| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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The curse of the uncultured fungus
- 2022
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 86, s. 177-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The international DNA sequence databases abound in fungal sequences not annotated beyond the kingdom level, typically bearing names such as “uncultured fungus”. These sequences beget low-resolution mycological results and invite further deposition of similarly poorly annotated entries. What do these sequences represent? This study uses a 767,918-sequence corpus of public full-length fungal ITS sequences to estimate what proportion of the 95,055 “uncultured fungus” sequences that represent truly unidentifiable fungal taxa – and what proportion of them that would have been straightforward to annotate to some more meaningful taxonomic level at the time of sequence deposition. Our results suggest that more than 70% of these sequences would have been trivial to identify to at least the order/family level at the time of sequence deposition, hinting that factors other than poor availability of relevant reference sequences explain the low-resolution names. We speculate that researchers’ perceived lack of time and lack of insight into the ramifications of this problem are the main explanations for the low-resolution names. We were surprised to find that more than a fifth of these sequences seem to have been deposited by mycologists rather than researchers unfamiliar with the consequences of poorly annotated fungal sequences in molecular repositories. The proportion of these needlessly poorly annotated sequences does not decline over time, suggesting that this problem must not be left unchecked.
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| 3. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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The curse of the uncultured fungus
- 2022
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; :86, s. 177-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The international DNA sequence databases abound in fungal sequences not annotated beyond the kingdom level, typically bearing names such as "uncultured fungus". These sequences beget lowresolution mycological results and invite further deposition of similarly poorly annotated entries. What do these sequences represent? This study uses a 767,918-sequence corpus of public full-length that represent truly unidentifiable fungal taxa - and what proportion of them that would have deposition. Our results suggest that more than 70% of these sequences would have been trivial to identify to at least the order/family level at the time of sequence deposition, hinting that factors other than poor availability of relevant reference sequences explain the low-resolution names. We speculate that researchers' perceived lack of time and lack of insight into the ramifications of this problem are the main explanations for the low-resolution names. We were surprised to find that more than a fifth of these sequences seem to have been deposited by mycologists rather than researchers unfamiliar with the consequences of poorly annotated fungal sequences in molecular repositories. The proportion of these needlessly poorly annotated sequences does not decline over time, suggesting that this problem must not be left unchecked.
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| 4. |
- Arnell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Naturvägledning i Sverige - en översikt
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvägledning handlar om att förmedla kunskap om och väcka känslor för naturen och kulturlandskapet. Naturvägledare finns i många verksamheter och kallas ofta för något annat i sin vardag: naturguide, museipedagog, ekoturismföretagare, naturinformatör. Centrum för naturvägledning presenterar i rapporten Naturvägledning i Sverige en bred översikt över begrepp, historik, och pågående aktiviteter inom svensk naturvägledning, med en internationell utblick. Rapporten bygger bland annat på intervjuer och enkäter med cirka 100 personer, som ger sin bilder av mål, glädjeämnen och utmaningar med arbetet som naturvägledare.
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| 5. |
- Bacou, Marion, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Preclinical Ultrasound Imaging Techniques to Identify and Image Sentinel Lymph Nodes in a Cancerous Animal Model
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lymph nodes (LNs) are believed to be the first organs targeted by colorectal cancer cells detached from a primary solid tumor because of their role in draining interstitial fluids. Better detection and assessment of these organs have the potential to help clinicians in stratification and designing optimal design of oncological treatments for each patient. Whilst highly valuable for the detection of primary tumors, CT and MRI remain limited for the characterization of LNs. B-mode ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can improve the detection of LNs and could provide critical complementary information to MRI and CT scans; however, the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) guidelines advise that further evidence is required before US or CEUS can be recommended for clinical use. Moreover, knowledge of the lymphatic system and LNs is relatively limited, especially in preclinical models. In this pilot study, we have created a mouse model of metastatic cancer and utilized 3D high-frequency ultrasound to assess the volume, shape, and absence of hilum, along with CEUS to assess the flow dynamics of tumor-free and tumor-bearing LNs in vivo. The aforementioned parameters were used to create a scoring system to predict the likelihood of a disease-involved LN before establishing post-mortem diagnosis with histopathology. Preliminary results suggest that a sum score of parameters may provide a more accurate diagnosis than the LN size, the single parameter currently used to predict the involvement of an LN in disease.
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| 6. |
- Benavente, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of lipid extraction and processing conditions on hydrothermal conversion of microalgae feedstocks – Effect on hydrochar composition, secondary char formation and phytotoxicity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of lipid extraction of microalgae feedstocks subjected to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with regard to the carbonization degree, chemical composition and phytotoxicity of hydrochars produced under different reaction temperatures and residence times. Special attention was given to the formation and composition of secondary char, as this part of the hydrochar may be of particular importance for environmental and technical applications. A microalgae polyculture grown in municipal wastewater was extracted to retrieve lipids, and both unextracted (MA) and extracted microalgae (EMA) were used to produce hydrochars at 180–240 °C for 1–4 h. The composition of the hydrochars was thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. MA exhibited a greater carbonization degree than EMA and contained higher amounts of secondary char under the same processing conditions. During the carbonization of EMA, more decomposition products remained in the liquid phase and less polymerization occurred than for MA, which explained the lower solid yield of EMA-derived hydrochars in comparison to MA hydrochars. Consequently, although they contained potentially toxic substances (i.e., carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones), the EMA-derived hydrochars exhibited a lower phytotoxic potential. This indicates that low-temperature hydrochars containing less than 10% of extractives might be suitable as soil amendments, whereas extractive-rich hydrochars would be more appropriate for other long-term applications, such as adsorbents for contaminant removal, energy storage and composite materials. Detailed characterization of microalgae-derived hydrochars is required to enable the most suitable application areas to be identified for these materials, and thereby make full use of their function as carbon sinks.
