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Sökning: WFRF:(Jensen Jens)

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1.
  • Anastasopoulos, M., et al. (författare)
  • Multi-Grid detector for neutron spectroscopy : Results obtained on time-of-flight spectrometer CNCS
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 12:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Multi-Grid detector technology has evolved from the proof-of-principle and characterisation stages. Here we report on the performance of the Multi-Grid detector, the MG.CNCS prototype, which has been installed and tested at the Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer, CNCS at SNS. This has allowed a side-by-side comparison to the performance of 3He detectors on an operational instrument. The demonstrator has an active area of 0.2 m2. It is specifically tailored to the specifications of CNCS. The detector was installed in June 2016 and has operated since then, collecting neutron scattering data in parallel to the He-3 detectors of CNCS. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of this data, in particular on instrument energy resolution, rate capability, background and relative efficiency. Stability, gamma-ray and fast neutron sensitivity have also been investigated. The effect of scattering in the detector components has been measured and provides input to comparison for Monte Carlo simulations. All data is presented in comparison to that measured by the 3He detectors simultaneously, showing that all features recorded by one detector are also recorded by the other. The energy resolution matches closely. We find that the Multi-Grid is able to match the data collected by 3He, and see an indication of a considerable advantage in the count rate capability. Based on these results, we are confident that the Multi-Grid detector will be capable of producing high quality scientific data on chopper spectrometers utilising the unprecedented neutron flux of the ESS.
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2.
  • Andersen, Ken, et al. (författare)
  • B-10 multi-grid proportional gas counters for large area thermal neutron detectors
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 720, s. 116-121
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • He-3 was a popular material in neutrons detectors until its availability dropped drastically in 2008. The development of techniques based on alternative convertors is now of high priority for neutron research institutes. Thin films of B-10 or (B4C)-B-10 have been used in gas proportional counters to detect neutrons, but until now, only for small or medium sensitive area. We present here the multi-grid design, introduced at the ILL and developed in collaboration with ESS for LAN (large area neutron) detectors. Typically thirty (B4C)-B-10 films of 1 mu m thickness are used to convert neutrons into ionizing particles which are subsequently detected in a proportional gas counter. The principle and the fabrication of the multi-grid are described and some preliminary results obtained with a prototype of 200 cm x 8 cm are reported; a detection efficiency of 48% has been measured at 2.5 angstrom with a monochromatic neutron beam line, showing the good potential of this new technique. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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3.
  • Munch, Marie W., et al. (författare)
  • Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 326:18, s. 1807-1817
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Question What is the effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of dexamethasone on the number of days alive without life support at 28 days in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia? Findings In this randomized trial that included 1000 patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, treatment with 12 mg/d of dexamethasone resulted in 22.0 days alive without life support at 28 days compared with 20.5 days in those receiving 6 mg/d of dexamethasone. This difference was not statistically significant. Meaning Compared with 6 mg of dexamethasone, 12 mg of dexamethasone did not statistically significantly reduce the number of days alive without life support at 28 days. This multicenter randomized clinical trial compares the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. IMPORTANCE A daily dose with 6 mg of dexamethasone is recommended for up to 10 days in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, but a higher dose may benefit those with more severe disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and May 2021 at 26 hospitals in Europe and India and included 1000 adults with confirmed COVID-19 requiring at least 10 L/min of oxygen or mechanical ventilation. End of 90-day follow-up was on August 19, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1:1 to 12 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 503) or 6 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 497) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of days alive without life support (invasive mechanical ventilation, circulatory support, or kidney replacement therapy) at 28 days and was adjusted for stratification variables. Of the 8 prespecified secondary outcomes, 5 are included in this analysis (the number of days alive without life support at 90 days, the number of days alive out of the hospital at 90 days, mortality at 28 days and at 90 days, and >= 1 serious adverse reactions at 28 days). RESULTS Of the 1000 randomized patients, 982 were included (median age, 65 [IQR, 55-73] years; 305 [31%] women) and primary outcome data were available for 971 (491 in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 480 in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group). The median number of days alive without life support was 22.0 days (IQR, 6.0-28.0 days) in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 20.5 days (IQR, 4.0-28.0 days) in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted mean difference, 1.3 days [95% CI, 0-2.6 days]; P = .07). Mortality at 28 days was 27.1% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 32.3% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.86 [99% CI, 0.68-1.08]). Mortality at 90 days was 32.0% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 37.7% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.87 [99% CI, 0.70-1.07]). Serious adverse reactions, including septic shock and invasive fungal infections, occurred in 11.3% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 13.4% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.83 [99% CI, 0.54-1.29]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, 12 mg/d of dexamethasone compared with 6 mg/d of dexamethasone did not result in statistically significantly more days alive without life support at 28 days. However, the trial may have been underpowered to identify a significant difference.
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5.
  • Niemelä, Matti, et al. (författare)
  • Randomized Comparison of Final Kissing Balloon Dilatation Versus No Final Kissing Balloon Dilatation in Patients With Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Treated With Main Vessel Stenting : The nordic-baltic bifurcation study III
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 123:1, s. 79-86
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background-It is unknown whether the preferred 1-stent bifurcation stenting approach with stenting of the main vessel (MV) and optional side branch stenting using drug-eluting stents should be finalized by a kissing balloon dilatation (FKBD). Therefore, we compared strategies of MV stenting with and without FKBD. Methods and Results-We randomized 477 patients with a bifurcation lesion to FKBD (n=238) or no FKBD (n=239) after MV stenting. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events: cardiac death, non-procedure-related index lesion myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or stent thrombosis within 6 months. The 6-month major adverse cardiac event rates were 2.1% and 2.5% (P=1.00) in the FKBD and no-FKBD groups, respectively. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were longer and more contrast media was needed in the FKBD group than in the no-FKBD group. Three hundred twenty-six patients had a quantitative coronary assessment. At 8 months, the rate of binary (re) stenosis in the entire bifurcation lesion (MV and side branch) was 11.0% versus 17.3% (P=0.11), in the MV was 3.1% versus 2.5% (P=0.68), and in the side branch was 7.9% versus 15.4% (P=0.039) in the FKBD versus no-FKBD groups, respectively. In patients with true bifurcation lesions, the side branch restenosis rate was 7.6% versus 20.0% (P=0.024) in the FKBD and no-FKBD groups, respectively. Conclusions-MV stenting strategies with and without FKBD were associated with similar clinical outcomes. FKBD reduced angiographic side branch (re) stenosis, especially in patients with true bifurcation lesions. The simple no-FKBD procedures resulted in reduced use of contrast media and shorter procedure and fluoroscopy times. Long-term data on stent thrombosis are needed. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00914199. (Circulation. 2011;123:79-86.)
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6.
  • Abugabbara, Marwan, et al. (författare)
  • How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden? : Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-4847. ; 9, s. 4971-4983
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks. © 2023 The Author(s)
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7.
