| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Dang, Wen-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic effects of artesunate on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice are dependent on T follicular helper cell differentiation and activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - München : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anti-malarial drug artesunate (ART), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisnin, has immunosuppressive effects on several autoimmune diseases, including Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Colitis. However, molecular mechanisms of ART, especially on follicular helper T cells (Tfh), central players in SLE pathology, are far from clear.PURPOSE: The object for this work is to investigate the therapeutic effect of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory function on Tfh cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: MRL/lpr mice were used to explore therapeutic effects of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory functions on Tfh cells. Then, experiments of renal function were accomplished using the biochemical kits. Effects of ART on histopathology of kidneys, inflammatory factors and autoantibodies were examined using H&E staining, ELISA and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to examine effects of ART on Tfh differentiation and Jak2-Stat3 signaling pathway.RESULTS: Upon oral administration, ART significantly prolonged the survival of MRL/lpr mice, ameliorated the lupus nephritis symptoms, decreased the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies deposited in the kidney, and the levels of pathogenic cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-21). After ART treatment, T-cell compartment in the spleen of MRL/lpr mice was restored in terms of reduction in the number of Tfh cells and in the maintenance of the ratio of Tfr to follicular regulatory T cells (Tfh). In addition, ART has significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Jak2 and Stat3 in the MRL/lpr mice.CONCLUSION: ART showed therapeutic effects on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the differentiation of Tfh cells as well as altering the activation status of Jak2-Stat3 signaling cascade. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH
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| 5. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 6. |
- Guo, Hui-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Alleviation of allergic asthma by rosmarinic acid via gut-lung axis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma affects 3% of the global population, leading to over 0.25 million deaths. Due to its complexity, asthma is difficult to cure or prevent, and current therapies have limitations. This has led to a growing demand for alternative asthma treatments. We found rosmarinic acid (RosA) as a potential new drug candidate from natural medicine. However, RosA has poor bioavailability and remains mainly in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in its bioactivity. Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of RosA in alleviating allergic asthma by gut-lung axis. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites analysis to investigate RosA's modulation of gut microbiota. Techniques of molecular biology and metabolomics were employed to study the pharmacological mechanism of RosA. Cohousing was used to confirm the involvement of gut microbiota in RosA-induced improvement of allergic asthma. Results: RosA decreased cholate levels from spore-forming bacteria, leading to reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) synthesis, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. It also increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, facilitating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins to promote intestinal integrity. SCFAs upregulated intestinal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), thereby improving their systemic delivery to reduce Th2/ILC2 mediated inflammatory response and suppress eosinophil influx and mucus production in lung. Additionally, RosA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and translocation, leading to reduced TLR4-NF kappa B mediated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The anti-asthmatic mechanism of oral RosA is primarily driven by modulation of gut microbiotaderived 5-HT, SCFAs, and LPS, achieving a combined synergistic effect. RosA is a safe, effective, and reliable drug candidate that could potentially replace glucocorticoids for asthma treatment.
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| 7. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 8. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Tian, Yu-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Investigations and facile synthesis of a series of novel multi-functional two-photon absorption materials
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 17:34, s. 3646-3654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six centrosymmetric D-(pi-A)(3) structural triphenylamine derivatives that can be used as two- photon photopolymerization and optical data storage chromophores, tris[ 4-( 4- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 1), tris[ 4-( 2- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 2), tris( 4- cyanoethenylphenyl) amine ( 3), tris[ 4- butylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 4), tris[ 4- methylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 5) and tris[ 4- acrylicethenylphenyl] amine ( 6), have been successfully synthesized via a triple palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling reaction, and the novel chromophores were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H-NMR and ESIMS. The structure for 3 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. One- and two-photon absorption and fluorescence in various solvents were experimentally investigated. Two-photon initiated polymerization microfabrication and optical data recording experiments were carried out under 780 nm laser radiation, and the possible polymerization mechanism is discussed based on theoretical calculations. All the six chromophores have relatively large two-photon absorption crosssections, and exhibit optical memory and highly efficient two-photon initiated polymerization abilities.
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| 11. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 12. |
- Wang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Azadithiolates cofactor of the iron-only hydrogenase and its PR3-monosubstituted derivatives : Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and protonation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X .- 1872-8561. ; 692:24, s. 5501-5507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core structure (mu-SCH2)(2)NH[Fe-2(CO)(6)](5) of Fe-only hydrogenases active site model has been synthesized by the condensation of iron carbonyl sulfides, formaldehyde and silyl protected amine. Its monosubstituted complexes (mu-SCH2)(2)NH[Fe-2(CO)(5)PR3] (R = Ph (6), Me (7)) were accordingly prepared. The coordination configurations of 5 and 6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Protonation of complex 7 to form the N-protonated product occurs in an acetonitrile solution upon addition of triflic acid. The redox properties of these model complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- An, Feng-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment of a Large Animal Model for Eustachian Tube Functional Study in Miniature Pigs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Anatomical Record Part A-discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology. - : WILEY. - 1552-4884 .- 1932-8494. ; 302:6, s. 1024-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was performed to investigate whether miniature pigs are a suitable animal model for studies of the Eustachian tube (ET). Sixteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs were used in this investigation. Ten animals were used for anatomical and morphometric analyses to obtain qualitative and quantitative information regarding the ET. Three animals were used for histological analysis to determine the fine structure of ET cross-sections. Three animals were used to investigate the feasibility of balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET). The anatomical study indicated that the pharyngeal orifice and tympanic orifice of the miniature pig ET are located at the posterior end of the nasal lateral wall and anterior wall of the middle ear cavity, respectively. The cartilaginous tube was seen to pass through the whole length of the ET, the length of the cartilaginous part of the ET and the diameter of the isthmus were similar between humans and miniature pigs. The inclination of the ET in miniature pigs was larger than that in humans. The gross histology seemed to be slightly different between miniature pig and human, but the fine structures were essentially the same in both species. BDET experiments verified that the miniature pig model is suitable as a model for clinical operations. The miniature pig ET corresponds very well to that of humans. In addition, the miniature pig ET is suitable as a model for clinical operations. Therefore, the miniature pig is a valid animal model for ET study.
