| 1. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
IceCat-1: The IceCube Event Catalog of Alert Tracks
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 1538-4365 .- 0067-0049. ; 269:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a catalog of likely astrophysical neutrino track-like events from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. IceCube began reporting likely astrophysical neutrinos in 2016, and this system was updated in 2019. The catalog presented here includes events that were reported in real time since 2019, as well as events identified in archival data samples starting from 2011. We report 275 neutrino events from two selection channels as the first entries in the catalog, the IceCube Event Catalog of Alert Tracks, which will see ongoing extensions with additional alerts. The Gold and Bronze alert channels respectively provide neutrino candidates with a 50% and 30% probability of being astrophysical, on average assuming an astrophysical neutrino power-law energy spectral index of 2.19. For each neutrino alert, we provide the reconstructed energy, direction, false-alarm rate, probability of being astrophysical in origin, and likelihood contours describing the spatial uncertainty in the alert's reconstructed location. We also investigate a directional correlation of these neutrino events with gamma-ray and X-ray catalogs, including 4FGL, 3HWC, TeVCat, and Swift-BAT.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of atmospheric neutrino mixing with improved IceCube DeepCore calibration and data processing
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 108:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a new data sample of IceCube DeepCore and report on the latest measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillations obtained with data recorded between 2011-2019. The sample includes significant improvements in data calibration, detector simulation, and data processing, and the analysis benefits from a sophisticated treatment of systematic uncertainties, with significantly greater level of detail since our last study. By measuring the relative fluxes of neutrino flavors as a function of their reconstructed energies and arrival directions we constrain the atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters to be sin2θ23=0.51±0.05 and Δm322=2.41±0.07×10-3 eV2, assuming a normal mass ordering. The errors include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. The resulting 40% reduction in the error of both parameters with respect to our previous result makes this the most precise measurement of oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. Our results are also compatible and complementary to those obtained using neutrino beams from accelerators, which are obtained at lower neutrino energies and are subject to different sources of uncertainties.
|
|
| 3. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 83:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric muon neutrinos are produced by meson decays in cosmic-ray-induced air showers. The flux depends on meteorological quantities such as the air temperature, which affects the density of air. Competition between decay and re-interaction of those mesons in the first particle production generations gives rise to a higher neutrino flux when the air density in the stratosphere is lower, corresponding to a higher temperature. A measurement of a temperature dependence of the atmospheric νμ flux provides a novel method for constraining hadronic interaction models of air showers. It is particularly sensitive to the production of kaons. Studying this temperature dependence for the first time requires a large sample of high-energy neutrinos as well as a detailed understanding of atmospheric properties. We report the significant (>10σ) observation of a correlation between the rate of more than 260,000 neutrinos, detected by IceCube between 2012 and 2018, and atmospheric temperatures of the stratosphere, measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA’s AQUA satellite. For the observed 10 % seasonal change of effective atmospheric temperature we measure a 3.5(3) % change in the muon neutrino flux. This observed correlation deviates by about 2-3 standard deviations from the expected correlation of 4.3 % as obtained from theoretical predictions under the assumption of various hadronic interaction models.
|
|
| 4. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Search for 10-1000 GeV Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts with IceCube
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 964:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of a search for 10-1000 GeV neutrinos from 2268 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) over 8 yr of IceCube-DeepCore data. This work probes burst physics below the photosphere where electromagnetic radiation cannot escape. Neutrinos of tens of giga electronvolts are predicted in sub-photospheric collision of free-streaming neutrons with bulk-jet protons. In a first analysis, we searched for the most significant neutrino-GRB coincidence using six overlapping time windows centered on the prompt phase of each GRB. In a second analysis, we conducted a search for a group of GRBs, each individually too weak to be detectable, but potentially significant when combined. No evidence of neutrino emission is found for either analysis. The most significant neutrino coincidence is for Fermi-GBM GRB bn 140807500, with a p-value of 0.097 corrected for all trials. The binomial test used to search for a group of GRBs had a p-value of 0.65 after all trial corrections. The binomial test found a group consisting only of GRB bn 140807500 and no additional GRBs. The neutrino limits of this work complement those obtained by IceCube at tera electronvolt to peta electronvolt energies. We compare our findings for the large set of GRBs as well as GRB 221009A to the sub-photospheric neutron-proton collision model and find that GRB 221009A provides the most constraining limit on baryon loading. For a jet Lorentz factor of 300 (800), the baryon loading on GRB 221009A is lower than 3.85 (2.13) at a 90% confidence level.
|
|
| 5. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Search for neutrino lines from dark matter annihilation and decay with IceCube
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 108:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dark matter particles in the Galactic Center and halo can annihilate or decay into a pair of neutrinos producing a monochromatic flux of neutrinos. The spectral feature of this signal is unique and it is not expected from any astrophysical production mechanism. Its observation would constitute a dark matter smoking gun signal. We performed the first dedicated search with a neutrino telescope for such signal, by looking at both the angular and energy information of the neutrino events. To this end, a total of five years of IceCube's DeepCore data has been used to test dark matter masses ranging from 10 GeV to 40 TeV. No significant neutrino excess was found and upper limits on the annihilation cross section, as well as lower limits on the dark matter lifetime, were set. The limits reached are of the order of 10-24 cm3/s for an annihilation and up to 1027 s for decaying dark matter. Using the same data sample we also derive limits for dark matter annihilation or decay into a pair of Standard Model charged particles.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of the astrophysical diffuse neutrino flux using starting track events in IceCube
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 110:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A measurement of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino spectrum is presented using IceCube data collected from 2011-2022 (10.3 years). We developed novel detection techniques to search for events with a contained vertex and exiting track induced by muon neutrinos undergoing a charged-current interaction. Searching for these starting track events allows us to not only more effectively reject atmospheric muons but also atmospheric neutrino backgrounds in the southern sky, opening a new window to the sub-100 TeV astrophysical neutrino sky. The event selection is constructed using a dynamic starting track veto and machine learning algorithms. We use this data to measure the astrophysical diffuse flux as a single power law flux (SPL) with a best-fit spectral index of γ=2.58-0.09+0.10 and per-flavor normalization of φper-flavorAstro=1.68-0.22+0.19×10-18×GeV-1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 (at 100 TeV). The sensitive energy range for this dataset is 3-550 TeV under the SPL assumption. This data was also used to measure the flux under a broken power law, however we did not find any evidence of a low energy cutoff.
|
|
| 8. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Citizen science for IceCube: Name that Neutrino
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - 2190-5444. ; 139:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Name that Neutrino is a citizen science project where volunteers aid in classification of events for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, an immense particle detector at the geographic South Pole. From March 2023 to September 2023, volunteers did classifications of videos produced from simulated data of both neutrino signal and background interactions. Name that Neutrino obtained more than 128,000 classifications by over 1800 registered volunteers that were compared to results obtained by a deep neural network machine-learning algorithm. Possible improvements for both Name that Neutrino and the deep neural network are discussed.
