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- Davies, Neil, et al.
(författare)
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The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network
- 2014
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - 2047-217X. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The co-authors of this paper hereby state their intention to work together to launch the Genomic Observatories Network (GOs Network) for which this document will serve as its Founding Charter. We define a Genomic Observatory as an ecosystem and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms.An international group of 64 scientists first published the call for a global network of Genomic Observatories in January 2012. The vision for such a network was expanded in a subsequent paper and developed over a series of meetings in Bremen (Germany), Shenzhen (China), Moorea (French Polynesia), Oxford (UK), Pacific Grove (California, USA), Washington (DC, USA), and London (UK). While this community-building process continues, here we express our mutual intent to establish the GOs Network formally, and to describe our shared vision for its future. The views expressed here are ours alone as individual scientists, and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions with which we are affiliated.
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- Helou, K, et al.
(författare)
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Amplification and overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/MET) in rat DMBA sarcomas
- 1999
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 18:21, s. 3226-3234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study subcutaneous fibrosarcomas were induced by the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in rats from F1 generation cross breedings of two different inbred strains. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis, which allows detection of DNA sequence copy changes, was applied to one of the tumors and it was found that there were increased copy numbers of sequences at chromosome 4q12-q21 in this tumor. We have previously determined that the loci for the hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Hgfr/Met), a protooncogene, are situated in this particular chromosome region. Using probes for the two genes in FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and in Southern blots we found that the Hgfr/Met gene was amplified in five of the 19 sarcomas studied, and that the Hgf gene was coamplified in two of them. Northern and Western blots and tyrosine phosphorylation analysis showed that the HGF receptor was overexpressed and functional in all five tumors, as well as in two additional tumors. In summary, both amplification and overexpression of the Hgfr/Met gene was found in about 25% of DMBA-induced experimental rat sarcomas, and HGF receptor overexpression alone was seen in two additional tumors. Possibly this reflects an involvement in paracrine or autocrine stimulation of growth and invasiveness by HGF. Our finding could provide a rodent model system to increased knowledge about causality and therapy, which may be applicable to the sizeable fraction of human musculoskeletal tumors displaying MET overexpression.
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- Högberg, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of transition metal carbides and superlattices using C-60 as carbon source
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. - 0013-4651. ; 147:9, s. 3361-3369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of TiC, VC, and NbC have been deposited on MgO(001) by coevaporation of the metals and C-60 It was found that these metals induced a decomposition of the C-60 molecule and that carbide films can be formed at a temperature as low as 100 degrees
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- Karlsson, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and phase transformations in gas atomized AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy powders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the crystal structure and phase stability of gas atomized equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi powder was investigated. This alloy is usually described as a high entropy alloy forming a solid solution phase stabilized by a high mixing entropy. However, thermodynamic calculations show that the high entropy phase is stable only at very high temperatures close to the melting point and that a mixture of several phases are the most stable state at lower temperatures. This suggest that kinetic effects may influence the phase composition of atomized powder. The unique features of X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction as well as transmission electron microscopy were used to study the atomic structure of the atomized powder in detail. The results show that the powder crystallises in an ordered B2 (CsCl-type) structure with a preferred site occupation of Al and Fe on the (1/2 1/2 1/2) position and Co and Ni on the (0 0 0) position. During heat-treatment of the powder, the B2 phase decomposes into fcc and sigma phases and the final phase composition is highly dependent on the heating rate. The effect of heat-treatment on the atomized powder was also investigated and revealed a significant phase transformation with e.g. the formation of sigma phase preferably at the surface of the powder particles. The phase content was also dependent on the size fraction of the powder particles. Sintering of green bodies made with different heat cycles showed that the phase composition of the starting material had a significant impact on the final phase composition and microstructure of the sintered components. The results illustrate the importance of well-defined powder materials for powder consolidation, especially additive manufacturing (binder jetting) of high entropy alloys.
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- Kozyatnyk, Ivan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative environmental assessment of end-of-life carbonaceous water treatment adsorbents
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates and compares the environmental impacts arising from the disposal of different carbonaceous sorbents used for wastewater treatment. Three different adsorption materials were considered, i.e. activated carbon, biochar and hydrochar, and three end-of-life management approaches, i.e. incineration, regeneration and landfilling. The highest overall environmental impact was of Carcinogenic effects and Freshwater Ecotoxicity due to emissions of heavy metals during production of all types of sorbents. The use of materials with higher adsorption capacities and regeneration of carbonaceous materials were considered and shown to be an efficient way for reducing the overall environmental impacts of the different adsorbents. The compensation of fossil fuel incineration by using recovered heat led to negative impacts in all categories. Recirculation of HTC process water reduced the impact on Freshwater Ecotoxicity and Eutrophication.
