| 1. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative studies on railway and road traffic noise annoyances and the importance of number of trains
- 2011
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Ingår i: 11th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN), 24-28 July, 2011, London, UK.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Railway noise is perceived as less annoying than road traffic noise, both in terms of general annoyance and sleep disturbances according to dose-response relationships from meta-analyses. However, findings in recent years from Japanese studies show, unlike most European studies, that railway noise is perceived as more annoying than road traffic noise at sound levels >LAeq,24h 55 dB. This applies particularly to the Japanese Shinkansen express trains as well as conventional trains. Several of the Japanese studies have been done in areas with a very large number of trains (about 500-800 trains/day). In the present study, the following research questions were asked: How does a large number of trains affect noise annoyance and can the differences between Japanese studies (railway noise more annoying than road traffic noise) and European studies (railway noise less annoying than road traffic noise) in part be due to major differences in the number of trains? Socio-acoustic surveys (n=1689) were conducted in residential areas exposed to railway noise with different number of trains (124 trains/day vs. 481 trains/day) and road traffic noise (LAeq,24h 45-65 dB in all areas) The findings show that the number of trains/day, and not only the equivalent sound levels influence how railway noise is perceived. When the number of trains is very large, (481 trains/day), the proportion who are annoyed and report disturbed activities is significantly higher than in a situation with fewer trains (124 trains/day) at equal sound levels and in comparison to road traffic noise >LAeq,24h 55 dB.
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| 2. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Good sound environment in green areas modify road-traffic noise annoyance at home
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Noise Control 2009 (EURONOISE 2009). - uo : Curran Associates, Inc.. ; , s. 1579-1587
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- There has been a growing recognition among noise researchers that natural elements and natural areas of the built environment have potentials to reduce annoyance due to traffic noise. It has been suggested that presence of vegetation (e.g., trees, bushes, grass, flowers) contributes to an aesthetically pleasing environment, which influence overall residential satisfaction and people?s perception of the noise. Other expected benefits of natural elements/areas are prevention or modification of adverse effects of work-, personal-, or environmental stress (e.g., noise) through restoration processes. Within the large TVANE-project, the present study examined the effect of green areas (park or similar at walking distance) on noise responses in residential settings (n=468) exposed to road traffic noise (LAeq,24h 45 to 65 dB). A binary multiple logistic regression analysis, with sound exposure as the prime variable assumed to predict general noise annoyance at home, indicated that presence of green areas, a closer distance to it from the subject?s home, and perceived green-area characteristics (good sound environment, high attractiveness and potentials for recreational activities) significantly lowered noise annoyance. The results suggest that the exposure-response relationship between noise and annoyance is influenced by access to nearby green areas provided that they have good environmental quality, particularly regarding the perceived sound environment
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| 3. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Railway noise annoyance and the importance of number of trains, ground vibration, and building situational factors
- 2012
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Ingår i: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741. ; 14:59, s. 190-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internationally accepted exposure-response relationships show that railway noise causes less annoyance than road traffic and aircraft noise. Railway transport, both passenger and freight transport, is increasing, and new railway lines are planned for environmental reasons. The combination of more frequent railway traffic and faster and heavier trains will, most probably, lead to more disturbances from railway traffic in the near future. To effectively plan for mitigations against noise and vibration from railway traffic, new studies are needed to obtain a better basis of knowledge. The main objectives of the present study was to investigate how the relationship between noise levels from railway traffic and general annoyance is influenced by (i) number of trains, (ii) the presence of ground borne vibrations, and (iii) building situational factors, such as orientation of balcony/patio and bedroom window. Socio-acoustic field studies were executed in residential areas; (1) with relatively intense railway traffic; (2) with strong vibrations, and; (3) with the most intense railway traffic in the country. Data was obtained for 1695 respondents exposed to sound levels ranging from LAeq,24h 45 to 65 dB. Both number of trains and presence of ground-borne vibrations, and not just the noise level per se, are of relevance for how annoying railway noise is perceived. The results imply that, for the proportion annoyed to be equal, a 5 - 7 dB lower noise level is needed in areas where the railway traffic causes strong ground-borne vibrations and in areas with a very large number of trains. General noise annoyance was twice as high among residents in dwellings with balcony / patio oriented towards the railway and about 1.5 times higher among residents with bedroom windows facing the railway.
