| 1. |
- Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of swallowing dysfunction screened in Swedish cohort of COPD patients
- 2017
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 12, s. 331-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: COPD is a common problem associated with morbidity and mortality. COPD may also affect the dynamics and coordination of functions such as swallowing. A misdirected swallow may, in turn, result in the bolus entering the airway. A growing body of evidence suggests that a subgroup of people with COPD is prone to oropharyngeal dysphagia. The aim of this study was to evaluate swallowing dysfunction in patients with stable COPD and to determine the relation between signs and symptoms of swallowing dysfunction and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted). Methods: Fifty-one patients with COPD in a stable phase participated in a questionnaire survey, swallowing tests, and spirometry. A post-bronchodilator ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/best of forced vital capacity and vital capacity,0.7 was used to define COPD. Swallowing function was assessed by a questionnaire and two swallowing tests (water and cookie swallow tests). Results: Sixty-five percent of the patients reported subjective signs and symptoms of swallowing dysfunction in the questionnaire and 49% showed measurable ones in the swallowing tests. For the combined subjective and objective findings, 78% had a coexisting swallowing dysfunction. No significant difference was found between male and female patients. Conclusion: Swallowing function is affected in COPD patients with moderate to severe airflow limitation, and the signs and symptoms of this swallowing dysfunction were subjective, objective, or both.
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| 2. |
- Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Swallowing dysfunction in patients hospitalised due to a COPD exacerbation
- 2021
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 7:2, s. 00173-2021-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported and clinically screened swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia) in COPD patients with severe exacerbations and to identify any associated factors. Findings were then compared to a control group.Methods: Participants included 30 patients hospitalised due to a COPD exacerbation. The control group consisted of 30 adults hospitalised with acute cardiac symptoms. Data were derived from spirometry, the 150 mL timed water swallow test, a cookie swallow test and a dyspnoea questionnaire (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC)). Scores from the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) were calculated to assess patient perception of swallowing dysfunction.Results: Self-reported swallowing dysfunction and clinical signs thereof were more common in COPD patients than in the control group (67% versus 23% and 80% versus 37%, respectively; p <= 0.001). Clinical signs of swallowing dysfunction in the group with acute exacerbation of COPD were associated with self-reported swallowing dysfunction (p=0.02) and xerostomia (p=0.04). Dyspnoea (mMRC >= 2) was more common among the COPD patients (90% versus 47%, p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between lung function and self-reported dysphagia (r=-0.39, p=0.03), but not between lung function and clinically screened dysphagia (r=-0.23, p=0.21).Conclusion: COPD patients hospitalised with an acute exacerbation experienced significantly more self-reported and clinically screened swallowing dysfunction compared to a control group of patients with cardiac symptoms. Both patient groups experienced dyspnoea, but it was twice as common in the group with acute exacerbation of COPD. Both groups also experienced xerostomia.
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| 3. |
- Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, 1965-
(författare)
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Swallowing Dysfunction in Respiratory Diseases : Prevalence and risk factors in COPD and COVID-19
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: Swallowing dysfunction, dysphagia, is a common, sometimes dangerous, and often neglected problem that affects many people. The prevalence is estimated to be approximately 8% in the general population which makes it as common as e.g. diabetes or asthma. Dysphagia can cause serious complications like malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia and even death. The aims of this thesis were to gain further knowledge and a broader understanding of the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of swallowing dysfunction in patients with respiratory diseases. Specifically Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD, and COVID-19 after invasive mechanical ventilation.Study I is a prospective explorative study of 51 COPD patients in stable phase. Swallowing function was evaluated through a questionnaire and through two swallowing tests (water and a cookie) and lung function was measured through a spirometry. The prevalence of self- reported swallowing dysfunction was 65% and the screened prevalence was 49%. There was a negative correlation between lung function and both measurements of swallowing function, i.e. the poorer the lung function the more dysphagia symptoms.Study II is a cross-sectional multi-centre study where we examined the prevalence of self-reported swallowing dysfunction in 571 COPD patients. Additional tests were: spirometry, physical capacity, mMRC and CAT. Subjective swallowing symptoms were found in 33% of the patients. More prevalent in symptomatic patients and patients with lower physical capacity. A high score on the mMRC or CAT and a classification in GOLD groups B and D may be predictive of a swallowing dysfunction and should be addressed by the COPD nurse or physician.Study III is a cross-sectional study of 30 COPD patients hospitalized with a severe exacerbation. Their swallowing function was compared to a control group. The main results of this study were that the prevalence of swallowing dysfunction, both patient-reported and screened in patients hospitalised with a COPD exacerbation, was high. In addition, the AECOPD group was almost three times more likely to suffer from self-reported dysphagia compared to the control group.Study IV is a longitudinal cohort study of swallowing function in 28 COVID-19 patients post invasive mechanical ventilation. Dysphagia was found in 71% of the patients at baseline and it was associated with number of days in the hospital and in the ICU. At discharge from the hospital swallowing function and tolerance of oral intake had improved significantly.Conclusion: Swallowing dysfunction is prevalent both in COPD and in COVID-19 patients post invasive mechanical ventilation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Deliberato, Debora, et al.
