samproduktion som stärker samverkan. Dessa idéer och deras förekomst diskuteras i relation till ett antal kärnbegrepp inom samtida samverkansdiskurs. Även förändringar i processer, i samverkansaktörers rollbeskrivningar, och i hur idéerna framträder diskuteras. I slutsatser betonas bland annat vikten av att kunna handskas med utmaningar och att ta vara på möjligheter beträffande styrning av samproducerad FoU på processnivå, samt nödvändigheten av att lära av misslyckanden i samproduktion på både process- och projektnivå. Rapporten avslutas med fem rekommendationer för utveckling av framtida utlysningar av medel för FoU i samverkan.
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| 2. |
- Hajjari, Parisa, et al.
(författare)
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Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): comprehensive open-label trial in ten children
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in children with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) has for many years been used on clinical indications, but the research evidence for its efficacy is insufficient. Methods Open-label prospective in-depth trial including ten children (median age 10.3 years) with PANS, who received IVIG treatment 2 g/kg monthly for three months. Primary outcomes were changes in symptom severity and impairment from baseline to first and second follow-up visits one month after first and one month after third treatment, using three investigator-rated scales: Paediatric Acute Neuropsychiatric Symptom (PANS) scale, Clinical Global Impression - Severity and Improvement (CGI-S and CGI-I) scales. Secondary outcomes reported here were changes in Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) scores, and side effects. Results All ten children received three treatments at one-month intervals according to study plan. From baseline to second follow-up marked reductions were seen in mean total PANS scale scores (p = .005), and CGI-S scores (p = .004). CGI-I ratings showed much to very much global improvement (mean CGI-I 1.8). Nine children had clinical response defined as > 30% reduction in PANS Scale scores. Improvements were also noted for CY-BOCS scores (p = .005), and in school attendance. Three children suffered moderate to severe temporary side effects after the first treatment, and the remaining seven had mild to moderate side effects. Side effects were much less severe after second and third treatments. Conclusions Considerable and pervasive improvements in symptoms and clinical impairments were seen in these ten children after three monthly IVIG treatments. Moderate to severe transient side effects occurred in three cases.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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An ecological study of chronic kidney disease in five Mesoamerican countries : associations with crop and heat
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mesoamerica is severely affected by an epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), an epidemic with a marked variation within countries. We sought to describe the spatial distribution of CKDnt in Mesoamerica and examine area-level crop and climate risk factors.METHODS: CKD mortality or hospital admissions data was available for five countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and linked to demographic, crop and climate data. Maps were developed using Bayesian spatial regression models. Regression models were used to analyze the association between area-level CKD burden and heat and cultivation of four crops: sugarcane, banana, rice and coffee.RESULTS: There are regions within each of the five countries with elevated CKD burden. Municipalities in hot areas and much sugarcane cultivation had higher CKD burden, both compared to equally hot municipalities with lower intensity of sugarcane cultivation and to less hot areas with equally intense sugarcane cultivation, but associations with other crops at different intensity and heat levels were not consistent across countries.CONCLUSION: Mapping routinely collected, already available data could be a first step to identify areas with high CKD burden. The finding of higher CKD burden in hot regions with intense sugarcane cultivation which was repeated in all five countries agree with individual-level studies identifying heavy physical labor in heat as a key CKDnt risk factor. In contrast, no associations between CKD burden and other crops were observed.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of movement was associated with sedentary behaviour 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - 1471-2474. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Movement behaviours, such as sedentary behaviour (SB) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), are linked with multiple aspects of health and can be influenced by various pain-related psychological factors, such as fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise. However, the relationships between these factors and postoperative SB and MVPA remain unclear in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative pain-related psychological factors and postoperative SB and MVPA in patients with low back pain (LBP) and degenerative disc disorder at6 and 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: Secondary data were collected from 118 patients (63 women and 55 men; mean age 46 years) who underwent lumbar fusion surgery in a randomised controlled trial. SB and MVPA were measured using the triaxial accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X+. Fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise served as predictors. The association between these factors and the relative time spent in SB and MVPA 6 and 12 months after surgery was analysed via linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Preoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with relative time spent in SB at 6 and 12 months after surgery (β = 0.013, 95% confidence interval = 0.004 to 0.022, p = 0.007). Neither pain catastrophising nor self-efficacy for exercise showed significant associations with relative time spent in SB and MVPA at these time points. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that preoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with postoperative SB in patients with LBP and degenerative disc disorder. This finding underscores the potential benefits of preoperative screening for pain-related psychological factors, including fear of movement, preoperatively. Such screenings could aid in identifying patients who might benefit from targeted interventions to promote healthier postoperative movement behaviour and improved health outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Jakobsson, Max, 1969-