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| 4. |
- Gustafson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Nord2000 spår : Svenska emissionsdata för beräkning av bullerfrån spårburen trafik med hjälp av Nord 2000
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver emissionsdata för beräkningav buller från spårtrafik i Sverige med den Nordiskaberäkningsmetoden Nord2000. Emissionsdata ärframtagna för olika tågtyper utifrån mer än 700uppmätta tågpassager fördelade över 9 mätplatser,samt från mätningar av ytråheten på rälhuvudet pådessa platser. Totalt presenteras indataparametrar för8 motorvagnar (inklusive X2) och godståg medgjutjärnsblock skapade genom statistisk analys avmätresultaten i enlighet med ett utkast tilleuropastandard (prEN 17936). För motorvagnen ER1,godståg med skivbroms eller K-block och för lokdragnapersontåg var mätunderlaget för litet och deframtagna indata är istället baserade på bådeuppmätta passa ger och/eller äldre indata.
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| 5. |
- Jerson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Combined effects of noise and vibration from train and road traffic
- 2007
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Ingår i: Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research project addresses three aims. The first is whether a “train bonus” can be expected, i.e. whether noise from railway traffic is perceived as less annoying than road traffic noise and the same level. The second aim is to investigate the connection between disturbance and exposure to simultaneous noise and vibration from train traffic. The third issue is to investigate concurrent effects from simultaneous exposure to noise from train and road traffic.
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| 6. |
- Jerson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Elmotorvagn Coradia Duplex - Littera X40 : indata till beräkningsmodellerna NMT96 och Nord 2000
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resultaten från bullermätningarna visar att den aktuella motorvagnstypen X40 har lägre bulleremission än befintliga tågtyper som t.ex. snabbtåget X2. I diagrammen 1 och 2 redovisas X2-tågets predikterade ljudnivåer i jämförelse med mätresultaten från X40-passager.Erhållna data har normaliserats enligt beräkningsmodellerna NMT96 och Nord 2000 och ingångsdata för beräkningar av bullerimmission från elmotorvagn X40 redovisas i tabeller 6 och 7 i avsnitt 6 ”Indata beräkningsmodeller”.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Jerson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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TVANE - Train vibration and noise effects : presentation of a Swedish research project
- 2009
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Ingår i: Noise Control Engineering. International Congress And Exhibition.. - : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781605609898 ; , s. 1397-1403
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For efficient planning of noise and vibration reducing measures, it is important to have knowledge of the health effects of noise and vibrations from railway traffic as well as from road traffic noise. Issues of relevance are “the railway bonus”, the effect of simultaneous exposure to railway and road traffic noise, the effect of vibrations from railway traffic per se as well as in combination with noise, and effects of high intensive railway traffic. The TVANE-project aims to investigate all these issues by socio-acoustic field surveys, noise and vibration measurements, and laboratory experiments
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| 9. |
- Smith, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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The effects on sleep of ground borne noise from trains in tunnels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2018. May 27-31, Hersonissos, Crete.. - 2226-5147.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In residential areas around railway tunnels, there is no direct airborne noise from the railways, but residents may be exposed to ground borne noise. Nocturnal airborne railway noise has been shown to be potentially disruptive to sleep, but there is only limited previous research on the effects of ground borne railway noise. Here we present laboratory studies investigating how ground borne railway noise at levels occurring in the field impacts on sleep. Data on sound pressure level, duration and frequency content of ground borne noise from railways were collected from the scientific literature, from measurement reports and by renewed measurements at a few locations in Stockholm, Sweden. Using these data as input, the exposures for the sleep studies were synthesised to represent the variation seen in the gathered data. An initial pilot study (n=5) investigated possible differential effects of frequency content and duration (passenger vs. freight trains). Data from the pilot study implicated very low frequency train passages as potentially disruptive for sleep. The following main study (n=23) therefore further examined frequency content, and additionally examined the effect of noise level. Across both studies, young and healthy individuals spent five nights in a laboratory furnished to resemble an apartment. The first night was for adaptation to the study setting. The following four nights included a single quiet night to obtain baseline sleep, and three exposure nights involving synthesised ground borne noise from passenger and freight trains. Effects on sleep physiology and self-reported sleep outcomes were obtained using polysomnography and questionnaires respectively, although physiologic outcomes from the pilot only are herein reported.
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| 10. |
- Torstensson, Peter, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Rail Acceleration Induced by Train Pass-by—Field Measurements and Validation of a Simulation Model
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 302-311, s. 302-311
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The applicable frequency range of an existing code for simulation of vertical dynamic vehicle–track interaction is extended by implementation of a more advanced track model that includes the rail modelled by solid three-dimensional finite elements. In this paper, a previous validation of the software with respect to magnitudes of dynamic wheel–rail contact forces is supplemented by a comparison of measured and simulated rail accelerations at train pass-by. To this end, data collected as part of an extensive field measurement campaign related to the adaptation of the software CNOSSOS-EU to conditions on the Swedish railway infrastructure is used. In particular, the dataset includes measurements of track receptance, rail roughness, wheel out-of-roundness and pass-by rail acceleration. The results calculated when using a simplified two-dof mass-spring-damper wheelset model and a track model accounting for the rail by Rayleigh–Timoshenko beam elements show good agreement with those obtained for more advanced wheelset and track models deploying three-dimensional solid finite elements.