  • Bangsbo, Jens, et al. (författare)
  • Copenhagen Consensus statement 2019 : physical activity and ageing
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 53:14, s. 856-858
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • From 19th to 22nd November 2018, 26 researchers representing nine countries and a variety of academic disciplines met in Snekkersten, Denmark, to reach evidence-based consensus about physical activity and older adults. It was recognised that the term ‘older adults’ represents a highly heterogeneous population. It encompasses those that remain highly active and healthy throughout the life-course with a high intrinsic capacity to the very old and frail with low intrinsic capacity. The consensus is drawn from a wide range of research methodologies within epidemiology, medicine, physiology, neuroscience, psychology and sociology, recognising the strength and limitations of each of the methods. Much of the evidence presented in the statements is based on longitudinal associations from observational and randomised controlled intervention studies, as well as quantitative and qualitative social studies in relatively healthy community-dwelling older adults. Nevertheless, we also considered research with frail older adults and those with age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and in a few cases molecular and cellular outcome measures from animal studies. The consensus statements distinguish between physical activity and exercise. Physical activity is used as an umbrella term that includes both structured and unstructured forms of leisure, transport, domestic and work-related activities. Physical activity entails body movement that increases energy expenditure relative to rest, and is often characterised in terms of intensity from light, to moderate to vigorous. Exercise is defined as a subset of structured physical activities that are more specifically designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive function, flexibility balance, strength and/or power. This statement presents the consensus on the effects of physical activity on older adults’ fitness, health, cognitive functioning, functional capacity, engagement, motivation, psychological well-being and social inclusion. It also covers the consensus on physical activity implementation strategies. While it is recognised that adverse events can occur during exercise, the risk can be minimised by carefully choosing the type of activity undertaken and by consultation with the individual’s physician when warranted, for example, when the individual is frail, has a number of co-morbidities, or has exercise-related symptoms, such as chest pain, heart arrhythmia or dizziness. The consensus was obtained through an iterative process that began with the presentation of the state-of-the-science in each domain, followed by group and plenary discussions. Ultimately, the participants reached agreement on the 30-item consensus statements.
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8.
  • Ben Sedrine, Nabiha, et al. (författare)
  • Infrared dielectric functions and optical phonons of wurtzite YxAl1-xN (0 less than= x less than= 0.22)
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 48:41, s. 415102-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • YAlN is a new member of the group-III nitride family with potential for applications in next generation piezoelectric and light emitting devices. We report the infrared dielectric functions and optical phonons of wurtzite (0001) YxAl1-xN epitaxial films with 0 less than= x less than= 0.22. The films are grown by magnetron sputtering epitaxy on c-plane Al2O3 and their phonon properties are investigated using infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The infrared-active E-1(TO) and LO, and the Raman active E-2 phonons are found to exhibit one-mode behavior, which is discussed in the framework of the MREI model. The compositional dependencies of the E-1(TO), E-2 and LO phonon frequencies, the high-frequency limit of the dielectric constant, epsilon(infinity), the static dielectric constant, epsilon(0), and the Born effective charge Z(B) are established and discussed.
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9.
  • Birch, J, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of background in large-area neutron detectors due to alpha emission from impurities in aluminium
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thermal neutron detector based on films of (B4C)-B-10 have been developed as an alternative to He-3 detectors. In particular, The Multi-Grid detector concept is considered for future large area detectors for ESS and ILL instruments. An excellent signal-to-background ratio is essential to attain expected scientific results. Aluminium is the most natural material for the mechanical structure of of the Multi-Grid detector and other similar concepts due to its mechanical and neutronic properties. Due to natural concentration of alpha emitters, however, the background from alpha particles misidentified as neutrons can be unacceptably high. We present our experience operating a detector prototype affected by this issue. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to confirm the background as alpha particles. The issues have been addressed in the more recent implementations of the Multi-Grid detector by the use of purified aluminium as well as Ni-plating of standard aluminium. The result is the reduction in background by two orders of magnitude. A new large-area prototype has been built incorporating these modifications.
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10.
  • Christiansen, Evald H, et al. (författare)
  • Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide PCI.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachussetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 376:19, s. 1813-1823
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is an index used to assess the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. The index has been tested against fractional flow reserve (FFR) in small trials, and the two measures have been found to have similar diagnostic accuracy. However, studies of clinical outcomes associated with the use of iFR are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether iFR is noninferior to FFR with respect to the rate of subsequent major adverse cardiac events.We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial using the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry for enrollment. A total of 2037 participants with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome who had an indication for physiologically guided assessment of coronary-artery stenosis were randomly assigned to undergo revascularization guided by either iFR or FFR. The primary end point was the rate of a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization within 12 months after the procedure.A primary end-point event occurred in 68 of 1012 patients (6.7%) in the iFR group and in 61 of 1007 (6.1%) in the FFR group (difference in event rates, 0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.5 to 2.8; P=0.007 for noninferiority; hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.58; P=0.53); the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the difference in event rates fell within the prespecified noninferiority margin of 3.2 percentage points. The results were similar among major subgroups. The rates of myocardial infarction, target-lesion revascularization, restenosis, and stent thrombosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the FFR group than in the iFR group reported chest discomfort during the procedure.Among patients with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome, an iFR-guided revascularization strategy was noninferior to an FFR-guided revascularization strategy with respect to the rate of major adverse cardiac events at 12 months. (Funded by Philips Volcano; iFR SWEDEHEART ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02166736 .).
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11.
  • Dyrskjøt, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Gene expression signatures predict outcome in non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma : a multicenter validation study
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 13:12, s. 3545-3551
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Clinically useful molecular markers predicting the clinical course of patients diagnosed with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer are needed to improve treatment outcome. Here, we validated four previously reported gene expression signatures for molecular diagnosis of disease stage and carcinoma in situ (CIS) and for predicting disease recurrence and progression. Experimental Design: We analyzed tumors from 404 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer in hospitals in Denmark, Sweden, England, Spain, and France using custom microarrays. Molecular classifications were compared with pathologic diagnosis and clinical outcome. Results: Classification of disease stage using a 52-gene classifier was found to be highly significantly correlated with pathologic stage (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the classifier added information regarding disease progression of Ta or T1 tumors (P < 0.001). The molecular 88-gene progression classifier was highly significantly correlated with progression-free survival (P < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the progression classifier to be an independently significant variable associated with disease progression after adjustment for age, sex, stage, grade, and treatment (hazard ratio, 2.3; P = 0.007). The diagnosis of CIS using a 68-gene classifier showed a highly significant correlation with histopathologic CIS diagnosis (odds ratio, 5.8; P < 0.001) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: This multicenter validation study confirms in an independent series the clinical utility of molecular classifiers to predict the outcome of patients initially diagnosed with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This information may be useful to better guide patient treatment.
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12.
  • Engberg, David, et al. (författare)
  • Resolving mass spectral overlaps in atom probe tomography by isotopic substitutions – case of TiSi15N
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Ultramicroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2723 .- 0304-3991. ; 184, s. 51-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mass spectral overlaps in atom probe tomography (APT) analyses of complex compounds typically limit the identification of elements and microstructural analysis of a material. This study concerns the TiSiN system, chosen because of severe mass-to-charge-state ratio overlaps of the 14 N + and 28 Si 2+ peaks as well as the 14N 2 + and 28 Si + peaks. By substituting 14 N with 15 N, mass spectrum peaks generated by ions composed of one or more N atoms will be shifted toward higher mass-to-charge-state ratios, thereby enabling the separation of N from the predominant Si isotope. We thus resolve thermodynamically driven Si segregation on the nanometer scale in cubic phase Ti 1- x Si x 15 N thin films for Si contents 0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.19 by APT, as corroborated by transmission electron microscopy. The APT analysis yields a composition determination that is in good agreement with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elastic recoil detection analyses. Additionally, a method for determining good voxel sizes for visualizing small-scale fluctuations is presented and demonstrated for the TiSiN system.
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13.
  • Hsiao, Ching-Lien, et al. (författare)
  • Room-temperature heteroepitaxy of single-phase Al1-xInxN films with full composition range on isostructural wurtzite templates
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 524, s. 113-120
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Al1-xInxN heteroepitaxial layers covering the full composition range have been realized by magnetron sputter epitaxy on basal-plane AlN, GaN, and ZnO templates at room temperature (RT). Both Al1-xInxN single layers and multilayers grown on these isostructural templates show single phase, single crystal wurtzite structure. Even at large lattice mismatch between the film and the template, for instance InN/AlN (similar to 13% mismatch), heteroepitaxy is achieved. However, RT-grown Al1-xInxN films directly deposited on non-isostructural c-plane sapphire substrate exhibit a polycrystalline structure for all compositions, suggesting that substrate surface structure is important for guiding the initial nucleation. Degradation of Al1-xInxN structural quality with increasing indium content is attributed to the formation of more point-and structural defects. The defects result in a prominent hydrostatic tensile stress component, in addition to the biaxial stress component introduced by lattice mismatch, in all RT-grown Al1-xInxN films. These effects are reflected in the measured in-plane and out-of-plane strains. The effect of hydrostatic stress is negligible compared to the effects of lattice mismatch in high-temperature grown AlN layers thanks to their low amount of defects. We found that Vegards rule is applicable to determine x in the RT-grown Al1-xInxN epilayers if the lattice constants of RT-sputtered AlN and InN films are used instead of those of the strain-free bulk materials.
