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| 2. |
- Edoff, Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of IL-1β, IL-6 or LIF on rat sensory neurons co-cultured with fibroblast-like cells
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 67:2, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation may affect the local presence of sensory nerve fibers in situ and inflammatory mediators influence sensory neurons in vitro. In the present study we have investigated effects of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on survival of and neurite growth from neonatal rat sensory neurons co-cultured with fibroblast-like cells prepared from neonatal rat skin (sFLCs) or perichondrium (pFLCs). The results showed that both FLC types expressed receptors for all three cytokines. Five ng/ml of either cytokine, but not lower or higher concentrations, supported survival of DRG neurons co-cultured with sFLCs. Neuronal survival was also enhanced by addition of the soluble IL-6 receptor (rsIL-6R) with or without IL-6. In co-cultures with pFLCs neuronal survival was promoted by IL-6, increasing with cytokine concentration. Addition of rsIL-6R without IL-6 did also stimulate neuronal survival. The growth of neurites from DRG neurons co-cultured with sFLCs was stimulated by 0.5 ng/ml LIF, unaffected by 5 ng/ml LIF and inhibited by 50 ng/ml LIF. Considering DRG neurons co-cultured with pFLCs, 50 ng/ml of either of the three cytokines, as well as rsIL-6R conditioned medium, stimulated neurite outgrowth. Some of the cytokine effects observed were reduced by application of antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF). We conclude that that the cytokines examined affect DRG neurons in terms of survival or neuritogenesis, that the effects are influenced by cytokine concentration and the origin of the FLCs and that some of the effects are indirect, probably being mediated by factors released from FLCs.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Creative environment for innovative learning processes
- 2009
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Ingår i: ICED 09 - THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, VOL 10: DESIGN EDUCATION AND LIFELONG LEARNING. - 9781904670148 ; , s. 203-213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identity, skills and creativity are created in interaction with the environment and are therefore influenced by the tools individuals have access too. Since working memory is flexible, we will investigate to what extent creative environment and problem solving tasks suited for girls and boys alike will affect working memory, thereby producing knowledge on how to design creative environments in order to achieve optimal and innovative learning processes. Visual artifacts, such as toys, pictures in schoolbooks and advertisements affect children emotionally, and are crucial as role models when forming identity. Identity and self-confidence are vital in learning processes. This paper elucidates the consequences of gender-segregated toys, advertisement of toys with gender specified target groups in relation to working memory, further interest and later choice of higher education and profession. It is common that children are forced into gender stereotypical games. We suggest that interest in engineering will rise if young children are stimulated to play and create their identity individually. This is a multidisciplinary research project and a unique collaboration in which we focus on different aspects of learning processes from a visual and gender study perspective, using a neurobiological point of departure. Keywords: visual perception, design, toys, gender, working memory, image, interest, learning process.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Toy design as a Tool
- 2010
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Ingår i: DS 62: Proceedings of E and PDE 2010, the 12th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education - When Design Education and Design Research Meet. - 9781904670193 ; , s. 248-253
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to report the results of the undergraduate project course Toy Design for Creative Play (Mälardalen University, Sweden) based on human-centred design. It can be described as a design course where different academic disciplines and, consequently, different scholarly traditions meet. From an explicitly expressed gender perspective, the students were assigned the task of creating toy models that will stimulate non-gender-coded play. They worked in project groups, where the students' specific competences are applied, e.g. engineering technology, pedagogy and information design. This means that the students are confronted with issues related to technology, problem solving, gender and play. The course also aimed to build knowledge about how gender is constructed by means of play, and how this is supported by toys. The course deals with various theoretical as well as practical attributes of toys. The results of the course show that this course design can function as a successful tool for dealing with such issues as gender technology, creativity and learning processes.
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| 5. |
- Jerregård, Helena
(författare)
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Factors influencing nerve growth in situ and in vitro
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgranden till denna doktorsavhaodling är den problematik som uppstår efter en perifer nervskada, roreträdesvis i relation till handen eftersom den har så stor betydelse i vårt dagliga liv. En haod utan känsel fungerar dåligt och än sänne fungerar en handprotes. Problemet idag är inte att få nervtrådarna att växa efter en skada utan att få dem att växa rätt. Dagens mikrokirurgiska behandling av nervskador är mycket förfinad. Vi kan inte vänta oss att en fortsatt utveckling av mikrokirurgin på ett dramatiskt sätt skall bidra till en rorbättring av vår rormåga att leda utväxande nervtrådar till deras mål organ. Därror är det viktigt att studera de molekylära faktorer som bidrar till styrning av nervväxt För att studera detta har jag använt mig av två olika modeller. Först gjorde jag en experimentell studie på vuxen råtta. Frågeställningen var om man med lljälp av filtrat gjorda från två olika målorgan (muskel och hud) kan styra utväxaode nervtrådar att växa åt rätt håll. Detta visade sig vara möjligt, och frågan väcktes då hur samspelet mellao nerv och målorgao såg ut på cellnivå. För att besvara den frågan utvecklade jag en in vitro-modell där jag odlade känselnervceller tillsammans med bindvävsceller från huden (känselcellemas målorgan). Jag har använt denna odlingsmodell i tre arbeten ror att undersöka hur vissa kända molekyler påverkar nervväxt. I ett arbete beskriver jag effekter av lösta molekyler (neurotrofiner) på nervväxt I ett annat arbete studeras betydelsen av molekyler som är bundna till cellytor (celladhesionsmolekyler) för nervväxt. En tredje studie rör effekter av ämnen som flisätts vid inflammation (cytokiner) på nervväxt. Sammanfattningsvis har denna avhaodling bidragit till att öka vår kunskap om olika faktorer som är viktiga för nervväxt I en framtid kommer vi förhoppningsvis attkunna sätta ihop all den konskap om nervväxt som just nu ackumul eras på olika håll i världen till en aovändbar helhet och tillämpa den vid behaodlingen av perifera nervskador.
