| 1. |
- Brännstrom, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Degree of Specialisation of the Surgeon Influences Lymph Node Yield after Right-Sided Hemicolectomy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Digestive Surgery. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 0253-4886 .- 1421-9883. ; 30:4-6, s. 362-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the degree to which specialisation or case-load of the surgeon is associated with the number of lymph nodes isolated from pathology specimens after right-sided hemicolectomy. Method: Data from 6 hospitals with well-defined catchment areas included in the Uppsala/Orebro Regional Oncology Centre Colon Cancer Register 1997-2006 were used to assess 821 patients undergoing right-sided hemicolectomy for stages I Ill colon cancer. Factors influencing the lymph node yield were evaluated. Results: A surgeon with colorectal accreditation and a university pathology department were both associated with a significantly higher proportion of patients having 12 or more lymph nodes isolated from surgical specimens after right-sided hemicolectomy in both unadjusted and multivariate analyses. Emergency surgery did not affect the lymph node yield. Conclusion: The degree of specialisation of the surgeon influences the number of lymph nodes isolated from specimens obtained during routine right-sided colon cancer surgery.
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| 2. |
- Brännström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Surgeon and hospital-related risk factors in colorectal cancer surgery
- 2011
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 13:12, s. 1370-1376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to identify surgeon and hospital-related factors in a well-defined population-based cohort; the results of this study could possibly be used to improve outcome in colorectal cancer.METHOD: Data from the colonic (1997-2006) and rectal (1995-2006) cancer registers of the Uppsala/Örebro Regional Oncology Centre were used to assess 1697 patients with rectal and 2692 with colonic cancer. Putative risk factors and their impact on long-term survival were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS: The degree of specialization of the operating surgeon had no significant effect on long-term survival. When comparing the surgeons with the highest degree of specialization, noncolorectal surgeons demonstrated a slightly lower long-term survival for rectal cancer stage I and II (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.05-3.92). Surgeons with a high case-load were not associated with better survival in any analysis model. Regional hospitals had a lower survival rate for rectal cancer stage III surgery (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.08-2.00).CONCLUSION: Degree of specialization, surgeon case-load and hospital category could not be identified as important factors when determining outcome in colorectal cancer surgery in this study.
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| 3. |
- Brännström, Fredrik, 1975-
(författare)
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The impact of structural factors in colon and rectal cancer surgery
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to investigate the importance and effect of some key-structural factors on outcome of colorectal cancer surgery.Considerable improvements in the treatment of colorectal cancer, i.e. radiotherapy, chemotherapy and operative technique, have taken place since the beginning of the 80s. Recent years have also seen the introduction of multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings in routine care, although evidence that this has benefitted treatment selection and outcome is weak. A challenge still remaining, regarding colon cancer surgery, is to improve outcome for the large number of patients presenting as an emergency. Outcome in the emergency situation remains worse in both the short- and long-term perspective compared to elective cases. Although studied extensively, the impact of surgeon’s case-load and degree of specialisation on outcome of surgery remains unclear.The following specific factors were studied: the effect of surgeon’s case-load and degree of specialisation on long-term survival in a well-defined, population-based, and recent cohort; the impact of surgeon’s case-load or degree of specialisation on the number of lymph nodes harvested in routine colon cancer surgery; predictors of preoperative discussion of rectal cancer patients at a MDT conference in Sweden, and whether or not MDT assessment influences decision-making in the treatment of rectal cancer; factors associated with an increased risk for loco-regional recurrence in patients operated as an emergency for colon cancer, in a population-based cohort.Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register (SCRCR) and the local (Uppsala/Örebro) ROC-register were used to study the effect of surgeon’s caseload and surgeon’s degree of specialisation on long-term survival. Data from six hospitals in the Uppsala/Örebro health care region were extracted for the periods 1995-2006 for rectal cancer, and 1997-2006 for colon cancer. These data were updated with a surgeon-specific number and competence level as well as other missing data. Colon and rectal cancer were analysed separately and each cancer stage was analysed separately (Stages I and II grouped together). Data on patients who had undergone right-sided hemicolectomy were extracted from these data and used to investigate whether the surgeon’s case-load or degree of specialisation had an impact on the number of lymph nodes harvested. For the study on predictors of discussion at a preoperative MDT conference, data on all patients without known metastatic disease at diagnosis, who underwent elective surgery for rectal cancer 2007-2010 in Sweden, were extracted from the SCRCR. For the study on factors associated with preoperative radiotherapy, two groups were extracted from this cohort and analysed separately. The first group comprised patients who had undergone elective tumour resection with curative intent for pT3c, pT3d, pT4 tumours, and the second comprised patients who had undergone elective tumour resection with curative intent for lymph node-positive tumours. For the study on colon cancer patients operated as an emergency, the local colon cancer registry for the Stockholm-Gotland health care region was used to identify all colon cancer patients subjected to emergency resection with curative intent in this region 1997-2007. Patient records with missing information were updated. The impact of reason for emergency resection, time from admission to surgery, daytime versus night-time operation, ASA score, blood loss, and T- and N-stages on the risk for locoregional recurrence was assessed.When the highest degree of specialisation of surgeons participating in the operation was a non-colorectal surgeon, there was a slightly lower long-term survival for rectal cancer Stages I-II (HR 2.03; 95%CI 1.05-3.92). Apart from this, neither the degree of specialisation nor case-load was associated with better survival. Surgeons with colorectal accreditation were associated with a signifcantly higher proportion of patients having 12 or more lymph nodes harvested from surgical specimens after right-sided hemicolectomy in both non-adjusted and multivariate analyses, as was also university pathology department. Emergency surgery did not affect the lymph node yield. The number of rectal cancer procedures performed per year at each hospital (hospital volume) was the main predictor of MDT evaluation. Patients treated at hospitals with <29 procedures per year had an odds ratio (OR) for MDT evaluation of 0.15. Tumour stage and age also influenced the chance of MDT evaluation. MDT evaluation significantly predicted the likelihood of being treated with preoperative radiotherapy in patients with pT3c-pT4 tumours (OR 5.06) and lymph node-positive tumours (OR 3.55), even when corrected for co-morbidity and age. The only factor tested, apart from stage, influencing the risk for local recurrence after emergency colon cancer surgery was the indication for emergency surgery; perforations of the colon being a higher risk with a HR of 1.96 (95%CI 1.12-3.43).Case-load and degree of specialisation of the surgeon were found not to be important predictors of outcome in colorectal cancer surgery in this cohort. This suggests that there are other structural-related factors that are more important for outcome in colon and rectal cancer. The degree of specialisation of the surgeon did, however, influence the number of lymph nodes harvested from specimens obtained during routine right-sided colon cancer surgery, which might indicate that a higher degree of specialisation is associated with more extensive surgery. Patients with rectal cancer treated at high-volume hospitals were more likely to be discussed at a MDT conference. This in turn was identified as an independent predictor of treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy. MDT evaluation is thus a structural factor with a potentially greater impact on treatment and outcome than surgeon’s caseload and degree of specialisation, at least for patients with rectal cancer. Structural-related risk factors that were expected to predict outcome in emergency colon cancer surgery had no significant influence on the risk for locoregional recurrence.