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| 15. |
- Bai, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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New ecological redline policy (ERP) to secure ecosystem services in China
- 2016
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 55, s. 348-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China is facing huge environmental problems, with its current rapid rate of urbanization and industrialization causing biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and land resources degradation on a major scale. To overcome management conflicts and secure ecosystem services, China has proposed a new 'ecological redline policy' (ERP) using ecosystem services as a way to meet its targets. By giving environmental policy redline status, China is demonstrating strong commitment in its efforts to tackle environmental degradation and secure ecosystem services for the future. This is already having impact, as the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission are prepared to work together to implement the new environmental policy.
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| 16. |
- Bartoletti, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction and fundamentals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Positioning and Location-based Analytics in 5G and Beyond. - 9781119911463 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter introduces the book and presents the main principles and fundamentals for positioning and location-based analytics, thus effectively providing the basis for the following chapters. After a brief introduction and motivation for the book, we present the main use cases, verticals, and applications for positioning and location-based analytics. Then, we provide the technical fundamentals for understanding positioning and navigation algorithms, as well as location-based analytics. An introduction to the architectural principles is presented. Finally, an outline of the book chapters is provided.
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| 17. |
- Bartoletti, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning methods
- 2024
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Ingår i: Positioning and Location-based Analytics in 5G and Beyond. - 9781119911463 ; , s. 21-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter introduces the main positioning methods, starting from the state-of-the-art and following a statistical estimation perspective. This is followed by an in-depth treatment of radio positioning, first focusing on device-based positioning and then on device-free positioning. Finally, recent approaches based on artificial intelligence methods for positioning are detailed.
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| 18. |
- Björck, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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A South Atlantic island record uncovers shifts in westerlies and hydroclimate during the last glacial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 15:6, s. 1939-1958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean ventilation and atmospheric CO2 levels. However, many uncertainties regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4-18.6 kyr old lake sediment sequence on Nightingale Island (NI). It is strategically located at 37ĝF S in the central South Atlantic (SA) within the SHW belt and situated just north of the marine Subtropical Front (SF). This has enabled us to assess hydroclimate changes and their link to the regional climate development as well as to large-scale climate events in polar ice cores. The NI record exhibits a continuous impact of the SHW, recording shifts in both position and strength, and between 36 and 31 ka the westerlies show high latitudinal and strength-wise variability possibly linked to the bipolar seesaw. This was followed by 4 kyr of slightly falling temperatures, decreasing humidity and fairly southerly westerlies. After 27 ka temperatures decreased 3-4 ĝC, marking the largest hydroclimate change with drier conditions and a variable SHW position. We note that periods with more intense and southerly-positioned SHW seem to be related to periods of increased CO2 outgassing from the ocean, while changes in the cross-equatorial gradient during large northern temperature changes appear as the driving mechanism for the SHW shifts. Together with coeval shifts of the South Pacific westerlies, our results show that most of the Southern Hemisphere experienced simultaneous atmospheric circulation changes during the latter part of the last glacial. Finally we can conclude that multiproxy lake records from oceanic islands have the potential to record atmospheric variability coupled to large-scale climate shifts over vast oceanic areas..
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| 19. |
- Björck, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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Relative sea level changes and glacio-isostatic modelling in the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Chile : glacial and tectonic implications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Beagle Channel crosses the southernmost tip of South America (Tierra del Fuego), connecting the South Atlantic with the Southeastern Pacific. Raised beaches occur up to 10 m above mean sea level (m a.m.s.l.), especially along the northern (Argentinian) shore, and have been dated using marine shells. The southern (Chilean) shore is well-known for its abundance of shell middens at different levels above the present shore, particularly along the island of Isla Navarino, but the relative sea level history in this glacially impacted landscape has not previously been investigated. In this study we present postglacial relative sea level changes on Isla Navarino, based on sediment cores from six lagoons, bogs or lakes, and stratigraphic investigations of three open sections, of which one is of MIS 5e age. In addition, one core from a lagoon in the south-western Beagle Channel has been analysed and a system of terraces was mapped in the north-western Beagle Channel. The analyses of the core sites have resulted in two tentative relative sea level curves, displaying a rapid sea level rise at 8500−6500 cal yr BP, amounting to ∼10 and 14 m in eastern and western Isla Navarino, respectively, and reaching levels of ∼8 and > 10 m, respectively, followed by a slow relative sea level fall. Our sea level observations have been compared with a range of modelling results of glacial-isostatic adjustments (GIA) for estimating timing of deglaciation and ice sheet thicknesses. Based mainly on the GIA modelling of the altitude of the MIS 5e beach sediments, situated at 13 m, we can conclude that no other uplift than GIA is needed to explain their altitude. Regarding the modelling of postglacial sea levels we can conclude that no model has been found that satisfies all of the observational evidence, but that deglaciation most likely preceded Northern Hemisphere main deglaciation by at least 3 kyr, which agrees with the deglaciation age of Isla Navarino (>16 000 cal yr BP). In addition, our model runs imply that the Patagonian and Tierra del Fuego ice sheet thicknesses were in the order of ∼1500 m.
