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Sökning: WFRF:(Jansson Magnus)

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1.
  • Abbasi, R., et al. (författare)
  • Search for 10-1000 GeV Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts with IceCube
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 964:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present the results of a search for 10-1000 GeV neutrinos from 2268 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) over 8 yr of IceCube-DeepCore data. This work probes burst physics below the photosphere where electromagnetic radiation cannot escape. Neutrinos of tens of giga electronvolts are predicted in sub-photospheric collision of free-streaming neutrons with bulk-jet protons. In a first analysis, we searched for the most significant neutrino-GRB coincidence using six overlapping time windows centered on the prompt phase of each GRB. In a second analysis, we conducted a search for a group of GRBs, each individually too weak to be detectable, but potentially significant when combined. No evidence of neutrino emission is found for either analysis. The most significant neutrino coincidence is for Fermi-GBM GRB bn 140807500, with a p-value of 0.097 corrected for all trials. The binomial test used to search for a group of GRBs had a p-value of 0.65 after all trial corrections. The binomial test found a group consisting only of GRB bn 140807500 and no additional GRBs. The neutrino limits of this work complement those obtained by IceCube at tera electronvolt to peta electronvolt energies. We compare our findings for the large set of GRBs as well as GRB 221009A to the sub-photospheric neutron-proton collision model and find that GRB 221009A provides the most constraining limit on baryon loading. For a jet Lorentz factor of 300 (800), the baryon loading on GRB 221009A is lower than 3.85 (2.13) at a 90% confidence level.
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2.
  • Abbasi, R., et al. (författare)
  • Search for decoherence from quantum gravity with atmospheric neutrinos
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature Physics. - 1745-2481 .- 1745-2473. ; 20:6, s. 913-920
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neutrino oscillations at the highest energies and longest baselines can be used to study the structure of spacetime and test the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. If the metric of spacetime has a quantum mechanical description, its fluctuations at the Planck scale are expected to introduce non-unitary effects that are inconsistent with the standard unitary time evolution of quantum mechanics. Neutrinos interacting with such fluctuations would lose their quantum coherence, deviating from the expected oscillatory flavour composition at long distances and high energies. Here we use atmospheric neutrinos detected by the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory in the energy range of 0.5-10.0 TeV to search for coherence loss in neutrino propagation. We find no evidence of anomalous neutrino decoherence and determine limits on neutrino-quantum gravity interactions. The constraint on the effective decoherence strength parameter within an energy-independent decoherence model improves on previous limits by a factor of 30. For decoherence effects scaling as E2, our limits are advanced by more than six orders of magnitude beyond past measurements compared with the state of the art. Interactions of atmospheric neutrinos with quantum-gravity-induced fluctuations of the metric of spacetime would lead to decoherence. The IceCube Collaboration constrains such interactions with atmospheric neutrinos.
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3.
  • Casillas Trujillo, Luis, et al. (författare)
  • Interstitial carbon in bcc HfNbTiVZr high-entropy alloy from first principles
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2475-9953. ; 4:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The remarkable mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys can be further improved by interstitial alloying. In this work we employ density functional theory calculations to study the solution energies of dilute carbon interstitial atoms in tetrahedral and octahedral sites in bcc HfNbTiVZr. Our results indicate that carbon interstitials in tetrahedral sites are unstable, and the preferred octahedral sites present a large spread in the energy of solution. The inclusion of carbon interstitials induces large structural relaxations with long-range effects. The effect of local chemical environment on the energy of solution is investigated by performing a local cluster expansion including studies of its correlation with the carbon atomic Voronoi volume. However, the spread in solution energetics cannot be explained with a local environment analysis only pointing towards a complex, long-range influence of interstitial carbon in this alloy.
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4.
  • Ekström, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of the Swedish Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) in outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open Respiratory Research. - : BMJ. - 2052-4439. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease. An instrument for measuring different aspects of breathlessness was recently developed, the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). This study aimed to validate the MDP in terms of the underlying factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity in Swedish outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease. Methods Outpatients with stable cardiorespiratory disease and breathlessness in daily life were recruited. Factor structure of MDP was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis; internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach's alpha; and test-retest reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for patients with unchanged breathlessness between assessments (baseline, after 30-90 min and 2 weeks). Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlations with validated scales of breathlessness, anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life. Results In total, 182 outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease and breathlessness in daily life were included; 53.3% were women; main diagnoses were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24.7%), asthma (21.4%), heart failure (19.2%) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (18.7%). The MDP total, immediate perception and emotional response scores, and individual item scores showed expected factor structure and acceptable measurement properties: internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, range 0.80-0.93); test-retest reliability at 30-90 min and 2 weeks (ICC, range 0.67-0.91); and concurrent validity. There was no evidence of a learning effect. Findings were similar between diagnoses. Discussion MDP is a valid instrument for multidimensional measurement of breathlessness in Swedish outpatients across cardiorespiratory diseases.
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5.
  • Irshad, Yasir, 1977- (författare)
  • On some continuous-time modeling and estimation problems for control and communication
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The scope of the thesis is to estimate the parameters of continuous-time models used within control and communication from sampled data with high accuracy and in a computationally efficient way.In the thesis, continuous-time models of systems controlled in a networked environment, errors-in-variables systems, stochastic closed-loop systems, and wireless channels are considered. The parameters of a transfer function based model for the process in a networked control system are estimated by a covariance function based approach relying upon the second order statistical properties of input and output signals. Some other approaches for estimating the parameters of continuous-time models for processes in networked environments are also considered. The multiple input multiple output errors-in-variables problem is solved by means of a covariance matching algorithm. An analysis of a covariance matching method for single input single output errors-in-variables system identification is also presented. The parameters of continuous-time autoregressive exogenous models are estimated from closed-loop filtered data, where the controllers in the closed-loop are of proportional and proportional integral type, and where the closed-loop also contains a time-delay. A stochastic differential equation is derived for Jakes's wireless channel model, describing the dynamics of a scattered electric field with the moving receiver incorporating a Doppler shift.