(författare)
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Vocabulary comprehension and strategies in name construction among childrenusing aided communication
- 2018
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Ingår i: Augmentative and Alternative Communication. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0743-4618 .- 1477-3848. ; 34:1, s. 16-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vocabulary learning reflects the language experiences of the child, both in typical and atypical development, although the vocabulary development of children who use aided communication may differ from children who use natural speech. This study compared the performance of children using aided communication with that of peers using natural speech on two measures of vocabulary knowledge: comprehension of graphic symbols and labeling of common objects. There were 92 participants not considered intellectually disabled in the aided group. The reference group consisted of 60 participants without known disorders. The comprehension task consisted of 63 items presented individually in each participant's graphic system, together with four colored line drawings. Participants were required to indicate which drawing corresponded to the symbol. In the expressive labelling task, 20 common objects presented in drawings had to be named. Both groups indicated the correct drawing for most of the items in the comprehension tasks, with a small advantage for the reference group. The reference group named most objects quickly and accurately, demonstrating that the objects were common and easily named. The aided language group named the majority correctly and in addition used a variety of naming strategies; they required more time than the reference group. The results give insights into lexical processing in aided communication and may have implications for aided language intervention.
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| 6. |
- Edquist, Gertrud, et al.
(författare)
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Expressive vocabulary of school-age children with mild to moderately severe hearing loss
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The main goal of this study was to describe the expressive vocabulary of school-age children with mild to moderately severe hearing loss (CHL group) and to compare their performance with children with normal hearing (CNH group) of the same age. Another aim was to examine the interaction between nonword repetition and expressive vocabulary size. Furthermore, the interaction between results on vocabulary tests and background factors, such as the age of diagnosis, age of hearing aid fitting, and amount of hearing aid use, was explored. Method: School-aged children with mild to moderately severe, permanent bilateral hearing loss and children with normal hearing were included in this cross-sectional study. The children participated in assessments of naming pictures, defining words, and repetition of nonwords and sentences. Results of the CHL group and the CNH group were compared. The analysis also included the degree of hearing loss, the age of diagnosis, amount of hearing aid use, and level of parental education. Results: The CHL group performed significantly below the CNH group on all measures: picture naming, defining words, nonword repetition, and repetition of sentences. The proportion of words pronounced with correct phonological structure when picture naming was more limited in the CHL group than in the CNH group. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of hearing aid use and nonword repetition ability in the CHL group. Age of diagnosis and age of hearing aid fitting was not significantly correlated with the outcomes of the vocabulary assessments in this study.Conclusion: Despite the technological advancement of hearing aids, the expressive vocabulary in school-aged children with mild to moderately severe, permanent bilateral, hearing impairment does not reach the same level as for children with normal hearing, although there is a variation in performance within the group. The variation in the CHL group was not uniquely impacted by either age, degree of hearing loss, or the age of diagnosis. The amount of hearing aid use seems to impact the perception of new words. More studies of expressive vocabulary are needed, because they capture a dimension of word learning that seems particularly sensitive to hearing loss and hearing aid use.
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| 7. |
- Gabrielsson, Britt, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Depot-specific expression of fibroblast growth factors in human adipose tissue.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Obesity research. - : Wiley. - 1071-7323 .- 1550-8528. ; 10:7, s. 608-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the expression of several fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and FGF-receptors (FGFRs) in human adipose tissue and adipose-tissue cell fractions obtained from both subcutaneous (sc) and omental (om) depots.
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| 8. |
- Guo, J P, et al.