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| 20. |
- Cao, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of switching mechanism in molecular junctions by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:29, s. 11018-11022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present first-principles studies on electron transport properties of Pd-dithiolated oligoaniline-Pd molecular junctions. It is to demonstrate the possibility of using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) to identify the switching mechanism in the molecular junction. Calculations have successfully reproduced the experimentally observed conductance switching behavior and the corresponding inelastic electron tunneling spectra. It is shown that the conductance switching is induced by conformation changes of the intercalated dithiolated oligoaniline in the junctions rather than oxidation/reduction as proposed earlier. Among three possible isomers, the low and high conductance states are related to two symmetrical structures. The possible involvement of asymmetric structure is discussed. It is revealed that chemical bonds between the terminal S atom and Pd electrodes are quite weak with relatively long bond distances.
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| 21. |
- Cao, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-dependent statistical behavior of single molecular conductance in aqueous solution
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 130:21, s. 6674-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have combined molecular dynamics simulations with first principles calculations to study electron 4 transport in a single molecule of perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) sandwiched between two gold electrodes with an aqueous electrolyte. This combination has for the first time allowed one to reveal statistical behavior of molecular conductance in solution at different temperatures and to produce conductance histograms that can be directly compared with experiments. Our calculations show that experimentally observed temperature-dependent conductance ran be attributed to the thermal effect on the hydrogen bonding network around the molecule and can be described by the radial distribution of water molecules surrounding the oxygen atom in the PTCDI molecule.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Chen, Chang, et al.
(författare)
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Untargeted screening of unknown xenobiotics and potential toxins in plasma of poisoned patients using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Generation of xenobiotic fingerprint using background subtraction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 944, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel analytical workflow was developed and applied for the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in biological samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based data-independent MSE acquisition was employed to record full scan MS and fragment spectral datasets of test and control samples. Then, an untargeted data-mining technique, background subtraction, was utilized to find xenobiotics present only in test samples. Structural elucidation of the detected xenobiotics was accomplished by database search, spectral interpretation, and/or comparison with reference standards. Application of the workflow to analysis of unknown xenobiotics in plasma samples collected from four poisoned patients led to generation of xenobiotic profiles, which were regarded as xenobiotic fingerprints of the individual samples. Among 19 xenobiotics detected, 11 xenobiotics existed in a majority of the patients plasma samples, thus were considered as potential toxins. The follow-up database search led to the tentative identification of azithromycin (X5), alpha-chaconine (X9) and penfluridol (X12). The identity of X12 was further confirmed with its reference standard. In addition, one xenobiotic component (Y5) was tentatively identified as a penfluridol metabolite. The remaining unidentified xenobiotics listed in the xenobiotic fingerprints can be further characterized or identified in retrospective analyses after their spectral data and/or reference compounds are available. This HRMS-based workflow may have broad applications in the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in individual biological samples, such as forensic and toxicological analysis and sport enhancement drug screening. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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A CORDIC-Based Architecture with Adjustable Precision and Flexible Scalability to Implement Sigmoid and Tanh Functions
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2020. - : IEEE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the artificial neural networks, tanh (hyperbolic tangent) and sigmoid functions are widely used as activation functions. Past methods to compute them may have shortcomings such as low precision or inflexible architecture that is difficult to expand, so we propose a CORDIC-based architecture to implement sigmoid and tanh functions, which has adjustable precision and flexible scalability. It just needs shift-add-or-subtract operations to compute high-accuracy results and is easy to expand the input range through scaling the negative iterations of CORDIC without changing the original architecture. We adopt the control variable method to explore the accuracy distribution through software simulation. A specific case (ARCH:(1, 15, 18), RMSE: 10(-6)) is designed and synthesized under the TSMC 40nm CMOS technology, the report shows that it has the area of 36512.78 mu m(2) and power of 12.35mW at the frequency of 1GHz. The maximum work frequency can reach 1.5GHz, which is better than the state-of-the-art methods.