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| 7. |
- Bjärsholm, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study on exercise habits and mental health among Swedish police students
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionIn Sweden, police education should promote students’ physical activity and mental health. According to national goals, police students should be provided with sufficient conditions to develop and maintain advantageous exercise habits and tools to handle various mentally and physically demanding tasks. The national goals also state that students’ physical fitness must be better at graduation than what the requirements are for admission (see Krugly et al., 2022). Although the improvement of students’ physical fitness and mental health are national goals, there is a general lack of knowledge regarding: 1) police students physical and mental health, especially from a Swedish perspective; and 2) how well police education promotes students’ level of physical activity during education. Against this background, the aim is to explore police students’ mental health and level of physical activity during police education in Sweden.MethodsThe data derives from the largest project in Sweden on police students’ physical and mental health, and consists of longitudinal data on police students answers of a self-rated questionnaire about exercise habits and mental health (N = 785). The data used in this study was gathered between 2019–2021, and consisted of four data collection points, from two police educations in Sweden. The analysis was conducted in two steps. First, exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to create scales for mental health orientation. Second, these scales, together with the variable exercise habits, were used as outcome variables in t-tests, X2 test and ANOVA. Effect size measurements were calculated and interpreted based on established guidelines.ResultsThe results show high psychometric support for two scales named positive health orientation and negative health orientation. Based on the scales and the variable of exercise habits, three primarily results emerge: 1) the levels of physical training for men decrease during education; 2) there are gender differences showing that women have a more negative health orientation; and, 3) the positive mental health orientation decreases during education for both men and women.DiscussionSwedish police education should prepare students for physically and mentally demanding work. However, as this study concludes, this tends to not be the case, especially given that both the level of physical activity and the positive mental health orientation decrease during education. This raises questions on whether the Swedish police education is doing “enough” to provide the students with adequate conditions for improving their mental and physical health.Krugly, S., Bjärsholm, D., Jansson, A., Rosendal Hansen, A., Hansson, O., Brehm, K., Datmo, A., Hafsteinsson Östenberg, A., & Vikman, J. (2022). A retrospective study of physical fitness and mental health among police students in Sweden. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles. doi.org/10.1177/0032258X221089576
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| 8. |
- Brydegaard, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
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Short-Wave infrared atmospheric scheimpflug lidar
- 2018
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. ; 176
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric dual-band Scheimpflug lidar is demonstrated at 980 and 1550 nm. Signals are compared during three weather conditions, and the spatio-temporal resolution of the atmospheric structure is considered. The potential for aerosol classification is evaluated, and future directions are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Brydegaard, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
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The Scheimpflug lidar method
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring 2017. - : SPIE. - 9781510612693 ; 10406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent several years we developed the Scheimpflug lidar method. We combined an invention from the 19th century with modern optoelectronics such as diode lasers and CMOS array from the 21st century. The approach exceeds expectations of background suppression, sensitivity and resolution beyond known from time-of-flight lidars. We accomplished multiband elastic atmospheric lidars for resolving single particles and aerosol plumes from 405 nm to 1550 nm. We pursued hyperspectral differential absorption lidar for molecular species. We demonstrated a simple method of inelastic hyperspectral lidar for profiling aquatic environments and vegetation structure. Not least, we have developed polarimetric Scheimpflug lidar with multi-kHz sampling rates for remote modulation spectroscopy and classification of aerofauna. All these advances are thanks to the Scheimpflug principle. Here we give a review of how far we have come and shed light on the limitations and opportunities for future directions. In particular, we show how the biosphere can be resolved with unsurpassed resolution in space and time, and share our expectation on how this can revolutionize ecological analysis and management in relation to agricultural pests, disease vectors and pollinator problematics.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Per, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvård - erfarenheter från andra länder
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste femton åren kan man notera ett uppvaknande hos politiker i flera länder när det gäller behovet av att göra prioriteringar i hälso- och sjukvården. I själva verket har ransonering skett i alla tider. Sådan kan dock föregås av mer eller mindre medvetna och systematiska prioriteringar. När svenska politiker i likhet med sina kollegor i andra länder började prata om behovet av att göra prioriteringar handlade det om att göra dem mer öppet än vad som gällt tidigare. Det har dock visat sig svårt att agera öppet på grund av mängd orsaker. Avsaknaden av enhetliga begrepp, svårt att bestämma vilka kriterier för rättvisa som skall användas och en oförståelse från allmänheten att hälso- och sjukvård ska begränsas på något sätt är exempel på sådana svårigheter. För att övervinna dessa svårigheter har man valt olika strategier i de länder som på allvar försökt göra sina prioriteringar mer öppna. I några länder har man valt att fokusera på att utveckla en gemensam värdegrund medan andra valt att utveckla