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6.
  • Irshad, Yasir, 1977- (författare)
  • Some problems of modeling and parameter estimation in continous-time for control and communication
  • 2011
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Stochastic system identification is of great interest in the areas of control and communication. In stochastic system identification, a model of a dynamic system is determined based on given inputs and received outputs from the system, where stochastic uncertainties are also involved. The scope of the report is to consider continuous-time models used within control and communication and to estimate the model parameters from sampled data with high accuracy in a computational efficient way. Continuous-time models of systems controlled in a networked environment, stochastic closed-loop systems, and wireless channels are considered. The parameters of a transfer function based model for the process in a networked control system are first estimated by a covariance function based approach, relying upon the second order statistical properties of the output signal. Some other approaches for estimating the parameters of continuous-time models for processes in networked environments are also considered. Further, the parameters of continuous-time autoregressive exogenous models are estimated from closed-loop filtered data, where the controllers in the closed-loop are of proportional and proportional integral type, and where the closed-loop also contains a time-delay. Moreover, a stochastic differential equation is derived for Jakes's wireless channel model, describing the dynamics of a scattered electric field with the moving receiver incorporating a Doppler shift.
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7.
  • Jansson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Banks' risk taking in credit decisions : influences of loan officers' personality traits and financial risk preference versus bank-contextual factors
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Managerial Finance. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0307-4358 .- 1758-7743. ; 49:8, s. 1297-1313
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: This paper aims to investigate whether loan officers' risk taking in credit decisions are associated with their personal financial risk preference and personality traits or solely with bank-contextual and loan-relevant factors. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey administered in six large Swedish banks to 163 loan officers responsible for assessing credit risk and approval of loan applications. The loan officers rated their likelihood of approving fictitious loan applications from business companies. Findings: The loan officers' credit risk taking is associated with bank-contextual factors, directly with perceived organizational credit risk norms and indirectly with self-confidence in assessing credit risks through attitude to credit risk taking. A direct association is also found with personal financial risk preference but not with personality traits. Research limitations/implications: Increased awareness of that loan officers' personal financial risk preference is associated with their credit risk taking in loan decisions but that the banks' risk policy has a stronger association. Banks' managements and boards should therefore assure that their credit risk policy is implemented, followed and being aligned with their performance incentives. Practical implications: Increased awareness of that loan officers' credit risk taking is associated with personal financial risk preference but more strongly with the banks' risk policy that motivate banks' managements and boards to assure that their credit risk policy is implemented, followed and being aligned with their performance incentives. Originality/value: The first study which directly compare the associations of loan officers' risk taking in credit approvals with personal risk preference and personality traits versus bank-contextual factors and loan-relevant information. 
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8.
  • Lundberg, Jonas, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling operator control work across traffic management domains : implications for interaction design
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : Springer. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 26:2, s. 281-299
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Traffic management in aviation, shipping, and rail transport shows similarities and dissimilarities in the work process. For example, they share the temporal aspect, but different levels of urgency in the control work set different requirements on monitoring, decisions, and actions. However, few studies have been presented that model and compare the different domains in terms of temporal decision-making. The Joint Control Framework (JCF) is an approach to analyse and temporally model operators’ control processes from a cognitive systems engineering perspective. In this study, we have used JCF to map, and compare, cognitive joints, such as perceptions, decisions, and actions, in temporally challenging control situations in air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic service, and train traffic management. Data was collected collaboratively with traffic operators, focusing on (1) identifying challenging traffic situations and (2) jointly modelling the temporal decision-making patterns of these situations using simplified JCF. Post-analysis was done by breaking down the results into different processes and comparing domains to ascertain how operators maintain control. An intermediate level of activity—between general monitoring and work with specific vehicles—was identified: processes-in-focus. A shared problem arises in the shift between general monitoring and the processes-in-focus. All processes-in-focus comprise cognitive joint cycles of perceptions, decisions, and actions. However, depending on the framing of processes-in-focus, the patterns of joints, such as temporal extension and complexity, differ. In the remainder of the article, implications for the interaction design, in particular the potential for human–AI/automation teaming with higher levels of automation and cognitive autonomy, are discussed. 
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9.
  • Roos, John Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Who Are the Online Medication Shoppers? : A Market Segmentation of the Swedish Welfare State
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. - : MDPI. - 0718-1876. ; 19:1, s. 526-537
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study aimed to explore the online shopping of medicines from demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral factors. A quantitative survey design was used with a quote sample representing the Swedish population regarding age, gender, and residential area. In total, 1863 persons responded to a survey, including measures of age, gender, income, education, area of residence, personality traits (BFI-10), values (Rokeach Value Survey), self-estimated health-status, internet usage, online shopping in general, and online shopping of medicines. Firstly, the data were analyzed with chi-squares and independent t-tests. From these initial analyses, online shopping of medicines was associated with young age, female gender, high income and education, living in a big city, extraversion, several values of desirable end-states of existence (e.g., self-respect, a sense of accomplishment, and pleasure), internet usage, and general online shopping. Secondly, the significant (p < 0.05) variables from the initial analysis were included in a logistic regression analysis. This comprehensive model showed that online medication shoppers are best predicted by being female and the use of internet. Unlike what was previously known about medication shoppers, the typical online medication shopper appears to be driven by hedonistic values and self-actualization, rather than health status. We suggest that further research replicate this study outside and inside Sweden, and that health status is measured in a different way. 