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14.
  • Höglund, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • B4C thin films for neutron detection
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 111:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Due to the very limited availability of He-3, new kinds of neutron detectors, not based on 3He, are urgently needed. Here, we present a method to produce thin films of (B4C)-B-10, with maximized detection efficiency, intended to be part of a new generation of large area neutron detectors. B4C thin Films have been deposited onto Al-blade and Si wafer substrates by dc magnetron sputtering from (B4C)-B-nat and (B4C)-B-10 targets in an Ar discharge, using an industrial deposition system. The films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, x-ray reflectivity, and neutron radiography. We show that the film-substrate adhesion and film purity are improved by increased substrate temperature and deposition rate. A deposition rate of 3.8 angstrom/s and substrate temperature of 400 degrees C result in films with a density close to bulk values and good adhesion to film thickness above 3 mu m. Boron-10 contents of almost 80 at. % are obtained in 6.3 m(2) of 1 mu m thick (B4C)-B-10 thin films coated on Al-blades. Initial neutron absorption measurements agree with Monte Carlo simulations and show that the layer thickness, number of layers, neutron wavelength, and amount of impurities are determining factors. The study also shows the importance of having uniform layer thicknesses over large areas, which for a full-scale detector could be in total similar to 1000 m(2) of two-side coated Al-blades with similar to 1 mu m thick (B4C)-B-10 films.
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15.
  • Höglund, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of volume mismatch and electronic structure on the decomposition of ScAlN and TiAlN solid solutions
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:22, s. 224101-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thin solid films of metastable rocksalt structure (c-) Sc1-xAlxN and Ti1-xAlxN were employed as model systems to investigate the relative influence of volume mismatch and electronic structure driving forces for phase separation. Reactive dual magnetron sputtering was used to deposit stoichiometric Sc0.57Al0.43N(111) and Ti0.51Al0.49N(111) thin films, at 675 °C and 600 °C, respectively, followed by stepwise annealing to a maximum temperature of 1100 °C. Phase transformations during growth and annealing were followed in situ using X-ray scattering. The results show that the as-deposited Sc0.57Al0.43N films phase separate at 1000 °C – 1100 °C into non-isostructural c-ScN and wurtzite-structure (w-) AlN, via nucleation and growth at domain boundaries. Ti0.51Al0.49N, however, exhibits spinodal decomposition into isostructural coherent c-TiN and c-AlN, in the temperature interval of 800 °C – 1000 °C. X-ray pole figures show the coherency between c-ScN and w-AlN, with AlN(0001) || ScN(001) and AlN<01ɸ10> || ScN<1ɸ10>. First principles calculations of mixing energy-lattice spacing curves explain the results on a fundamental physics level and open a route for design of novel metastable pseudobinary phases for hard coatings and electronic materials.
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16.
  • Höglund, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Growth and oxidization stability of cubic Zr1-xGdxN solid solution thin films
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 117:19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report Zr1-xGdxN thin films deposited by magnetron sputter deposition. We show a solid solubility of the highly neutron absorbing GdN into ZrN along the whole compositional range, which is in excellent agreement with our recent predictions by first-principles calculations. An oxidization study in air shows that Zr1-xGdxN with x reaching from 1 to close to 0 fully oxidizes, but that the oxidization is slowed down by an increased amount of ZrN or stopped by applying a capping layer of ZrN. The crystalline quality of Zr0.5Gd0.5N films increases with substrate temperatures increasing from 100 degrees C to 900 degrees C.
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17.
  • Höglund, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Stability of (B4C)-B-10 thin films under neutron radiation
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-806X .- 1879-0895. ; 113, s. 14-19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thin films of (B4C)-B-10 have shown to be very suitable as neutron-converting material in the next generation of neutron detectors, replacing the previous predominantly used He-3. In this contribution we show under realistic conditions that (B4C)-B-10 films are not damaged by the neutron irradiation and interactions, which they will be exposed to under many years in a neutron detector. 1 mu m thick (B4C)-B-10 thin films were deposited onto Al or Si substrates using dc magnetron sputtering. As-deposited films were exposed to a cold neutron beam with fluences of up to 1.1 x 10(14) cm(-2) and a mean wavelength of 6.9 angstrom. Both irradiated and as-deposited reference samples were characterized with time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. We show that only 1.8 ppm of the B-10 atoms were consumed and that the film composition does not change by the neutron interaction within the measurement accuracy. The irradiation does not deteriorate the film adhesion and there is no indication that it results in increased residual stress values of the as-deposited films of 0.095 GPa. From what is visible with the naked eye and down to atomic level studies, no change from the irradiation could be found using the above-mentioned characterization techniques. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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18.
  • Imam, Mewlude, et al. (författare)
  • Gas phase chemical vapor deposition chemistry of triethylboron probed by boron-carbon thin film deposition and quantum chemical calculations
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 3:41, s. 10898-10906
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present triethylboron (TEB) as a single-source precursor for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of BxC thin films and study its gas phase chemistry under CVD conditions by quantum chemical calculations. A comprehensive thermochemical catalogue for the species of the gas phase chemistry of TEB is examined and found to be dominated by beta-hydride eliminations of C2H4 to yield BH3. A complementary bimolecular reaction path based on H-2 assisted C2H6 elimination to BH3 is also significant at lower temperatures in the presence of hydrogen. Furthermore, we find a temperature window of 600-1000 degrees C for the deposition of X-ray amorphous BxC films with 2.5 less than= x less than= 4.5 from TEB. Films grown at temperatures below 600 degrees C contain high amounts of H, while temperatures above 1000 degrees C result in C-rich films. The film density and hardness are determined to be in the range of 2.40-2.65 g cm(-3) and 29-39 GPa, respectively, within the determined temperature window.
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19.
  • Imam, Mewlude, et al. (författare)
  • Trimethylboron as Single-Source Precursor for Boron-Carbon Thin Film Synthesis by Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 120:38, s. 21990-21997
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Boron carbon (BxC) thin films are potential neutron converting layers for B-10-based neutron detectors. However, as common material choices for such detectors do not tolerate temperatures above 500 degrees C, a low temperature deposition route is required. Here, we study trimethylboron B(CH3)(3) (TMB) as a single-source precursor for the deposition of BxC thin films by plasma CVD using Ar plasma. The effect of plasma power, TMB/Ar flow ratio and total pressure, on the film composition, morphology, chemical bonding, and microstructures are investigated. Dense and boron-rich films (B/C = 1.9) are achieved at high TMB flow under a low total pressure and high plasma power, which rendered an approximate substrate temperature of similar to 300 degrees C. Films mainly contain B-C bonds with the presence of B-O and C-C, which is attributed to be the origin of formed amorphous carbon in the films. The high H content 15 +/- 5 at. %) is almost independent of deposition parameters and contributed to lower the film density (2.16 g/cm(3)). The plasma compositional analysis shows that the TMB molecule decomposes to mainly atomic H, C-2, BH, and CH. A plasma chemical model for the decomposition of TMB with BH and CH as the plausible film depositing species in the plasma is proposed.
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20.