medborgardialogen. I ytterligare andra länder väljer man att undvika att tala öppet om prioriteringar.I den internationella debatten är det framförallt de amerikanska etikerna Norman Daniels och James Sabin teorier om diskursiv rättvisa som fått ett stort genomslag. De menar att vi aldrig kommer att kunna nå en fullständig enighet om vilka principer som skall gälla vid nödvändiga prioriteringar. Istället anser de att det borde vara möjligt att nå större acceptans om ett prioriteringsbeslut fattats på ett sätt som flertalet anser som legitimt och rättvist. Förutom kravet på öppenhet är det enligt Daniels och Sabin viktigt att grunderna för besluten uppfattas som relevanta. Ett sätt för beslutsfattare att uppnå detta är att alliera sig med andra grupper som åtnjuter viss legitimitet t ex att politiker och vårdpersonal samarbetar. Ett annat sätt kan vara att rationalisera svåra beslut; d v s ge dem karaktär av att vara rationella. Här spelar tillgången på fakta om olika hälso- och sjukvårdsinsatsers effekter och patientnytta en stor roll.Andra forskare menar att prioriteringar av sjukvård alltid innehåller ett stort mått av värderingar och individuella variationer mellan olika patienter. Därför kan man inte grunda sina ställningstaganden på vetenskapliga studier och utarbeta riktlinjer utan istället låta sig styras av vedertagna etiska principer. I Sverige gäller sedan 1997 principen att de med stora behov av vård i första hand skall garanteras vård. Denna princip liksom principen om människors lika värde och kostnadseffektivitet som Riksdagen tagit ställning till är ett försök få igång en bred dialog kring prioriteringar men även att bidra med en plattform för mer öppna och legitima prioriteringar i hälso- och sjukvården. I praktiken visar det sig svårt att omsätta allmänna principer i det dagliga beslutsfattandet.I Sverige efterlyser läkare och andra vårdgrupper tydligare riktlinjer för att kunna ta sitt ansvar för prioriteringar. Den aktuella genomgången visar att man nått olika långt när det gäller öppenheten i de länder som ingår i vår undersökning.Norge var tidigt ute med att utarbeta riktlinjer för prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvården. Redan år 1987 avlämnade regeringen en offentlig utredning (NOU 1987:23) i ämnet (Lönning I). Tio år senare återkom regeringen med ytterligare tankar och förslag i NOU 1997:18 (Lönning II). Liksom i alla västländer har den norska hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn haft kostnadsproblem. I synnerhet under 1990-talet tycks kostnaderna ha vuxit i en snabbare takt än vad tillgängliga resurser har tillåtit. En öppen prioritering i enlighet med Lönning-utredningarna tycks dock inte ha varit lösningen på detta dilemma. Genomgången av den norska hälso- och sjukvården ger inget stöd för att dessa tankar fått genomslag i vården. I Norge har man istället försökt lösa problemen med en omfattande strukturförändring som i korthet inneburit att staten genom de regionala hälsoföretagen tagit ett än fastare grepp om den specialiserade sjukhusvården. I de dokument som ligger till grund för den nya ordningen finns dock klara viljeyttringar om att de principer och diskussioner om öppna prioriteringar som finns i både Lönning I och Lönning II ska genomsyra vården framöver. Särskilt omfattande konkret och praktiskt prioriteringsarbete tycks emellertid inte pågå inom ramen för det nya statliga huvudmannaskapet. Införande av en rättighetslag för slutenvård på sjukhus ställer dock krav på en tydligare avgränsning av det offentliga åtagandet. Inte heller inom andra hälso- och sjukvårdssektorer tycks aktiviteterna vara särskilt omfattande.Förändringar av detta slag tar dock lång tid. Det Nationella rådet för prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvården som har till uppgift att vara regeringens rådgivande organ ska utveckla principer och metoder för prioriteringar inom hela hälso- och sjukvårdsområdet, både det statliga och det kommunala. Genom rådet har prioriteringsarbetet kommit alltmer i fokus i den omfattande strukturförändring som norsk hälso- och sjukvård genomgår.Nya Zeeland var liksom Norge tidigt med att diskutera prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvården på ett öppet och medvetet sätt. I samband med en genomgripande förändring av sjukvårdssystemet i början av 1990-talet påbörjade regeringen ett samtal om gränserna för det offentliga åtagandet och behovet av prioriteringar. Man valde metoder som involverade både sjukvårdspersonal och medborgare. Drygt tio år senare kan man konstatera att det nya zeeländska försöket bara delvis realiserats. Prioriteringar som var tänkta att göras genom att definiera en kärna av sjukvårdstjänster som skulle finansieras offentligt utifrån fastställda kriterier kom aldrig riktigt till stånd.Ekonomin vände, en regering med en annan majoritet tillträdde år 1999 och hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn tillfördes ytterligare medel. Under de första åren på 2000-talet har sjukvården blivit tillförsäkrad resurser motsvarande en utgiftsökning för staten med 21 procent på tre år. Intresset för att diskutera prioriteringar och rättvisefrågor har därmed falnat.Samtidigt kan man konstatera att diskussionen och det arbete som lades ner från början av 1990-talet och framåt har haft viss effekt. Det finns idag en medvetenhet om att det är nödvändigt att se över hur åtminstone tillskottet av resurser som sektorn tilldelas ska fördelas. Arbete pågår både centralt i Ministry of Health och regionalt i de nytillskapade District Health Boards att finna metoder och fördelningsnycklar för hur nytillskottet av pengar ska användas på bästa sätt med de fyra prioriteringskriterierna som formulerades redan i början av 90-talet som grund. Samtalet med befolkningen fortsätter i nya former i första hand genom de nya distriktsstyrelserna.Storbritannien uppvisar relativt låga ambitioner när det gäller att utveckla former för öppna prioriteringar. Det beror dels på att majoriteten av sjukvård fördelas genom en politiskt styrd organisation och dels på den starka symboliska roll som National Health Service (NHS) intar i det brittiska samhället. NHS är en av få organisationer i ett ganska ojämlikt samhälle som alltid har stått för principen om jämlikhet – vård efter behov och inte betalningsförmåga. Det har därför varit särskilt känsligt för politikerna på den nationella nivån att öppet diskutera att utesluta vissa vårdåtgärder.På den lokala nivån inom den offentliga sjukvården har dock beslutsfattare prövat olika former för en mer öppen prioritering. Det finns ingen klar linje utan det förekommer stora lokala variationer, där vissa sjukvårdsområden försökt gå i riktning