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| 6. |
- Jerregård, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Fibroblast-like cells from rat plantar skin and neurotrophin-transfected 3T3 fibroblasts influence neurite growth from rat sensory neurons in vitro
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurocytology. - 0300-4864 .- 1573-7381. ; 29:9, s. 653-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our previous finding that skin-derived and muscle-derived molecules can be used to sort regenerating rat sciatic nerve axons evoked questions concerning neuron-target interactions at the level of single cells, which prompted the present study. The results show that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons co-cultured with fibroblast-like skin-derived cells emit many neurites. These have a proximal linear segment and a distal network of beaded branches in direct relation to skin-derived cells. Electron microscopic examination of such co-cultures showed bundles of neurites at some distance from the target cells and single profiles closely apposed to subjacent cells. RNase protection assay revealed that cultivated skin-derived cells express nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). In co-cultures of DRG neurons and 3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing either of the neurotrophins produced by skin-derived cells the picture varied. NT-3 transfected 3T3 fibroblasts gave a growth pattern similar to that seen with skin-derived cells. Neurons co-cultured with mock-transfected 3T3 fibroblasts were small and showed weak neurite growth. In co-cultures with a membrane insert between skin-derived cells or 3T3 fibroblasts and DRG neurons few neurons survived and neurite growth was very sparse. We conclude that skin-derived cells stimulate neurite growth from sensory neurons in vitro, that these cells produce NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4 and that 3T3 fibroblasts producing NT-3 mimic the effect of skin-derived cells on sensory neurons in co-culture. Finally the results suggest that cell surface molecules are important for neuritogenesis.
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| 7. |
- Jerregård, Helena
(författare)
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Sensory neurons influence the expression of cell adhesion factors by cutaneous cells in vitro and in vivo
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurocytology. - 0300-4864 .- 1573-7381. ; 30:4, s. 327-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons co-cultured with skin-derived fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) show a strong neurite outgrowth. However, when physical contact between FLCs and neurons is prevented with membrane inserts, the DRG neurons exhibit a low survival and a deficient neurite growth. This indicates that cell adhesion molecules influence neuronal survival and neurite growth in co-cultures. The aim of the present study is to find out if selected adhesion molecules are expressed by cultivated FLCs with and without nervous influences, and/or by normal and denervated whole skin. RT-PCR data show that cultured FLCs and denervated skin express L1, N-CAM, N-cadherin and ninjurin, but not neurofascin or TAG-1. However, cultured FLCs exposed to DRG homogenates and innervated skin express N-cadherin only. Following application of neutralizing L1-, N-cadherin- and ninjurin-antibodies (but not N-CAM-antibodies) in the culture medium the mean number of surviving neurons is decreased. Co-cultures incubated with L1-, N-cadherin- or ninjurin-antibodies all show significantly less neurite outgrowth compared to controls. In conclusion, the findings in this paper indicate (i) that FLCs cultured in vitro and denervated whole skin express the cell adhesion factors L1, N-CAM, N-cadherin and ninjurin, (ii) that FLCs treated with neural molecules and innervated whole skin express N-cadherin only, (iii) that L1, N-cadherin and ninjurin are important for DRG neurons co-cultured with FLCs in vitro in terms of survival and neurite extension and (iv) that there may exist subpopulations of DRG-neurons with different sensitivities for N-cadherin- and ninjurin-antibodies.
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| 8. |
- Jerregård, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Sorting of Regenerating Rat Sciatic Nerve Fibers with Target-Derived Molecules
- 2001
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886 .- 1090-2430. ; 169:2, s. 298-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The functional outcome of microsurgical repair of divided nerves is disappointing since many regenerating axons fail to reach appropriate targets. Sorting of regenerating axons according to target tissue might be used to improve functional regeneration. The aim of the present study is to see if regenerating axons can be sorted into functionally different bundles with target-derived molecules. The proximal stump of the adult rat sciatic nerve was sutured into the inlet of a silicon Y-tube. The two branches of the Y-tube were filled with agarose primed with filtrates prepared from skin and muscle homogenates from the operated rat. The tibial and sural nerves were inserted in the two branches of the Y-tube. Six weeks later the sciatic nerve axons showed vigorous regeneration into both branches. Electron microscopic examination of regenerated nerve segments showed numerous myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The proportion of myelinated axons was significantly larger in the muscle-gel branch than in the skin-gel branch. Retrograde tracing from the nerve regenerates with Fast Blue and Fluoro-Ruby showed that ventral horn neurons at L4–L5 segmental levels were preferentially labeled from the muscle-gel branch. Neurons in corresponding dorsal root ganglia were labeled from both Y-tube branches (no significant numerical difference). A few neurons of both types contained both tracers. Measurements revealed that sensory neurons labeled from the muscle-gel branch were significantly larger (mean perikaryal area 870 μm2) than neurons labeled from the skin-gel branch (mean area 580 μm2). We conclude that regenerating motor and sensory axons can be sorted with target-derived molecules.
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