| 1. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Assessments of indoor environmental quality on occupant satisfaction and physical parameters in office buildings
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 14th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate. - 9780984685554
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The indoor environmental quality is of major interest for occupants in office buildings. This study is to identify the benchmarking values of physical parameters for indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of office buildings and explore the influences of outer climate conditions on the perceived IEQ. The recommended values from selected research articles are compared and classified in different hierarchies against thermal environment satisfaction level, air quality, illuminance and acoustic. A case study in five office buildings carried out in Switzerland is analysed from onsite physical measurements and occupant questionnaires. The results summarize the optimal ranges of selected physical parameters with three IEQ comfort levels. The differential and consistent outcomes in previous studies are verified. Outer climate parameters show potential correlations and influences with the satisfaction of IEQ aspects and weighting factors. In conclusion, it is lacking a standardized index and clear benchmarking values regarding both criteria requirements and local information.
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| 2. |
- O'Brien, William, et al.
(författare)
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An international review of occupant-related aspects of building energy codes and standards
- 2020
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323. ; 179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of recent research, it is evident that occupants are playing an increasingly important role in building energy performance. Despite the important role of building energy codes and standards in design, the occupant-related aspects are typically simple and have not kept up with the leading research. This paper reviews 23 regions’ building energy codes and standards by first comparing their quantitative aspects and then analyzing their mandated rules and approaches. While the present paper focuses on offices, general recommendations are applicable to other building types as well. The review revealed a wide range of occupant-related values, approaches, and attitudes. For example, code-specified occupant density varies by nearly a factor of three between different codes. This underlines the need for development of advancement in occupant behavior modeling approaches for future occupant-centric building performance codes and standards. Moreover, occupants are often referred to only implicitly; underlying expectations about energy-saving occupant behavior from building occupants varies greatly; and, only a few codes address occupant feedback and system usability. Based on the findings of the review, a set of initial recommendations for future building energy codes is proposed.
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| 3. |
- Abuimara, Tareq, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed Case Studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design. - 9781000865752 ; , s. 257-367
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are one of the key technologies that support the development of pervasive health monitoring (remote patient monitoring systems), which has attracted more attention in recent years. These WBAN applications requires stringent security requirements as they are concerned with human lives. In the recent scenario of the corona pandemic, where most of the healthcare providers are giving online services for treatment, DDoS attacks become the major threats over the internet. This chapter particularly focusses on detection of DDoS attack using machine learning algorithms over the healthcare environment. In the process of attack detection, the dataset is preprocessed. After preprocessing the dataset, the cleaned dataset is given to the popular classification algorithms in the area of machine learning namely, AdaBoost, J48, k-NN, JRip, Random Committee and Random Forest classifiers. Those algorithms are evaluated independently and the results are recorded. Results concluded that J48 outperform with accuracy of 99.98% with CICIDS dataset and random forest outperform with accuracy of 99.917, but it takes the longest model building time. Depending on the evaluation performance the appropriate classifier is selected for further DDoS detection at real-time.
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| 4. |
- Abuimara, Tareq, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the Needs and Challenges of Occupant-centric Building Design among Stakeholders: A Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: ZEMCH International Conference. - 2652-2926. ; , s. 348-354
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing high-performance buildings is a complex process that involves several stakeholders at different stages of design development. Design stakeholders need to work together to achieve design objectives and overcome the challenge that arises from inefficient collaboration and coordination. Among these challenges are occupant-related assumptions which are made throughout the design process, including schematic design, energy modelling, construction, and even operation. Accuracy of these assumptions is highly dependent on the design stakeholders' objectives and the time that they are engaged in the design process. Differences in occupant-related assumptions can lead to a considerable level of uncertainty, which probably leads to suboptimal design decisions. To this end, the current practice, including the challenges and the barriers, needs to be documented and understood in order to develop an improved occupant modelling approach during building design. Therefore, this paper highlights the current practices of communicating occupant-related assumptions in the building design process. In this paper, we also argue the need for in-depth consideration of communication among design stakeholders.