(författare)
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Från industrier till upplevelser : en studie av symbolisk och materiell omvandling i Bergslagen
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In old industrial regions traces from historical mining and production of iron and steel have become a valuable resource in developing a tourism industry and other experience-oriented industries in the post-industrial society. The so called Experience Industry became a buzz-word in regional development programs during the 2000´s. The region of Bergslagen in the middle of Sweden is a good example of this structural change in economy which has been going on since the crisis of the steel industry in the middle of the 1970´s. In the 1980’s, the region was seen as one of the most depressed areas in Sweden, together with the sparsely populated north. Because of that, cultural heritage has been promoted to strengthen regional identity in Bergslagen. Strengthening regional identity is still a matter in regional development in the region, but today efforts are more concentrated on commercial use and packaging of heritage as experience in order to create an attractive image of Bergslagen. Statistical data shows that the regional labour market is changing. During the 1990s and early 2000s employment in the Experience Economy in Bergslagen has increased by almost 30 percent. The emerging labour force is in many ways different from the traditional patterns on the regional labour market. Traditionally marginalized group, such as women, young people and immigrants are well represented. But they are often low educated, low paid and part-time employed. On the other hand we also find a growing well educated and well paid group of employees. They are often in-migrants or commuters from places outside the region. Campaigns to promote Experience Industries on the local level are common in many places in the region. Local campaigns tend to focus on tourism and the commercial use of the typical industrial heritage associated with Bergslagen. However, the regional identity is often considered a problem due to the negative image of Bergslagen which where formed after the crisis for the steel industry. Although there is a tendency towards a more positive approach to Bergslagen, developers and politicians often still claim that they rather use other local and regional identities in place marketing than being a place in Bergslagen.
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| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Level of Evidence for Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of Physical Capacity Tasks Designed to Assess Functioning in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review Using the COSMIN Standards.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1538-6724 .- 0031-9023. ; 99:4, s. 457-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical capacity tasks (ie, observer-administered outcome measures that comprise a standardized activity) are useful for assessing functioning in patients with low back pain. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the level of evidence for the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of physical capacity tasks. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and relevant reference lists were used as data sources. STUDY SELECTION: Two authors independently selected articles addressing the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of physical capacity tasks, and a third author resolved discrepancies. DATA EXTRACTION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT: One author performed data extraction, and a second author independently checked the data extraction for accuracy. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality with the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) 4-point checklist, and a third author resolved discrepancies. DATA SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS: Data synthesis was performed by all authors to determine the level of evidence per measurement property per physical capacity task. The 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 5-minute walk, 50-ft (∼15.3-m) walk, Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation, and Timed "Up & Go" tasks displayed moderate to strong evidence for positive ratings of both reliability and construct validity. The 1-minute stair-climbing, 5-repetition sit-to-stand, shuttle walking, and Timed "Up & Go" tasks showed limited evidence for positive ratings of responsiveness. LIMITATIONS: The COSMIN 4-point checklist was originally developed for patient-reported outcome measures and not physical capacity tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 50-ft walk, 5-minute walk, Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation, Timed "Up & Go," and 1-minute stair-climbing tasks are promising tests for the measurement of functioning in patients with chronic low back pain. However, more research on the measurement error and responsiveness of these tasks is needed to be able to fully recommend them as outcome measures in research and clinical practice.