  • Imam, Mewlude, et al. (författare)
  • Trimethylboron as single-source precursor for boron-carbonthin film synthesis by plasma chemical vapor deposition
  • 2015
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Boron-carbon (BxC) thin films are potential neutron converting layers for 10B-based neutron detectors. However, as common material choices for such detectors do not tolerate temperature above 500°C, a low temperature deposition route is required for this application. Here we study trimethylboron B(CH3)3 (TMB) as a single-source precursor for the deposition of BxC thin films by plasma CVD using Ar plasma. The effect of plasma power, TMB/Ar ratio and total pressure on the film composition, morphology and structure are investigated. The highest B/C ratio of 1.9 was achieved at high TMB flow in a low total pressure and high plasma power which rendered an approximate substrate temperature of ~ 300 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that B-C bonds prevail in the films, although C-C and B-O bonds are also present. Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of amorphous carbon phases in the films. The H content in the films is found to be 15±5 at. % by the time of flight elastic recoil detection analysis (Tof-ERDA). The film density as determined from X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements is 2. 16 ± 0.01  g/cm3 and the internal compressive stresses are measured to be less than 400 MPa.
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21.
  • Jensen, Christian Fuglesang S., et al. (författare)
  • Results from the first autologous grafting of adult human testis tissue : A case report
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - 0268-1161. ; 39:2, s. 303-309
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fertility restoration using autologous testicular tissue transplantation is relevant for infertile men surviving from childhood cancer and, possibly, in men with absent or incomplete spermatogenesis resulting in the lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate (non-obstructive azoospermia, NOA). Currently, testicular tissue from pre-pubertal boys extracted before treatment with gonadotoxic cancer therapy can be cryopreserved with good survival of spermatogonial stem cells. However, strategies for fertility restoration, after successful cancer treatment, are still experimental and no clinical methods have yet been developed. Similarly, no clinically available treatments can help men with NOA to become biological fathers after failed attempts of testicular surgical sperm retrieval. We present a case of a 31-year-old man with NOA who had three pieces of testis tissue (each ∼2 × 4 × 2 mm3) extracted and cryopreserved in relation to performing microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE). Approximately 2 years after mTESE, the thawed tissue pieces were engrafted in surgically created pockets bilaterally under the scrotal skin. Follow-up was performed after 2, 4, and 6 months with assessment of reproductive hormones and ultrasound of the scrotum. After 6 months, all engrafted tissue was extracted and microscopically analyzed for the presence of spermatozoa. Furthermore, parts of the extracted tissue were analyzed histologically and by immunohistochemical analysis. Active blood flow in the engrafted tissue was demonstrated by doppler ultrasound after 6 months. No spermatozoa were found in the extracted tissue. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated graft survival with intact clear tubules and normal cell organization. Sertoli cells and spermatocytes with normal morphology were located near the basement membrane. MAGE-A and VASA positive spermatogonia/spermatocytes were detected together with SOX9 positive Sertoli cells. Spermatocytes and/or Sertoli cells positive for γH2AX was also detected. In summary, following autologous grafting of frozen-thawed testis tissue under the scrotal skin in a man with NOA, we demonstrated graft survival after 6 months. No mature spermatozoa were detected; however, this is likely due to the pre-existing spermatogenic failure.
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22.
  • Jensen, Christian Fuglesang Skjødt, et al. (författare)
  • Sertoli and Germ Cells Within Atrophic Seminiferous Tubules of Men With Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) have impaired spermatogenesis. Dilated and un-dilated atrophic seminiferous tubules are often present in the testes of these patients, with the highest likelihood of active spermatogenesis in the dilated tubules. Little is known about the un-dilated tubules, which in NOA patients constitute the majority. To advance therapeutic strategies for men with NOA who fail surgical sperm retrieval we aimed to characterize the spermatogonial stem cell microenvironment in atrophic un-dilated tubules. Methods: Testis biopsies approximately 3x3x3 mm3 were obtained from un-dilated areas from 34 patients. They were classified as hypospermatogenesis (HS) (n=5), maturation arrest (MA) (n=14), and Sertoli cell only (SCO) (n= 15). Testis samples from five fertile men were included as controls. Biopsies were used for histological analysis, RT-PCR analysis and immunofluorescence of germ and Sertoli cell markers. Results: Anti-Müllerian hormone mRNA and protein expression was increased in un-dilated tubules in all three NOA subtypes, compared to the control, showing an immature state of Sertoli cells (p<0.05). The GDNF mRNA expression was significantly increased in MA (P=0.0003). The BMP4 mRNA expression showed a significant increase in HS, MA, and SCO (P=0.02, P=0.0005, P=0.02, respectively). The thickness of the tubule wall was increased 2.2-fold in the SCO-NOA compared to the control (p<0.05). In germ cells, we found the DEAD-box helicase 4 (DDX4) and melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4) mRNA and protein expression reduced in NOA (MAGE-A: 46% decrease in HS, 53% decrease in MA, absent in SCO). In HS-NOA, the number of androgen receptor positive Sertoli cells was reduced 30% with a similar pattern in mRNA expression. The γH2AX expression was increased in SCO as compared to HS and MA. However, none of these differences reached statistical significance probably due to low number of samples. Conclusions: Sertoli cells were shown to be immature in un-dilated tubules of three NOA subtypes. The increased DNA damage in Sertoli cells and thicker tubule wall in SCO suggested a different mechanism for the absence of spermatogenesis from SCO to HS and MA. These results expand insight into the differences in un-dilated tubules from the different types of NOA patients.
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23.
  • Jensen, E. D., et al. (författare)
  • Transcriptional reprogramming in yeast using dCas9 and combinatorial gRNA strategies
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Microbial Cell Factories. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2859. ; 16:1, s. 46-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Transcriptional reprogramming is a fundamental process of living cells in order to adapt to environmental and endogenous cues. In order to allow flexible and timely control over gene expression without the interference of native gene expression machinery, a large number of studies have focused on developing synthetic biology tools for orthogonal control of transcription. Most recently, the nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) has emerged as a flexible tool for controlling activation and repression of target genes, by the simple RNA-guided positioning of dCas9 in the vicinity of the target gene transcription start site. Results: In this study we compared two different systems of dCas9-mediated transcriptional reprogramming, and applied them to genes controlling two biosynthetic pathways for biobased production of isoprenoids and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By testing 101 guide-RNA (gRNA) structures on a total of 14 different yeast promoters, we identified the best-performing combinations based on reporter assays. Though a larger number of gRNA-promoter combinations do not perturb gene expression, some gRNAs support expression perturbations up to similar to threefold. The best-performing gRNAs were used for single and multiplex reprogramming strategies for redirecting flux related to isoprenoid production and optimization of TAG profiles. From these studies, we identified both constitutive and inducible multiplex reprogramming strategies enabling significant changes in isoprenoid production and increases in TAG. Conclusion: Taken together, we show similar performance for a constitutive and an inducible dCas9 approach, and identify multiplex gRNA designs that can significantly perturb isoprenoid production and TAG profiles in yeast without editing the genomic context of the target genes. We also identify a large number of gRNA positions in 14 native yeast target pomoters that do not affect expression, suggesting the need for further optimization of gRNA design tools and dCas9 engineering.\
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24.
  • Jensen, Jan S., et al. (författare)
  • Safety in simple versus complex stenting of coronary artery bifurcation lesions : The nordic bifurcation study 14-month follow-up results
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology. - 1774-024X. ; 4:2, s. 229-233
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: The risk of stent thrombosis has been reported to increase with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) complexity. The present study reports the pre-specified secondary endpoint of a 14-month stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiac events in patients stented with a simple versus a complex bifurcation technique using sirolimus eluting stents (SES). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 413 patients with a coronary bifurcation lesion were randomised to a simple treatment strategy; stenting of main vessel and optional stenting of side branch (MV group), or to a complex stenting strategy; stenting of both main vessel and side branch (MV+SB group). Mortality data were available in all patients and 14-month clinical follow-up data in 395 (96%) of the patients. After 14 months, the rates of definite, probable and possible stent thrombosis (ARC criteria) were 1.0% vs. 0.5%, 1.0% vs. 0% and 0.5% vs. 0% (ns) in the MV and in the MV+SB groups, respectively. Rates of MACE were 9.5% in the MV group and 8.2% in the MV+SB group (ns). Total death was seen in 2.4% vs. 1.0% and non-PCI related myocardial infarction in 2.0% vs. 1.0% in the MV and the MV+SB groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: After 14 months, two months after recommended cessation of dual antiplatelet therapy, the rates of stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiac events were low and independent of treatment complexity in patients treated with SES for coronary artery bifurcation lesions.