|
|
| 9. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(författare)
-
IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
|
|
| 10. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Improved modeling of in-ice particle showers for IceCube event reconstruction
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 19:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory relies on an array of photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light produced by charged particles in the South Pole ice. IceCube data analyses depend on an in-depth characterization of the glacial ice, and on novel approaches in event reconstruction that utilize fast approximations of photoelectron yields. Here, a more accurate model is derived for event reconstruction that better captures our current knowledge of ice optical properties. When evaluated on a Monte Carlo simulation set, the median angular resolution for in-ice particle showers improves by over a factor of three compared to a reconstruction based on a simplified model of the ice. The most substantial improvement is obtained when including effects of birefringence due to the polycrystalline structure of the ice. When evaluated on data classified as particle showers in the high-energy starting events sample, a significantly improved description of the events is observed.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
|
|
| 12. |
- Ail, Ujwala, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization of Non-Pyrolyzed Lignin Electrodes for Sustainable Batteries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2366-7486. ; 7:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin, a byproduct from the pulp industry, is one of the redox active biopolymers being investigated as a component in the electrodes for sustainable energy storage applications. Due to its insulating nature, it needs to be combined with a conductor such as carbon or conducting polymer for efficient charge storage. Here, the lignin/carbon composite electrodes manufactured via mechanical milling (ball milling) are reported. The composite formation, correlation between performance and morphology is studied by comparison with manual mixing and jet milling. Superior charge storage capacity with approximate to 70% of the total contribution from the Faradaic process involving the redox functionality of lignin is observed in a mechanically milled composite. In comparison, manual mix shows only approximate to 30% from the lignin storage participation while the rest is due to the electric double layer at the carbon-electrolyte interface. The significant participation of lignin in the ball milled composite is attributed to the homogeneous, intimate mixing of the carbon and the lignin leading the electronic carrier transported in the carbon phase to reach most of the redox group of lignin. A maximum capacity of 49 mAh g(-1) is obtained at charge/discharge rate of 0.25 A g(-1) for the sample milled for 60 min.
|
|
| 13. |
- Bern, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Mobilitet och tillgänglighet – framtidens resande
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trafikverket har gett TRUM (Transportforskningsenheten vid Umeå Universitet) i uppdrag att utreda framtidens mobilitet innefattande frågor såsom privatpersoners attityder och normer till resande med bil och däribland självkörande bilar, betalningsvilja, syn på ägande inställning till individuellt resande gentemot kollektivt resande, samt intressenters förväntningar på ett framtida tillgängligt transportsystem. Därutöver önskar Trafikverket ökad förståelse kring arbetssätt och metoder för att möta teknikutveckling och framtida mobilitet. Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att svara på dessa frågeställningar utifrån litteraturstudier och intervjuer.Det huvudsakliga underlaget för rapporten är en genomgång av litteratur relaterad till transporter, mobilitet och historiska såväl som framtida trender. Fokus har varit på persontransporter kopplat till människors beteende, samt vad privatpersoner, framtidsspanare och företrädare för bil- och teknikbranschen tror kommer att hända med personresande i framtiden. Utöver litteraturstudien genomfördes sex intervjuer under januari och februari 2016. Intervjuerna gjordes med syfte att öka förståelsen för hur människor resonerar kring mobilitet och transporter i dagsläget och hur de tror att vi kommer att resa i framtiden. Utifrån litteraturgenomgången och intervjuerna kan konstateras att attityder till elbilar generellt sett är positiva. Hinder för ett bredare genombrott utgörs av uppfattade prisskillnader, räckviddsångest och uppfattad brist på laddinfrastruktur. Som drivkrafter kan nämnas ökat miljömedvetande och alltmer positiva attityder bland flera olika aktörer, till exempel teknikutvecklare. När det gäller självkörande bilar är attityderna mer varierande. Bland annat lyfts säkerhetsfaktorer, tillgänglighet och det faktum att flera bilmodeller redan idag utrustas med olika typer av autonomifunktioner. Enligt olika bedömningar kommer koncept såsom Mobility as a Service och liknande att leda till förändrade attityder och normer när det gäller både privat och kollektivt resande. Avslutningsvis lämnas förslag på hur dessa och andra förändringar kan följas och förstås utifrån ett planeringsperspektiv. Olika metoder och perspektiv är viktiga för att skapa en bild över framtida utveckling redan idag, framförallt kopplat till de miljöutmaningar samhället står inför.
|
|
| 14. |
- Boström, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
The Use of Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Analysis of Oxycodone, Oxymorphone and Noroxycodone in Ringer Solution, Rat Plasma and Rat Brain Tissue
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. - : Wiley. - 0951-4198 .- 1097-0231. ; 18:21, s. 2565-2576
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensitive and reproducible methods for the determination of oxycodone, oxymorphone and noroxycodone in Ringer solution, rat plasma and rat brain tissue by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry are described. Deuterated analogs of the substances were used as internal standards. Samples in Ringer solution were analyzed by direct injection of 10 microL Ringer solution diluted by an equal volume of water. The limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL and the method was linear in the range of 0.5-150 ng/mL for all substances. To analyze oxycodone and oxymorphone in rat plasma, 50 microL of plasma were precipitated with acetonitrile, and the supernatant was directly injected onto the column. To analyze oxycodone, oxymorphone and noroxycodone in rat plasma, 100 microL of rat plasma were subjected to a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure, before reconstituting in mobile phase and injection onto the column. For both methods the limit of quantification in rat plasma was 0.5 ng/mL and the methods were linear in the range of 0.5-250 ng/mL for all substances. To analyze the content of oxycodone, oxymorphone and noroxycodone in rat brain tissue, 100 microL of the brain homogenate supernatant were subjected to a C18 SPE procedure. The limit of quantification of oxycodone was 20 ng/g brain, and for oxymorphone and noroxycodone 4 ng/g brain, and the method was linear in the range of 20-1000 ng/g brain for oxycodone and 4-1000 ng/g brain for oxymorphone and noroxycodone. All methods utilized a mobile phase of 5 mM ammonium acetate in 45% acetonitrile, and a SB-CN column was used for separation. The total run time of all methods was 9 min. The intra-day precision and accuracy were <11.3% and <+/-14.9%, respectively, and the inter-day precision and accuracy were <14.9% and <+/-6.5%, respectively, for all the concentrations and matrices described.