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10.
  • Roos, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • A three-level analysis of values related to socially responsible retirement investments
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2043-0795 .- 2043-0809.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim is to investigate the value basis of Socially Responsible Retirement Investments (SRRI) in a study of Swedish pension investors in the age range 18 to 65 years (N=1005). Logistic regression analyses were performed with self-reported SRRI choice as dependent variable and different levels of values as independent variables. On a higher level of analyses, self-transcendent values, especially universalism (e.g., equality, protecting the environment, and social justice), have the most important influences on SRRI choice. In contrast, on a lower-level analysis, SRRI choice is influenced by self-enhancement values with high priority for authoritarian power and low priority for wealth. The three-level analysis of values (self-transcendence vs self-enhancement value orientation, motivational domain, and value) questions the contradiction between dimension poles of values and the structuring of values in interrelated motivational domains. The results thereby clarify some previous findings and increase the understanding of the value basis of SRRI.
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11.
  • Röttorp, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Driftaspekter på kommunala avloppsreningsverk
  • 2002
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Projektet initierades eftersom ett flertal kommunala avloppsreningsverk belastade med bryggeriavlopp upplevt olika typer av driftproblem. Typiska problem har varit: Igensättning av biobäddar. Slamsvällning med utsläpp av suspenderat material som följd. Luktproblem och problem med svavelvätebildning. Höga utsläpp av fosfor och BOD Följande möjligheter har diskuterats och bearbetats inom projektet. Minimera och jämna ut den organiska belastningen från bryggeriet. Anaerob behandling av BOD-rika avloppsströmmar från bryggerierna. Balansen mellan närsalter och organiska ämnen. Olika typer av förfällning samt flotation som primärbehandling för att minska belastningen till efterföljande biosteg. För- respektive nackdelar med separat avloppsvattenledning från bryggeriet. Membranfiltrering som ett alternativ till uppkoncentrering av bryggeriavlopp. Screening av eventuella toxiska ämnen i bryggeriavloppet som kan störa driften av ett kommunalt avloppsreningsverk. Nya aspekter för att förändra driften av biobäddar
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12.
  • Sarwar, Nadeem, et al. (författare)
  • Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease : a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - New York, NY, USA : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 379:9822, s. 1205-1213
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods: In a collaborative meta-analysis, we studied Asp358Ala (rs2228145) in IL6R in relation to a panel of conventional risk factors and inflammation biomarkers in 125 222 participants. We also compared the frequency of Asp358Ala in 51 441 patients with coronary heart disease and in 136 226 controls. To gain insight into possible mechanisms, we assessed Asp358Ala in relation to localised gene expression and to postlipopolysaccharide stimulation of interleukin 6. Findings: The minor allele frequency of Asp358Ala was 39%. Asp358Ala was not associated with lipid concentrations, blood pressure, adiposity, dysglycaemia, or smoking (p value for association per minor allele >= 0.04 for each). By contrast, for every copy of 358Ala inherited, mean concentration of IL6R increased by 34.3% (95% CI 30.4-38.2) and of interleukin 6 by 14.6% (10.7-18.4), and mean concentration of C-reactive protein was reduced by 7.5% (5.9-9.1) and of fibrinogen by 1.0% (0.7-1.3). For every copy of 358Ala inherited, risk of coronary heart disease was reduced by 3.4% (1.8-5.0). Asp358Ala was not related to IL6R mRNA levels or interleukin-6 production in monocytes. Interpretation: Large-scale human genetic and biomarker data are consistent with a causal association between IL6R-related pathways and coronary heart disease.
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13.
  • Strandberg, Louise, 1981, et al. (författare)
  • IL6 and IL1B polymorphisms are associated with fat mass in older men: the MrOS Study Sweden.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 16:3, s. 710-3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is growing evidence that immune functions are linked to the regulation of body fat. Our studies of knockout mice indicate that both endogenous interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 can suppress mature-onset obesity. We now investigated whether four common polymorphisms of the IL6 and IL1 systems are associated with the fat mass measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in elderly men (n = 3,014). The study subjects were from the Swedish part of the MrOS multicenter population study and 69-81 years of age. The IL6 -174 G>C (Minor allele frequency (MAF) = 48%) gene promoter polymorphism was associated with the primary outcome total fat mass (P = 0.006) and regional fat masses, but not with lean body mass. The IL1B -31T>C (MAF = 34%) polymorphism was also associated with total fat (P = 0.007) and regional fat masses, but not lean body mass. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene (IL1RN) +2018 T>C (MAF = 27%) polymorphism (in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a well-studied variable number tandem repeat of 86 base pair (bp)) and IL1B +3953 C>T (MAF = 26%) polymorphism were not associated with total fat mass. In conclusion, the IL-1 and IL-6 systems, shown to suppress mature-onset obesity in experimental animals, contain gene polymorphisms that are associated with fat, but not lean, mass in elderly men.
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14.
  • Strömberg, Jan-Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Complex Hybrid Systems I : a Study of Available Tools and Specification of Planned Work
  • 1994
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of this report is twofold. First, to provide a common framework and terminology for the participants of the Nutek supported COHSY project a multi-disciplinary academic-industrial cooperation on COmplex Hybrid SYstems. Second, to define more precisely the activities within the nest few years of the project. Therefore, the current report should be considered as a project definition rather than a statement about the constructive work currently in progress.
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15.