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| 4. |
- Gunnarsson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneity of colon cancer patients reported as emergencies
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 38:7, s. 1819-1826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Up to one-fourth of all colon cancer patients are reported as emergencies, and the aim of the present study was to scrutinize mode of presentation in this group.MATERIALS AND METHODS:All reported cases of emergency (n = 263) and randomly selected elective controls (1:2) of colon cancer in four Swedish counties 2006-2008 were eligible (n = 854). Symptoms and aspects of management were retrieved from surgery and primary care records. Outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression.RESULTS:Among patients reported as emergencies, 158/263 (60 %) underwent operation within three days (acute), and 105 (40 %) after more than 3 days (subacute). In the latter group, 20/94 (21 %) had reported two symptoms, and 31/94 (33 %) had reported three or more symptoms associated with colon cancer to primary care during the last 12 months prior to surgery. In total, 46/105 (44 %) had already had an examination of the large bowel, and 52/105 (50 %) were stage IV, as opposed to 36/158 (23 %) in the acute group and 83/577 (15 %) in the elective group (p < 0.001). Mortality at 30 and 90 days was 15.2 and 35.6 % in the subacute group, 8.2 and 14.9 % in the acute group (p = 0.001), and 1.9 and 4.3 % in the elective group (p < 0.001); 5-year survival was 28.3, 40.1, and 57.8 %, respectively, in the three groups (p < 0.001). The hazard ratio, adjusted for age, sex, and stage, was 1.88 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.5-2.4) for the acute group and 2.29 (95 % CI 1.7-3.1) for the subacute group.CONCLUSIONS:Colon cancer patients reported as emergencies but operated upon more than three days after admission had the worst outcome. Efforts to decrease the interval between admission and surgery is one important aspect of care, but wider attention must also be paid to this group of patients.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Higher Frequency of Anastomotic Leakage with Stapled Compared to Hand-Sewn Ileocolic Anastomosis in a Large Population-Based Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 39:7, s. 1834-1839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stapling technique was recommended in a recent Cochrane analysis based on relatively small randomized trials between 1970 and 2009. Data from a large Swedish population-based quality register were analyzed in order to compare the leakage frequency between stapled and hand-sewn ileocolic anastomoses in colon cancer surgery. Three-thousand four-hundred and twenty-eight patients with an ileocolic anastomosis were entered in a Swedish regional quality register for colon cancer, including the type of anastomosis used. The patients were analyzed by logistic regression regarding risk for leakage, and Cox proportional hazard regression for survival associated with the technique used for anastomosis. Analyses were made for gender, age, elective or emergency surgery, duration of surgery, bleeding, cancer stage, and local radicality. Most anastomoses were hand sewn (1,908 of 3,428, 55.7 %, p < 0.001), whereas stapling was more common among emergency cases (342 of 618, 55.3 %, p < 0.001). Clinically relevant leakage appeared in 58 patients (1.7 %), of whom 51 (87.9 %) were re-operated. Leakage was found to be more frequent after stapled anastomosis (2.4 vs. 1.2 %, p = 0.006), and in multivariate analysis, stapled anastomosis was the only risk factor (OR = 2.04 95 % CI 1.19-3.50). There was no difference in overall survival related to the technique. Hand-sewn anastomosis is not associated with a higher leakage rate when comparing to a stapling procedure and is recommended for routine and emergency right-sided colon cancer surgery. This recommendation is based on what appears to be a lower leakage rate, similar survival and lower material cost.
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| 6. |
- Gustavsson, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative complications after closure of a diverting ileostoma-differences according to closure technique
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 27:1, s. 55-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare three methods for closure of a diverting ileostoma according to development of postoperative small-bowel obstruction (SBO) and anastomotic leakage (AL). METHODS: Complications arising within 30 days after closure of a defunctioning loop ileostomy in 351 patients during the period 1999-2006 were studied retrospectively by evaluation of case records. The techniques employed were: hand-sewn anastomosis without bowel resection, hand-sewn anastomosis with bowel resection and stapled anastomosis. RESULTS: Of the 351 patients, 149 had a hand-sewn anastomosis without bowel resection (HS), 70 had a hand-sewn anastomosis with bowel resection (HSR) and 132 patients had a stapled anastomosis (S). The total number of SBOs was 44 patients (12.5%). In the two hand-sewn groups, 15.5% (34 patients) suffered postoperative SBO compared to 7.6% (10 patients) in the stapled group (p = 0.029). No difference in AL could be found between the groups, where the overall frequency was 2.8% (10 patients). Median hospital stay was 6 days in the HS group, 5 days in the HSR group and 4 days in the S group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In the present study, stapled anastomosis was associated with a lower frequency of postoperative SBO and a shorter hospital stay compared to sutured anastomosis (either with or without a short small-bowel resection) after closure of a diverting ileostoma.