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| 9. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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One-minute stair climbing, 50-foot walk, and timed up-and-go were responsive measures for patients with chronic low back pain undergoing lumbar fusion surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPhysical capacity tasks are useful tools to assess functioning in patients with low back pain (LBP), but evidence is scarce regarding the responsiveness (ability to detect change over time) and minimal important change (MIC). The aim was to investigate the responsiveness and MIC of 5-min walk, 1-min stair climbing, 50-ft walk, and timed up-and-go in patients with chronic LBP undergoing lumbar fusion surgery.MethodsIn this clinimetric study, 118 patients scheduled for lumbar fusion surgery for motion-elicited chronic LBP with degenerative changes were included. All patients performed the physical capacity tasks 5-min walk, 1-min stair climbing, 50-ft walk, and timed up-and-go 8-12weeks before and six months after surgery. Responsiveness was evaluated by testing five a priori responsiveness hypotheses. The hypotheses concerned the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and correlations (Spearman's rho) between the change scores of the physical capacity tasks, the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0 (ODI), and back pain intensity measured with visual analog scale (VAS). At least 80% of the hypotheses would have to be confirmed for adequate responsiveness. Absolute and relative MICs for improvement were determined by the optimal cut-off point of the ROC curve based on the classification of improved and unchanged patients according to construct-specific global perceived effect (GPE) scales.ResultsOne-minute stair climbing, 50-ft walk and timed up-and-go displayed adequate responsiveness ( 80% of hypotheses confirmed), while 5-min walk did not (40% of hypotheses confirmed). The absolute MICs for improvement were 45.5m for 5-min walk, 20.0 steps for 1-min stair climbing, -0.6s for 50-ft walk, and-1.3s for timed up-and-go.ConclusionsThe results of responsiveness for 1-min stair climbing, 50-ft walk, and timed up-and-go implies that these have the ability to detect changes in physical capacity over time in patients with chronic LBP who have undergone lumbar fusion surgery.
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| 10. |
- Jakobsson, Max
(författare)
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Outcome Measures of Functioning and Physical Activity in Patients with Low Back Pain - Exemplified in Patients Who Undergo Lumbar Fusion Surgery
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Chronic low back pain (LBP) can negatively affect health in terms of disability and decreased levels of functioning and physical activity. Chronic LBP due to degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a subgroup of LBP for which lumbar fusion surgery (LFS) is a treatment option. LFS is usually evaluated with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of disability, but physical capacity tasks measuring functioning and accelerometers measuring physical activity can complement the use of PROMs to better understand patients’ health. AIM: To investigate aspects of the measurement of functioning and physical activity in patients with LBP. METHODS: In Study I, articles on physical capacity tasks for patients with LBP were systematically identified and the level of evidence for the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the tasks was determined. Studies II‒IV included patients with chronic LBP due to DDD scheduled for LFS. In Study II, the responsiveness and minimal important change of four physical capacity tasks were investigated with hypothesis testing and the optimal cutoff point method. In Study III, patients’ preoperative level of physical activity was studied with accelerometers. Associations with potential barriers to physical activity were investigated with regression analysis. In Study IV, preoperative predictors of the patients’ levels of physical activity and disability six months after surgery were investigated with regression analysis. RESULTS: Five-repetition sit-to-stand, five-minute walk, 50-foot walk, progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation, and timed up-and-go demonstrated the best evidence for reliability and validity for patients with chronic LBP (Study I). Of these, five-repetition sit-to-stand also showed adequate responsiveness. One-minute stair climbing demonstrated adequate results for both reliability and responsiveness. In Studies II–IV, 118 patients with chronic LBP due to DDD were included. Fifty- foot walk, timed up-and-go, and one-minute stair climbing demonstrated adequate responsiveness while 5-minute walk did not (Study II). Ninety-eight patients did not fulfill the WHO recommendations on physical activity, of whom 32 did not accumulate a single minute of the required 150 minutes per week of physical activity. Moreover, high levels of fear of movement and disability were associated with a low preoperative level of physical activity (Study III). A low preoperative level of physical activity and a high preoperative level of self-efficacy for exercise were predictors of a larger increase in the postoperative physical activity. A high preoperative level of disability and low preoperative levels of pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy for exercise were predictors of a more favorable outcome for disability (Study IV). CONCLUSIONS: Fifty-foot walk and timed up-and-go showed adequate results for reliability, validity, and responsiveness and are recommended for assessment of functioning in patients with chronic LBP due to DDD undergoing LFS. Future pre- and postoperative interventions targeting fear of movement and disability might increase the level of physical activity in physically-inactive patients. The prediction model of physical activity could possibly be used in clinical practice to predict which patients are in need of extra pre- and postoperative interventions to increase their level of physical activity.