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| 25. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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An Efficient Hardware Architecture with Adjustable Precision and Extensible Range to Implement Sigmoid and Tanh Functions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Electronics. - : MDPI. - 2079-9292. ; 9:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficient and precise hardware implementations of tanh and sigmoid functions play an important role in various neural network algorithms. Different applications have different requirements for accuracy. However, it is difficult for traditional methods to achieve adjustable precision. Therefore, we propose an efficient-hardware, adjustable-precision and high-speed architecture to implement them for the first time. Firstly, we present two methods to implement sigmoid and tanh functions. One is based on the rotation mode of hyperbolic CORDIC and the vector mode of linear CORDIC (called RHC-VLC), another is based on the carry-save method and the vector mode of linear CORDIC (called CSM-VLC). We validate the two methods by MATLAB and RTL implementations. Synthesized under the TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology, we find that a special case AR divide VR(3,0), based on RHC-VLC method, has the area of 4290.98 mu m2 and the power of 1.69 mW at the frequency of 1.5 GHz. However, under the same frequency, AR divide VC(3) (a special case based on CSM-VLC method) costs 3196.36 mu m2 area and 1.38 mW power. They are both superior to existing methods for implementing such an architecture with adjustable precision.
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| 26. |
- Chen, Hui, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Doppler-Enabled Single-Antenna Localization and Mapping Without Synchronization
- 2022
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Ingår i: GLOBECOM - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. ; , s. 6469-6474
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radio localization is a key enabler for joint communication and sensing in the fifth/sixth generation (5G/6G) communication systems. With the help of multipath components (MPCs), localization and mapping tasks can be done with a single base station (BS) and single unsynchronized user equipment (UE) if both of them are equipped with an antenna array. However, the antenna array at the UE side increases the hardware and computational cost, preventing localization functionality. In this work, we show that with Doppler estimation and MPCs, localization and mapping tasks can be performed even with a singleantenna mobile UE. Furthermore, we show that the localization and mapping performance will improve and then saturate at a certain level with an increased UE speed. Both theoretical Cram´er-Rao bound analysis and simulation results show the potential of localization under mobility and the effectiveness of the proposed localization algorithm.
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| 27. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Doppler-Enabled Single-Antenna Localization and Mapping Without Synchronization
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). - Piscataway : IEEE. - 9781665435406 ; , s. 6469-6474
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radio localization is a key enabler for joint communication and sensing in the fifth/sixth generation (SG/6G) communication systems. With the help of multipath components (MPCs), localization and mapping tasks can be done with a singlebase station (BS) and single unsynchronized user equipment (UE) if both of them are equipped with an antenna array. However, the antenna array at the UE side increases the hardware and computational cost, preventing localization functionality. In thiswork we show that with Doppler estimation and MPCs, localization and mapping tasks can be performed even with a single antenna mobile UE. Furthermore, we show that the localization and mapping performance will improve and then saturate ata certain level with an increased UE speed. Both theoretical Cramer-Rao bound analysis and simulation results show the potential of localization under mobility and the effectiveness of the proposed localization algorithm. © 2022 IEEE
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| 28. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
-
Repeat periods of electrical stimulation prolong the modulation of the micturition reflex in the rat
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : WILEY. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 37:8, s. 2480-2486
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsMethodsThe aim of this study was to determine if the duration of the micturition reflex modulation could be prolonged by repeated periods of afferent stimulation in the decorticated rat. Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study, 10 for intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES), and 8 for Ano-genital pudendal afferents stimulation. Repeated constant flow cystometries were performed with body-warm saline (0.06-0.1mL/min) at about 10min interval. The selected afferents were stimulated continuously for 5min at maximal intensity. The same stimulation was repeated six times with a pause of 5min between the stimulations. The mean threshold volume of cystometries performed during one hour before and each hour after the stimulation were compared. ResultsConclusionsAfter six periods of IVES, the micturition threshold volume decreased to its lowest value (62% of control) during the first hour and remained at 80% 4h later (n=10, Pamp;lt;0.01). Ano-genital afferent stimulation produced a corresponding increase in the micturition threshold volume. The long-lasting poststimulation effect was again observed for more than 5h. During the first hour the mean threshold volume increased to 211% of controls and it remained at about this level for the entire observation period (n=8, Pamp;lt;0.01). Repeated short periods of stimulation prolonged the modulatory effect well beyond the stimulation period. The findings provide experimental evidence supporting the clinical application of IVES and ano-genital stimulation for treatment of neurogenic urinary bladder dysfunction.
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| 29. |
- Chen, Zhi, et al.
(författare)
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Large-Area Crystalline Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Thin Films
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:25, s. 14124-14130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report that continuous MOF films with highly controlled thickness (from 44 to 5100 nm) can be deposited over length scales greater than 80 centimeters by a facile, fast, and cost-effective spray-coating method. Such success relies on our discovery of unprecedented perfectly dispersed colloidal solutions consisting of amorphous MOF nanoparticles, which we adopted as precursors that readily converted to the crystalline films upon low-temperature in situ heating. The colloidal solutions allow for the fabrication of compact and uniform MOF films on a great deal of substrates such as fluorine-doped tin oxide, glass, SiO2, Al2O3, Si, Cu, and even flexible polycarbonate, widening their technological applications where substrates are essential. Despite the present work focuses on the fabrication of uniform cobalt-(2-methylimidazole)2 and zinc-(2-methylimidazole)2 films, our findings mark a great possibility in producing other high-quality MOF thin films on a large scale.