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25.
  • Jensen, Ulf J., et al. (författare)
  • The role of a simulator-based course in coronary angiography on performance in real life cath lab
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6920. ; 14, s. 49-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The aim of this study was to explore if a course consisting of lectures combined with simulator training in coronary angiography (CA) could accelerate the early learning curve when performing CA on patients. Knowledge in performing CA is included in the curriculum for the general cardiologist. The method, according to American College of Cardiology and European Society of Cardiology guidelines, for this training is not well defined but simulator training is proposed to be an option. However, the transfer effect from a CA simulator to performance in real world cath lab is not validated. Methods: Fifty-four residents without practical skills in CA completed the course and 12 continued to training in invasive cardiology. These residents were tracked in the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry and compared to a control group of 46 novel operators for evaluation of performance metrics. A total of 4472 CAs were analyzed. Results: Course participants demonstrated no consistent acceleration in the early learning curve in real world cath lab. They had longer fluoroscopy time compared to controls (median 360 seconds (IQR 245-557) vs. 289 seconds (IQR 179-468), p < 0.001). Safety measures also indicated more complications appearing at the ward, in particular when using the femoral approach (6.25% vs. 2.53%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Since the results of this retrospective non-randomized study were negative, the role of a structured course including simulator training for skills acquisition in CA is still uncertain. Randomized transfer studies are warranted to justify further use of simulators for training in CA
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26.
  • Jensen, Ulf J., et al. (författare)
  • The use of fluoroscopy to construct learning curves for coronary angiography
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions. - : Wiley. - 1522-1946 .- 1522-726X. ; 80:4, s. 564-569
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess learning curves for coronary angiography using registry data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR).Background:ACC and ESC guidelines for cardiologists in training recommend 200300 coronary angiographies as primary operator. Whether this is safe or sufficient to reach an adequate proficiency level is not known. The development of learning curves and factors that can determine progress is not yet clearly stated.Methods:We extracted data from SCAAR 20052009 and identified 20 novel and 21 expert operators in coronary angiography during this observation period. Metrics possibly influenced by proficiency level were compared between the two groups. Learning curves were then identified with the expert's performance as reference defined as interquartile range (IQR).Results:Data from a total of 24,000 coronary angiographies were examined. Beginners used similar volumes of contrast but had longer fluoroscopy time compared with experts. Fluoroscopy time appeared to be a metric that demonstrated a clear learning curve and beginners reached experts IQR in 50 % (median) of the procedures after similar to 140 coronary angiographies. The risk of complications was independently associated with fluoroscopy time.Conclusions:Fluoroscopy time seems to be the best metric to determine coronary angiography performance level and might therefore be a good proficiency measure during training. On the basis of our results we recommend the trainee to perform at least 150 coronary angiographies during supervision before proceeding with unsupervised procedures. It is not clear if the suggested number of procedures will result in decreased number of complications but the data suggests that fluoroscopy time might be a surrogate marker for complications.
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27.
  • Jensen, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Technical Skills Assessment in a Coronary Angiography Simulator for Construct Validation.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Simulation in Healthcare: the Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. - 1559-713X. ; 8:5, s. 324-328
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate technical skills in a coronary angiography (CA) simulator to establish the performance level of trainees and experts in virtual CA.The traditional master-apprentice way of learning CA is by practicing on patients despite a known risk for complications during training. Safe CA training is warranted, and simulators might be one possibility. Simulators used must be validated regarding their ability to separate trainees from experts. Construct validation of a CA simulator, to our knowledge, has not yet been published. METHODS: Ten cardiology residents without experience in CA, 4 intermediate, and 10 CA experts performed 5 CAs in the Mentice VIST (Vascular Intervention Simulation Trainer). Metrics reflecting proficiency skills such as total procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast volume were extracted from the simulator computer and compared between the groups. All examinations were videotaped, and the number of handling errors was examined. The videos were evaluated by 2 experts blinded to the test object's performance level. RESULTS: Experts outperformed trainees in all metrics measured by the simulator. Improvement was demonstrated in all metrics through all 5 CAs. Furthermore, beginners had more handling errors compared with experts. CONCLUSIONS: Mentice VIST simulator can distinguish between trainees and experts in CA in the metrics extracted from the computer and therefore prove the concept of construct validity.
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28.
  • Junaid, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Electronic-grade GaN(0001)/Al2O3(0001) grown by reactive DC-magnetron sputter epitaxy using a liquid Ga target
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 98:14, s. 141915-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electronic-grade GaN (0001) epilayers have been grown directly on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by reactive DC-magnetron sputter epitaxy (MSE) from a liquid Ga sputtering target in an Ar/N2 atmosphere. The as-grown GaN epitaxial film exhibit low threading dislocation density on the order of ≤ 1010 cm-2 obtained by transmission electron microscopy and modified Williamson-Hall plot. X-ray rocking curve shows narrow fullwidth at half maximum (FWHM) of 1054 arcsec of the 0002 reflection. A sharp 4 K photoluminescence peak at 3.474 eV with a FWHM of 6.3 meV is attributed to intrinsic GaN band edge emission. The high structural and optical qualities indicate that MSEgrown GaN epilayers can be used for fabricating high-performance devices without the need of any buffer layer.
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29.
  • Junaid, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Epitaxial Growth of GaN (0001)/Al2O3 (0001) by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputter Deposition
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Epitaxial GaN (0001) thin films were grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering of liquid Ga targets in a mixed N2/Ar discharge. A combination of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, μ-Raman mapping and spectroscopy, μ-photoluminescence, time of flight elastic recoil detection, and cathodoluminescence showed the formation of relaxed and strained domains in the same films. While the strained domains form due to ion bombardment during growth, the relaxed domains exhibit
  •  
30.
  • Kerdsongpanya, Sit, et al. (författare)
  • Anomalously high thermoelectric power factor in epitaxial ScN thin films
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 99:23, s. 232113-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thermoelectric properties of ScN thin films grown by reactive magnetron sputtering on Al2O3(0001) wafers are reported. X-ray diffraction and elastic recoil detection analyses show that the composition of the films is close to stoichiometry with trace amounts (similar to 1 at. % in total) of C, O, and F. We found that the ScN thin-film exhibits a rather low electrical resistivity of similar to 2.94 mu Omega m, while its Seebeck coefficient is approximately similar to-86 mu V/K at 800 K, yielding a power factor of similar to 2.5 x 10(-3) W/mK(2). This value is anomalously high for common transition-metal nitrides.
  •  
31.
  • Khatibi, Ali, et al. (författare)
  • Face-Centered Cubic (Al1-xCrx)2O3
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 519:8, s. 2426-2429
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report the discovery of a face-centered cubic (Al1−xCrx)2O3 solid solution [0.60bxb0.70] in films grownonto Si substrates using reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering from Al and Cr targets at 400 °C. Theproposed structure is NaCl-like with 33% vacancies on the metal sites. The unit cell parameter is 4.04 Å asdetermined by X-ray diffraction. The films have a b100N preferred crystallographic orientation and exhibithardness values up to 26 GPa and an elastic modulus of 220–235 GPa.
  •  
32.