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| 5. |
- Andrews, Clinton J., et al.
(författare)
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Methods to Obtain the Occupant Perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Occupant-Centric Simulation Aided Building Design: Theory, Application, and Case Studies. - 9781000865752 ; , s. 60-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter summarizes the most important methods for actively engaging occupants in the processes of designing buildings. Each stage in the building life cycle places different demands on the professional-to-occupant relationship. Both objective and subjective data are important in this relationship and raises key epistemological questions about factors that cannot be directly observed—e.g., how do we know what we know about occupant behavior? The chapter guides the reader through this intellectually dangerous terrain by suggesting that the best way to find out what people think is to ask them. Some methods discussed here are familiar to practitioners, including interviews, surveys, focus groups, and direct observation. Others are just entering widespread practice, including virtual reality simulations, ubiquitous sensors and monitoring systems, and momentary ecological assessments. Each method has strengths, weaknesses, and appropriateness for use during certain stages of the building life cycle. The key takeaways from this chapter are that (1) building designers and operators can learn much value from occupants and (2) the new skills needed to engage successfully can be quickly learned. Occupant-centric design approaches that employ these methods improve the likelihood of successful building, interface design, and occupant outcomes.
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| 6. |
- Chinazzo, Giorgia, et al.
(författare)
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Quality criteria for multi-domain studies in the indoor environment: Critical review towards research guidelines and recommendations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The perception, physiology, behavior, and performance of building occupants are influenced by multi-domain exposures: the simultaneous presence of multiple environmental stimuli, i.e., visual, thermal, acoustic, and air quality. Despite being extensive, the literature on multi-domain exposures presents heterogeneous methodological approaches and inconsistent study reporting, which hinder direct comparison between studies and meta-analyses. Therefore, in addition to carrying out more multi-domain studies, such investigations need to be designed, conducted, and documented in a systematic and transparent way. With the goal to facilitate and support future multi-domain studies and their meta-analyses, this work provides (1) a range of criteria for multi-domain study design and reporting (i.e., defined as quality criteria), and (2) a critical review of the multi-domain literature based on the described criteria, which can serve as guidelines and recommendations for future studies on the topic. The identified quality criteria encompass study set-up, study deployment and analysis, and study outcome, stressing the importance of adopting a consistent terminology and result reporting style. The developed critical review highlights several shortcomings in the design, deployment, and documentation of multi-domain studies, emphasizing the need for quality improvements of future multi-domain research. The ultimate goal of this work is to consolidate our knowledge on multi-domain exposures for its integration into regulatory resources and guidelines, which are currently dominated by single-domain knowledge.
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| 7. |
- Clements-Croome, Derek, et al.
(författare)
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Research Roadmap for Intelligent and Responsive Buildings
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intelligence has three parts cognitive, emotional and practical. A building needs to reflect this. So an intelligent building will responsive to people in terms of not only being functional but to the human senses besides serving a community in the location. It will be resource effective in terms of energy , water and waste with low pollution. It will be smart in terms of technology selected to enable the systems to respond effectively but also make them easier for people to use. Today there is a focus on health and wellbeing and so intelligent buildings must produce a healing environment. Buildings need to be functional and practical but also expressive. Equally important is the infrastructure that services buildings and the people moving between them.
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| 8. |
- Cobaleda Cordero, Antonio, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Smart and Sustainable Offices (SSO). Showcasing a holistic approach to realise the next generation offices
- 2017
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Ingår i: Informes de la Construccion. - : Editorial CSIC. - 0020-0883 .- 1988-3234. ; 69:548, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Smart Sustainable Offices project (SSO) is a product of years of research with large sets of data collected from more than 30 office buildings in Switzerland, Sweden, and Spain. Based on scientific evidence, the concept of SSO, initially conceived as a research plan to address the interdependencies between office users and their working environment in a European context, is now used as a qualitative and quantitative mixed method approach for office diagnosis and ideation. At the current stage, the SSO methodology aims to implement a new paradigm of user-oriented, lower carbon footprint and resilient office design solutions. The main strategy is articulated around the “office DNA” of every organisation, decoded as a compound of work patterns, operational and individual needs, and their potential to define design criteria. The practical application of SSO and its tentative findings exemplified through three pilot test office-demonstrators are described in this paper.