(författare)
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The rat antigen-presenting lectin-like receptor complex influences innate immunity and development of infectious diseases.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Genes and immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 10:3, s. 227-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variation in the antigen-presenting lectin-like receptor gene complex (APLEC) associates with autoimmunity and arthritis in rats and humans. We hypothesized that the encoded C-type lectin-like receptors might influence innate immunity and responses to infectious agents. To test this hypothesis, we compared in vivo and in vitro phenotypes in DA rats and APLEC-congenic rats. Survival rates following infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Herpes simplex virus differed significantly between the two strains. Likewise, differential delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), an immunological reaction involving T lymphocytes and macrophages, was observed in response to provocation with the chemical oxazolone. Unstimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages from the two strains appeared to already have polarized activation states with different mRNA levels of CD163 and Dectin-1 receptors. Following stimulation with a panel of microbial agents, differences in induced mRNA and protein levels were shown for interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, mannan and beta-glucan. Expression levels of APLEC gene mRNAs also differed, and both strains had a notably dichotomous expression of the genes, with general downregulation of all four Dcir genes and upregulation of Mincle and Mcl. We suggest that human APLEC genes may similarly regulate infectious diseases, DTH and general macrophage activation status.
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| 9. |
- Hedenius, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Recognition Memory after Incidental Encoding in Children with Developmental Dyslexia
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5, s. e63998-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental dyslexia (DD) has previously been associated with a number of cognitive deficits. Little attention has been directed to cognitive functions that remain intact in the disorder, though the investigation and identification of such strengths might be useful for developing new, and improving current, therapeutical interventions. In this study, an old/new recognition memory paradigm was used to examine previously untested aspects of declarative memory in children with DD and typically developing control children. The DD group was not only not impaired at the task, but actually showed superior recognition memory, as compared to the control children. These findings complement previous reports of enhanced cognition in other domains (e. g., visuo-spatial processing) in DD. Possible underlying mechanisms for the observed DD advantage in declarative memory, and the possibility of compensation by this system for reading deficits in dyslexia, are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Hedenius, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Grammar predicts procedural learning and consolidation deficits in children with Specific Language Impairment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 32:6, s. 2362-2375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH) posits that Specific Language Impairment (SLI) can be largely explained by abnormalities of brain structures that subserve procedural memory. The PDH predicts impairments of procedural memory itself, and that such impairments underlie the grammatical deficits observed in the disorder. Previous studies have indeed reported procedural learning impairments in SLI, and have found that these are associated with grammatical difficulties. The present study extends this research by examining consolidation and longer-term procedural sequence learning in children with SLI. The Alternating Serial Reaction Time (ASRT) task was given to children with SLI and typically developing (TD) children in an initial learning session and an average of three days later to test for consolidation and longer-term learning. Although both groups showed evidence of initial sequence learning, only the TD children showed clear signs of consolidation, even though the two groups did not differ in longer-term learning. When the children were re-categorized on the basis of grammar deficits rather than broader language deficits, a clearer pattern emerged. Whereas both the grammar impaired and normal grammar groups showed evidence of initial sequence learning, only those with normal grammar showed consolidation and longer-term learning. Indeed, the grammar-impaired group appeared to lose any sequence knowledge gained during the initial testing session. These findings held even when controlling for vocabulary or a broad non-grammatical language measure, neither of which were associated with procedural memory. When grammar was examined as a continuous variable over all children, the same relationships between procedural memory and grammar, but not vocabulary or the broader language measure, were observed. Overall, the findings support and further specify the PDH. They suggest that consolidation and longer-term procedural learning are impaired in SLI, but that these impairments are specifically tied to the grammatical deficits in the disorder. The possibility that consolidation and longer-term learning are problematic in the disorder suggests a locus of potential study for therapeutic approaches. In sum, this study clarifies our understanding of the underlying deficits in SLI, and suggests avenues for further research.
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| 11. |
- Hedenius, Martina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired implicit sequence learning in children with developmental dyslexia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 34:11, s. 3924-3935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that an impairment of procedural memory underlies a range of linguistic, cognitive and motor impairments observed in developmental dyslexia (DD). However, studies designed to test this hypothesis using the implicit sequence learning paradigm have yielded inconsistent results. A fundamental aspect of procedural learning is that it takes place over an extended time-period that may be divided into distinct stages based on both behavioural characteristics and neural correlates of performance. Yet, no study of implicit sequence learning in children with DD has included learning stages beyond a single practice session. The present study was designed to fill this important gap by extending the investigation to include the effects of overnight consolidation as well as those of further practice on a subsequent day. The results suggest that the most pronounced procedural learning impairment in DD may emerge only after extended practice, in learning stages beyond a single practice session.