  • Kindlund, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Microstructure and mechanical properties of : V0.5Mo0.5Nx(111)/Al2O3(0001) thin films
  • 2014
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We report results of growth, microstructure, and mechanical properties of V0.5Mo0.5Nx thin films deposited on Al2O3(0001) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. Sputtering is carried out in 5 mTorr Ar/N2 atmospheres and the growth temperatures Ts are varied between 100 and 900 °C. We find that the V0.5Mo0.5Nx/Al2O3(0001) alloy films are 111-oriented NaCl-structure. In-plane and out-of plane lattice parameters are found to decrease with increasing Ts and indicate that all alloy films are strained. V0.5Mo0.5Nx hardnesses and reduced elastic moduli increase with increasing Ts, and vary between 15-23 GPa, and 220-318 GPa, respectively. The wear resistance of the alloy films is also found to increase with increasing Ts. In addition, scanning electron micrographs of indents performed on V0.5Mo0.5Nx films show material pile-up around the indent edges and no evidence of crack arising from nanoindentation experiments. Coefficients of friction acquired at normal forces of 1000 μN are found to be of the order of 0.09.
  •  
33.
  • Kindlund, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Toughness Enhancement in Hard Ceramic Thin Films by Alloy Design
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: APL Materials. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2166-532X. ; 1:4, s. 042104-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hardness is an essential property for a wide range of applications. However, hardness alone, typically accompanied by brittleness, is not sufficient to prevent failure in ceramic films exposed to high stresses. Using VN as a model system, we demonstrate with experiment and density functional theory (DFT) that refractory VMoN alloys exhibit not only enhanced hardness, but dramatically increased ductility. V0.5Mo0.5N hardness is 25% higher than that of VN. In addition, while nanoindented VN, as well as TiN reference samples, suffer from severe cracking typical of brittle ceramics, V0.5Mo0.5N films do not crack. Instead, they exhibit material pile-up around nanoindents, characteristic of plastic flow in ductile materials. Moreover, the wear resistance of V0.5Mo0.5N is considerably higher than that of VN. DFT results show that tuning the occupancy of d-t2g metallic bonding states in VMoN facilitates dislocation glide, and hence enhances toughness, via the formation of stronger metal/metal bonds along the slip direction and weaker metal/N bonds across the slip plane.
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34.
  • Kindlund, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • V0.5Mo0.5Nx/MgO(001): Composition, nanostructure, and mechanical properties as a function of film growth temperature
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 126, s. 194-201
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • V(0.5)Mo(0.5)Nx/MgO(001) alloys with the B1-NaCI structure are grown by ultra-high-vacuum reactive magnetron sputter deposition in 5 mTorr mixed Ar/N-2 atmospheres at temperatures T-s between 100 and 900 degrees C. Alloy films grown at T-s amp;lt;= 500 degrees C are polycrystalline with a strong 002 preferred orientation; layers grown at T-s amp;gt;= 700 degrees C are epitaxial single-crystals. The N/Metal composition ratio x ranges from 1.02 +/- 0.05 with T-s = 100-500 degrees C to 0.94 +/- 0.05 at 700 degrees C to 0.64 +/- 0.05 at T-s = 900 degrees C. N loss at higher growth temperatures leads to a corresponding decrease in the relaxed lattice parameter a(0) from 4.212 A with x = 1.02 to 4.175 angstrom at x = 0.94 to 4.120 angstrom with x = 0.64. V(0.5)Mo(0.5)Nx nanoindentation hardnesses H and elastic moduli E increase with increasing T-s, from 17 +/- 3 and 323 +/- 30 GPa at 100 degrees C to 26 +/- 1 and 370 +/- 10 GPa at 900 degrees C. Both polycrystalline and single-crystal V(0.5)Mo(0.5)Nx films exhibit higher toughnesses than that of the parent binary compound VN. V(0.5)Mo(0.5)Nx films deposited at higher Ts also exhibit enhanced wear resistance. Valence-band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal an increased volume density of shear-sensitive d-t(2g) d-t(2g) metallic states for V(0.5)Mo(0.5)Nx compared to VN and the density of these orbitals increases with increasing deposition temperature, i.e., with increasing N-vacancy concentration.(C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
35.
  • Kindlund, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • V0.5Mo0.5Nx/MgO(001) layers grown at 100-900 °C : composition, nanostructure, and mechanical properties
  • 2014
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • V0.5Mo0.5Nx/MgO(001) alloys with the B1-NaCl structure are grown by ultra-highvacuum reactive magnetron sputter deposition in 5 mTorr mixed Ar/N2 atmospheres at temperatures Ts which are varied from 100 and 900 °C. Alloy films grown at Ts ≤ 500 °C are polycrystalline with a strong 002 texture; layers grown at Ts ≤ 700 °C are epitaxial single-crystals. The N/Me ratio x ranges from 0.64±0.05 with Ts = 900 °C to 0.94±0.05 at 700 °C to 1.02±0.05 with Ts = 500 to 100 °C. The N loss at higher growth temperatures leads to a corresponding decrease in the relaxed lattice parameter ao from 4.212 Å with x = 1.02 to 4.175 Å with x = 0.94 to 4.121 Å with x = 0.64. V0.5Mo0.5Nx nanoindentation hardnesses H and elastic moduli E increase with increasing Ts from 17±3 GPa and 274±31 GPa at 100 °C to 26±1 GPa and 303±10 GPa at 900 °C. Films deposited at higher Ts also exhibit enhanced wear resistance. Scanning electron micrographs of nanoindents performed in single-crystal V0.5Mo0.5Nx films and films deposited at 100 and 300 °C reveal no evidence of cracking; instead they exhibit material pile-up around the indents characteristic of plastic flow in ductile materials. Valence band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show an enhanced volume density of the shear sensitive d-t2g – d-t2g metallic states in V0.5Mo0.5Nx compared to VN and the density of these orbitals increases with increasing deposition temperature, i.e., the metallic  states become more populated with the introduction of N vacancies.
  •  
36.
  • Kindlund, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Vacancy-induced toughening in hard single-crystal V0.5Mo0.5Nx/MgO(001) thin films
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - Oxford, England : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 77, s. 394-400
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using a combination of experiments and density functional theory (DFT), we demonstrate the first example of vacancy-induced  toughening, in this case for epitaxial pseudobinary NaCl-structure substoichiometric V0.5Mo0.5Nx alloys, with N concentrations 0.55 ≤ x ≤ 1.03, grown by reactive magnetron sputter deposition. The nanoindentation hardness H(x) increases with increasing vacancy concentration from 17 GPa with x = 1.03 to 26 GPa with x = 0.55, while the elastic modulus E(x) remains essentially constant at 370 GPa. Scanning electron micrographs of indented regions show ductile plastic flow giving rise to material pile-up, rather than cracks as commonly observed for hard, but brittle, transition-metal nitrides. The increase in alloy hardness with an elastic  modulus which remains constant with decreasing x, combined with the observed material pile-up around nanoindents, DFT-calculated decrease in shear to bulk moduli ratios, and increased Cauchy pressures (C12-C44), reveals a trend toward vacancy-induced toughening. Moreover, DFT crystal orbital overlap population analyses are consistent with the above results.
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37.