  • Sundh, Josefin, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical validation of the Swedish version of Dyspnoea-12 instrument in outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open Respiratory Research. - : BMJ. - 2052-4439. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction Breathlessness is the cardinal symptom in both cardiac and respiratory diseases, and includes multiple dimensions. The multidimensional instrument Dyspnoea-12 has been developed to assess both physical and affective components of breathlessness. This study aimed to perform a clinical validation of the Swedish version of Dyspnoea-12 in outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease. Methods Stable outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease and self-reported breathlessness in daily life were recruited from five Swedish centres. Assessments of Dyspnoea-12 were performed at baseline, after 30-90 min and after 2 weeks. Factor structure was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Concurrent validity at baseline was evaluated by examining correlations with lung function and several instruments for the assessment of symptoms and health status. Results In total, 182 patients were included: with the mean age of 69 years and 53% women. The main causes of breathlessness were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 25%), asthma (21%), heart failure (19%) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (19%). Factor analysis confirmed the expected underlying two-component structure with two subdomains. The Dyspnoea-12 total score, physical subdomain score and affective subdomain scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.94, 0.84 and 0.80, respectively) and acceptable reliability after 2 weeks (ICC total scores 0.81, 0.79 and 0.73). Dyspnoea-12 showed concurrent validity with the instruments modified Medical Research Council scale, COPD Assessment Test, European Quality of Life-Five Dimensions-Five levels, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and with forced expiratory volume in 1 s in percentage of predicted value. The results were consistent across different cardiorespiratory conditions. Conclusion The Dyspnoea-12 is a valid instrument for multidimensional assessment of breathlessness in Swedish patients with cardiorespiratory diseases.
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16.
  • Abbasi, R., et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of the astrophysical diffuse neutrino flux using starting track events in IceCube
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 110:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A measurement of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino spectrum is presented using IceCube data collected from 2011-2022 (10.3 years). We developed novel detection techniques to search for events with a contained vertex and exiting track induced by muon neutrinos undergoing a charged-current interaction. Searching for these starting track events allows us to not only more effectively reject atmospheric muons but also atmospheric neutrino backgrounds in the southern sky, opening a new window to the sub-100 TeV astrophysical neutrino sky. The event selection is constructed using a dynamic starting track veto and machine learning algorithms. We use this data to measure the astrophysical diffuse flux as a single power law flux (SPL) with a best-fit spectral index of γ=2.58-0.09+0.10 and per-flavor normalization of φper-flavorAstro=1.68-0.22+0.19×10-18×GeV-1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 (at 100 TeV). The sensitive energy range for this dataset is 3-550 TeV under the SPL assumption. This data was also used to measure the flux under a broken power law, however we did not find any evidence of a low energy cutoff.
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17.
  • Abbasi, R., et al. (författare)
  • Citizen science for IceCube: Name that Neutrino
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - 2190-5444. ; 139:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Name that Neutrino is a citizen science project where volunteers aid in classification of events for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, an immense particle detector at the geographic South Pole. From March 2023 to September 2023, volunteers did classifications of videos produced from simulated data of both neutrino signal and background interactions. Name that Neutrino obtained more than 128,000 classifications by over 1800 registered volunteers that were compared to results obtained by a deep neural network machine-learning algorithm. Possible improvements for both Name that Neutrino and the deep neural network are discussed.
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18.
  • Abbasi, R., et al. (författare)
  • Improved modeling of in-ice particle showers for IceCube event reconstruction
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 19:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The IceCube Neutrino Observatory relies on an array of photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light produced by charged particles in the South Pole ice. IceCube data analyses depend on an in-depth characterization of the glacial ice, and on novel approaches in event reconstruction that utilize fast approximations of photoelectron yields. Here, a more accurate model is derived for event reconstruction that better captures our current knowledge of ice optical properties. When evaluated on a Monte Carlo simulation set, the median angular resolution for in-ice particle showers improves by over a factor of three compared to a reconstruction based on a simplified model of the ice. The most substantial improvement is obtained when including effects of birefringence due to the polycrystalline structure of the ice. When evaluated on data classified as particle showers in the high-energy starting events sample, a significantly improved description of the events is observed.
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19.
  • Ahlström, Christer, et al. (författare)
  • Dangerous use of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving : A toolbox of counter-measures
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The use of mobile phone and similar devices while driving has been a topic of discussion and research for several years. It is now an established fact that driving performance is deteriorated due to distraction but no clear conclusions can yet be drawn concerning influence on crash rates. Better studies on this relationship is needed. Most countries in Europe and many countries elsewhere have introduced different types of bans for handheld devices. Sweden has, however, no such bans. VTI was commissioned by the Swedish Government to outline possible means to reduce the dangerous usage of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving as alternatives to banning. This task was a result of a previous VTI-state-of-the-art review of research on mobile phone and other communication device usage while driving. One of the findings in the review was that bans on handheld phones did not appear to reduce the number of crashes.Eighteen different countermeasures in three main areas were suggested. (1) Technical solutions such as countermeasures directed towards the infrastructure, the vehicle and the communication device. (2) Education and information, describing different ways to increase knowledge and understanding among stakeholders and different driver categories. (3) Different possibilities for how society, industry and organisations can influence the behaviour of individuals, via policies, rules, recommendations and incentives. Our conclusion is that a combination of different countermeasures is needed – where education and information to the drivers are combined with support and incentives for a safe usage of different communication devices.
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20.