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| 12. |
- Hedenius, Martina
(författare)
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Procedural and Declarative Memory in Children with Developmental Disorders of Language and Literacy
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) posits that a range of language, cognitive and motor impairments associated with specific language impairment (SLI) and developmental dyslexia (DD) may be explained by an underlying domain-general dysfunction of the procedural memory system. In contrast, declarative memory is hypothesized to remain intact and to play a compensatory role in the two disorders. The studies in the present thesis were designed to test this hypothesis.Study I examined non-language procedural memory, specifically implicit sequence learning, in children with SLI. It was shown that children with poor performance on tests of grammar were impaired at consolidation of procedural memory compared to children with normal grammar. These findings support the PDH and are line with previous studies suggesting a link between grammar processing and procedural memory.In Study II, the same implicit sequence learning paradigm was used to test procedural memory in children with DD. The DD group showed a learning profile that was similar to that of children with SLI in Study I, with a significant impairment emerging late in learning, after extended practice and including an overnight interval. Further analyses suggested that the DD impairment may not be related to overnight consolidation but to the effects of further practice beyond the initial practice session. In contrast to the predictions of the PDH, the sequence learning deficit was unrelated to phonological processing skills as assessed with a nonword repetition task.Study III examined declarative memory in DD. The performance of the DD group was found to be not only intact, but even enhanced, compared to that of the control children. The results encourage further studies on the potential of declarative memory to compensate for the reading problems in DD.In sum, the results lend partial support for the PDH and suggest further refinements to the theory. Collectively, the studies emphasize the importance of going beyond a narrow focus on language learning and memory functions in the characterization of the two disorders. Such a broader cognitive, motor and language approach may inform the development of future clinical and pedagogical assessment and intervention practices for SLI and DD.
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| 13. |
- Jennische, Margareta
(författare)
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An introduction to Blissymbolics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Communication in a Shared World. - 9632195981 ; , s. 55-56
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Jennische, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation and Construction of Meaning of Bliss-words in Children
- 2015
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Ingår i: Augmentative and Alternative Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0743-4618 .- 1477-3848. ; 31:2, s. 97-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blissymbolics as a graphic symbol system has the potential to represent a large number of vocabulary items using a small number of basic Bliss-characters. The aim of this project was to investigate how children with typical development, aged 3 years to 7 years 11 months, interpreted Bliss-characters and compound Bliss-words and then constructed their own Bliss-words. Children participated in a teaching procedure that included explanations and feedback on the structure and meaning of Bliss-characters. Their spontaneous interpretations of Bliss-characters and their ability to construct new Bliss-words were explored. Results suggest that Bliss-characters, although not very transparent, evoked spontaneous linguistic activities and were retained after brief explanations. Children aged 5 years and older appeared to discover the logic of the structure of Bliss-words. Children of all ages used Bliss-characters to represent new ideas. Some chose Bliss-characters resembling adult representations of concepts, others chose Bliss-characters representing personal associations. In sum, children retained many of the Bliss-characters after a relatively brief exposure and demonstrated semantic creativity in interpretation and construction of Bliss-words.
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| 15. |
- Jennische, Margareta
(författare)
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Linguistic difficulties in children andadolescents after acquired brain injury : a retrospective study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1875-8894. ; 3:4, s. 251-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The purpose of this study was to focus on two linguistic abilities, word retrieval (expressive language) and comprehension of vocabulary and grammar (receptive language), as well as to investigate to what extent longterm problems exist in these areas in children following traumatic brain injury. Methods Two groups of children were studied retrospectively: twentyfour children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and twenty-one children diagnosed with brain tumour. All children had been referred to the rehabilitation team for assessment. The children were between four and seventeen years old when assessed, with the assessments performed at least one year after the injury or brain tumour diagnosis. An established set of tests regarding word retrieval and comprehension of vocabulary and grammar was used, and the results were compared with normative test data. Results In both clinical groups, significantly more children scored lower than the designated “normal” score than in the normative sample on tests measuring confrontation naming and phonological word retrieval. In addition, in the brain tumour group, more children demonstrated significantly lower results than normal performance on a test for semantic word retrieval. In the TBI group, significantly more children scored below the normal value on tests of word and grammatical comprehension when compared to the normative sample. Conclusions This study confirms that word retrieval is an area of deficit in many children with acquired brain injuries one year or more after the injury occurred. The study also indicates that children with TBI may have persistent deficits in comprehension of both vocabulary and grammar.