|
|
| 15. |
- Choque Olsson, Nora, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment satisfaction with cognitive-behavioral therapy among children and adolescents with anxiety and depression : A systematic review and meta-synthesis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-9791. ; 31:2, s. 147-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent reviews estimated that the worldwide prevalence of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents is increasing, which has led to rising demands for treatment. Studies on clinical outcomes have shown positive effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in children and adolescents with anxiety and depression. However, there is a limited body of studies on the perspectives and experiences of the treatment participants. The objective of this review was to investigate treatment satisfaction with CBT among children and adolescents with anxiety and depression. We focused on the reporting quality of the treatment satisfaction and experiences of participants in the selected studies. From 1379 identified studies, 35 were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of a meta-synthesis and proportional meta-analysis suggest moderate to high treatment satisfaction with CBT in depressed and anxious children and adolescents. The included studies showed moderate to good reporting quality on treatment satisfaction. The measurements used varied, indicating a risk of different evaluations under the concept of “treatment satisfaction”. The common topics measured for treatment satisfaction were acceptability, treatment usefulness, alliance, barriers, recommendation, and others, leading to uncertainty concerning generalization. A wide variety of measures were used, indicating the need for standardized measures for treatment satisfaction in future research.
|
|
| 16. |
- Dayeh, Tasnim, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA methylation of loci within ABCG1 and PHOSPHO1 in blood DNA is associated with future type 2 diabetes risk
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Epigenetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1559-2294 .- 1559-2308. ; 11:7, s. 482-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of subjects with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is fundamental for prevention of the disease. Consequently, it is essential to search for new biomarkers that can improve the prediction of T2D. The aim of this study was to examine whether 5 DNA methylation loci in blood DNA (ABCG1, PHOSPHO1, SOCS3, SREBF1, and TXNIP), recently reported to be associated with T2D, might predict future T2D in subjects from the Botnia prospective study. We also tested if these CpG sites exhibit altered DNA methylation in human pancreatic islets, liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle from diabetic vs. non-diabetic subjects. DNA methylation at the ABCG1 locus cg06500161 in blood DNA was associated with an increased risk for future T2D (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02–1.16, P-value = 0.007, Q-value = 0.018), while DNA methylation at the PHOSPHO1 locus cg02650017 in blood DNA was associated with a decreased risk for future T2D (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.95, P-value = 0.006, Q-value = 0.018) after adjustment for age, gender, fasting glucose, and family relation. Furthermore, the level of DNA methylation at the ABCG1 locus cg06500161 in blood DNA correlated positively with BMI, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and triglyceride levels, and was increased in adipose tissue and blood from the diabetic twin among monozygotic twin pairs discordant for T2D. DNA methylation at the PHOSPHO1 locus cg02650017 in blood correlated positively with HDL levels, and was decreased in skeletal muscle from diabetic vs. non-diabetic monozygotic twins. DNA methylation of cg18181703 (SOCS3), cg11024682 (SREBF1), and cg19693031 (TXNIP) was not associated with future T2D risk in subjects from the Botnia prospective study.
|
|
| 17. |
- Dekker Nitert, Marloes, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of an Exercise Intervention on DNA Methylation in Skeletal Muscle From First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify epigenetic patterns, which may predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to a family history (FH) of the disease, we analyzed DNA methylation genome-wide in skeletal muscle from individuals with (FH(+)) or without (FH(-)) an FH of T2D. We found differential DNA methylation of genes in biological pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), insulin, and calcium signaling (P ≤ 0.007) and of individual genes with known function in muscle, including MAPK1, MYO18B, HOXC6, and the AMP-activated protein kinase subunit PRKAB1 in skeletal muscle of FH(+) compared with FH(-) men. We further validated our findings from FH(+) men in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for T2D, and 40% of 65 analyzed genes exhibited differential DNA methylation in muscle of both FH(+) men and diabetic twins. We further examined if a 6-month exercise intervention modifies the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in skeletal muscle of the FH(+) and FH(-) individuals. DNA methylation of genes in retinol metabolism and calcium signaling pathways (P < 3 × 10(-6)) and with known functions in muscle and T2D including MEF2A, RUNX1, NDUFC2, and THADA decreased after exercise. Methylation of these human promoter regions suppressed reporter gene expression in vitro. In addition, both expression and methylation of several genes, i.e., ADIPOR1, BDKRB2, and TRIB1, changed after exercise. These findings provide new insights into how genetic background and environment can alter the human epigenome.
|
|
| 18. |
- Drake, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of circulating galectin-1 in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: evidence from cross-sectional, longitudinal and Mendelian randomisation analyses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 65, s. 128-139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Galectin-1 modulates inflammation and angiogenesis, and cross-sectional studies indicate that galectin-1 may be a uniting factor between obesity, type 2 diabetes and kidney function. We examined whether circulating galectin-1 can predict incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged population, and if Mendelian randomisation (MR) can provide evidence for causal direction of effects. Methods Participants (n = 4022; 58.6% women) in the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort enrolled between 1991 and 1994 (mean age 57.6 years) were examined. eGFR was calculated at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 16.6 +/- 1.5 years. Diabetes status was ascertained through registry linkage (mean follow-up of 18.4 +/- 6.1 years). The associations of baseline galectin-1 with incident CKD and type 2 diabetes were assessed with Cox regression, adjusting for established risk factors. In addition, a genome-wide association study on galectin-1 was performed to identify genetic instruments for two-sample MR analyses utilising the genetic associations obtained from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics (CKDGen) Consortium (41,395 cases and 439,303 controls) and the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls). One genome-wide significant locus in the galectin-1 gene region was identified (sentinel SNP rs7285699; p = 2.4 x 10(-11)). The association between galectin-1 and eGFR was also examined in individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes from the All New Diabetics In Scania (ANDIS) cohort. Results Galectin-1 was strongly associated with lower eGFR at baseline (p = 2.3 x 10(-89)) but not with incident CKD. However, galectin-1 was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (per SD increase, HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02, 1.24). Two-sample MR analyses could not ascertain a causal effect of galectin-1 on CKD (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.82, 1.02) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98, 1.14) in a general population. However, in individuals with type 2 diabetes from ANDIS who belonged to the severe insulin-resistant diabetes subgroup and were at high risk of diabetic nephropathy, genetically elevated galectin-1 was significantly associated with higher eGFR (p = 5.7 x 10(-3)). Conclusions/interpretation Galectin-1 is strongly associated with lower kidney function in cross-sectional analyses, and two-sample MR analyses suggest a causal protective effect on kidney function among individuals with type 2 diabetes at high risk of diabetic nephropathy. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms by which galectin-1 affects kidney function and whether it could be a useful target among individuals with type 2 diabetes for renal improvement.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Eriksson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Barn som upplever våld
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SKR:s kvinnofridssatsning har tagit fram en skrift om hur socialtjänsten kan stödja barn som upplever våld, och bedöma omsorgsförmåga hos våldsutövande och våldsutsatta föräldrar. Skriften innehåller: -en översikt om forskningen på området -en praktisk del om vad socialtjänsten kan göra – från att upptäcka våld till att ge insatser efter behov -exempel från kommuner
|
|
| 21. |
- Eriksson, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Barn som upplever våld : Att stödja barn och bedöma föräldrars omsorgsförmåga
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att uppleva våld mot en omsorgsperson kan likställas med psykisk misshandel. När den ena föräldern utsätter den andra för våld vet de flesta barn vad som pågår, och många har både hört och sett våldet och dess konsekvenser. Oftast handlar det om pappas våld mot mamma. Socialtjänsten har en viktig roll att upptäcka och stödja barn som upplever våld, och att bedöma omsorgsförmåga hos våldsutsatta och våldsutövande föräldrar. Den här skriften vänder sig till socialtjänstens handläggare och behandlare som möter barn och föräldrar i det dagliga arbetet. Den vänder sig också till chefer och beslutsfattare som ansvarar för att skapa förutsättningar för ett kunskapsbaserat arbete i socialtjänsten. Skriften innehåller en kunskapsöversikt och en praktisk del om vad socialtjänsten kan göra – från att upptäcka våldet, till att erbjuda insatser efter behov.