mot en tydlig process där motiven bakom prioriteringar tydliggörs för allmänheten. Hur framtiden kommer att te sig i detta avseende är svårt att uttala sig om då den lokala beställarorganisationen befinner sig i en period av omställning, där de läkardominerade Primary Care Trusts håller på att ta över ansvaret från de traditionella ”health authorities”.Den nuvarande brittiska regeringen har valt en strategi för att lösa brister i NHS med mer pengar och effektivisering. I fallet med prioriteringar har politikerna lämnat över ansvaret till allehanda expertorgan, helt i linje med uppfattningen att god evidens ska leda till mer självklara avvägningar inom den lokala sjukvården. I vilken utsträckning den verksamhet som bedrivs inom expertorganet NICE kommer att underlätta prioriteringar är dock oklart. En effekt blir också att den lokala sjukvården måste implementera de nya medicinska metoder som av NICE bedöms vara kostnadseffektiva. Att detta leder till att nya prioriteringar aktualiseras är givet.NICE löser inte det grundläggande dilemma som en heltäckande offentlig sjukvårdsorganisation, som brittiska NHS, står inför, nämligen att kraven på organisationen tenderar att hela tiden öka. Trots en del försök med konsultation av medborgare i frågor om prioritering finns dock inget som tyder på att den brittiska allmänheten stöder uppfattningen att den offentliga hälso- och sjukvården måste begränsa sitt åtagande.Liksom i flera andra länder väcktes frågan om öppna prioriteringar i Nederländerna under en tid av dålig offentlig ekonomi. På samma sätt som i Sverige mynnade diskussionen ut i ett politiskt dokument med höga ambitioner rörande öppenhet och prioriteringsprinciper (den s k Dunningkommitténs slutrapport). Trots vissa försök att begränsa det samhälleliga åtagandet inom hälso- och sjukvården har de flesta tjänster som genom politiska beslut lyfts ut ur förmånssystemet lyfts tillbaka igen efter påtryckningar. Kostnadskontrollen har följd
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| 11. |
- Cervenka, Iris, et al.
(författare)
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Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women : The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:12, s. 3267-3280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country‐specific self‐administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline‐significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (phomogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (ptrend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (phomogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.
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| 12. |
- Evertsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Extending imaging range in magnetomotive ultrasound with tailored magnetic nanoparticles
- 2020
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Ingår i: IUS 2020 - International Ultrasonics Symposium, Proceedings. - 1948-5727 .- 1948-5719. - 9781728154480 ; 2020-September
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used as a contrast agent. A time-varying magnetic field displaces the MNPs which in turn move their closest surrounding - a motion detected with ultrasound. A limiting factor for MMUS is the magnetic force magnitude decay with depth, which restricts the imaging area. Several attempts to extend the imaging depth have been suggested, such as magnetic field generator configuration or choice of MNP core materials. In this study we present a new approach by modifying the design of the contrast agent using a commercially available nanoparticle with a nano-flower shaped iron oxide core (synomag®-D, micromod, Germany). In order to evaluate the performance of this particle, a conventional particle (perimag®, micromod, Germany), was used for comparison. Using an electromagnet with a cone shaped iron core as a field generator, the induced MMUS displacement of the two MNP varieties where analyzed when altering the magnetic field strength and magnetic field frequency. Further, by using a more clinically relevant magnetic field setup, the depth where the synomag MNPs could produce significant MMUS displacement, was evaluated. The synomag MNPs produced a 1.8 times larger displacement than the perimag MNPs. At 52mm, MMUS displacement was still detectable using synomag MNPs. This indicates that the particle design plays an important role in MMUS imaging. Moreover, this study also confirms that MMUS imaging at clinically relevant depths is possible.
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| 13. |
- Evertsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Revolving permanent magnet causes rotating particle motion that makes new detection schemes possible in magnetomotive ultrasound
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2019. - 1948-5727 .- 1948-5719. - 9781728145976 - 9781728145969 ; 2019-October, s. 2373-2375
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetomotive ultrasound, MMUS, can reveal the presence of a magnetic contrast agent by applying an external magnetic field. If the interaction between the agent and the field is strong enough, a movement that can be detected by ultrasound is induced in the surrounding tissue, thereby inferring the contrast agent distribution. Electromagnets have been used to generate the necessary magnetic field, but due to their size, weight, and propensity to heat up, they are impractical to work with. Furthermore, the resulting magnetic force is directed mainly along the symmetry axis of such magnets, and thus the resulting movement is primarily a one-dimensional oscillation. We suggest the use of a rotating permanent magnet that generates a two-dimensional particle motion, and that this makes new detection schemes for MMUS possible. A prototype probe, containing a rotating neodymium magnet, was used to move a metallic sphere embedded in tissue-mimicking material. Cine loops recorded any in-plane movement with the magnetic probe placed in two different positions. A two-dimensional movement was demonstrated, using both our previously developed MMUS algorithm as well as a phase-based motion tracking algorithm. The conventional 1D MMUS processing detected the axial component in both magnetic probe positions, whereas the two-dimensional motion tracking algorithm estimated a rotational motion from the same measurements. The added dimension of motion could engender possibilities to more precise signal processing and thus improve robustness of magnetomotive motion detection. Moreover, the incorporation of a permanent magnet makes for a more practical device, as compared to using electromagnets.