  • Kolnes, Anders Jensen, et al. (författare)
  • TGFBR3L is associated with gonadotropin production in non-functioning gonadotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Pituitary. - : Springer. - 1386-341X .- 1573-7403. ; 26:2, s. 227-236
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose Transforming growth factor-beta receptor 3-like (TGFBR3L) is a pituitary enriched membrane protein selectively detected in gonadotroph cells. TGFBR3L is named after transforming growth factor-beta receptor 3 (TGFBR3), an inhibin A co-receptor in mice, due to sequence identity to the C-terminal region. We aimed to characterize TGFBR3L detection in a well-characterized, prospectively collected cohort of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PitNETs) and correlate it to clinical data.Methods 144 patients operated for clinically NF-PitNETs were included. Clinical, radiological and biochemical data were recorded. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for FSH beta and LH beta was scored using the immunoreactive score (IRS), TGFBR3L and TGFBR3 were scored by the percentage of positive stained cells.Results TGFBR3L staining was selectively present in 52% of gonadotroph tumours. TGFBR3L was associated to IRS of LH beta (median 2 [IQR 0-3] in TGFBR3L negative and median 6 [IQR 3-9] in TGFBR3L positive tumours, p < 0.001), but not to the IRS of FSH beta (p = 0.32). The presence of TGFBR3L was negatively associated with plasma gonadotropin concentrations in males (P-FSH median 5.5 IU/L [IQR 2.9-9.6] and median 3.0 [IQR 1.8-5.6] in TGFBR3L negative and positive tumours respectively, p = 0.008) and P-LH (median 2.8 IU/L [IQR 1.9-3.7] and median 1.8 [IQR 1.1-3.0] in TGFBR3L negative and positive tumours respectively, p = 0.03). TGFBR3 stained positive in 22% (n = 25) of gonadotroph tumours with no correlation to TGFBR3L.Conclusion TGFBR3L was selectively detected in half (52%) of gonadotroph NF-PitNETs. The association to LH beta staining and plasma gonadotropins suggests that TGFBR3L may be involved in hormone production in gonadotroph NF-PitNETs.
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38.
  • Kosonen, Petteri, et al. (författare)
  • Intravascular ultrasound assessed incomplete stent apposition and stent fracture in stent thrombosis after bare metal versus drug-eluting stent treatment the Nordic Intravascular Ultrasound Study (NIVUS)
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 168:2, s. 1010-1016
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: This prospective multicenter registry used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with definite stent thrombosis (ST) to compare rates of incomplete stent apposition (ISA), stent fracture and stent expansion in patients treated with drug-eluting (DES) versus bare metal (BMS) stents. ST is a rare, but potential life threatening event after coronary stent implantation. The etiology seems to be multifactorial. Methods: 124 patients with definite ST were assessed by IVUS during the acute ST event. The study was conducted in 15 high-volume percutaneous coronary intervention -centers in the Nordic-Baltic countries. Results: In early or late ST there were no differences in ISA between DES and BMS. In very late ST, ISA was a more frequent finding in DES than in BMS (52% vs. 16%; p=0.005) and the maximum ISA area was larger in DES compared to BMS(1.1 +/- 2.3 mm(2) vs. 0.1 +/- 0.5 mm(2); p=0.004). Further, ISA was more prevalent in sirolimus-eluting than in paclitaxel-eluting stents (58% vs. 37%; p-0.02). Stent fractures were found both in DES (16%) and BMS (24%); p=0.28, and not related to time of stent thrombosis occurrence. For stents with nominal diameters >= 2.75 mm, 38% of the DES and 22% of the BMS had a minimum stent area of less than 5 mm(2); p=0.14. Conclusions: Very late stent thrombosis was more prevalent and associated with more extensive ISA in DES than in BMS treated patients. Stent fracture was a common finding in ST after DES and BMS implantation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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39.
  • Kumsars, Indulis, et al. (författare)
  • Randomised comparison of provisional side branch stenting versus a two-stent strategy for treatment of true coronary bifurcation lesions involving a large side branch : the Nordic-Baltic Bifurcation Study IV
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Open heart. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2053-3624. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: It is still uncertain whether coronary bifurcations with lesions involving a large side branch (SB) should be treated by stenting the main vessel and provisional stenting of the SB (simple) or by routine two-stent techniques (complex). We aimed to compare clinical outcome after treatment of lesions in large bifurcations by simple or complex stent implantation.Methods: The study was a randomised, superiority trial. Enrolment required a SB >= 2.75 mm, >= 50% diameter stenosis in both vessels, and allowed SB lesion length up to 15 mm. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, non-procedural myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularisation at 6 months. Two-year clinical follow-up was included in this primary reporting due to lower than expected event rates.Results: A total of 450 patients were assigned to simple stenting (n = 221) or complex stenting (n=229) in 14 Nordic and Baltic centres. Two-year follow-up was available in 218 (98.6%) and 228 (99.5%) patients, respectively. The primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 6 months was 5.5% vs 2.2% (risk differences 3.2%, 95% CI -0.2 to 6.8, p=0.07) and at 2 years 12.9% vs 8.4% (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.13, p = 0.12) after simple versus complex treatment. In the subgroup treated by newer generation drug-eluting stents, MACE was 12.0% vs 5.6% (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.17, p = 0.10) after simple versus complex treatment.Conclusion: In the treatment of bifurcation lesions involving a large SB with ostial stenosis, routine two-stent techniques did not improve outcome significantly compared with treatment by the simpler main vessel stenting technique after 2 years.
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40.
  • Maeng, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Long-Term Results After Simple Versus Complex Stenting of Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions : Nordic Bifurcation Study 5-Year Follow-Up Results
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 62:1, s. 30-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives This study sought to report the 5-year follow-up results of the Nordic Bifurcation Study. Background Randomized clinical trials with short-term follow-up have indicated that coronary bifurcation lesions may be optimally treated using the optional side branch stenting strategy. Methods A total of 413 patients with a coronary bifurcation lesion were randomly assigned to a simple stenting strategy of main vessel (MV) and optional stenting of side branch (SB) or to a complex stenting strategy, namely, stenting of both MV and SB. Results Five-year clinical follow-up data were available for 404 (98%) patients. The combined safety and efficacy endpoint of cardiac death, non-procedure-related myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization were seen in 15.8% in the optional SB stenting group as compared to 21.8% in the MV and SB stenting group (p = 0.15). All-cause death was seen in 5.9% versus 10.4% (p = 0.16) and non-procedure-related myocardial infarction in 4% versus 7.9% (p = 0.09) in the optional SB stenting group versus the MV and SB stenting group, respectively. The rates of target vessel revascularization were 13.4% versus 18.3% (p = 0.14) and the rates of definite stent thrombosis were 3% versus 1.5% (p = 0.31) in the optional SB stenting group versus the MV and SB stenting group, respectively. Conclusions At 5-year follow-up in the Nordic Bifurcation Study, the clinical outcomes after simple optional side branch stenting remained at least equal to the more complex strategy of planned stenting of both the main vessel and the side branch. 
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41.
  •  
42.
  • Medlock, Jolyon M, et al. (författare)
  • Driving forces for changes in geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-3305. ; 6:1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many factors are involved in determining the latitudinal and altitudinal spread of the important tick vector Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Europe, as well as in changes in the distribution within its prior endemic zones. This paper builds on published literature and unpublished expert opinion from the VBORNET network with the aim of reviewing the evidence for these changes in Europe and discusses the many climatic, ecological, landscape and anthropogenic drivers. These can be divided into those directly related to climatic change, contributing to an expansion in the tick’s geographic range at extremes of altitude in central Europe, and at extremes of latitude in Scandinavia; those related to changes in the distribution of tick hosts, particularly roe deer and other cervids; other ecological changes such as habitat connectivity and changes in land management; and finally, anthropogenically induced changes. These factors are strongly interlinked and often not well quantified. Although a change in climate plays an important role in certain geographic regions, for much of Europe it is non-climatic factors that are becoming increasingly important. How we manage habitats on a landscape scale, and the changes in the distribution and abundance of tick hosts are important considerations during our assessment and management of the public health risks associated with ticks and tick-borne disease issues in 21st century Europe. Better understanding and mapping of the spread of I. ricinus (and changes in its abundance) is, however, essential to assess the risk of the spread of infections transmitted by this vector species. Enhanced tick surveillance with harmonized approaches for comparison of data enabling the follow-up of trends at EU level will improve the messages on risk related to tick-borne diseases to policy makers, other stake holders and to the general public.
  •  
43.