|
|
| 22. |
- Eriksson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
The Positron Emission Tomography ligand [11C]5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan can be used as a surrogate marker for the human endocrine pancreas
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 63:10, s. 3428-3437
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In humans a well-developed serotonin system is localized to the pancreatic islets while being absent in exocrine pancreas. Assessment of pancreatic serotonin biosynthesis could therefore be used to estimate the human endocrine pancreas. Proof of concept was tested in a prospective clinical trial by comparisons of type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, with extensive reduction of beta cells, with healthy volunteers (HV).C-peptide negative (i.e. insulin-deficient) T1D subjects (n=10) and HV (n=9) underwent dynamic Positron Emission Tomography with the radiolabeled serotonin precursor [(11)C]5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan ([(11)C]5-HTP).A significant accumulation of [(11)C]5-HTP was obtained in the pancreas of the HV, with large inter-individual variation. A substantial and highly significant reduction (66%) in the pancreatic uptake of [(11)C]5-HTP in T1D subjects was observed, and this was most evident in the corpus and caudal regions of the pancreas where beta-cells normally are the major constituent of the islets.[(11)C]5-HTP retention in the pancreas was reduced in T1D compared to non-diabetic subjects. Accumulation of [(11)C]5-HTP in the pancreas of both HV and subjects with T1D were in agreement with previously reported morphological observations on the beta cell volume implying that [(11)C]5-HTP retention is a useful non-invasive surrogate marker for the human endocrine pancreas.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Havsed, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
-
Salivary proteins and metabolites as Caries Biomarkers in adolescents
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The identification of salivary molecules that can be associated to dental caries could provide insights about caries risk and offer valuable information to develop caries prediction models. However, the search for a universal caries biomarker has proven elusive due to the multifactorial nature of this oral disease. We have therefore performed a systematic effort to identify caries-associated metabolites and proteins in saliva samples from adolescents that had a caries experience and those that were caries-free.METHODS: Quantification of approximately 100 molecules was performed by the use of a wide range of techniques, ranging from NMR metabolomics to ELISA, Luminex or colorimetric assays, as well as clinical features like plaque accumulation and gingival index. In addition, simplified dietary and oral hygiene habits questionnaires were also obtained.RESULTS: The caries-free group had significantly lower consumption of sweetened beverages and higher toothbrushing frequency. Surprisingly, very few compounds were found to individually provide discriminatory power between Caries-experienced and Caries-Free individuals. The data analysis revealed several potential reasons that could underly this lack of association value with caries, including differences in metabolite concentrations throughout the day, a lack of correlation between metabolite concentrations in plaque and saliva, or sex-related differences, among others. However, when multiple compounds were combined by multivariate analysis and random forest modelling, a combination of 3-5 compounds were found to provide good prediction models for morning (with an AUC accuracy of 0.87) and especially afternoon samples (AUC=0.93).CONCLUSION: While few salivary biomarker could differentiate between caries-free and caries-experienced adolescents, a combination of markers proved effective, particularcly in afternoon samples. To predict caries risk, these biomarkers should be validated in larger cohorts and longitudinal settings, considering factors such as gender differences, and variations in oral hygiene and diet.
|
|
| 25. |
- Heyndrickx, Leo, et al.
(författare)
-
Selected HIV-1 Env Trimeric Formulations Act as Potent Immunogens in a Rabbit Vaccination Model
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ten to 30% of HIV-1 infected subjects develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) during chronic infection. We hypothesized that immunizing rabbits with viral envelope glycoproteins (Envs) from these patients may induce bNAbs, when formulated as a trimeric protein and in the presence of an adjuvant. Methods: Based on in vitro neutralizing activity in serum, patients with bNAbs were selected for cloning of their HIV-1 Env. Seven stable soluble trimeric gp140 proteins were generated from sequences derived from four adults and two children infected with either clade A or B HIV-1. From one of the clade A Envs both the monomeric and trimeric Env were produced for comparison. Rabbits were immunized with soluble gp120 or trimeric gp140 proteins in combination with the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium/trehalose dibehenate (CAF01). Env binding in rabbit immune serum was determined using ELISAs based on gp120-IIIB protein. Neutralizing activity of IgG purified from rabbit immune sera was measured with the pseudovirus-TZMbl assay and a PBMC-based neutralization assay for selected experiments. Results: It was initially established that gp140 trimers induce better antibody responses over gp120 monomers and that the adjuvant CAF01 was necessary for such strong responses. Gp140 trimers, based on HIV-1 variants from patients with bNAbs, were able to elicit both gp120(IIIB) specific IgG and NAbs to Tier 1 viruses of different subtypes. Potency of NAbs closely correlated with titers, and an gp120-binding IgG titer above a threshold of 100,000 was predictive of neutralization capability. Finally, peptide inhibition experiments showed that a large fraction of the neutralizing IgG was directed against the gp120 V3 region. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the strategy of reverse immunology based on selected Env sequences is promising when immunogens are delivered as stabilized trimers in CAF01 adjuvant and that the rabbit is a valuable model for HIV vaccine studies.