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| 14. |
- Jansson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and exercise habits among police students in Sweden : a three-year retrospective study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the First European Conference on Law Enforcement and Public Health, Umeå 2023. - : Enheten för polisutbildning, Umeåuniversitet. - 9789180701099
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Working as a police officer involves mentally and physically demanding tasks. During the Swedish police education, students should be provided with sufficient conditions to develop and maintain advantageous exercise habits and tools to handle mentally and physically demanding tasks (see Krugly et al., 2022). However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding Swedish police students exercise habits and overall mental- and physical health.The aim is to explore police students’ mental health and physical activity levels during police education in Sweden.The data consisted of police students answers of a self-rated questionnaire about their physical and mental health. The data used in this study was gathered between 2019–2021, and consist of four data collection points, from two police educations in Sweden. The analysis was conducted in two steps. First, exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to create scales for health orientation. Second, these scales were used as outcome variables in t-tests, X2 test and ANOVA. Effect size measurements (Cohens, d, Crames V and Phi) were calculated and interpreted based on well establish guidelines.Two scales were developed (i.e. positive health orientation and negative health orientation), and both showed high psychometric support. Based on the scales, two primarily results emerged: 1) results showed that women had a more negative health orientation in general and that positive health orientation, for both genders, decreased between semesters one to four; and 2) more women conducted two hours (or more) per week of physical exercise. Moreover, physical training among men decreased continuously during their education.Conclusions and ImplicationsBased on the results, this study questions whether police education in Sweden doing enough to prepare students for a mentally and physically demanding profession.
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| 15. |
- Jansson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and exercise habits among police students in Sweden : A three-year retrospective study
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Police Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 0032-258X .- 1740-5599.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to explore police students’ self-rated mental health and physical activity levels and the relationship between them. Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional data (N = 722), two scales on mental health orientation were developed. The scales and levels of physical activity were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and X2. During police education, (1) the level of physical activity decreases for men, (2) there is a decline in positive health orientation for both sexes, and (3) women report a more negative health orientation. This raises questions regarding whether “enough” is done to provide police students with sufficient conditions for improving their health.
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| 16. |
- Jansson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and exercise habits among police students in Sweden : A three-year retrospective study
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Police Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 0032-258X .- 1740-5599. ; , s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to explore police students’ self-rated mental health and physical activity levels and the relationship between them. Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional data (N = 722), two scales on mental health orientation were developed. The scales and levels of physical activity were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and X2. During police education, (1) the level of physical activity decreases for men, (2) there is a decline in positive health orientation for both sexes, and (3) women report a more negative health orientation. This raises questions regarding whether “enough” is done to provide police students with sufficient conditions for improving their health.
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| 17. |
- Jansson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Träningsråd till dig som ska genomföra tester av fysisk förmåga på Plikt- och prövningsverket
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På Plikt- och prövningsverket genomförs flera olika tester. När det kommer till att testa de prövandes fysiska förmåga används bland annat ett konditionstest på cykel och ett isokinetiskt styrketest som kallas Isokai. I den här texten ges information om testerna, grundläggande träningsråd för att klara dessa samt råd inför fortsatt träning. Råden är uppdelade i två delar. I den första delen beskrivs träningsråd för styrketräning och i den andra för konditionsträning.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Jansson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Subventionering av läkemedel : förutsättningar för öppna och legitima beslutsprocesser i Läkemedelsförmånsnämnden
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I oktober 2002 inrättades en ny svensk myndighet - Läkemedelsförmånsnämnden (LFN) - som har till uppgift att bedöma vilka läkemedel som ska subventioneras av allmänna medel utifrån läkemedelsföretagens ansökningar. Dessutom ska myndigheten verka för att prioriteringar i svensk hälso- och sjukvård ska bli mer öppna.I denna rapport redogörs för LFN:s beslutsprocess i samband med subventionsbeslut för originalläkemedel under år 2003 dels ur ett strukturellt perspektiv och dels ur ett processperspektiv. Syftet är att undersöka huruvida beslutsprocessen ger upphov till en öppen, rättvis och legitim prioriteringsprocess. Dessutom granskas olika intressenters påverkan på LFN:s myndighetsutövning, samt vilka faktorer som ökar respektive minskar förutsättningarna för öppna och legitima prioriteringar inom den svenska läkemedelsförmånen.LFN:s subventionsbeslut av receptläkemedel bedöms i hög grad uppfylla de fastställda kriterierna för öppna, rättvisa och legitima beslutsprocesser, men det finns fortfarande möjligheter att öka insynen i beslutsprocessen. Framför allt bör myndigheten fortsätta sitt arbete med att specificera vilken relativ betydelse de uppställda beslutskriterierna har i varje enskilt subventionsbeslut och definiera var myndigheten sätter sin gräns för vad som definieras som kostnadseffektivt. För att stärka legitimiteten i beslutsprocessen bör LFN även intensifiera sitt arbete med att föra ut kunskap och information till framför allt förskrivare och patienter. Dessutom bör nämnden explicit visa att förväntade konsekvenser av olika beslut har övervägts. Så länge ansökan omfattas av sekretesslagstiftningen torde det dock i praktiken vara svårt för LFN att i någon större omfattning öka insynen och deltagandet i själva beslutsprocessen.LFN:s genomgång av det totala läkemedelssortimentet kan förväntas leda till större konflikter med andra intressenter då läkemedel som redan används av patienter kan komma att lyftas ut ur läkemedelsförmånerna. Detta talar för att det i framtiden kommer att bli än viktigare för myndigheten att fortsätta sitt arbete med att legitimera den beslutsprocess som kringgärdar subventionsbeslut av receptläkemedel.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Krugly, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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A retrospective study of physical fitness and mental health among police students in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Police Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 0032-258X .- 1740-5599. ; 96:3, s. 430-450
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the physical and mental health among police students. Based on data on Swedish police students’ physical fitness (N = 1736) and mental health (N = 407), the results show that: (a) there are gender differences; (b) the physical fitness changes during police education; in general, the students get stronger but less flexible, and the aerobic endurance increases for women but decreases for men; and (c) students’ self-reported physical activity and mental health affect their perceived police ability differently in re- lation to gender. Consequently, this study questions if the Swedish police education is preparing the students adequately for their future profession.