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| 7. |
- Jestin, Pia, 1955-
(författare)
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Colorectal Cancer : Audit and Health Economy in Colorectal Cancer Surgery in a Defined Swedish Population
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Sweden, with more than 5000 new cases annually. Median age at time of diagnosis is approximately 75 years. Owing to the ageing population, the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing. The improvement in surgical technique and the introduction of adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy increased the 5-year survival rate from approximately 30-40% in the early 1960s to almost 60% in the late 1990s. The cost of public health care has risen considerably, and case-costing systems are increasingly demanded. Linked to clinical guidelines and quality registers, such control systems form a proper basis for quality assurance projects and improvement. The aim of this thesis is to describe the efficiency and cost effectiveness of colorectal cancer treatment in a defined Swedish population. Emergency surgery for colon cancer, constituting 25% of the cases, increased both mortality and cost. Among emergency cases there was not only an increase in postoperative mortality but also a stage specific decrease in long-term survival rate. Correct staging is decisive for further treatment of patients after colon cancer surgery and influences long-term survival. The number of lymph nodes examined varied between different pathology departments and could be used as a quality measurement. The proportion of tumour stage III increased the more nodes examined. A prognostic estimation of stage III cases that is less sensitive to the number of nodes examined is proposed. A case-control study aimed at identifying risk factors for anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery confirmed previously known risk factors but failed to identify further steps during the perioperative course that were amenable to improvement. This research has confirmed that population-based quality and case-costing registers, linked to clinical guidelines, constitute a proper source for projects of quality improvement and decisions about distribution of resources in health care.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Jestin, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Emergency surgery for colonic cancer in a defined population
- 2005
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 92:1, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in emergency surgery for colonic cancer in a large population and to investigate the economic impact of such surgery. METHODS: Data from the colonic cancer registry (1997-2001) of the Uppsala/Orebro Regional Oncological Centre were analysed and classified by hospital category. Some 3259 patients were included; 806 had an emergency and 2453 an elective procedure. Data for calculating effects on health economy were derived from a national case-costing register. RESULTS: Patients who had emergency surgery had more advanced tumours and a lower survival rate than those who had an elective procedure (5-year survival rate 29.8 versus 52.4 per cent; P < 0.001). There was a stage-specific difference in survival, with poorer survival both for patients with stage I and II tumours and for those with stage III tumours after emergency compared with elective surgery (P < 0.001). Emergency surgery was associated with a longer hospital stay (mean 18.0 versus 10.0 days; P < 0.001) and higher costs (relative cost 1.5 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.4 to 1.6)) compared with elective surgery. The duration of hospital stay was the strongest determinant of cost (r(2) = 0.52, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Emergency surgery for colonic cancer is associated with a stage-specific increase in mortality rate.