|
|
| 26. |
- Imhagen, Annika, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Levels of Physical Activity, Enjoyment, Self-Efficacy for Exercise, and Social Support Before and After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery : a Longitudinal Prospective Observational Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 33:12, s. 3899-3906
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) can influence weight loss, health status, and quality of life. Known mediators to participate in PA are enjoyment, self-efficacy, and social support. Little is known about PA behavior in MBS individuals. The aim of this study was to explore levels of PA and the PA mediators enjoyment, self-efficacy, and social support before and after MBS and to investigate changes over time.METHODS: Adults scheduled to undergo MBS were recruited from a Swedish university hospital. Accelerometer-measured and self-reported PA, body weight, and PA mediators were collected at baseline and at 12 to 18 months post-surgery.RESULTS: Among 90 individuals included, 50 completed the follow-up assessment and had valid accelerometer data. Sedentary time (minutes/day) was unchanged, but sedentary time as percentage of wear time decreased significantly from 67.2% to 64.5% (p<0.05). Time spent in light PA and total PA increased significantly from 259.3 to 288.7 min/day (p < 0.05) and from 270.5 to 303.5 min/day (p < 0.01), respectively. Step counts increased significantly from 6013 to 7460 steps/day (p < 0.01). There was a significant increase in self-reported PA, enjoyment, self-efficacy for exercise, and positive social support from family. The increase in PA mediators did not lead to a significant change in time spent in moderate to vigorous PA.CONCLUSION: The increase in PA-mediators was not associated with an increase in moderate to vigorous PA, but the strengthened PA mediators suggest potential for an increase in moderate to vigorous PA in patients undergoing MBS.
|
|
| 27. |
- Jansson, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
-
Structure of the methyltransferase domain from the Modoc virus, a flavivirus with no known vector
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D. - 0907-4449 .- 1399-0047. ; 65, s. 796-803
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Modoc virus (MODV) is a flavivirus with no known vector (NKV). Evolutionary studies have shown that the viruses in the MODV group have evolved in association with mammals (bats, rodents) without transmission by an arthropod vector. MODV methyltransferase is the first enzyme from this evolutionary branch to be structurally characterized. The high-resolution structure of the methyltransferase domain of the MODV NS5 protein (MTase(MODV)) was determined. The protein structure was solved in the apo form and in complex with its cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). Although it belongs to a separate evolutionary branch, MTase(MODV) shares structural characteristics with flaviviral MTases from the other branches. Its capping machinery is a relatively new target in flaviviral drug development and the observed structural conservation between the three flaviviral branches indicates that it may be possible to identify a drug that targets a range of flaviviruses. The structural conservation also supports the choice of MODV as a possible model for flavivirus studies.
|
|
| 28. |
- Jansson, Elisabet, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Convergence of Core Losses in a Permanent Magnet Machine, as Function of Mesh Density Distribution, a Case-Study Using Finite-Element Analysis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. - 1558-0059 .- 0885-8969. ; 35:3, s. 1667-1675
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To limit numerical inaccuracies in electromagnetic finite element analysis, the mesh resolution needs to be set with care. Within electric vehicle propulsion, core losses are highly important while excessive simulation times should be avoided, due to the wide operating range. This paper investigates the procedure of achieving core loss convergence, in all parts of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, by varying mesh density. The finite element analysis is done in Ansys Maxwell and the core loss error is quantified by an estimated fully converged result. Two approaches to mesh tuning are compared. It is found that interdependence, between the mesh density in one part and the core loss in another, should be considered. The required mesh resolution is found to differ among operating points. Finally, the flexibility offered by this convergence method is shown. Once the convergence behaviour has been identified, a mesh can be found for any desired compromise of error and simulation time. For the investigated case, the estimated error in total core loss is below 1.2% when an angular machine segment covering one pole, is modelled with 15 500 mesh elements. Reducing the number of mesh elements to 7 200 gives an error below 3.3%.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Jansson, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Saturation and Scaling on the Field Weakening Performance of an Interior PM Machine
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2020. - 9781728199450 ; , s. 1136-1142
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- If magnetic saturation is neglected, powerful visual tools exist for understanding field weakening in interior permanent magnet machines (IPMs). However, saturation can severely reduce field weakening performance. This is of concern in electric vehicle propulsion, where compact machines operate short-term at high power over a wide speed range. This paper shows how finite element results, including saturation, can be interpreted in established visual tools. This aids deeper understanding of field weakening in IPMs with significant saturation. Further, scaling laws for finite element results are shown to preserve field weakening performance. This allows analysis of machine peak performance over a range of maximum currents, with varying saturation severity, while scaling ensures precise fulfilment of torque and power requirements. Ultimately, this combination of current variation and scaling can be used to identify the trade-off between inverter rating and machine volume, with finite element analysis accuracy, for any specific application and IPM geometry.
|
|
| 31. |
- Jansson, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of Flux Barrier Shape and Mechanical Constraints on Field-Weakening Performance in Double-Layer Interior Permanent Magnet Machines
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. - 1558-0059 .- 0885-8969. ; In Press
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the influence of flux barrier shape on the field-weakening performance of interior permanent magnet rotors with two layers of magnets. The field-weakening performance of four topologies, with different flux barrier shape, has been maximized using combined electromagnetic and mechanical optimization of the rotor geometry. The impact of the mechanical stress constraint on the optimization result is quantified. The rotor topologies differ in both their optimal balance between saliency and normalized magnet flux linkage, and in how severely they are affected by mechanical constraints. Including stress constraints strongly increased the differences between the rotor topologies and it was shown that careful handling of the mechanical constraints was of similar importance for the field-weakening performance as the shape of the flux barrier. Among the included topologies, the double V-shape design was found to have the highest power capability across the speed range and lowest sensitivity to mechanical constraints.