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| 11. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Self-Reported Disability Following Lumbar Fusion Surgery.
- 2019
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Ingår i: World neurosurgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-8769 .- 1878-8750. ; 121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of preoperative fear-avoidance factors (self-efficacy for exercise, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and depression), walking capacity, and traditional predictor variables for predicting postoperative changes in physical activity level and disability 6 months after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 118 patients scheduled for lumbar fusion surgery for motion-elicited chronic LBP with degenerative changes in 1-3 segments of the lumbar spine. Associations between the predictors and the dependent variables were investigated with multiple linear regression analysis. Dependent variables were physical activity level as objectively measured with a triaxial accelerometer and disability as measured with the Oswestry Disability Index. RESULTS: Preoperative physical activity level (β=-0.349; P < 0.001) and self-efficacy for exercise (β= 0.176; P= 0.021) were significant predictors of the postoperative change in physical activity. Preoperative disability (β=-0.790; P < 0.001), self-efficacy for exercise (β= 0.152; P= 0.024), and pain catastrophizing (β= 0.383; P= 0.033) were significant predictors for the change in the Oswestry Disability Index. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with low levels of preoperative physical activity were more likely to increase their level of physical activity after lumbar fusion surgery, especially when their self-efficacy for exercise was high. However, most of these patients still had low levels of physical activity after surgery, and they may therefore need extra support in increasing their postoperative physical activity levels.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Kemani, Mike K., et al.
(författare)
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Fear of Movement Is Related to Low Back Disability During a Two-Year Period in Patients Who Have Undergone Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Neurosurgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-8750 .- 1878-8769. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate change in fear of movement and the relationship of fear of movement and pain intensity to low back disability and general health-related quality of life over a 2-year period. Methods: Consecutive patients scheduled for lumbar spine surgery were included. In addition to clinical background variables, back pain intensity, fear of movement, low back disability, and general health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze data. Results: In total, 348 patients were included in the final analyses. There was a significant reduction in fear of movement and a significant interaction between fear of movement and low back disability across assessments, showing that greater levels of fear of movement were related to greater levels of disability over the 2-year period. Similarly, greater levels of back pain intensity were related to lower levels of general health-related quality of life during this period. Conclusions: We found that greater levels of fear of movement were related to greater levels of low back disability, following lumbar spine surgery, in a longitudinal study. This shows the need to address fear of movement in prehabilitation/rehabilitation pre- or postsurgically to improve health outcomes for patients who undergo lumbar spine surgery. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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| 14. |
- Lotzke, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Person-Centered Prehabilitation Program Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Physical Therapy for Patients Scheduled for Lumbar Fusion Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 99:8, s. 1069-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prehabilitation programs have led to improved postoperative outcomes in several surgical contexts, but there are presently no guidelines for the prehabilitation phase before lumbar fusion surgery. Objective The objective was to investigate whether a person-centered physical therapy prehabilitation program, based on a cognitive-behavioral approach, is more effective than conventional care in reducing disability and improving functioning after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with degenerative disk disease. Setting The study took place at 2 private spine clinics and 1 university hospital. Patients We prospectively enrolled 118 patients scheduled for lumbar fusion surgery. Intervention The active intervention used a person-centered perspective and focused on promoting physical activity and targeting psychological risk factors before surgery. The control group received conventional preoperative care. Measurements The primary outcome was the Oswestry Disability Index score. Secondary outcomes were back and leg pain intensity, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life, and patient-specific functioning, physical activity, and physical capacity. Data were collected on 6 occasions up to 6 months postoperatively. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the change scores of each outcome. Results No statistically significant between-group difference was found on the primary outcome (disability) over time (baseline to 6 months). Among secondary outcome measures, a statistically significant interaction effect (Group x Time) was seen for the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Questionnaire. The largest between-group difference on the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Questionnaire index was seen 1 week prior to surgery and favored the active intervention. The largest between-group effect sizes at the 6-month follow-up favored the active intervention, and were seen for physical activity intensity, steps per day, and the One Leg Stand Test. Both groups reached the minimal important change for the primary outcome and, in several secondary outcomes (pain intensity, back and leg; pain catastrophizing; anxiety; health-related quality of life [EQ5D VAS]), already at 8-week follow-up. Limitations The participants' preoperative level of disability was lower than normative values, which suggests selection bias. Conclusions Both interventions led to clinically important changes, but it is not clear what kind of prehabilitation program is the most effective.