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| 10. |
- Jestin, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery : a case-control study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 10:7, s. 715-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: With introduction of the total mesorectal excision technique and preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer surgery, the local recurrence rate has decreased and the overall survival has improved. One drawback, however, is the high anastomotic leakage rate of approximately 10-18%. Male gender and low anastomoses are known risk factors for such leakage. The aim of this study was to identify potentially modifiable risk factors. METHOD: In a case-control study, data from the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry (1995-2000) were analysed. Cases were all patients with anastomotic leakage after an anterior resection (n = 134). Two controls were randomly selected for each case. The medical records (n = 402) were checked against a study protocol. Due to incorrect recording two cases and 28 controls were excluded from further analyses. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis significant risk factors were American Society of Anesthesiologists score > 2 [OR = 1.40 (95% CI 1.05-1.83)], preoperative radiotherapy [OR = 1.34 (95% CI 1.06-1.69)], intraoperative adverse events [OR = 1.85 (95% CI 1.32-2.58)], level of anastomosis
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Kodeda, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based data from the Swedish Colon Cancer Registry
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 100:8, s. 1100-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Evaluating the external validity of clinical trials requires knowledge not only of the study population but also of a relevant reference population. The main aim of this study was to present data from a large, contemporary, population-based cohort of patients with colonic cancer. Methods Data on patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2011 were extracted from the Swedish Colon Cancer Registry. The data, registered prospectively in a national population of almost 10 million, included over 99 per cent of all diagnosed adenocarcinomas of the colon. Results This analysis included 18889 patients with 19526 tumours (3 center dot 0 per cent had synchronous tumours). The sex distribution was fairly equal, and the median age was 74 center dot 1 (interquartile range 65-81) years. The overall and relative (cancer-specific) survival rates after 3 years were 62 center dot 7 and 71 center dot 4 per cent respectively. Some 88 center dot 0 per cent of the patients were operated on, and 83 center dot 8 per cent had tumours resected. Median blood loss during bowel resection was 200 (mean 311) ml, and the median operating time was 160min; 5 center dot 6 per cent of the procedures were laparoscopic. Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to 2 center dot 1 per cent of patients; postoperative chemotherapy was planned in 90 center dot 1 per cent of fit patients aged less than 75 years with stage III disease. In patients operated on in an emergency setting (21 center dot 5 per cent), the preoperative evaluation was less extensive, the proportion of R0 resections was lower, and the outcomes were poorer, in both the short and long term. Conclusion These population-based data represent good-quality reference points.
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| 13. |
- Morner, Malin E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Blood Loss During Colon Cancer Surgery for Long-Term Survival : An Epidemiological Study Based on a Population Based Register
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 255:6, s. 1126-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that the amount of blood loss during surgery for colonic cancer influences long-term survival. Background: The perioperative blood loss during surgery for colorectal cancer relates to the risk for complications and early mortality. Methods: All patients who underwent surgery for colon cancer between 1997 and 2003 in the health-care region of Uppsala/Orebro were prospectively registered at the regional oncological center. Data on patients who underwent radical surgery for stages I to III disease were analyzed. Patients who died within 6 months after surgery were excluded. Hazard ratios were calculated with uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. Because of covariation, blood loss, blood transfusion, and complications were tested in separate multivariate analyses. Results: Blood loss of 250 mL or more during surgery, male gender, occurrence of complications, age more than 75 years, and stage III disease were risk factors for overall mortality in the uni- and multivariate analyses. Perioperative blood transfusion was shown to be a risk factor in the univariate analysis only. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that degree of blood loss during surgery for colon cancer is a factor that influences long-term survival.
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| 14. |
- Morner, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Volume of blood loss during surgery for colon cancer is a risk determinant for future small bowel obstruction caused by recurrence-a population-based epidemiological study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's archives of surgery (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2443 .- 1435-2451. ; 400:5, s. 599-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a serious late complication after abdominal surgery. The pathogenesis of intra-abdominal adhesions has been extensively studied and reviewed, but the cascade of mechanisms involved is still not understood. The objective was to test the hypothesis that increasing volume of blood loss during surgery for colon cancer increases the risk for future SBO, mainly due to adhesions. Data were retrieved from the Regional Quality Register for all patients undergoing locally radical surgery for colon cancer 1997-2003 (n = 3 554) and matched with the Swedish National Patient Register data on surgery and admission for SBO. Records were reviewed to determine the etiology of surgery for SBO. Uni- and multivariate Cox analyses were used. One hundred ten patients (3.1 %) underwent surgery for SBO > 30 days after the index operation. Blood loss a parts per thousand yen250 ml was an independent risk factor for surgery for SBO due to recurrence (HR 2.20; 95 % CI 1.12-4.31). Amount of blood loss did not affect the risk for surgery for SBO due to adhesions. Furthermore, blood loss of a parts per thousand yen250 ml increased the risk for hospital admission for SBO not requiring surgery. Blood loss a parts per thousand yen250 ml during surgery for colon cancer is an independent risk factor for later surgery for SBO caused by tumor recurrence, not by adhesions.
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