  • Ail, Ujwala, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Optimization of Non-Pyrolyzed Lignin Electrodes for Sustainable Batteries
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2366-7486. ; 7:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lignin, a byproduct from the pulp industry, is one of the redox active biopolymers being investigated as a component in the electrodes for sustainable energy storage applications. Due to its insulating nature, it needs to be combined with a conductor such as carbon or conducting polymer for efficient charge storage. Here, the lignin/carbon composite electrodes manufactured via mechanical milling (ball milling) are reported. The composite formation, correlation between performance and morphology is studied by comparison with manual mixing and jet milling. Superior charge storage capacity with approximate to 70% of the total contribution from the Faradaic process involving the redox functionality of lignin is observed in a mechanically milled composite. In comparison, manual mix shows only approximate to 30% from the lignin storage participation while the rest is due to the electric double layer at the carbon-electrolyte interface. The significant participation of lignin in the ball milled composite is attributed to the homogeneous, intimate mixing of the carbon and the lignin leading the electronic carrier transported in the carbon phase to reach most of the redox group of lignin. A maximum capacity of 49 mAh g(-1) is obtained at charge/discharge rate of 0.25 A g(-1) for the sample milled for 60 min.
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21.
  • Albinsson, John, et al. (författare)
  • A combination of parabolic and grid slope interpolation for 2D tissue displacement estimations
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 55:8, s. 1327-1338
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Parabolic sub-sample interpolation for 2D block-matching motion estimation is computationally efficient. However, it is well known that the parabolic interpolation gives a biased motion estimate for displacements greater than |y.2| samples (y = 0, 1, …). Grid slope sub-sample interpolation is less biased, but it shows large variability for displacements close to y.0. We therefore propose to combine these sub-sample methods into one method (GS15PI) using a threshold to determine when to use which method. The proposed method was evaluated on simulated, phantom, and in vivo ultrasound cine loops and was compared to three sub-sample interpolation methods. On average, GS15PI reduced the absolute sub-sample estimation errors in the simulated and phantom cine loops by 14, 8, and 24% compared to sub-sample interpolation of the image, parabolic sub-sample interpolation, and grid slope sub-sample interpolation, respectively. The limited in vivo evaluation of estimations of the longitudinal movement of the common carotid artery using parabolic and grid slope sub-sample interpolation and GS15PI resulted in coefficient of variation (CV) values of 6.9, 7.5, and 6.8%, respectively. The proposed method is computationally efficient and has low bias and variance. The method is another step toward a fast and reliable method for clinical investigations of longitudinal movement of the arterial wall.
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22.
  • Albinsson, John, et al. (författare)
  • Tracking Performance of Several Combinations of Common Evaluation Metrics and Sub-pixel Methods
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 16th Nordic-Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1680-0737. ; 48, s. 13-16, s. 13-16
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Motion estimation in a series of consecutive images is used in a variety of areas, e.g. video compression and investigation of tissue characteristics and organ function in medical images. Several methods exist both for estimating motions on a pixel level, e.g. block-matching in which two blocks in consecutive images are compared by an evaluation metric, and on a sub-pixel level. In this paper, we have evaluated the tracking performance of all combinations between three evaluation metrics and eight sub-pixel estimation methods. The tracking performance of a sub-pixel method varies depending on the evaluation metric used. This indicates that a reported tracking performance for a sub-pixel estimation method can be significantly different when combined with another evaluation metric. Also there is a large variation in the time needed for the motion estimations depending primarily on the sub-pixel method used but also on the evaluation metric.
  •  
23.
  • Ali Khan, N., et al. (författare)
  • Direction of arrival estimation using adaptive directional time-frequency distributions
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Multidimensional systems and signal processing. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0923-6082 .- 1573-0824. ; 29:2, s. 503-521
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Time-frequency distributions (TFDs) allow direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms to be used in scenarios when the total number of sources are more than the number of sensors. The performance of such time-frequency (t-f) based DOA estimation algorithms depends on the resolution of the underlying TFD as a higher resolution TFD leads to better separation of sources in the t-f domain. This paper presents a novel DOA estimation algorithm that uses the adaptive directional t-f distribution (ADTFD) for the analysis of close signal components. The ADTFD optimizes the direction of kernel at each point in the t-f domain to obtain a clear t-f representation, which is then exploited for DOA estimation. Moreover, the proposed methodology can also be applied for DOA estimation of sparse signals. Experimental results indicate that the proposed DOA algorithm based on the ADTFD outperforms other fixed and adaptive kernel based DOA algorithms.
  •  
24.
  • Ali, Sadiq, et al. (författare)
  • Kronecker-Based Fusion Rule for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Multi-Antenna Receivers
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Electronics. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-9292. ; 3:4, s. 675-688
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper considers a novel fusion rule for spectrum sensing scheme for a cognitive radio network with multi-antenna receivers. The proposed scheme exploits the fact that when any primary signal is present, measurements are spatially correlated due to presence of inter-antenna and inter-receiver spatial correlation. In order to exploit this spatial structure, the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) operates with the determinant of the sample covariance matrix. Therefore, it depends on the sample size N and the dimensionality of the received data (i.e., the number of receivers K and antennas L). However, when the dimensionality fK; Lg is on the order, or larger than the sample size N, the GLRT degenerates due to the ill-conditioning of the sample covariance matrix. In order to circumvent this issue, we propose two techniques that exploit the inner spatial structure of the received observations by using single pair and multi-pairs Kronecker products. The performance of the proposed detectors is evaluated by means of numerical simulations, showing important advantages with respect to the traditional (i.e., unstructured) GLRT approach.
  •  
25.
  • Ali, Sadiq, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-antenna spectrum sensing by exploiting spatio-temporal correlation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1687-6172 .- 1687-6180. ; , s. 160-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism for spectrum sensing that leads us to exploit the spatio-temporal correlation present in the received signal at a multi-antenna receiver. For the proposed mechanism, we formulate the spectrum sensing scheme by adopting the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). However, the GLRT degenerates in the case of limited sample support. To circumvent this problem, several extensions are proposed that bring robustness to the GLRT in the case of high dimensionality and small sample size. In order to achieve these sample-efficient detection schemes, we modify the GLRT-based detector by exploiting the covariance structure and factoring the large spatio-temporal covariance matrix into spatial and temporal covariance matrices. The performance of the proposed detectors is evaluated by means of numerical simulations, showing important advantages over existing detectors.