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| 9. |
- Duanmu, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Human Thermal Comfort and Indoor Thermal Environment Parameters in Various Climatic Regions of China
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7058 .- 1877-7058. ; 205, s. 2871-2878
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Architectural design is based on the reliability and rationality of construction standards. The thermal comfort standard is a very important part of construction standards. In this study, Chinese researches about the field survey of various areas were summarized. The distribution range of thermal comfo rt temperature and neutral temperature were obtained by using the PMV evaluation index. The neutral temperature of different types of buildings in different seasons was summarized. Its relationship with indoor parameters was analyzed in detail. These findings provide a basis for the formulation of building specifications and architectural design in future.
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| 10. |
- Földváry Ličina, Veronika, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II
- 2018
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323. ; 142, s. 502-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recognizing the value of open-source research databases in advancing the art and science of HVAC, in 2014 the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II project was launched under the leadership of University of California at Berkeley's Center for the Built Environment and The University of Sydney's Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Laboratory. The exercise began with a systematic collection and harmonization of raw data from the last two decades of thermal comfort field studies around the world. The ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II (Comfort Database), now an online, open-source database, includes approximately 81,846 complete sets of objective indoor climatic observations with accompanying “right-here-right-now” subjective evaluations by the building occupants who were exposed to them. The database is intended to support diverse inquiries about thermal comfort in field settings. A simple web-based interface to the database enables filtering on multiple criteria, including building typology, occupancy type, subjects' demographic variables, subjective thermal comfort states, indoor thermal environmental criteria, calculated comfort indices, environmental control criteria and outdoor meteorological information. Furthermore, a web-based interactive thermal comfort visualization tool has been developed that allows end-users to quickly and interactively explore the data.
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| 11. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of thermal sensation and physiological response during step changes in non-uniform indoor environment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science and Technology for the Built Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-474X .- 2374-4731. ; 22:2, s. 237-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine thermal comfort and the corresponding physiological responses in non-uniform and dynamic indoor thermal environments,this article presents the investigation of thermal sensations and skin temperatures during step changes between the ambient environment and the workstation where local ventilation devices supplied air motion around the subjects’ heads. Twenty-three labtests with human subjects were conducted to provide summer cooling in a controlled-environment chamber. Overall thermal sensations and skin temperatures were collected and analyzed. Data collected as subjects stepped between the ambient environment and the controlled-environment workstation displayed hysteresis and overshooting. That facial skin temperature correlates with thermal sensation provides a causal explanation of the overshooting and hysteresis. Further, the minimum change on facial skin temperature required to register a just-noticeable difference on thermal sensation was calculated to explore the correlation between facial skintemperature and overall thermal senation. In conclusion, thermal sensation data provide a sound quantifiable foundation for comfortpositive non-uniform indoor thermal environments. Facial skin temperature explains thermal sensation’s changing characteristics during step changes in non-uniform thermal environments under varying local cooling methods.
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| 12. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Improving indoor environmental quality (IEQ) for occupant health and well-being: A case study of Swedish office building
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is a major domain of building conditions relating to occupant comfort, health and well-being. Especially in the office environment, IEQ can influence work productivity positively. Within the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), goal 3 good health and well-being, and goal 8 decent work and economic growth are the two areas where IEQ can significantly contribute. To better design sustainable office buildings in line with the agenda 2030, the study aims to examine occupant satisfaction, health and work in a newly renovated office building which is labelled by the BREEAM certification scheme Silver. Occupant preferences of IEQ comparing to the current conditions were also explored to provide advice for future design. The results show that occupant satisfaction with IEQ has not well achieved and in the office environment occupants prefer warmer temperature, more fresh air, less noise, and more daylight. We also find that perceived IEQ is extensively related to occupant health and work productivity. It concludes that in such a newly renovated office building as a high-performance building, there are still many problems from the indoor environments. Therefore, improvements are needed to gain occupant satisfaction and positively influence occupant health, well-being and work productivity.