|
|
| 32. |
- Jansson, Emma, 1990-
(författare)
-
Making in Context : Reconsidering Anders Zorn's Oil Painting Practice
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anders Zorn is one of the most well-known Swedish artists of the late nineteenth century. Born 1860 in the Dalecarlian town of Mora, the artist’s works were renowned and sought-after during his lifetime, both at home and abroad. Ranging in motif from bathing nudes, cosmopolitan urban life and rural genre scenes, towards society portraiture, Zorn’s oeuvre – which is further comprised of a variety of different media such as watercolour, oil painting, etching and sculpture – provides a rich material record that serves to demonstrate the intricacies of his artistic process. The aim of the present thesis is to examine the details of Zorn’s materials and techniques, with specific focus on his oil painting practice. What materials did the artist use to construct his paintings? Did they change over time, or where they consistent throughout his career? What was Zorn’s typical approach towards compositional planning and paint application? Also, how does the artist’s practice relate to the techniques of his contemporaries, such as the French Impressionists or the international cohort of artists known as the juste milieu?In order to answer these questions the study draws upon the empirical methods of technical art history, using analytical techniques such as multispectral photography, x-radiography, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and paint sample analysis as a means of identifying the various stages of Zorn’s artistic process. In addition to examining the artist’s finished oil paintings, a broad range of both physical and written sources are also consulted, including his remnant studio materials, colourmen’s purchase orders and product catalogues, as well as press clippings of contemporary critics’ reviews. The information provided through these analyses and sources are examined by way of the theoretical concept of materiality, drawing particularly upon the writing of social anthropologists Tim Ingold and Daniel Miller, as well as art historian Michael Yonan. Using this conceptual framework, the study centers on the making of Zorn’s oil paintings, focusing on aspects such as the artist’s training, material conditions, exhibition and market contexts, as well as contemporary aesthetic debates that help explain the details of his practice. The thesis is divided into two parts; the first part examines the details of Zorn’s oil painting practice, and the second focuses on contextualising his technique in relation to his contemporary context. The first part documents specific details such as the artist’s particular choice of supports, grounds and colours. In addition, it discusses his preparatory process, which typically involved the use of pencil drawings and value studies in oil. Finally, the details of Zorn’s paint application are explored, focusing on aspects such as the artist’s use of an ébauche underlayer, his successive build up using shadows and highlights, as well as the particular qualities of his surface facture. Building upon this characterisation of his oil painting practice, part two then goes on to compare Zorn’s paintings with those of other late nineteenth-century painters, starting with a technical juxtaposition with the French Impressionists, followed by an overview of a select number of juste milieu painters, notably Édouard Manet, John Singer Sargent, Giovanni Boldini and Joaquín Sorolla. The remaining sections of part two are devoted to the broader nineteenth-century context, with specific reference to the aesthetic debates surrounding Charles Baudelaire’s concept of modernité (Fr. modernity), as well as Zorn’s particular exhibition and market setting.
|
|
| 33. |
- Jansson, Elisabet, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Time Resolution Dependency of Core Loss Accuracy in Finite Element Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2020. ; , s. 1011-1017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Higher time resolution in finite element analysis increases numerical accuracy, but also computational load. This paper investigates the influence of time resolution on core loss convergence, for different parts of a permanent magnet synchronous machine intended for electric vehicle propulsion. Time resolution is varied, in each of two simulated electrical periods. The core losses in the rotor parts show a slower convergence while the stator parts are more sensitive to time resolution in the first period. Finally, the trade-off between core loss accuracy and computational time is assessed. A core loss error of 1% could be reached using either 180 time steps in each electric period or, in 70% of the computational time, using 60 and 180 steps in the first and second period respectively. For the investigated case, placing 75% of the time steps in the second period gives the best compromise between computational time and core loss accuracy.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Jansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Advancement of Platform Development in Industrialised Building
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia Economics and Finance. - : Elsevier. - 2212-5671. ; 21, s. 461-468
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demand for productivity in house-building is today causing changes of work methods in the building industry, for example bythe utilization of house-building platforms. This requires development processes separated from those of individual house products. The aim of this study is to examine how platform development processes in the building industry are carried out and how product development theories fit to the studied context. A qualitative case studyanalysis shows how a house-building platform can be developed in a sequential manner with product development theories that could capture values fromthe construction company, property owner and from end user.
|
|
| 36. |
- Jansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Artistic and Engineering Design of Platform-Based Production Systems : A Study of Swedish Architectural Practice
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on platform-based production systems for house-building has focused on production and manufacturing issues. The aim of this research is to explore how the architectural design process contributes to the industrialised house-building industry from the perspective of creative design work. It also aims to describe how constraints affect architectural design work in the engineer-to-order context, when using platform-based production systems. Architects with experience in using platform-based building systems with different degrees of constraints were interviewed regarding creative aspects of the design work. The interviews, together with documents relating to platform constraints, were then analysed from the perspective of artistic and engineering design theories. The results show the benefits and issues of using platform constraints, both with prefabrication of volumetric modules, as well as prefabricated slab and wall elements. The study highlights a major research gap by describing how architectural work, from both the creative artistic and engineering design perspectives, is affected by constraints in the building platform: (1) the architectural design work goes through a series of divergent and convergent processes where the divergent processes are explorative and the convergent processes are solution-oriented; and (2), there is a trade-off between creativity and efficiency in the design work. Open parameters for layout design are key to architectural creativity, while predefinition supports efficiency. The results also provide an understanding of the potential for creativity in artistic and engineering work tasks through different phases in design, and how they are related to constraints in the platform. The main limitation of the research is the number of interviewed architects who had different background experiences of working with different types of platform constraints. More studies are needed to confirm the observations and to understand how creativity and efficiency interact with divergent and convergent design processes.
|
|
| 37. |
- Jansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Design management using knowledge innovation and visual planning.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Automation in Construction. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-5805 .- 1872-7891. ; 72:3, s. 330-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An open platform used for industrialised house-building imposes restrictions on the flexibility of the product offering when developing design standardisation. How design process standardisation incorporates variations in products has not been widely studied. The aim of this research is to explain how design breakdown enables Lean Product Development Flow (LPDF) and look-ahead planning in an industrialised house-building context where an open platform is used. A case study was conducted of how one of the leading industrialised house-building companies in Sweden introduced the LPDF tool Knowledge Innovation/Visual Planning (KI-VP) into their design process. The implementation of KI-VP led to an increased cross-functional understanding of relationships between activities, which are an important factor in achieving flexibility and a synchronised workflow. By using design standardisation, look-ahead planning was implemented and used in the management of design flow. Standardisation through design breakdown provides a basis for knowledge innovation that enables improvement of the open platform using a bottom-up approach and increases the production flow.
|
|
| 38. |
- Jansson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
A Swedish Academic Word List : Methods and Data
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th EURALEX International Congress. - Oslo : University of Oslo. - 9788230322284 ; , s. 555-560
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academic language often presents a challenge to students, both language learners and native speakers. Therefore there is a need for educational language tools such as academic vocabulary resources. To date, resources developed have mainly focussed on learners of English; similar support is not yet available for Swedish. This paper reports on three different approaches to compiling a corpus of authentic academic text material used in academic settings. The purpose is to compose an empirical basis for the construction of a Swedish academic word list which can be used in language teaching. Because we have chosen to follow the method used for the creation of The Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000), the corpus content is crucial to the final content of our word list.
|
|
| 39. |
- Jansson, Håkan, 1957, et al.