  •  
26.
  • Ali, Sadiq, et al. (författare)
  • Novel collaborative spectrum sensing based on spatial covariance structure
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: 2013 Proceedings of the 21st European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). - 9780992862602 ; , s. 6811678-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In collaborative spectrum sensing, spatial correlation in the measurements obtained by sensors can be exploited by adopting Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT). In this process the GLRT provides a test statistics that is normally based on the sample covariance matrix of the received signal samples. Unfortunately, problems arise when the dimensions of this matrix become excessively large, as it happens in the so-called large-scale wireless sensor networks. In these circumstances, a huge amount of samples are needed in order to avoid the ill-conditioning of the GLRT, which degenerates when the dimensionality of data is equal to the sample size or larger. To circumvent this problem, we modify the traditional GLRT detector by decomposing the large spatial covariance matrix into small covariance matrices by using properties of the Kronecker Product. The proposed detection scheme is robust in the case of high dimensionality and small sample size. Numerical results are drawn, which show that the proposed detection schemes indeed outperform the traditional approaches when the dimension of data is larger than the sample size.
  •  
27.
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28.
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29.
  • Andersson, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Natur på skolgården för lärande, hälsa och hållbarhet
  • 2024. - 2024
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Gröna och artrika utemiljöer främjar barns och ungas välbefinnande och kunskap, bådegenom hälsofördelar kopplade till biologisk mångfald och genom att skapa förutsättningarför lek och lärande om natur och miljöfrågor. Skolgården skulle kunna bidra till allt detta,men är idag i hög grad en outnyttjad plats för biologisk mångfald och klimatanpassningav städer. I denna policy brief presenteras huvudsakliga motiv och möjliga åtgärder för attutveckla gröna miljöer och biologisk mångfald på skolgårdar och förskolegårdar.
  •  
30.
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31.
  • Andersson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Production optimisation in the petrochemical industry by hierarchical multivariate modelling
  • 2004
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This project demonstrates the advantages of applying hierarchical multivariate modelling in the petrochemical industry in order to increase knowledge of the total process. The models indicate possible ways to optimise the process regarding the use of energy and raw material, which is directly linked to the environmental impact of the process. The refinery of Nynäs Refining AB (Gothenburg, Sweden) has acted as a demonstration site in this project. The models developed for the demonstration site resulted in: * Detection of an unknown process disturbance and suggestions of possible causes. · Indications on how to increase the yield in combination with energy savings. * The possibility to predict product quality from on-line process measurements, making the results available at a higher frequency than customary laboratory analysis. * Quantification of the gradually lowered efficiency of heat transfer in the furnace and increased fuel consumption as an effect of soot build-up on the furnace coils. * Increased knowledge of the relation between production rate and the efficiency of the heat exchangers. This report is one of two reports from the project. It contains a technical discussion of the result with some degree of detail. A shorter and more easily accessible report is also available, see IVL report B1586-A
  •  
32.
  • Andersson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Production optimisation in the petrochemical industry by hierarchical multivariate modelling. Concise report
  • 2004
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This project demonstrates the advantages of applying hierarchical multivariate modelling in the petrochemical industry in order to increase knowledge of the total process. The models indicate possible ways to optimise the process regarding the use of energy and raw material, which is directly linked to the environmental impact of the process. The refinery of Nynäs Refining AB (Gothenburg, Sweden) has acted as a demonstration site in this project. The models developed for the demonstration site resulted in: * Detection of an unknown process disturbance and suggestions of possible causes. * Indications on how to increase the yield in combination with energy savings. * The possibility to predict product quality from on-line process measurements, making the results available at a higher frequency than customary laboratory analysis. * Quantification of the gradually lowered efficiency of heat transfer in the furnace and increased fuel consumption as an effect of soot build-up on the furnace coils. * Increased knowledge of the relation between production rate and the efficiency of the heat exchangers. The project is also reported, with a higher level of detail, in the IVL report B1586-B
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33.
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34.
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35.
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36.
  • Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • A variant near the interleukin-6 gene is associated with fat mass in Caucasian men
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 34:6, s. 1011-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • CONTEXT: Regulation of fat mass appears to be associated with immune functions. Studies of knockout mice show that endogenous interleukin (IL)-6 can suppress mature-onset obesity. OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL-6 (IL6) and IL-6 receptor (IL6R) genes with body fat mass, in support for our hypothesis that variants of these genes can be associated with obesity. DESIGN AND STUDY SUBJECTS: The Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18- to 20-year-old men (n=1049), from the Gothenburg area (Sweden). Major findings were confirmed in two additional cohorts consisting of elderly men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden (n=2851) and MrOS US (n=5611) multicenter population-based studies. MAIN OUTCOME: The genotype distributions and their association with fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Out of 18 evaluated tag SNPs near the IL6 and IL6R genes, a recently identified SNP rs10242595 G/A (minor allele frequency=29%) 3' of the IL6 gene was negatively associated with the primary outcome total body fat mass (effect size -0.11 standard deviation (s.d.) units per A allele, P=0.02). This negative association with fat mass was also confirmed in the combined MrOS Sweden and MrOS US cohorts (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P=0.002). When all three cohorts were combined (n=8927, Caucasian subjects), rs10242595(*)A showed a negative association with total body fat mass (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P<0.0002). Furthermore, the rs10242595(*)A was associated with low body mass index (effect size -0.03, P<0.001) and smaller regional fat masses. None of the other SNPs investigated in the GOOD study were reproducibly associated with body fat. CONCLUSIONS: The IL6 gene polymorphism rs10242595(*)A is associated with decreased fat mass in three combined cohorts of 8927 Caucasian men.