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| 11. |
- Ögren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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A system for railway noise sleep disturbance trials
- 2007
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Ingår i: Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden a new research project aimed at studying noise and vibration from railway traffic has been started. An important part of the project is controlled laboratory experiments where subjects are exposed to noise and vibration when sleeping. The first set of experiments (using only noise) have already started, and the vibration excitation is under construction. Here the focus is on the construction of the laboratory and the design of the experiments, but some preliminary results are also presented. The sound system consists of roof mounted speakers for low frequencies, and two speaker cabinets for the high frequency part. Train passages recorded in the field on the façade of a building are filtered to account for façade insulation and presented to the subjects. This enables many scenarios to be studied with the same setup by selecting the individual sounds and changing the parameters of the filter. The vibration excitation system under construction will be based on electro-dynamical shakers which will interact with the bed to force it to vibrate.
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| 12. |
- Ögren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Indata till bullerberäkningsmetoder för motorvagn X60
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report contains measurements on noise emission from the Swedish multiple unit denoted X60. The meaurements have been analyzed and used to prepare input data for the Nordic noise calculation methods for railway traffic noise NMT96 and Nord2000. The result shows that in a typical case the A-weighted noise emission per meter train is approximately 6 dB lower for X60 compared to the high speed train X2. Measurements were also carried out for the multiple unit X40, but unfortunately the spread was too large and the number of data points to small to create valid input data for the methods. More extensive research is needed, and until better data is available it is recommended to use X2 input data as an approximation of X40 noise emission.
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| 13. |
- Ögren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Mätning och beräkning av buller och vibrationer från tågtrafik inom TVANE-projektet
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The project "Effects of noise and vibrations from train and road traffic - train bonus, differences and combination effects between train and road traffic" (TVANE) started 2006 and will be finished during the beginning of 2011. The basic research method is a questionnaire survey in residential areas exposed to noise and vibrations from railway traffic and noise from road traffic. Well controlled laboratory studies were also performed. This report documents the measurements and calculations of noise and vibration were performed within the TVANE project. These data have then been used together with the questionnaire survey data to evaluate the responses such as annoyance and sleep disturbance.In total more than 30 vibration and noise measurements were performed, and the noise level was calculated in approximately 1 800 receiver points. The most important finding apart from describing the calculations and measurement methods used, is that it is not possible to predict the vibrations based only on railway and ground parameters, since the details of the construction of the exposed building will have a strong influence.Other TVANE reports and articles from conference proceedings can be downloaded from the project website: http://www.tvane.se and from the webbpage of the department of Occupational and Environmetal Medicine at the University of Gothenburg: http://www.amm.se
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| 14. |
- Ögren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Noise and vibration generation for laboratory studies on sleep disturbance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN) 2008. ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research project TVANE is aimed at studying the effects of noise and building vibrations from railway traffic, and is sponsored by the Swedish railway infrastructure manager Banverket. The project includes many studies performed both in the field with questionnaires and noise and vibration measurements, and in the laboratory. This paper describes the design of a low cost vibrating bed used in laboratory sleeping experiments, and also the sound and vibration signals that the subjects were exposed to.