(författare)
-
A Swedish Academic Word List: Methods and Data
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th EURALEX International Congress 7-11 August, 2012, Oslo. - 9788230322284 ; , s. 955-960
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 40. |
- Jansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual shedder status and the origin of touch DNA
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International: Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-4973 .- 1878-0326. ; 56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to improved laboratory techniques, touched surfaces and items are increasingly employed as sources of forensic DNA evidence. This has urged a need to better understand the mechanisms of DNA transfer between individuals. Shedder status (i.e. the propensity to leave DNA behind) has been identified as one major factor regulating DNA transfer. It is known that some individuals tend to shed more DNA than others, but the mechanisms behind shedder status are largely unknown. By comparing the amounts of DNA deposited from active hands (i.e. used “as usual”) and inactive hands (i.e. not allowed to touch anything), we show that some of the self-DNA deposited from hands is likely to have accumulated on hands from other parts of the body or previously handled items (active hands: 2.1 ± 2.7 ng, inactive hands: 0.83 ± 1.1 ng, paired t-test: p = 0.014, n = 27 pairs of hands). Further investigation showed that individual levels of deposited DNA are highly associated with the level of DNA accumulation on the skin of the face (Pearson's correlation: r = 0.90, p < 0.00001 and Spearman's ranked correlation: rs = 0.56, p = 0.0016, n = 29). We hypothesized that individual differences in sebum secretion levels could influence the amount of DNA accumulation in facial areas, but no such correlation was seen (Pearson's correlation: r = − 0.13, p = 0.66, n = 14). Neither was there any correlation between DNA levels on hands or forehead and the time since hand or face wash. We propose that the amount of self-DNA deposited from hands is highly influenced by the individual levels of accumulated facial DNA, and that cells/DNA is often transferred to hands by touching or rubbing one's face.
|
|
| 41. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(författare)
-
Barnvänlig bebyggd miljö – vad krävs? En forskningsöversikt
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad är en barnvänlig bebyggd miljö, hur skapas den och av vem?Barnvänlighet handlar om att skapa förutsättningar för barns meningsfulla och hälsosamma tillvaro och utveckling, att bevara och utveckla strukturer och platser och skapa inkludering. Samtidigt främjar barnvänlighet i den bebyggda miljön en hållbar och demokratisk utveckling ur flera perspektiv och är en förutsättning för att uppnå olika nationella och internationella hållbarhetsmål samt FNs barnkonvention. Denna forskningsöversikt baseras på en genomgång av forskningsresultat från 88 vetenskapliga publikationer om ”child-friendly environments” – här översatt till ”barnvänlig bebyggd miljö”.Den fysiska och sociala miljöns egenskaper är helt avgörande för att åstadkomma barnvänlighet. Den socio-fysiska miljö som behöver eftersträvas beskrivs av tio kvaliteter, som ofta är sammanflätade med varandra. Kvaliteterna är här ordnade efter hur vanligt förekommande de är i den studerade litteraturen, där en grund för barnvänlig bebyggd miljö är en variation av platser som barn har god tillgänglighet till. Alla tio kvaliteter bör dock ses som olika aspekter av en helhet:Platser – en stor variation av både gröna miljöer och andra platser som barn enkelt kan nå, och som de kan använda sig av Tillgänglighet – närhet och välfungerande nätverk och strukturer för gång- och cykeltrafik som gör det möjligt för barn att självständigt nå olika platser En ren miljö – en miljö fri från skräp, föroreningar, buller och annat som kan störa och hindra användning Säkerhet och trygghet – reglering av trafik och andra oförutsägbara risker samt främjande av barns egen riskhantering och trygghet Frihet – barns rörelsefrihet, möjlighet att använda utemiljön och utmana sig själva Lek och fritid – en mångfald av möjligheter för lek och aktiviteter Deltagande – möjligheter för barn att vara aktörer som både formellt deltar och informellt kan påverka sin miljö Lärande – miljöer som stödjer utveckling och kompetensbyggande Platsanknytning – både fysisk miljö och människor i den som skapar en känsla av tillhörighet Inkludering – tillgång till olika platser, aktiviteter och anläggningar, oberoende av sociala faktorerÖversikten visar även att det behövs ett brett samarbete mellan olika aktörer och processer. Tillsammans kan de sätta fokus på både den byggda miljön som helhet och på dess sammanvävda fysiska och sociala kvaliteter. Detta kan inkludera planering, deltagande, reglering, utformning, förvaltning, forskning, samarbete, utbildning mm. I arbetet för en barnvänlig bebyggd miljö behövs dessutom både vuxnas barnperspektiv och barns egna perspektiv.
|
|
| 42. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(författare)
-
Child-Friendly Environments—What, How and by Whom?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The socio-physical qualities of built environments are, in several ways, of imperative importance for children growing up. The Child-Friendly Cities initiative by UNICEF, an implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, has made local governments strive toward child-friendliness. The participation of children and young people is often the focus of such projects, with a potential for a far broader scope. Besides participation processes, what important socio-physical qualities make environments child-friendly, and how can they be developed? This paper presents a structured literature review of the concept of child-friendly environments, in order to address the full socio-physical spectrum. The results focus on concrete factors that have been filtered through child-friendliness and the associated frameworks, showing an inherent dependence between the social context and the physical environment. The shaping of child-friendliness hinges on the realization of environments that are safe, fair, and with accessible and variable green and open spaces. A multi-stakeholder endeavor including, e.g., planners, designers, and managers requires clearly outlined priorities. This study lays the groundwork for further exploration of how the concept of child-friendly environments can lead to positive changes, also as part of the overall strive toward sustainable development.