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| 24. |
- Mahamat-Saleh, Yahya, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of skin cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC)
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 152:3, s. 348-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental evidence suggests that alcohol induces cutaneous carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological studies on the link between alcohol intake and skin cancer have been inconsistent. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a prospective cohort initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Alcohol intake at baseline and average lifetime alcohol intake were assessed using validated country-specific dietary and lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in Cox models. A total of 14 037 skin cancer cases (melanoma: n = 2457; basal-cell carcinoma (BCC): n = 8711; squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC): n = 1928; unknown: n = 941) were identified among 450 112 participants (average follow-up: 15 years). Baseline alcohol intake was positively associated with SCC (>15 vs 0.1-4.9 g/day: HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17-1.77; Ptrend =.001), BCC (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.23; Ptrend =.04), and melanoma risks in men (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.95-1.44; Ptrend =.17), while associations were more modest in women (SCC: HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.90-1.30; Ptrend =.13; BCC: HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.17, Ptrend =.03; melanoma: HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.80-1.08, Ptrend =.13). Associations were similar for lifetime alcohol intake, with an attenuated linear trend. Lifetime liquor/spirit intake was positively associated with melanoma (fourth vs first quartile: HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.08-1.99; Ptrend =.0009) and BCC risks in men (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04-1.31; Ptrend =.14). Baseline and lifetime intakes of wine were associated with BCC risk (HR = 1.25 in men; HR = 1.11-1.12; in women). No statistically significant associations were found between beverage types and SCC risk. Intake of beer was not associated with skin cancer risk. Our study suggests positive relationships between alcohol intake and skin cancer risk, which may have important implications for the primary prevention of skin cancer.
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| 25. |
- Malmqvist, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Effective parameterization of laser radar observations of atmospheric fauna
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X. ; 22:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pace at which the world's ecosystems and biodiversity of, e.g., pollinators decline is currently at a rate where it is challenging to document. In recent years, our group has made an effort to bridge the disciplines of laser remote sensing and biophotonics, and we have developed lidar methods for inventorying the biosphere. Here, we present an effective method for extracting fauna observations from atmospheric lidar data and reducing the observations to a set of descriptive parameters. Kilohertz-lidar data are used, the essential steps are walked through and a glimpse of the obtainable data product is presented.
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| 26. |
- Nicolas, Aude, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 97:6, s. 1268-1283.e6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Sjostrand, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast enhanced magneto-motive ultrasound in lymph nodes-modelling and pre-clinical imaging using magnetic microbubbles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2022. - 1557-170X. - 9781728127828 ; 2022-July, s. 194-197
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite advances in MRI, the detection and characterisation of lymph nodes in rectal cancer remains complex, especially when assessing the response to neo-adjuvant treatment. An alternative approach is functional imaging, previously shown to aid characterization of cancer tissues. We report proof-of-concept of the novel technique Contrast-Enhanced Magneto-Motive Ultrasound (CE-MMUS) to recover information relating to local perfusion and lymphatic drainage, and interrogate tissue mechanical properties through magnetically induced tissue deformations. The feasibility of the proposed application was explored using a combination of pre-clinical ultrasound imaging and finite element analysis. First, contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging on one wild type mouse recorded lymphatic drainage of magnetic microbubbles after bolus injection. Second, preliminary CE-MMUS data were acquired as a proof of concept. Third, the magneto-mechanical interactions of a magnetic microbubble with an elastic solid were simulated using finite element software. Accumulation of magnetic microbubbles in the inguinal lymph node was verified using contrast enhanced ultrasound, with peak enhancement occurring 3.7 s post-injection. Preliminary CE-MMUS indicates the presence of magnetic contrast agent in the lymph node. The finite element analysis explores how the magnetic force is transferred to motion of the solid, which depends on elasticity and bubble radius, indicating an inverse relation with displacement. Combining magnetic microbubbles with MMUS could harness the advantages of both techniques, to provide perfusion information, robust lymph node delineation and characterisation based on mechanical properties. Clinical Relevance-Robust detection and characterisation of lymph nodes could be aided by visualising lymphatic drainage of magnetic microbubbles using contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging and magneto-motion, which is dependent on tissue mechanical properties.