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| 30. |
- Conroy-Beam, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 40:5, s. 479-491
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mate choice lies dose to differential reproduction, the engine of evolution. Patterns of mate choice consequently have power to direct the course of evolution. Here we provide evidence suggesting one pattern of human mate choice-the tendency for mates to be similar in overall desirability-caused the evolution of a structure of correlations that we call the d factor. We use agent-based models to demonstrate that assortative mating causes the evolution of a positive manifold of desirability, d, such that an individual who is desirable as a mate along any one dimension tends to be desirable across all other dimensions. Further, we use a large cross-cultural sample with n = 14,478 from 45 countries around the world to show that this d-factor emerges in human samples, is a cross-cultural universal, and is patterned in a way consistent with an evolutionary history of assortative mating. Our results suggest that assortative mating can explain the evolution of a broad structure of human trait covariation.
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| 31. |
- Conroy-Beam, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting Computational Models of Mate Preference Integration Across 45 Countries
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans express a wide array of ideal mate preferences. Around the world, people desire romantic partners who are intelligent, healthy, kind, physically attractive, wealthy, and more. In order for these ideal preferences to guide the choice of actual romantic partners, human mating psychology must possess a means to integrate information across these many preference dimensions into summaries of the overall mate value of their potential mates. Here we explore the computational design of this mate preference integration process using a large sample of n = 14,487 people from 45 countries around the world. We combine this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets. Across cultures, people higher in mate value appear to experience greater power of choice on the mating market in that they set higher ideal standards, better fulfill their preferences in choice, and pair with higher mate value partners. Furthermore, we find that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.
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| 32. |
- Erttmann, Saskia F., et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota prime systemic antiviral immunity via the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1074-7613 .- 1097-4180. ; 55:5, s. 847-861
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microbiota are vital for immune homeostasis and provide a competitive barrier to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Here, we investigated how gut commensals modulate systemic immunity and response to viral infection. Antibiotic suppression of the gut microbiota reduced systemic tonic type I interferon (IFN-I) and antiviral priming. The microbiota-driven tonic IFN-I-response was dependent on cGAS-STING but not on TLR signaling or direct host-bacteria interactions. Instead, membrane vesicles (MVs) from extracellular bacteria activated the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis by delivering bacterial DNA into distal host cells. DNA-containing MVs from the gut microbiota were found in circulation and promoted the clearance of both DNA (herpes simplex virus type 1) and RNA (vesicular stomatitis virus) viruses in a cGAS-dependent manner. In summary, this study establishes an important role for the microbiota in peripheral cGAS-STING activation, which promotes host resistance to systemic viral infections. Moreover, it uncovers an underappreciated risk of antibiotic use during viral infections.
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| 33. |
- Feng, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Tea Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in Older People in Rural China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 61:11, s. 1943-1947
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo examine the association between tea consumption and depressive symptoms in Chinese older people and to explore the mediating role of cerebrovascular disease in the association. DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study. SettingA rural community near Qufu in Shandong, China. ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older (mean 68.6; 59.3% female) from the Confucius Hometown Aging Project (N=1,368). MeasurmentsData were collected through interviews, clinical examinations, and psychological testing, following a standard procedure. Presence of high depressive symptoms was defined as a score of 5 or greater on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. ResultsOf the 1,368 participants, 165 (12.1%) were weekly and 489 (35.7%) were daily tea consumers. Compared with no or irregular tea consumption, controlling for age, sex, education, leisure activities, number of comorbidities, and Mini-Mental State Examination score, the odds ratios of having high depressive symptoms were 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.56-1.32) for weekly and 0.59 (95% CI=0.43-0.81) for daily tea consumption (P for linear trend=.001); the linear trend of the association remained statistically significant when further controlling for history of stroke, transient ischemic attacks, and presence of carotid plaques. ConclusionsDaily tea consumption is associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in Chinese older people living in a rural community. The association appears to be independent of cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
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| 34. |
- Fresard, Laure, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of rare-disease genes using blood transcriptome sequencing and large control cohorts
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:6, s. 911-919
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is estimated that 350 million individuals worldwide suffer from rare diseases, which are predominantly caused by mutation in a single gene(1). The current molecular diagnostic rate is estimated at 50%, with whole-exome sequencing (WES) among the most successful approaches(2-5). For patients in whom WES is uninformative, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has shown diagnostic utility in specific tissues and diseases(6-8). This includes muscle biopsies from patients with undiagnosed rare muscle disorders(6,9), and cultured fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial disorders(7). However, for many individuals, biopsies are not performed for clinical care, and tissues are difficult to access. We sought to assess the utility of RNA-seq from blood as a diagnostic tool for rare diseases of different pathophysiologies. We generated whole-blood RNA-seq from 94 individuals with undiagnosed rare diseases spanning 16 diverse disease categories. We developed a robust approach to compare data from these individuals with large sets of RNA-seq data for controls (n = 1,594 unrelated controls and n = 49 family members) and demonstrated the impacts of expression, splicing, gene and variant filtering strategies on disease gene identification. Across our cohort, we observed that RNA-seq yields a 7.5% diagnostic rate, and an additional 16.7% with improved candidate gene resolution.
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| 35. |
- Gao, Ruo Bin, et al.