|
|
| 43. |
- Jansson, Malin, 1978-
(författare)
-
The role of stroma-derived substances in breast cancer progression and their function as tumour markers
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In 2020, more than 2,260,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Most patients are cured with surgery and adjuvant treatment, but despite that, approximately 700,000 women die of the disease every year. The historical focus on breast cancer progression has been on the malignant epithelial cell. However, cancer cells do not grow in isolation. In recent years, the importance of the tumour microenvironment in cancer progression has been highlighted. Perlecan and type IV collagen are basement membrane (BM) proteins in the normal mammary gland, and type I collagen is the main fibrillar collagen in the interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM). In cancer development, perlecan and type IV collagen have multifunctional roles and when degraded from the BM, bioactive substances and other fragments are released in the circulation. Significant ECM changes also occur that lead to an accumulation of fibrillar collagens. Given their abundance in the ECM; perlecan, type IV and type I collagen are of interest for breast cancer progression and may be of importance as new biomarkers to monitor disease, predict patient outcome and the treatment effect.Aim: In this thesis, the protein and mRNA expression of perlecan, type IV and I collagen in breast cancer tissue is studied. The aim is to characterize the expression pattern of these proteins in breast cancer tissue and to see whether there is a correlation to known prognostic biomarkers and to the patient prognosis. Moreover, to evaluate circulating perlecan and type IV collagen as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer patients.Methods: In this thesis project, eight different patient cohorts were used. In freshly frozen normal breast and breast cancer tissue, perlecan protein expression was visualized using immunofluorescence. Type IV and I collagen protein expression were studied with immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded primary breast cancer tissue, and type IV collagen in metastatic breast cancer tissue. For gene expression analysis, mRNA and clinicopathological data were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas and cBioportal database. Circulating plasma levels of perlecan were analysed in breast cancer patients and controls, circulating levels of CA15-3 and type IV collagen in patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer as well as controls. Perlecan and type IV collagen were measured with ELISA assays, and CA15-3 were using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Results: In breast cancer tissue, perlecan and type IV collagen protein expression in the epithelial BM was fragmented or completely lost, and perlecan and type IV collagen was expressed to varying extent in the tumour stroma. The mRNA analysis confirmed that type IV collagen mRNA was expressed in primary breast cancer tissue and highly expressed in metastatic tissue. Type I collagen was mostly highly expressed in the tumour stroma. Low type I collagen protein and mRNA expression correlated with biomarkers for aggressive breast cancer, but no effect on survival could be seen. Among patients receiving chemotherapy, low stromal type I collagen protein expression was associated with better survival compared to high expression, even after adjusting for other relevant factors. There was no correlation of perlecan or type IV collagen protein expression to clinically used prognostic biomarkers, but an oestrogen receptor dependent correlation between mRNA expression of perlecan and several matrix-degrading enzymes were found. Survival analysis showed that high stromal type IV collagen protein and mRNA expression in the primary tumour was significantly associated with a poorer survival, and high protein expression with a risk of developing distant metastasis. Metastatic breast cancer patients had higher levels of circulating type IV collagen compared to healthy controls and patients with primary breast cancer. High circulating type IV collagen levels correlated with poorer survival in metastatic breast cancer patients, and was superior to CA15-3 at detecting metastatic breast cancer.Conclusions: The protein expression pattern of perlecan, type IV collagen and type I collagen become abnormal during breast cancer development. Stromal type IV collagen protein and mRNA in the primary tumour correlates to poorer prognosis, most likely due to a higher risk of developing metastatic disease. Circulating type IV collagen can function as a biomarker for detecting metastatic disease in patients with primary breast cancer and is prognostic in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Low stromal type I collagen is a marker for an aggressive breast cancer disease and can predict chemotherapy response.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Kvedaraite, Egle, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal stroma guides monocyte differentiation to macrophages through GM-CSF
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stromal cells support epithelial cell and immune cell homeostasis and play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Here, we quantify the stromal response to inflammation in pediatric IBD and reveal subset-specific inflammatory responses across colon segments and intestinal layers. Using data from a murine dynamic gut injury model and human ex vivo transcriptomic, protein and spatial analyses, we report that PDGFRA+CD142−/low fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages co-localize in the intestine. In primary human fibroblast-monocyte co-cultures, intestinal PDGFRA+CD142−/low fibroblasts foster monocyte transition to CCR2+CD206+ macrophages through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Monocyte-derived CCR2+CD206+ cells from co-cultures have a phenotype similar to intestinal CCR2+CD206+ macrophages from newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients, with high levels of PD-L1 and low levels of GM-CSF receptor. The study describes subset-specific changes in stromal responses to inflammation and suggests that the intestinal stroma guides intestinal macrophage differentiation.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Li, Xiujuan, et al.
(författare)
-
VEGFR2 pY949 signalling regulates adherens junction integrity and metastatic spread
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The specific role of VEGFA-induced permeability and vascular leakage in physiology and pathology has remained unclear. Here we show that VEGFA-induced vascular leakage depends on signalling initiated via the VEGFR2 phosphosite Y949, regulating dynamic c-Src and VE-cadherin phosphorylation. Abolished Y949 signalling in the mouse mutant Vegfr2(Y949F/Y949F) leads to VEGFA-resistant endothelial adherens junctions and a block in molecular extravasation. Vessels in Vegfr2(Y949F/Y949F) mice remain sensitive to inflammatory cytokines, and vascular morphology, blood pressure and flow parameters are normal. Tumour-bearing Vegfr2(Y949F/Y949F) mice display reduced vascular leakage and oedema, improved response to chemotherapy and, importantly, reduced metastatic spread. The inflammatory infiltration in the tumour micro-environment is unaffected. Blocking VEGFA-induced disassembly of endothelial junctions, thereby suppressing tumour oedema and metastatic spread, may be preferable to full vascular suppression in the treatment of certain cancer forms.
|
|
| 48. |
- Lidelöw, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Design Breakdown in Industrialized Construction : Supporting Lean Manufacturing
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit & 1st International Conference on the Industrialization of Construction (ICIC). - Edmonton, Canada : University of Alberta Press. ; , s. 255-262
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A turn-key commitment towards the client compels the contractor to optimize the entire supply chain from design to delivery of the finished building. Industrialization of residential construction can be accomplished using either an open or a closed platform. In the case of an open platform, the client can greatly affect design solutions and the subsequent production phase. The aim of this research is to explain how design process breakdown into activities and deli-veries supports Lean manufacturing in an open platform situation. The most successful industria-lized contractor in Sweden was studied through mapping their design process of modular buildings using their visual planning display. Describing the improvement strategy, the visual content, and the standardization efforts in design revealed the support for Lean manufacturing. Analyzing each activity for repetitive elements identified the base for standardization. The conclusion is that design breakdown is a successful method that effectively supports Lean manufacturing and provides a base for standardization in an open platform context.
|
|
| 49. |
- Lindqvist, Madelene, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Local cytokine and inflammatory responses to candidate vaginal adjuvants in mice.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2518 .- 0264-410X. ; 28:1, s. 270-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study was undertaken to explore the correlation of adjuvanticity and local inflammatory response elicited in the murine vagina and the draining lymph nodes following local administration of two candidate vaginal adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG ODN, and a non-TLR targeting molecule alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Using real-time PCR array analysis, we could show that a group of 13 common cytokine genes are activated in the vagina within 24h after vaginal administration of these adjuvants, including Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12, Ccl19, Ccl20, Ccl22, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il10 and the Th1-inducing molecules Ifng, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Cxcl11. A high degree of inflammation in and damage to the epithelium was exclusively observed in the vagina of the CpG ODN treated mice, which was reversed within 48h. These results indicate that there is a group of common genes that correlate with the adjuvanticity of CpG ODN and alpha-GalCer in the vagina, and that alpha-GalCer induces less of local inflammatory reactions in the murine vagina compared to CpG ODN.
|
|
| 50. |
- Lundmark, Sonja, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Heat transfer coefficients in a coupled 3-D model of a liquid-cooled IPM traction motor compared with measurements
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 14th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies, EVER 2019. - 9781728137032
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modelling of electrical machines is constantly refined and it is now possible to couple numerical thermal models and electromagnetic models, thereby considering the thermal effects on motor materials. In this paper it is shown how a 3-D model of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor, including losses in the end windings and the effect of air and liquid cooling can be made where simulation results are compared with measurements. Further, it is shown how the coolant inlet temperature and volumetric flow rate affects the heat transfer coefficient of the cooling duct for some load points within the torquespeed range of the motor.
|
|