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| 30. |
- Sjostrand, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast-enhanced magnetomotive ultrasound imaging (CE-MMUS) for colorectal cancer staging : Assessment of sensitivity and resolution to detect alterations in tissue stiffness
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2019. - 1948-5719 .- 1948-5727. - 9781728145976 - 9781728145969 ; 2019-October, s. 1077-1080
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key challenge in the treatment of colorectal cancer is identification of the sentinel draining lymph node. Magnetomotive ultrasound, MMUS, has identified lymph nodes in rat models: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) accumulated in the lymph are forced to oscillate by an external magnetic field; the resulting axial displacement is recovered allowing structure delineation with potential to indicate alterations in tissue stiffness, but it is limited by small vibration amplitudes. We propose CE-MMUS using SPION loaded microbubbles (SPION-MBs) to enhance sensitivity, reduce toxicity, and offer additional diagnostic or perfusion information. Laser doppler vibrometry measurements was performed on SPION containing tissue mimicking material during magnetic excitation. These measurements show a vibration amplitude of 279 ± 113 μm in a material with Young's modulus of 24.3 ± 2.8 kPa, while the displacements were substantially larger, 426 ± 9 μm, in the softer material, with a Young's modulus of 9.6 ± 0.8 kPa. Magnetic field measurement data was used to calibrate finite element modelling of both MMUS and CE-MMUS. SPION-MBs were shown to be capable of inducing larger tissue displacements under a given magnetic field than SPIONs alone, leading to axial displacements of up to 2.3x larger. A doubling in tissue stiffness (as may occur in cancer) reduces the vibration amplitude. Thus, there is potential for CE-MMUS to achieve improved stiffness sensitivity. Our aim is to define the potential contribution of CE-MMUS in colorectal cancer diagnosis and surgical guidance.
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| 31. |
- Sjostrand, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Revolving Permanent Magnet for Magnetomotive Ultrasound
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2018. - 9781538634257 ; 2018-October
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS), solenoids have been extensively used to generate varying magnetic fields, that act to move nanoparticles and their surrounding tissue. Here we show, compare and contrast two magnetic devices, one based on a solenoid, another containing a rotating permanent magnet. Suitable field characteristics for this application include high flux density and gradient, and uniform field laterally in the image plane, and the corresponding design features are highlighted. Field measurements show that both magnets generate suitable fields. The magnetic force potentially exerted by the permanent magnet even exceeds that of the solenoid up to a depth of 4 mm. Considering the substantial heat generation in high inductance electromagnets, a permanent magnet would be preferable as it eliminates the need for cooling. Thus, we suggest the use of permanent magnets in MMUS devices to reduce the size, while maintaining a high field and gradient required to move nanoparticles.
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| 32. |
- Sjöstrand, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Displacement Patterns in Magnetomotive Ultrasound Explored by Finite Element Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-5629. ; 48:2, s. 333-345
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetomotive ultrasound is an emerging technique that enables detection of magnetic nanoparticles. This has implications for ultrasound molecular imaging, and potentially addresses clinical needs regarding determination of metastatic infiltration of the lymphatic system. Contrast is achieved by a time-varying magnetic field that sets nanoparticle-laden regions in motion. This motion is governed by vector-valued mechanical and magnetic forces. Understanding how these forces contribute to observed displacement patterns is important for the interpretation of magnetomotive ultrasound images. Previous studies have captured motion adjacent to nanoparticle-laden regions that was attributed to diamagnetism. While diamagnetism could give rise to a force, it cannot fully account for the observed displacements in magnetomotive ultrasound. To isolate explanatory variables of the observed displacements, a finite element model is set up. Using this model, we explore potential causes of the unexplained motion by comparing numerical models with earlier experimental findings. The simulations reveal motion outside particle-laden regions that could be attributed to mechanical coupling and the principle of mass conservation. These factors produced a motion that counterbalanced the time-varying magnetic excitation, and whose extent and distribution was affected by boundary conditions as well as compressibility and stiffness of the surroundings. Our findings emphasize the importance of accounting for the vector-valued magnetic force in magnetomotive ultrasound imaging. In an axisymmetric geometry, that force can be represented by a simple scalar expression, an oversimplification that rapidly becomes inaccurate with distance from the symmetry axis. Additionally, it results in an underestimation of the vertical force component by up to 30%. We therefore recommend using the full vector-valued force to capture the magnetic interaction. This study enhances our understanding of how forces govern magnetic nanoparticle displacement in tissue, contributing to accurate analysis and interpretation of magnetomotive ultrasound imaging.
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| 33. |
- Sjöstrand, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cellular stress responses in magnetomotive ultrasound
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 17:14, s. 1013-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early and accurate diagnoses are important for successful cancer treatment. Lymph node involvement is often critical, and magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) has been proposed for its detection and characterization. MMUS relies on a magnetic contrast agent, for example, iron oxide nanoparticles, delivered to the tissue of interest, magnetically set in motion and detected using ultrasound. The magneto-mechanical interaction has not previously been evaluated on a cellular level. Here we demonstrate uptake and dose-dependent retention of magnetic nanoparticles in two human adenocarcinoma cell lines, with <10% cytotoxicity which did not increase following magnetic excitation. Further, the oxidative stress levels were not affected by magnetic particles or force. Thus, we found no evidence of adverse effects from the magneto-mechanical interactions under these conditions.