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| 15. |
- Lotzke, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with severe low back pain exhibit a low level of physical activity before lumbar fusion surgery: a cross-sectional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People with severe low back pain are at higher risk of poor health. Patients scheduled for lumbar fusion surgery are assumed to have low levels of physical activity, but few data exist. The aim of the study was firstly to investigate preoperative levels of objectively measured physical activity in patients with severe low back pain waiting for lumbar fusion surgery, and secondly to investigate whether factors in the fear-avoidance model were associated with these levels. METHODS: We included 118 patients waiting for lumbar fusion surgery (63 women and 55 men; mean age 46 years). Physical activity expressed as steps per day and total time spent in at least moderate-intensity physical activity was assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. The data were compared to the WHO recommendations on physical activity for health. Whether factors in the fear-avoidance model were associated with physical activity was evaluated by two different multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (83%) did not reach the WHO recommendations on physical activity for health, and 19 (16%) patients took fewer than 5000 steps per day, which indicates a sedentary lifestyle. On a group level, higher scores for fear of movement and disability were associated with lower numbers of steps per day. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of the patients did not reach the WHO recommendations on physical activity and are therefore at risk of poor health due to insufficient physical activity. We also found a negative association between both fear of movement and disability, and the number of steps per day. Action needs to be taken to motivate patients to be more physically active before surgery, to improve health postoperatively. There is a need for interventions aimed at increasing physical activity levels and reducing barriers to physical activity in the prehabilitation phase of this patient group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISCRTN 17115599 , retrospectively Registered 18 may 2015.
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| 16. |
- Lotzke, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Use of the PREPARE (PREhabilitation, Physical Activity and exeRcisE) program to improve outcomes after lumbar fusion surgery for severe low back pain: A study protocol of a person-centred randomised controlled trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Following lumbar fusion surgery, a successful outcome is empirically linked to effective rehabilitation. While rehabilitation is typically postoperative, the phase before surgery - termed prehabilitation - is reportedly an ideal time to prepare the patient. There are presently no guidelines for prehabilitation before lumbar fusion surgery. Physical activity has well-known health benefits, and staying physically active despite pain is a major principle in non-pharmacological chronic low back pain treatment. Psychological factors such as fear of movement, pain catastrophizing and low self-efficacy are known to be barriers to staying active. No studies have investigated prehabilitation protocols that promote physical activity and target psychological risk factors before lumbar fusion surgery. The aim of our proposed randomised controlled trial is to investigate whether patients who undergo lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative disc disease experience better functioning with a physiotherapeutic prehabilitation program (PREPARE) based on a cognitive behavioural approach compared to conventional care. Methods/Design: We will recruit 110 patients between 18-70 years of age with degenerative disc disease who are waiting for lumbar fusion surgery. These patients will be randomly assigned to receive either PREPARE or conventional care. PREPARE uses a person-centred perspective and focuses on promoting physical activity and targeting psychological risk factors before surgery. The primary outcome will be disability measured using the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0. Secondary outcomes will include functioning (patient-reported and performance-based), physical activity (accelerometer), health-related quality of life, back and leg pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, satisfaction with treatment results and health economic factors. Data will be collected at baseline (preoperatively) after the intervention (preoperatively), 3 and 8 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 60 months postoperatively. Discussion: We hypothesise that the focus on promoting physical activity and targeting psychological risk factors before surgery will decrease disability and help the patients to be more active despite pain both before and after surgery. We will use a combination of outcome measures both patient-reported and performance-based, as well as accelerometer data. This will provide a more comprehensive picture of the patient's functioning than just patient-reported outcomes alone. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISCRTN17115599, Retrospectively Registered 18 May 2015. © 2016 The Author(s).