  • Muhammad, Junaid, et al. (författare)
  • Two-domain formation during the epitaxial growth of GaN (0001) on c-plane Al2O3 (0001) by high power impulse magnetron sputtering
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:12, s. 123519-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We study the effect of high power pulses in reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy on the structural properties of GaN (0001) thin films grown directly on Al2O3 (0001) substrates. The epilayers are grown by sputtering from a liquid Ga target, using a high power impulse magnetron sputtering power supply in a mixed N2/Ar discharge. X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman, micro-photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy investigations show the formation of two distinct types of domains. One almost fully relaxed domain exhibits superior structural and optical properties as evidenced by rocking curves with a full width at half maximum of 885 arc sec and a low temperature band edge luminescence at 3.47 eV with the full width at half maximum of 10 meV. The other domain exhibits a 14 times higher isotropic strain component, which is due to the higher densities of the point and extended defects, resulting from the ion bombardment during growth. Voids form at the domain boundaries. Mechanisms for the formation of differently strained domains, along with voids during the epitaxial growth of GaN are discussed.
  •  
44.
  • Olsson, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • Structure and Composition of Al(Si)CuFe Approximant Thin Films Formed by Si Substrate Diffusion
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 550:1, s. 105-109
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multilayered Al/Cu/Fe thin films with composition close to the quasicrystalline phase have been prepared by magnetron sputtering. Annealing at 600 °C yields a homogeneous film of the cubic a-approximant phase by Si substrate diffusion, which prevents the formation of the quasicrystalline phase. After 4 h annealing the film contained 8 at.% Si, which corresponds to the expected value of the a-approximant. The amount of Si in the films was found to slowly increase to ~12 at.% during continued annealing (64 h) while the α-approximant phase was retained. The lattice parameter was found to  continuously decrease as Al became substituted with Si. The film is observed to be polycrystalline with individual grains being strained in varying magnitude, and with no preferential orientation relationship to the substrate or each other.
  •  
45.
  • Olsson, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • Structure and Composition of Approximant Thin Films Formed by Substrate Diffusion
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Multilayered Al/Cu/Fe thin films with composition close to the quasicrystalline phase have been prepared by magnetron sputtering. Annealing at 600 °C yields a homogeneous film of the cubic approximant phase by Si substrate diffusion, which prevented the formation of the quasicrystalline phase. After 4 h annealing the film contained 8 at.% Si corresponding well to the expected value of the approximant. The amount of Si in the films is found to slowly increase to ~12 at.% during continued annealing (64 h) while the approximant phase was retained. The lattice parameter was continuously decreasing as Si substituted for Al.
  •  
46.
  • Pedersen, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • Low Temperature CVD of Thin, Amorphous Boron-Carbon Films for Neutron Detectors
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Chemical Vapor Deposition. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin. - 0948-1907 .- 1521-3862. ; 18:7-9, s. 221-224
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thin, amorphous boron-carbon films are deposited at low temperature (400600?degrees C) by thermally activated CVD using the organoborane triethylboron (TEB) as a single precursor. Two different carrier gases are tested. At 600?degrees C, using argon as the carrier gas, the deposition rate is close to 1?mu m h-1. The film has a density of 2.14?g?cm-3 with a B/C ratio of 3.7. When hydrogen is used as the carrier gas, the film density is 2.42?g?cm-3, the B/C ratio 4.6, and the deposition rate 0.35?mu m h-1. The hydrogen content in the films is about 34 at.-%, regardless of ambient conditions during deposition, and varies only with the deposition temperature. In addition, both the film composition and the film density are found to vary significantly with the deposition temperature and the atmospheric conditions. Based upon these results, a deposition mechanism for the growth of boron-carbon films from TEB, where the TEB molecule is decomposed to BH3 and hydrocarbons, is suggested.
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47.
  •  
48.
  • Rubulis, Aigars, et al. (författare)
  • Ischemia-induced repolarization response in relation to the size and location of the ischemic myocardium during short-lasting coronary occlusion in humans.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0736 .- 1532-8430. ; 43:2, s. 104-112
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The ventricular repolarization (VR) response to short-lasting coronary occlusion has been characterized by 3-dimensional vectorcardiography (VCG) in humans; the T vector loop becomes distorted and more circular. The purpose of this study was to relate these changes to the size of the myocardium at risk (MAR) and its location. METHODS: Continuous VCG was applied during transient coronary occlusion in 35 elective angioplasty patients, and the size of the MAR was estimated by single-photon emission computed tomography. Three VR aspects were assessed at baseline vs maximum ischemia: the ST segment, the T vector angles, and the T vector loop morphology. RESULTS: The T loop morphology changes were significantly associated with MAR size, but also dependent of its location. In contrast, the early phase of VR reflected by the ST segment responded to acute ischemia in relation to the MAR size independent of location. CONCLUSION: The VR changes were related both to the size and the location of the MAR and most pronounced during occlusion of the left anterior descending artery.
  •  
49.
  • Schmidt, Susann, et al. (författare)
  • Low-temperature growth of boron carbide coatings by direct current magnetron sputtering and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - New York : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 51:23, s. 10418-10428
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • B4C coatings for 10B-based neutron detector applications were deposited using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) processes. The coatings were deposited on Si(001) as well as on flat and macrostructured (grooved) Al blades in an industrial coating unit using B4C compound targets in Ar. The HiPIMS and DCMS processes were conducted at substrate temperatures of 100 and 400 °C and the Ar pressure was varied between 300 and 800 mPa. Neutron detector-relevant coating characterization was performed and the coating properties were evaluated with regard to their growth rate, density, level of impurities, and residual coating stress. The coating properties are mainly influenced by general process parameters such as the Ar pressure and substrate temperature. The deposition mode shows only minor effects on the coating quality and no effects on the step coverage. At a substrate temperature of 100 °C and an Ar pressure of 800 mPa, well-adhering and functional coatings were deposited in both deposition modes; the coatings showed a density of 2.2 g/cm3, a B/C ratio of ~3.9, and the lowest compressive residual stresses of 180 MPa. The best coating quality was obtained in DCMS mode using an Ar pressure of 300 mPa and a substrate temperature of 400 °C. Such process parameters yielded coatings with a slightly higher density of 2.3 g/cm3, a B/C ratio of ~4, and the compressive residual stresses limited to 220 MPa.
  •  
50.
  • Steigen, Terje K., et al. (författare)
  • Randomized study on simple versus complex stenting of coronary artery bifurcation lesions : the Nordic bifurcation study
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 114:18, s. 1955-1961
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background - The optimal stenting strategy in coronary artery bifurcation lesions is unknown. In the present study, a strategy of stenting both the main vessel and the side branch ( MV + SB) was compared with a strategy of stenting the main vessel only, with optional stenting of the side branch ( MV), with sirolimus-eluting stents. Methods and Results - A total of 413 patients with a bifurcation lesion were randomized. The primary end point was a major adverse cardiac event: cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization, or stent thrombosis after 6 months. At 6 months, there were no significant differences in rates of major adverse cardiac events between the groups ( MV + SB 3.4%, MV 2.9%; P = NS). In the MV + SB group, there were significantly longer procedure and fluoroscopy times, higher contrast volumes, and higher rates of procedure-related increases in biomarkers of myocardial injury. A total of 307 patients had a quantitative coronary assessment at the index procedure and after 8 months. The combined angiographic end point of diameter stenosis > 50% of main vessel and occlusion of the side branch after 8 months was found in 5.3% in the MV group and 5.1% in the MV + SB group ( P = NS). Conclusions - Independent of stenting strategy, excellent clinical and angiographic results were obtained with percutaneous treatment of de novo coronary artery bifurcation lesions with sirolimus-eluting stents. The simple stenting strategy used in the MV group was associated with reduced procedure and fluoroscopy times and lower rates of procedure-related biomarker elevation. Therefore, this strategy can be recommended as the routine bifurcation stenting technique.
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