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| 13. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory study of subjective perceptions to low temperature heating systems with exhaust ventilation in Nordic countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science and Technology for the Built Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-474X .- 2374-4731. ; 23:3, s. 457-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the global trends of rising energy demand and the increasing utilization of low-grade renewable energy, low-temperature heating systems can play key roles in improving building energy efficiency while providing a comfortable indoor environment. To meet the need to retrofit existing buildings in Nordic countries for greater energy efficiency, this study focused on human subjects’ thermal sensation, thermal comfort, thermal acceptability, draft acceptability, and perceived air quality when three low-temperatureheating systems were used: conventional radiator, ventilation radiator, or floor heating with exhaust ventilation. Human subject tests were carried out in the climate chamber at the Technical University of Denmark. In total, 24 human subjects, 12 females and 12 males, participated in the tests during the winter season. The results show that no significant differences in thermal sensation and thermal comfort between the three heating systems. Ventilation radiator promised a comfortable indoor environment with a decreased watersupply temperature and floor heating with exhaust ventilation can provide a basic thermal comfort level. Thermal acceptability and draft acceptability show variations in different heating systems. Gender has significant influences on thermal sensation, draft acceptability, and preference of clo values. Personal thermal preference is observed between males and females. The males prefer to dress lighter than the females, but both can get the same thermal comfort level. It is concluded that low-temperature heating systems using exhaust air ventilation are a potentially solution when buildings are being retrofitted for improved energy efficiency and comfort of the occupants.
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| 14. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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SSO User Insight Toolbox for employees’ health, well-being and productivity
- 2019
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Ingår i: REHVA Journal. - 1307-3729. ; 56:6, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Users have significant impacts on building energy consumption and can interact with indoor environments. Identifying user needs, behaviour, and preference is crucial for the design of both new and the renovation of existing buildings. Offices are important since people spend on average one-third of their life at work. It also accounted for a larger share of the energy use and the floor area of non-residential buildings in Europe. Moreover, more ambitious regulations and the increasing popularity of voluntary building certification schemes require the construction of more energy-efficient buildings, but in reality, a ‘performance gap’ is often observed. Therefore, deep insights in user perceptions and experiences can provide the knowledge basis for developing a new generation of office buildings that provide a healthier and more productive indoor environment guided by a user-centric approach. In his article, we will introduce the web-based application of the Questionnaire and Diary Apps and a Virtual Reality (VR) design tool developed to support the interactive co-creation session with users and designers.
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| 15. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of indoor environmental quality and workspace design on employees’ health and work performance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Transdisciplinary Workplace Research (TWR) Conference 2020. ; , s. 396-403
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human health and well-being have gained growing attention in the societal debate as well as in research. It is widely acknowledged that employees’ health and well-being contribute to a decent work environment which can positively contribute to economic benefits for the employers, the social-welfare and health system as well as the building owners. However, the office environment is complex and constitutes of various factors affecting employees’ health and well-being, for example, indoor climate, architectural design, and social work environment. Therefore, this paper will focus on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and workplace design, and their influence on employees’ health and work performance. A multi-disciplinary approach is developed integrating the subjective survey, semi-structured interview, and physical measurement for an in-depth investigation of the physical office environment and employees’ self-reported health and work performance. A large office building with BREEAM certification has been studied at the end of summer in 2019. In total, 160 employees were involved by an online-based survey and individual interview and workshop. The main aspects of IEQ were measured, including the thermal environment, air quality, acoustic and lighting. The correlations between IEQ and workspace design factors and 5-symptom based self-reported health and self-reported work performance concerning self-evaluation and leader’s feedback were studied. Results show that physical office environment shows a large association with self-reported health and self-reported work performance. IEQ factors of air quality and relative humidity are significantly correlated with PSI. Size of individual workspace and aesthetic appearance of the office gain the highest correlation with self-reported health status among the factors of workspace design. Noise and artificial lights are studied to be significantly associated with work performance, and distance between work desks is largely associated with work performance. Considering the needs of employees on the physical office environment, air temperature, air quality and availability to work concentrated still underperform but perceived as highly important by the employees. The study made efforts to study the complex factors existing in the office environment with a multi-disciplinary approach, which can be utilized in other case studies to evaluate office environment and identify the key factors. Thus, the study made it possible to review and compare the influence of physical environment factors affecting employees’ health and well-being. The data collected will contribute to an office database which is under development by the authors.