(författare)
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A Wideband Co-Linearly Polarized Composite Antenna with High Isolation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. - 1536-1225. ; 23:1, s. 419-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a high-isolation two-port co-linearly polarized (co-LP) composite antenna is proposed. Dipole and W8JK array modes with co-LP omnidirectional patterns can be simultaneously supported by a plate with two etched back-to-back tapered slots. A microstrip differential and a T-divider coupling feeding networks are developed to selectively excite the dipole and W8JK modes, which results in a high isolation and low correlation between two co-LP ports without using any decoupling structures. Reflecting ground is applied to realize the directional radiation. Measurement results show that the overlapped operating band of the antenna can cover 3.4 - 4.1 GHz with low measured envelope correlation coefficients (< 2.5 × 10-3) and high isolation (> 20 dB). Dual-polarized four-port element with good performances can be easily obtained based on the proposed co-LP antenna. The simulated results of the four-port prototype indicate that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for the future compact massive MIMO array antenna.
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| 36. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
-
Doppler Exploitation in Bistatic mmWave Radio SLAM
- 2022
-
Ingår i: GLOBECOM - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. ; , s. 6463-6468
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Networks in 5G and beyond utilize millimeter wave (mmWave) radio signals, large bandwidths, and large antenna arrays, which bring opportunities in jointly localizing the user equipment and mapping the propagation environment, termed as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Existing approaches mainly rely on delays and angles, and ignore the Doppler, although it contains geometric information. In this paper, we study the benefits of exploiting Doppler in SLAM through deriving the posterior Cram´er-Rao bounds (PCRBs) and formulating the extended Kalman-Poisson multi-Bernoulli sequential filtering solution with Doppler as one of the involved measurements. Both theoretical PCRB analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of utilizing Doppler.
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| 37. |
- Ge, Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
Doppler Exploitation in Bistatic mmWave Radio SLAM
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). - Piscataway : IEEE. - 9781665435406 ; , s. 6463-6468
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Networks in 5G and beyond utilize millimeter wave (mmWave) radio signals, large bandwidths, and large antenna arrays, which bring opportunities in jointly localizing the user equipment and mapping the propagation environment, termed as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Existing approaches mainly rely on delays and angles, and ignore the Doppler, although it contains geometric information. In this paper, we study the benefits of exploiting Doppler in SLAM through deriving the posterior Cramér-Rao bounds (PCRBs) and formulating the extended Kalman-Poisson multi-Bernoulli sequential filtering solution with Doppler as one of the involved measurements. Both theoretical PCRB analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of utilizing Doppler. © 2022 IEEE
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| 38. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Validation of Single Base Station 5G mm Wave Positioning: Initial Findings
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 25th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2022. - Piscataway : IEEE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G cellular networks can utilize millimeter wave signals, and support large bandwidths and large antenna arrays, which provide more geometric-based signals and higher delay and angle resolutions. These merits bring new opportunities in positioning the user with limited infrastructure through the use of combined angle and delay information. However, there are many practical challenges to overcome, in order to have a functioning single base station 5G mmWave positioning system. In this paper, we describe a deployed single base station mmWave positioning system, and provide an example of the measurement data. Furthermore, we perform measurement validation on a limited measurement data set by performing base station localization. Additional evaluations performed on simulation model data provide guidelines on the required size of the data set and receiver antenna configuration, which will be implemented in upcoming measurements.
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| 39. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Validation of Single BS 5G mmWave Positioning and Mapping for Intelligent Transport
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; In Press
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positioning with 5G signals generally requires connection to several base stations (BSs), which makes positioning more demanding in terms of infrastructure than communications. To address this issue, there have been several theoretical studies on single BS positioning, leveraging high-resolution angle and delay estimation and multipath exploitation possibilities at mmWave frequencies. This paper presents the first realistic experimental validation of such studies, involving a commercial 5G mmWave BS with a customized beam sweep procedure and a user equipment (UE) development kit mounted on a test vehicle. We present the relevant signal models, and signal processing methods, and validate these based on data collected in an outdoor science park environment. Our results indicate that positioning is possible, but the performance is limited by the knowledge of the position and orientation of the infrastructure and the multipath visibility and diversity
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| 40. |
- Gekara, Nelson O., et al.
(författare)
-
The innate immune DNA sensor cGAS : A membrane, cytosolic, or nuclear protein?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science Signaling. - Washington : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 12:581
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cyclic cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) alerts the innate immune system to the presence of foreign or damaged self-DNA inside the cell and is critical for the outcome of infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Two studies now demonstrate that cGAS activation is regulated by differential subcellular localization through its non-enzymatic, N-terminal domain.
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| 41. |
- Graslund, S, et al.
(författare)
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Protein production and purification
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1548-7105 .- 1548-7091. ; 5:2, s. 135-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Haas, Brian J., et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 461:7262, s. 393-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. As the agent of the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, P. infestans has had a tremendous effect on human history, resulting in famine and population displacement(1). To this day, it affects world agriculture by causing the most destructive disease of potato, the fourth largest food crop and a critical alternative to the major cereal crops for feeding the world's population(1). Current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight are conservatively estimated at $6.7 billion(2). Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to control strategies such as genetically resistant cultivars(3,4). Here we report the sequence of the P. infestans genome, which at similar to 240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates. Its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA accounting for similar to 74% of the genome. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes that are induced during infection or are predicted to have activities that alter host physiology. These fast-evolving effector genes are localized to highly dynamic and expanded regions of the P. infestans genome. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential.