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| 17. |
- Lundmark, Mats, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Bergslagen : en industriregion i upplösning?
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bergslagen – en industriregion i upplösning?” är en av tre rapporter från det av Riksantikvarieämbetet finansierade forskningsprojektet Brytpunkt Bergslagen. Alla tre rapporterna fokuserar på Bergslagens industriella kulturarv, men på olika sätt. Rapport nr 1 Bergslagen – en industriregion i upplösning? är författad av tre kulturgeografer vid Örebro universitet, professor Mats Lundmark, FD Mona Hedfeldt och FD Max Jakobsson. Forskarna har genomfört en kvantitativ undersökning av 31 noga valda orter i olika befolkningsklasser i samtliga fem län, dels sådana som ingår i Bergslagssatsningen (Bergslagshistoriska centrum) och – för att få en jämförelse – dels orter av samma storlek som inte ingår i Bergslagssatsningen.
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| 18. |
- Lundmark, Mats, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Bergslagen - en industriregion i upplösning?
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kan en gammal industriregion som Bergslagen kan byta inriktning när det gäller näringsliv och arbete, och är det möjligt att vända den negativa befolkningsutvecklingen? Vilka tecken på förnyelse och förändring i Bergslagens orter kan skönjas när det gäller företagande och sysselsättning, befolkningsunderlag och service? Kommer det överhuvudtaget att vara meningsfullt att tala om Bergslagen som sammanhängande region år 2050?Denna studie inom projektet Brytpunkt Bergslagen bygger på en statistisk analys av ett 30-tal utvalda orter i Bergslagen, varav ett tiotal ingår i Bergslagssatsningen – Kultur och Turism. Vi följer utvecklingen i dessa orter från tidigt 1990-tal fram till år 2008, och avsikten är att senare kunna följa upp utvecklingen när Bergslagssatsningen avslutas omkring 2017.Studien visar att företagandet ökar i betydelse, något som bryter mot tidigare bilder av Bergslagen. Kultur- och turismnäringarna växer i Bergslagsregionen, men de svarar för en liten del av sysselsättningen. Tillgången till olika former av service har förändrats. Antalet livsmedelsbutiker har minskat, liksom förskolor, grundskolor och sjukvårdsenheter. Samtidigt har antalet hotell och restauranger har ökat. Det är frestande att dra slutsatsen ”det går att allt bättre att besöka Bergslagen, men det går inte att stanna kvar”.
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| 19. |
- Raghavan, Maanasa, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 345:6200, s. 1020-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (similar to 3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.