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37.
  • Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Variants of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene are associated with fat mass in men
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 33:5, s. 525-533
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: Immune functions seem to have connections to variations in body fat mass. Studies of knockout mice indicate that endogenous interleukin (IL)-1 can suppress mature-onset obesity. Objective: To systematically investigate our hypotheses that single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or haplotypes variants in the IL-1 gene system are associated with fat mass. Subjects: The Gothenburg osteoporosis and obesity determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18-20 year-old men (n = 1068), from Gothenburg, Sweden. Major findings were confirmed in elderly men (n = 3014) from the Swedish part of the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) multicenter population-based study. Main Outcome Measure: The genotype distributions and their association with body fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Out of 15 investigated SNPs in the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) gene, a recently identified 30 untranslated region C4T (rs4252041, minor allele frequency 4%) SNP was associated with the primary outcome total fat mass (P = 0.003) and regional fat masses, but not with lean body mass or serum IL-1 receptor 1 (IL1RN) levels. This SNP was also associated with body fat when correcting the earlier reported IL1RN_2018 T4C (rs419598) SNP (in linkage disequilibrium with a well-studied variable number tandem repeat of 86 bp). The association between rs4252041 SNP and body fat was confirmed in the older MrOS population (P = 0.03). The rs4252041 SNP was part of three haplotypes consisting of five adjacent SNPs that were identified by a sliding window approach. These haplotypes had a highly significant global association with total body fat (P < 0.001). None of the other investigated members of the IL-1 gene family displayed any SNPs that have not been described previously to be significantly associated with body fat. Conclusions: The IL1RN gene, shown to enhance obesity by suppressing IL-1 effects in experimental animals, have no previously described gene polymorphisms and haplotypes that are associated with fat, but not lean mass in two populations of men. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, 525-533; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.47; published online 17 March 2009
  •  
38.
  • Andersson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • B-field energy dependent phase lag dispersion in magnetomotive ultrasound imaging
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 2015 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 1948-5719.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Magnetomotive ultrasound imaging is an emerging technique where superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as an ultrasound contrast agent. A time-varying external magnetic field acts to move tissue embedded particles, and ultrasound is used to detect the resulting tissue movement. In experimental phantom studies we have observed a phase lag dispersion in the magnetomotive response in respect to applied time-varying magnetic field (B-field). We hypothesize that this dispersion is triggered by the strength of the applied B-field in combination with concentration of embedded nanoparticles in the region. The cohort response of the nanoparticles aligns as the magnetic field gets more energetic. Moreover, the tightening of the phase response indicate an asymptotic tapering towards a phase limit.
  •  
39.
  • Andersson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Cross-correlation detection improves spatial delineation and enables high resolution tracking of temporal events in magnetomotive ultrasound imaging
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2017. - 9781538633830
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Magnetomotive ultrasound (MM US) imaging is a method whereby superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NP) are used as a contrast agent. By applying an external magnetic field the particles are set in motion together with their surroundings. The induced movement is detected with ultrasound, and for the case of harmonic excitation of the magnetic source, quadrature detection (lock-in plus phase gating) can recover the magnetomotive signal (doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2591). Here, we propose instead the use of cross-correlation for detection, and report the potential benefits compared to the previous approach.
  •  
40.
  • Andersson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of nanoparticle size and magnetic field strength on the displacement signal in magnetomotive ultrasound imaging
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 2016 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2016. - 9781467398978 ; 2016-November
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Magnetomotive ultrasound imaging is an emerging technique where superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as an ultrasound contrast agent. A time-varying external magnetic field acts to move tissue embedded particles, and ultrasound is used to detect the resulting tissue movement. In this experimental phantom study we observed a variation in the magnetomotive response in respect to physical size of the embedded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Given the same Fe concentration a weaker response, by a factor of 2, was detected with the larger nanoparticles. However, approximately seven times larger response remains, given the volume ratio between particles, implying a seven times larger response per binding event. We hypothesize that this can have bearing in molecular imaging.
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41.
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42.
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43.
  • Barceló, Guillem Casas, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Image-Based Floor Segmentation in Visual Inertial Navigation
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: 2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). - New York : IEEE. - 9781467346214 ; , s. 1402-1407
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a floor segmentation algorithmfor indoor sequences that works with single grey-scale images.The portion of the floor closest to the camera is segmentedby judiciously joining a set of horizontal and vertical lines,previously detected. Since the proposed method is not based oncomputing the vanishing point, the system can deal with anykind of indoor scenes and adapts quickly to camera movements.A second contribution is the detection of moving features forpoints within the segmented floor area. Based on the estimatedcamera ego-motion, the ground plane homography is derived.Then, the expected optical flow for the ground points is calculatedand used for rejecting features that belong to moving obstacles.A key point of the designed method is that no restrictions on thecamera motion are imposed for the homography derivation.
  •  
44.
  • Bauer, Dietmar, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of the Asymptotic Properties of the MOESP Type of Subspace Algorithms
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Automatica. - : Elsevier. - 0005-1098. ; 36:4, s. 497-509
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The MOESP type of subspace algorithms are used for the identification of linear, discrete time, finite-dimensional state-space systems. They are based on the geometric structure of covariance matrices and exploit the properties of the state vector extensively. In this paper the asymptotic properties of the algorithms are examined. The main results include consistency and asymptotic normality for the estimates of the system matrices, under suitable assumptions on the noise sequence, the input process and the underlying true system.