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| 34. |
- Sjöstrand, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetomotive Ultrasound Imaging Systems : Basic Principles and First Applications
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-5629. ; 46:10, s. 2636-2650
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review discusses magnetomotive ultrasound, which is an emerging technique that uses superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a contrast agent. The key advantage of using nanoparticle-based contrast agents is their ability to reach extravascular targets, whereas commercial contrast agents for ultrasound comprise microbubbles confined to the blood stream. This also extends possibilities for molecular imaging, where the contrast agent is labeled with specific targeting molecules (e.g., antibodies) so that pathologic tissue may be visualized directly. The principle of action is that an external time-varying magnetic field acts to displace the nanoparticles lodged in tissue and thereby their immediate surrounding. This movement is then detected with ultrasound using frequency- or time-domain analysis of echo data. As a contrast agent already approved for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by the US Food and Drug Administration, there is a shorter path to clinical translation, although safety studies of magnetomotion are necessary, especially if particle design is altered to affect biodistribution or signal strength. The external modulated magnetic field may be generated by electromagnets, permanent magnets, or a combination of the two. The induced nanoparticle motion may also reveal mechanical material properties of tissue, healthy or diseased, one of several interesting potential future aspects of the technique.
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| 35. |
- Sjöstrand, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling of magnetic microbubbles to evaluate contrast enhanced magnetomotive ultrasound in lymph nodes – a pre-clinical study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0007-1285 .- 1748-880X. ; 95:1135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Despite advances in MRI the detection and characterisation of lymph nodes in rectal cancer remains complex, especially when assessing the response to neoadjuvant treatment. An alternative approach is functional imaging, previously shown to aid characterisation of cancer tissues. We report proof of concept of the novel technique Contrast-Enhanced Magneto-Motive Ultrasound (CE-MMUS) to recover information relating to local perfusion and lymphatic drainage, and interro-gate tissue mechanical properties through magnetically induced deformations. Methods: The feasibility of the proposed application was explored using a combination of experimental animal and phantom ultrasound imaging, along with finite element analysis. First, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging on one wild type mouse recorded lymphatic drainage of magnetic microbubbles after bolus injection. Second, tissue phantoms were imaged using MMUS to illustrate the force-and elasticity dependence of the magneto-motion. Third, the magnetomechanical interactions of a magnetic microbubble with an elastic solid were simu-lated using finite element software. Results: Accumulation of magnetic microbubbles in the inguinal lymph node was verified using contrast enhanced ultrasound, with peak enhancement occur-ring 3.7 s post-injection. The magnetic microbubble gave rise to displacements depending on force, elasticity, and bubble radius, indicating an inverse relation between displacement and the latter two. Conclusion: Combining magnetic microbubbles with MMUS could harness the advantages of both techniques, to provide perfusion information, robust lymph node delineation and characterisation based on mechanical properties. Advances in knowledge: (a) Lymphatic drainage of magnetic microbubbles visualised using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging and (b) magnetomechan-ical interactions between such bubbles and surrounding tissue could both contribute to (c) robust detection and characterisation of lymph nodes.
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| 36. |
- Weidemann, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
14th congress of combustion by-products and their health effects-origin, fate, and health effects of combustion-related air pollutants in the coming era of bio-based energy sources
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 23:8, s. 8141-8159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 14th International Congress on Combustion By-Products and Their Health Effects was held in UmeAyen, Sweden from June 14th to 17th, 2015. The Congress, mainly sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, focused on the Origin, fate and health effects of combustion-related air pollutants in the coming era of bio-based energy sources. The international delegates included academic and government researchers, engineers, scientists, policymakers and representatives of industrial partners. The Congress provided a unique forum for the discussion of scientific advances in this research area since it addressed in combination the health-related issues and the environmental implications of combustion by-products. The scientific outcomes of the Congress included the consensus opinions that: (a) there is a correlation between human exposure to particulate matter and increased cardiac and respiratory morbidity and mortality; (b) because currently available data does not support the assessment of differences in health outcomes between biomass smoke and other particulates in outdoor air, the potential human health and environmental impacts of emerging air-pollution sources must be addressed. Assessment will require the development of new approaches to characterize combustion emissions through advanced sampling and analytical methods. The Congress also concluded the need for better and more sustainable e-waste management and improved policies, usage and disposal methods for materials containing flame retardants.
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| 37. |
- Zetterberg, Andreas
(författare)
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Connecting the dots : Network analysis, landscape ecology, and practical application
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Humans have a profound impact on ecosystems, and land-use change constitutes a primary driving force in the loss of biodiversity. Habitat loss and fragmentation are key factors in this process by seriously impeding the habitat availability and movement of species, leading to a significant decrease in population viability. Landscape connectivity management able of crossing administrative and ecological spatial and temporal scales has been identified as one of the most important measures to counteract these negative impacts. The use of graph-theory and network-based landscape-ecological tools has become established as a promising way forward to address these issues. Despite urgent needs to adapt and implement such tools in planning, assessment and decision-making, surprisingly little attention has been paid to developing approaches for their effective practical application. This thesis presents the development of a toolbox with network-based, landscape-ecological methods and graph-theoretic indicators, which can be effectively implemented by practitioners within environmental assessment, physical planning and design, to analyze landscape connectivity. Recent advances in network analysis and landscape ecology are brought together and adapted for practical application, bridging the gap between science and practice. The use of participatory approaches was identified as key to successful development, and several workshops, meetings, interviews, as well as prototype testing of the developed software were conducted throughout the study. Input data and selection of species were based on the experience gained through seven real-world cases, commissioned by different governmental organizations within Stockholm County. The practitioners’ perspectives on effective practical application of the proposed toolbox were then assessed through an interview-study. The respondents anticipated improved communication with other actors in addition to being able to better assess critical ecological structures within the landscape. The toolbox was finally tested in a large-scale network analysis of impacts of the regional development plan (RUFS 2010), leading to important insights on the planning of connectivity in an urbanizing region.
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