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| 43. |
- He, Sailing, et al.
(författare)
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Patch Antennas Based On a Pair of DPS and SNG Metamaterial
- 2010
-
Ingår i: EuCAP 2010 - The 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. - 9788476534724
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this talk we show some potential applications of a pair of conventional double positive (DPS) and single negative (SNG) metamaterial blocks for specific patch antennas. We propose two designs. One is a 900- and 1800-MHz dual-band rectangular patch antenna filled with a pair of juxtaposed DPS and mu-negative (MNG) metamaterial blocks. With proper constitutive parameters and filling ratio of the material blocks, the conventional TM(020) mode is modified and broadside radiation pattern can be simultaneously achieved at both bands. The other is a two-layered rectangular patch antenna, with a bilayer of DPS and epsilon-negative (ENG) metamaterial as its substrate. Due to the super-slow TM surface wave mode that the bi-layer structure supports, the size of the patch antenna is substantially reduced as compared to conventional lambda/2 patch antennas.
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| 44. |
- Hebbeln, Dierk, et al.
(författare)
-
Late Holocene coastal hydrographic and climate changes in the eastern North Sea
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 16:7, s. 987-1001
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a high-resolution palaeoenvironmental reconstruction covering the late Holocene from the Skagerrak and other sites in the North Sea area. The data, which are based on the analyses of marine sediment cores, reveal a marked environmental shift that took place between AD 700 and AD 1100, with the most pronounced changes occurring at AD 900. Both surface and bottom waters in the Skagerrak were subject to major circulation and productivity changes at this time due to an enhanced advection of Atlantic waters to the North Sea marking the beginning of the 'Mediaeval Warm Period' (MWP). The observed increase in bottom current strength is especially remarkable as there is hardly any comparable signal in the older part of the record going back to 1000 BC. At the transition to the 'Little Ice Age' (LIA) the bottom current strength remains at a high level, now probably forced by atmospheric circulation. Thus, despite opposite temperature forcing, these two consecutive climate scenarios are apparently able to generate distinctly stronger bottom currents in the Skagerrak than observed in the preceding 2000 years, and demonstrate the significance of climatic forcing in shaping the marine environment. Indeed, both the MWP and the LIA are reported as strong climatic signals in northwest Europe, being the warmest (except the late twentieth century) and coldest periods, respectively, during at least the last 2000 years.
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| 45. |
- Hu, Bisong, et al.
(författare)
-
Geographical detector-based assessment of multi-level explanatory powers of determinants on China’s medical-service resumption during the COVID-19 epidemic
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. - : SAGE. - 2399-8083 .- 2399-8091. ; 50:7, s. 1739-1758
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowing the multi-level influences of determinants on medical-service resumptions is of great benefits to the policymaking for medical-service recovery at different levels of study units during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. This article evaluated the hospital- and city-level resumptions of medical services in mainland China based on the data of location-based service (LBS) requests of mobile devices during the two time periods (December 2019 and from February 21 to March 18, 2020). We selected medical-service capacity, human movement, epidemic severity, and socioeconomic factors as the potential determinants on medical-service resumptions and then explicitly assessed their multi-level explanatory powers and the interactive effects of paired determinants using the geographical detector method. The results indicate that various determinants had different individual explanatory powers and interactive relationships/effects at different levels of medical-service resumptions. The current study provides a novel multi-level insight for assessing work resumption and individual/interactive influences of determinants, and considerable implications for regionalized recovery strategies of medical services.
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| 46. |
- Hu, Hai-Xi, et al.
(författare)
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Structural insights into HetR-PatS interaction involved in cyanobacterial pattern formation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The one-dimensional pattern of heterocyst in the model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is coordinated by the transcription factor HetR and PatS peptide. Here we report the complex structures of HetR binding to DNA, and its hood domain (HetR(Hood)) binding to a PatS-derived hexapeptide (PatS6) at 2.80 and 2.10 angstrom, respectively. The intertwined HetR dimer possesses a couple of novel HTH motifs, each of which consists of two canonical alpha-helices in the DNA-binding domain and an auxiliary alpha-helix from the flap domain of the neighboring subunit. Two PatS6 peptides bind to the lateral clefts of HetR(Hood), and trigger significant conformational changes of the flap domain, resulting in dissociation of the auxiliary alpha-helix and eventually release of HetR from the DNA major grove. These findings provide the structural insights into a prokaryotic example of Turing model.
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| 47. |
- Hu, Li-Peng, et al.