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| 16. |
- Jennische, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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School level at 10 years of age in children who required neonatal intensive care in 1980-1989
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:12, s. 1586-1593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School level at age 10 was studied in two cohorts of children who had required neonatal intensive care (NIC): cohort 1, children born 1980-1985 (n=310); and cohort 2, children born 1986-1989 (n=245); and two control groups. More than 80% of all NIC children of both cohorts attended the appropriate mainstream grade 3 or 4; 12.9% of cohort 1 and 6.8% of cohort 2 were in mainstream grade 2. Six per cent of both cohorts received special education. Among very preterm children (23-31 gestational weeks), 73.5% of cohort 1 and 80.3% of cohort 2 attended grades 3 and 4, while 22.9% and 12.1%, respectively, were in grade 2. Assistance (remedial teaching, personal assistant or special teaching group) was given to 42.4% of cohort 1 in the mainstream (grades 2, 3 and 4) and to 38.2% of cohort 2 in the mainstream. In cohort 2, more very preterm girls than matched controls received assistance (p < 0.05); no corresponding difference was found in very preterm boys. Most children with congenital malformations received assistance in mainstream education or received special education. Conclusion: Most NIC children are in mainstream school classes at age 10. Twelve to 23% of very preterm children are 1 y behind. Many NIC children in the school mainstream need assistance at school, but the proportion of children in mainstream education increases markedly with time.
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| 17. |
- Jennische, Margareta
(författare)
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Speech and language skills in children who required neonatal intensive care
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spontaneous speech and linguistic skills at age 6 1/2 years were studied in 284 children who required neonatal intensive cam (NIC) in 1980-1985 (cohort 1) and 40 healthy controls and in 230 NIC children born in 1986-1989 (cohort 2) and 71 neonatally healthy children born at term.Eight aspects of the children's spontaneous speech in a conversation were evaluated: Information, speech motor function, sound pattern, word finding, word selection, grammar, interaction and motivation, and ten linguistic skills were assessed according to a protocol including imitation tasks, comprehension tasks and auditory functions, phonemes and word fluency. The results within each assessed area were ranked on a scale from 0 (no ability) to 5 (good ability; no errors). Mental age was assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The NIC children were grouped by gestational age.Most NIC children of both cohorts had well developed spontaneous speech. Obvious deviations (grade 3) in one or more aspect of spontaneous speech were more common in all groups of NIC children than in controls. No or hardly any ability (grade 0 or 1) in an aspect of spontaneous speech was only found in children born at >32 gestational weeks.The score of the 10th percentile of controls was identified in each linguistic area of each control group and used for the analyses. In the first cohort 70% of the controls and <27% of the NIC children had no score lower than the score of the 10th percentile. The corresponding proportions in cohort 2 were 77% and 63.5% respectively. The mental age of all gestational age groups of both cohorts was >6 years.A pathological finding at cerebral ultrasound examination and being small for gestational age were associated with deficiencies in spontaneous speech and linguistic skills in NIC children.
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| 18. |
- Jennische, Margareta, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Språk och kommunikation, tal och sväljning
- 2006
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Ingår i: Rehabiliteringsmedicin. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144045077 ; , s. 219-231
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Jennische, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Språk, tal och kommunikation samt sväljning
- 2006
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Ingår i: Rehabiliteringsmedicin, teori och praktik. - : Författarna och Studentlitteratur. - 9789144045078 ; , s. 219-231
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Separation of human adipocytes by size: hypertrophic fat cells display distinct gene expression
- 2006
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enlarged adipocytes are associated with insulin resistance and are an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes. To understand the molecular link between these diseases and adipocyte hypertrophy, we developed a technique to separate human adipocytes from an adipose tissue sample into populations of small cells (mean 57.6+-3.54 um) and large cells (mean 100.1+-3.94 um). Microarray analysis of the cell populations separated from adipose tissue from three subjects identified 14 genes, of which five immune-related, with more than fourfold higher expression in large cells than small cells. Two of these genes were serum amyloid A (SAA) and transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1). Real-time RT-PCR analysis of SAA and TM4SF1 expression in adipocytes from seven subjects revealed 19-fold and 22-fold higher expression in the large cells, respectively, and a correlation between adipocyte size and both SAA and TM4SF1 expression. The results were verified using immunohistochemistry. In comparison with 17 other human tissues and cell types by microarray, large adipocytes displayed by far the highest SAA and TM4SF1 expression. Thus, we have identified genes with markedly higher expression in large, compared with small, human adipocytes. These genes may link hypertrophic obesity to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes.