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| 20. |
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Utbildningsvetenskapliga perspektiv på samverkan
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samverkan som begrepp och fenomen har blivit allt viktigare inslag för utbildningsvetenskaplig forskning, för lärarutbildning och för den pedagogiska praktiken. I Utbildningsvetenskapliga perspektiv på samverkan förs olika teoretiska, metodologiska och ämnesdidaktiska aspekter av samverkan inom utbildningsvetenskap fram. Antologin knyter samman dessa aspekter och bjuder in till reflektion och problematisering. Bokens målgrupp är studenter och lärare inom lärarutbildningar, men den är också relevant för lärarfortbildning, för yrkesverksamma inom skola och utbildningsförvaltningar samt för forskare och andra med intresse för samverkan inom utbildningssektorn. Den utgör ett pedagogiskt verktyg i diskussioner om samverkan genom att både inspirera och utmana. Antologin har sammanställts av tre samverkanslektorer vid Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation på Mälardalens universitet inom ramen för projektet ULF (Utveckling, Lärande, Forskning).
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| 21. |
- Zirakzadeh, A. Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Tumour-associated B cells in urothelial urinary bladder cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 91:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumour infiltrating B cells and CD38+ plasma cells have been correlated with survival in different malignancies but their role in urinary bladder cancer is unclear. IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine with both anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties, that can be released by regulatory B cells (Bregs). We have stained paraffin-embedded tumour sections from 31 patients with invasive urothelial urinary bladder cancer with respect to CD20+ B cells, CD38+ cells, IL-10-expressing cells, IgG, C1q and C3a and analysed the impact of these markers on survival. Interestingly, we observe tumour-associated CD20+ B cells forming follicle-like structures in tumours of some patients. We demonstrate that follicle-like structures, tumour-associated CD38+ cells, IL-10 produced by non-B cells, tumour infiltrating IgG and activation of the complement system, may associate to longer survival of urinary bladder cancer patients. IL-10 expression by tumour-associated Bregs may instead negatively affect prognosis. More research is needed to fully understand the role of B cells and IL-10 in urinary bladder cancer.
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| 22. |
- Åstrand, Max, et al.
(författare)
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A system for underground road condition monitoring
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. - : China University of Mining and Technology. - 2095-2686. ; 30:3, s. 405-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor road conditions in underground mine tunnels can lead to decreased production efficiency and increased wear on production vehicles. A prototype system for road condition monitoring is presented in this paper to counteract this. The system consists of three components i.e. localization, road monitoring, and scheduling. The localization of vehicles is performed using a Rao-Blackwellized extended particle filter, combining vehicle mounted sensors with signal strengths of WiFi access points. Two methods for road monitoring are described: a Kalman filter used together with a model of the vehicle suspension system, and a relative condition measure based on the power spectral density. Lastly, a method for taking automatic action on an ill-conditioned road segment is proposed in the form of a rescheduling algorithm. The scheduling algorithm is based on the large neighborhood search and is used to integrate road service activities in the short-term production schedule while minimizing introduced production disturbances. The system is demonstrated on experimental data collected in a Swedish underground mine.
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| 23. |
- Östh, Jan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of THOR-50M Thoracic Injury Criteria by Population-based Accident Reconstructions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI. - 2235-3151. ; , s. 882-894
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several thoracic Injury Criteria (IC) and Injury Risk Functions (IRFs) have been proposed to relate THOR-50M chest deflections to the risk of rib fracture based on post mortem human subject tests. This study assessed the IC Rmax, PCScore, Dmax, DcTHOR, TICNFR and TICNSFR and their associated IRFs for their ability to predict the rib fracture risk of human occupants in stochastic population-based frontal impact accident reconstructions based on data from NASS/CDS. A THOR-50M finite element model was positioned in an occupant compartment model parameterised with respect to its interior geometry and restraint configuration. In addition, crash pulse characteristics and restraint activation times were parameterised, and 1,000 stochastic simulations were run. For the evaluated IC, the IRF values from each simulation were aggregated to a continuous curve with respect to delta velocity (ΔV). In general, the evaluated ICs and their IRFs overpredicted the risk of injury compared with rib fracture risk curves from the real-world crash data, except TICNSFR which was found to be too insensitive. The criterion that best matched the real-world crash data was PCScore, which had the closest match to the real-world data for the velocity at which 0.5 probability of AIS3+ rib fracture risk was predicted.
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