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| 15. |
- Ögren, Mikael, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Nord2000 spår : Svenska emissionsdata för beräkning av buller från spårburen trafik med hjälp av Nord 2000
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver emissionsdata för beräkningav buller från spårtrafik i Sverige med den Nordiskaberäkningsmetoden Nord2000. Emissionsdata ärframtagna för olika tågtyper utifrån mer än 700uppmätta tågpassager fördelade över 9 mätplatser,samt från mätningar av ytråheten på rälhuvudet pådessa platser. Totalt presenteras indataparametrar för8 motorvagnar (inklusive X2) och godståg medgjutjärnsblock skapade genom statistisk analys avmätresultaten i enlighet med ett utkast tilleuropastandard (prEN 17936). För motorvagnen ER1,godståg med skivbroms eller K-block och för lokdragnapersontåg var mätunderlaget för litet och deframtagna indata är istället baserade på bådeuppmätta passa ger och/eller äldre indata.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Öhrström, Evy, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of railway noise and vibration in combination: field and laboratory studies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of EuroNoise 2009, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 26-28, paper 270.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most socio-acoustic surveys show that railway noise causes less general annoyance than road traffic and aircraft noise. While speech interference is recognized as a dominating effect of railway noise, few studies have investigated how railway noise affects sleep. Vibrations induced by trains may be a severe problem in areas where the ground consists of clay, especially near railway lines with heavy freight traffic. There is, however, little knowledge of the combined effects of noise and vibrations from railway traffic, especially on sleep. Railway transport is steadily increasing both in number, speed and more heavily loaded freight trains. New knowledge is therefore needed on the combined effects (e.g. annoyance and sleep disturbances) of noise and vibration, effects of a very large number of trains and if and under what conditions a railway bonus is justified. The large Swedish research project TVANE (Train Vibration and Noise Effects) addresses these research questions. This paper presents preliminary results from ongoing socio-acoustic surveys involving residents (n=980) living at different distances from the railway line in areas without train vibrations and in areas with different levels of vibrations (0.10 - 1.43 mm/s) induced by trains. Furthermore, results from experimental studies on the combined effects of noise and vibrations on sleep quality and sleep disturbances are presented. It is concluded that railway vibration levels used in the experiment (1.4 mm/s) disturb sleep to a greater extent than the railway noise levels (Lnight 31 dB). Results from field studies confirm the strong effect of railway vibrations on sleep. An interaction effect exists between noise and vibration and general annoyance to railway noise increases when combined with railway vibration.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Öhrström, Evy, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental studies on sleep disturbances due to railway and road traffic noise.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) 2008, July 21-25, Foxwoods CT,USA. - 9783980834254 ; available on CD
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to EU position papers on annoyance and on sleep disturbance, railway noise causes less adverse effects than noise from road traffic and aircraft. Some more recent studies show, however, similar or even stronger effects from railway noise than road traffic. The present experimental study examined effects on sleep from railway and road traffic noise. Eighteen young, healthy subjects with normal hearing slept 5 nights in the laboratory. They were exposed during three nights to railway noise and two types of road traffic noise, one with the same equivalent sound level as the railway noise (Lnight 31 dB) and one with the same maximum sound level as the railway noise (LAFmax 54 dB). The frequency spectra of the three sound exposures were filtered to correspond to a realistic situation in the home with the bedroom window slightly open. Sleep quality was evaluated by questionaires. The overall results revealed no differences in subjective sleep (time for falling asleep, difficulties in falling asleep, sleep quality or nighttime annoyance due to noise) between nights with railway noise and nights with road traffic noise. The average number of awakenings per night was however somewhat higher for railway noise (2.2 awakenings) as compared with the road traffic noises (1.5 and 1.3). The results from the present study contradict, to some extent, the results obtained in the latest meta analysis of dose-response relationships between sleep disturbances and different types of traffic noise, which suggest that railway noise causes less sleep disturbances than road traffic noise.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Öhrström, Evy, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Resultat och slutsatser från forskningsprogrammet TVANE : effekter av buller och vibrationer från tåg- och vägtrafik, tågbonus, skillnader och samverkan mellan tåg- och vägtrafik: slutrapport
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskningsprogrammet har fokuserat på att studera hur buller och vibrationer från tågtrafik upplevs av människor i deras boendemiljö med avseende på allmän störning, påverkan på olika dagliga aktiviteter inomhus och utanför bostaden samt hur de störs av buller och vibrationer under sin sömn. Jämförande studier har belyst skillnader i upplevelse av vägtrafikbuller och tågbuller och hur antalet tåg per dygn inverkar på olika upplevda effekter. Det förekommer ofta att bostäder är utsatta för buller både från stora trafikleder och från järnvägslinjer med hög trafikering. TVANE-programmet har studerat hur människor upplever trafikbuller i sådana situationer.Som ett komplement till fältepidemiologiska studier har experimentella studier under väl kontrollerade exponeringsförhållanden och hemlika miljöer genomförts i Ljudmiljölaboratoriet vid Arbets- och miljömedicin. I ett experiment har effekter på sömnen av vibrationer och buller från tågtrafik studerats och ett annat sömnexperiment har belyst effekter av vägtrafikbuller och tågbuller.För att kunna bestämma exponeringen för buller och vibrationer på de platser där undersökningarna genomförts har ett stort antal mätningar och beräkningar utförts inom projektet. Beräkningarna är utförda enligt de standardiserade nordiska metoderna för buller från tåg- och vägtrafik. Mätningarna genomfördes dels som korta stickprov av buller och vibrationer, dels som mer omfattande vibrationsmätningar under ett dygn för att kartlägga vibrationsexponeringen i de områden som var känsliga för markvibrationer.
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