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- McGinnis, S, et al.
(författare)
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Use of oxygen-stabilized C-60 films for selective chemical vapor deposition
- 1997
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Ingår i: APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. ; 70:5
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thin C-60 films exposed to ultraviolet/visible light in the presence of oxygen were used as a selective mask for tungsten chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates. An uptake of oxygen in the fullerene films as well as a significant increase in the
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- Norin, L, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of transition metal carbide superlattices using C-60 as a carbon source
- 1998
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. ; 73:19, s. 2754-2756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial films of TiC and VC can be deposited at low temperatures on Mg(001) substrates by coevaporation of the metals with C-60 in a ultrahigh vacuum system. This process was used to deposit TiC/VC (001) superlattices on MgO(001) at 400 degrees C. The
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- Thompson, Luke R., et al.
(författare)
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A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 551:7681, s. 457-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.
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- Winikka, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Particle formation during pressurized entrained flow gasification of wood powder : Effects of process conditions on chemical composition, nanostructure, and reactivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180 .- 1556-2921. ; 189, s. 1339-1351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of operating condition on particle formation during pressurized, oxygen blown gasification of wood powder with an ash content of 0.4 wt% was investigated. The investigation was performed with a pilot scale gasifier operated at 7 bar(a). Two loads, 400 and 600 kW were tested, with the oxygen equivalence ratio (λ) varied between 0.25 and 0.50. Particle concentration and mass size distribution was analyzed with a low pressure cascade impactor and the collected particles were characterized for morphology, elemental composition, nanostructure, and reactivity using scanning electron microscopy/high resolution transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In order to quantify the nanostructure of the particles and identify prevalent sub-structures, a novel image analysis framework was used. It was found that the process temperature, affected both by λ and the load of the gasifier, had a significant influence on the particle formation processes. At low temperature (1060 °C), the formed soot particles seemed to be resistant to the oxidation process; however, when the oxidation process started at 1119 °C, the internal burning of the more reactive particle core began. A further increase in temperature (> 1313 °C) lead to the oxidation of the less reactive particle shell. When the shell finally collapsed due to severe oxidation, the original soot particle shape and nanostructure also disappeared and the resulting particle could not be considered as a soot anymore. Instead, the particle shape and nanostructure at the highest temperatures (> 1430 °C) were a function of the inorganic content and of the inorganic elements the individual particle consisted of. All of these effects together lead to the soot particles in the real gasifier environment having less and less ordered nanostructure and higher and higher reactivity as the temperature increased; i.e., they followed the opposite trend of what is observed during laboratory-scale studies with fuels not containing any ash-forming elements and where the temperature was not controlled by λ.
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| 37. |
- Wormser, David, et al.
(författare)
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Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people : individual participant meta-analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 41:5, s. 1419-1433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe extent to which adult height, a biomarker of the interplay of genetic endowment and early-life experiences, is related to risk of chronic diseases in adulthood is uncertain.MethodsWe calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for height, assessed in increments of 6.5 cm, using individual-participant data on 174 374 deaths or major non-fatal vascular outcomes recorded among 1 085 949 people in 121 prospective studies.ResultsFor people born between 1900 and 1960, mean adult height increased 0.5-1 cm with each successive decade of birth. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking and year of birth, HRs per 6.5 cm greater height were 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.96-0.99) for death from any cause, 0.94 (0.93-0.96) for death from vascular causes, 1.04 (1.03-1.06) for death from cancer and 0.92 (0.90-0.94) for death from other causes. Height was negatively associated with death from coronary disease, stroke subtypes, heart failure, stomach and oral cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mental disorders, liver disease and external causes. In contrast, height was positively associated with death from ruptured aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism, melanoma and cancers of the pancreas, endocrine and nervous systems, ovary, breast, prostate, colorectum, blood and lung. HRs per 6.5 cm greater height ranged from 1.26 (1.12-1.42) for risk of melanoma death to 0.84 (0.80-0.89) for risk of death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. HRs were not appreciably altered after further adjustment for adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, inflammation biomarkers, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption or socio-economic indicators.ConclusionAdult height has directionally opposing relationships with risk of death from several different major causes of chronic diseases.
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