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| 21. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive computer-based phonics training in the educational setting of children with Down syndrome : An explorative study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. - London : Sage Publications. - 1744-6295 .- 1744-6309. ; 25:4, s. 636-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with Down syndrome (DS) using intensive computer-based phonics (GraphoGame, GG) were studied. The children's independence and improvement in phonological processing, letter knowledge, word decoding, and reading strategies were investigated. Seventeen children (5-16 years) with DS participated in a crossover design through 8 weeks (one period), with three test sessions separated by 4 weeks. Children were randomly assigned to GG intervention or regular schooling (RS). All children completed one period and eight children completed two periods. A majority gradually became independent in managing GG. At the group level, very little benefit was found from working with GG. At the individual level, several children with mild to severe intellectual disabilities showed increased decoding of trained words. After one period of GG and RS, an increase in alphabetically decoded words was found. The finding suggests that when individual challenges are considered, computer-based phonics may be beneficial for children with DS in their educational setting.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Rejnö-Habte Selassie, Gunilla, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbidity in severe developmental language disorders: neuropediatric and psychological considerations.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 94:4, s. 471-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore possible patterns of comorbidity in children with severe developmental language disorders (DLD). METHODS: A retrospective investigation of the clinical records of 28 children relating to oral motor and language problems, psychological profiles, medical history and EEG findings. RESULTS: 36% of all the children had pure expressive language problems, 64% had combined expressive-receptive language problems and 57% had additional oral motor problems. Girls predominated in expressive-receptive problems, while boys predominated in oral motor problems. Children with expressive-receptive disorders were over-represented at the lower end of normal full-scale IQ (p = 0.015). Lower verbal than non-verbal IQ levels were almost as common as equal levels, but a lower non-verbal IQ than verbal IQ was also found. Pre/perinatal problems were found in 21%, and heredity for developmental language problems or dyslexia in 39%. There was a higher proportion of attention and motor problems, EEG abnormalities, and epileptic syndromes than in the general population (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In severe DLD, both pure expressive and mixed expressive-receptive problems are found, and oral motor problems are common. Gender differences regarding symptoms are present. Receptive language ability is associated with the full-scale IQ level. A high proportion of EEG abnormalities and epilepsy is found. There is a complex pattern of comorbidity between speech-language symptoms, psychological characteristics, heredity and EEG findings.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Rejnö-Habte Selassie, Gunilla, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of language and auditory dysfunction in 6-year-old children with epilepsy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 114:2, s. 82-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study we reported difficulty with expressive language and visuoperceptual ability in preschool children with epilepsy and otherwise normal development. The present study analysed speech and language dysfunction for each individual in relation to epilepsy variables, ear preference, and intelligence in these children and described their auditory function. Twenty 6-year-old children with epilepsy (14 females, 6 males; mean age 6:5 y, range 6 y-6 y 11 mo) and 30 reference children without epilepsy (18 females, 12 males; mean age 6:5 y, range 6 y-6 y 11 mo) were assessed for language and auditory ability. Low scores for the children with epilepsy were analysed with respect to speech-language domains, type of epilepsy, site of epileptiform activity, intelligence, and language laterality. Auditory attention, perception, discrimination, and ear preference were measured with a dichotic listening test, and group comparisons were performed. Children with left-sided partial epilepsy had extensive language dysfunction. Most children with partial epilepsy had phonological dysfunction. Language dysfunction was also found in children with generalized and unclassified epilepsies. The children with epilepsy performed significantly worse than the reference children in auditory attention, perception of vowels and discrimination of consonants for the right ear and had more left ear advantage for vowels, indicating undeveloped language laterality.
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- Rejnö-Habte Selassie, Gunilla, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Speech, language, and cognitive dysfunction in children with focal epileptiform activity : A follow-up study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Epilepsy & Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-5050 .- 1525-5069. ; 18:3, s. 267-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reviewed the medical history, EEG recordings, and developmental milestones of 19 children with speech and language dysfunction and focal epileptiform activity. Speech, language, and neuropsychological assessments and EEG recordings were performed at follow-up, and prognostic indicators were analyzed. Three patterns of language development were observed: late start and slow development, late start and deterioration/regression, and normal start and later regression/deterioration. No differences in test results among these groups were seen, indicating a spectrum of related conditions including Landau-Kleffner syndrome and epileptic language disorder. More than half of the participants had speech and language dysfunction at follow-up. IQ levels, working memory, and processing speed were also affected. Dysfunction of auditory perception in noise was found in more than half of the participants, and dysfunction of auditory attention in all. Dysfunction of communication, oral motor ability, and stuttering were noted in a few. Family history of seizures and abundant epileptiform activity indicated a worse prognosis.
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