  •  
45.
  • Bergknut, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Atmospheric deposition, retention, and stream export of dioxins and PCBs in a pristine boreal catchment
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 159:6, s. 1592-1598
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mass-balance between diffuse atmospheric deposition of organic pollutants, amount of pollutants retained by the terrestrial environment, and levels of pollutants released to surface stream waters was studied in a pristine northern boreal catchment. This was done by comparing the input of atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and PCBs with the amounts exported to surface waters. Two types of deposition samplers were used, equipped with a glass fibre thimble and an Amberlite sampler respectively. The measured fluxes showed clear seasonality, with most of the input and export occurring during winter and spring flood, respectively. The mass balance calculations indicates that the boreal landscape is an effective sink for PCDD/Fs and PCBs, as 96.0-99.9 % of received bulk deposition was retained, suggesting that organic pollutants will continue to impact stream water in the region for an extended period of time.
  •  
46.
  • Bergkvist, Bo, et al. (författare)
  • Pools and fluxes of carbon in three Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic gradient in Sweden
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 89:1, s. 7-25
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents an integrated analysis of organic carbon (C) pools in soils and vegetation, within-ecosystem fluxes and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in three 40-year old Norway spruce stands along a north-south climatic gradient in Sweden, measured 2001-2004. A process-orientated ecosystem model (CoupModel), previously parameterised on a regional dataset, was used for the analysis. Pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) and tree growth rates were highest at the southernmost site (1.6 and 2.0-fold, respectively). Tree litter production (litterfall and root litter) was also highest in the south, with about half coming from fine roots (< 1 mm) at all sites. However, when the litter input from the forest floor vegetation was included, the difference in total litter input rate between the sites almost disappeared (190-233 g C m(-2) year(-1)). We propose that a higher N deposition and N availability in the south result in a slower turnover of soil organic matter than in the north. This effect seems to overshadow the effect of temperature. At the southern site, 19% of the total litter input to the O horizon was leached to the mineral soil as dissolved organic carbon, while at the two northern sites the corresponding figure was approx. 9%. The CoupModel accurately described general C cycling behaviour in these ecosystems, reproducing the differences between north and south. The simulated changes in SOC pools during the measurement period were small, ranging from -8 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the north to +9 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the south. In contrast, NEE and tree growth measurements at the northernmost site suggest that the soil lost about 90 g C m(-2) year(-1).
  •  
47.
  • Berlin, Johan, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • Involuntary backsourcing in the public sector ‐ From conflict to collaboration
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Public Administration. - : Wiley. - 0033-3298 .- 1467-9299. ; 100:3, s. 674-691
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on how involuntary backsourcing in public organisations is performed in practice and how it affects the relationship between principal and agent. The study focuses on two questions; 1) Which stages characterise the process when public contracts are involuntary terminated? 2) How does involuntary backsourcing affect the relationship between principal and agent during the transfer period? The study's case concerns public backsourcing in Sweden, in particular, how a metropolitan municipality manages involuntary backsourcing. This study provides in‐depth insights into backsourcing and its practice, as well the degree to which the conflict dimension between the parties is affected. The study shows ‐ paradoxically ‐ that the relationship between principal and agent during the transition phase is characterised by dependence, mutual exchange of information, collaboration and less conflict. The study contributes to developing the theory of backsourcing, particularly the behaviour that is played out between principal and agent in the transition stage. The findings identify the need for public organisations which make outsourcing decisions to have contingency plans for bringing operations back in‐house.
  •  
48.
  • Biel, Anders, 1948, et al. (författare)
  • Behavioural Impediments to Sustainable Investment.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Paper presented at the 32nd IAREP Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia..
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study investigates impediments to sustainable investment (SI) that reside within the organizations of institutional investors. A questionnaire was addressed to 35 institutional investors with board directors, senior investment managers or portfolio managers acting as respondents. The respondents represented SI as well as non-SI funds. Presently, little is known about how variations in the endorsement of values and norms among members in an organisation affect decision making. We tested the hypothesis that to the extent that a SI policy has been adopted, members of the organisation share a norm to advance SI, driven by an adherence to social and environmental values, together with beliefs about potential benefits of SI. We also examined an alternative model assuming a direct link between beliefs about financial outcomes of SI and SI practices in the organisation.
  •  
49.
  • Björling, T., et al. (författare)
  • SrAlSiH : A polyanionic semiconductor hydride
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 44:44, s. 7269-7273
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • (Chemical Equation Presented) Stable and semiconducting: Polyanionic hydrides represent a new class of main-group-metal hydrides with unforeseen hydrogen-coordination environments. The hydrogen atom in SrAlSiH is attached exclusively to Al and forms part of a layered [AlHSi]2- polyanion (see figure). This material is the first narrow bandgap semiconductor hydride and combines the high thermal stability of saline hydrides with the air and moisture stability of interstitial transition-metal hydrides.
  •  
50.
  • Björsell, Niclas, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • Improved estimate of parametric models for analogue to digital converters by using weighted integral nonlinearity data
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: 17th Symposium IMEKO TC4 - Measurement of Electrical Quantities, 15th International Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, and 3rd Symposium IMEKO TC19 - Environmental Measurements. - 9781617823381 ; , s. 597-600, s. 597-600
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Error modelling has played a major role in generating post-corrections of analogue to digital converters (ADC). Benefits by using parametric models for post-correction are that they requires less memory and that they are easier to identify for arbitrary signals. However, the parameters are estimated in two steps; firstly, the integral nonlinearity (INL) is estimated and secondly, the model parameters. In this paper we propose a method to improve the performance in the second step, by utilizing information about the statistical properties of the first step.
  •  
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