(författare)
-
Terbinafine prevents colorectal cancer growth by inducing dNTP starvation and reducing immune suppression
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 30:10, s. 3284-3299
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing evidence indicates that gut fungal dysbiosis might play a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to explore whether reversing the fungal dysbiosis by terbinafine, an approved antifungal drug, might inhibit the development of CRC. A population-based study from Sweden identified a total of 185 patients who received terbinafine after their CRC diagnosis and found that they had a decreased risk of death (hazard ratio=0.50) and metastasis (hazard ratio=0.44) compared with patients without terbinafine administration. In multiple mouse models of CRC, administration of terbinafine decreased the fungal load, the fungus-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion, and the tumor burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice without terbinafine treatment reversed MDSC infiltration and partially restored tumor proliferation. Mechanistically, terbinafine directly impaired tumor cell proliferation by reducing the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), suppressing the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), resulting in nucleotide synthesis disruption, deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) starvation and cell cycle arrest. Collectively, terbinafine can inhibit CRC by reversing fungal dysbiosis, suppressing tumor cell proliferation, inhibiting fungus-induced MDSC infiltration, and restoring antitumor immune response.
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| 48. |
- Ji, Xinyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Epigenetic–smoking interaction reveals histologically heterogeneous effects of TRIM27 DNA methylation on overall survival among early-stage NSCLC patients
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 14:11, s. 2759-2774
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tripartite motif containing 27 (TRIM27) is highly expressed in lung cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we profiled DNA methylation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tumours from 613 early-stage NSCLC patients and evaluated associations between CpG methylation of TRIM27 and overall survival. Significant CpG probes were confirmed in 617 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The methylation of the CpG probe cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival in patients with LUSC (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.30–2.09, P = 4.52 × 10−5), but not in patients with LUAD (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.87–1.33, P = 0.493). As incidence of LUSC is associated with higher smoking intensity compared to LUAD, we investigated whether smoking intensity impacted on the prognostic effect of cg05293407TRIM27 methylation in NSCLC. LUSC patients had a higher average pack-year of smoking (37.49LUAD vs 54.79LUSC, P = 1.03 × 10−19) and included a higher proportion of current smokers than LUAD patients (28.24%LUAD vs 34.09%LUSC, P = 0.037). cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival only in NSCLC patients with medium–high pack-year of smoking (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26–1.96, P = 5.25 × 10−5). We conclude that cg05293407TRIM27 methylation is a potential predictor of LUSC prognosis, and smoking intensity may impact on its prognostic value across the various types of NSCLC.
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| 49. |
- Jiang, Bing-Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and bonding of In bumps on Micro-LED with 8 μ m pixel pitch
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ENGINEERING RESEARCH EXPRESS. - 2631-8695. ; 6:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indium (In) is currently used to fabricate metal bumps on micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) chips due to its excellent physical properties. However, as Micro-LED pixel size and pitch decrease, achieving high-quality In bumps on densely packed Micro-LED chips often presents more challenges. This paper describes the process of fabricating In bumps on micro-LEDs using thermal evaporation, highlighting an issue where In tends to grow laterally within the photoresist pattern, ultimately blocking the pattern and resulting in undersized and poorly dense In bumps on the Micro-LED chip. To address this issue, we conducted numerous experiments to study the height variation of In bumps within a range of photoresist aperture sizes (3 mu m -7 mu m) under two different resist thickness conditions (3.8 mu m and 4.8 mu m). The results showed that the resist thickness had a certain effect on the height of In bumps on the Micro-LED chip electrodes. Moreover, we found that, with the photoresist pattern size increasing under constant resist thickness conditions, the height and quality of the bumps significantly improved. Based on this finding, we rationalized the adjustment of the photoresist pattern size within a limited emission platform range to compensate for the height difference of In bumps caused by different resist thicknesses between the cathode and anode regions. Consequently, well-shaped and dense In bumps with a maximum height of up to 4.4 mu m were fabricated on 8 mu m pitch Micro-LED chips. Afterwards, we bonded the Micro-LED chip with indium bumps to the CMOS chip, and we found that we could successfully control the CMOS chip to drive the Micro-LED chip to display specific characters through the Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC). This work is of significant importance for the fabrication of In bumps on Micro-LED chips with pitches below 10 mu m and subsequent bonding processes.
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| 50. |
- Jiang, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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An interpretable framework of data-driven turbulence modeling using deep neural networks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 33:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations represent a cost-effective option for practical engineering applications, but are facing ever-growing demands for more accurate turbulence models. Recently, emerging machine learning techniques have had a promising impact on turbulence modeling, but are still in their infancy regarding widespread industrial adoption. Toward their extensive uptake, this paper presents a universally interpretable machine learning (UIML) framework for turbulence modeling, which consists of two parallel machine learning-based modules to directly infer the structural and parametric representations of turbulence physics, respectively. At each phase of model development, data reflecting the evolution dynamics of turbulence and domain knowledge representing prior physical considerations are converted into modeling knowledge. The data- and knowledge-driven UIML is investigated with a deep residual network. The following three aspects are demonstrated in detail: (i) a compact input feature parameterizing a new turbulent timescale is introduced to prevent nonunique mappings between conventional input arguments and output Reynolds stress; (ii) a realizability limiter is developed to overcome the under-constrained state of modeled stress; and (iii) fairness and noise-insensitivity constraints are included in the training procedure. Consequently, an invariant, realizable, unbiased, and robust data-driven turbulence model is achieved. The influences of the training dataset size, activation function, and network hyperparameter on the performance are also investigated. The resulting model exhibits good generalization across two- and three-dimensional flows, and captures the effects of the Reynolds number and aspect ratio. Finally, the underlying rationale behind prediction is explored.
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