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| 16. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of Attractive Quality: Occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality at workplaces
- 2021
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Ingår i: A Handbook of Theories on Designing Alignment Between People and the Office Environment. - London : Routledge. ; , s. 148-156
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To improve employees’ comfort, health and productivity, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is one of the most significant aspects of concern in the workplace. In future office buildings, IEQ is not only to meet the basic requirement of hygiene and physiological needs but also to motivate and lift occupants’ satisfaction. This chapter will introduce the attractive quality theory as well as the Kano model and its application in the field of indoor environment science on occupant satisfaction with IEQ and the research methods at workplaces. The chapter will also discuss the limitation of the theory and future research needs to utilise and verify the Kano model.
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| 17. |
- Mahdavi, Ardeshir, et al.
(författare)
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Necessary conditions for multi-domain indoor environmental quality standards
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:20, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A discussion of sustainability in architecture cannot be meaningfully carried out without the inclusion of most buildings’ central purpose, namely the provision of indoor environments that are accommodating of occupants’ needs and requirements. To this end, building designers and operators are expected to demonstrate compliance with codes and standards pertaining to indoor environmental quality (IEQ). However, the majority of conventional IEQ standards, codes, and guidelines have a single-domain character, in that they address IEQ in terms of a number of isolated domains (i.e., thermal, visual, acoustic, air quality). In this context, the present contribution explores the current state of multi-domain IEQ evaluation approaches and the necessary conditions for their further development and application. Toward this end, a number of common building rating schemes were selected and analyzed in detail. The results of this assessment imply the necessity of both short-term improvements of the existing schemes in terms of the transparency and plausibility of the applied point allocation and weighting strategies and the fundamental need for a deeper empirically grounded understanding of the nature of occupants’ perception of and behavior in the built environments.
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| 18. |
- Rawal, Rajan, et al.
(författare)
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Personal comfort systems: A review on comfort, energy, and economics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 214
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed to condition the entire building volume. In contrast, Personal Comfort Systems (PCS) target conditioning only the occupied zones of the space, while maintaining the remaining volume at a relatively under-conditioned state. PCS offer the occupants the choice of modulating their immediate thermal ambience with local controls. The individual-level control helps in improving the subjective thermal and air quality acceptability with the desired thermal sensation. This review paper details on the various types of heating, cooling, ventilation, heating with ventilation, and cooling with ventilation PCS devices. It summarises the thermal ambience created by the respective PCS devices and the resultant subjective responses of the occupants. This review also identifies the energy saving potential of various kinds of PCS devices, the power use of PCS devices, and discusses their economic viability.
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| 19. |
- Ren, Yuting, et al.
(författare)
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Equivalent temperature based comfort zone study under task/ambient conditioning system
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 14th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate. - 9780984685554
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study thermal comfort under task/ambient conditioning (TAC) system, equivalent temperature (EQT) index was used to evaluate local and overall thermal sensation under non-uniform thermal environment. From the “human subject test in a mockup office”, local thermal sensations and equivalent temperatures under different stimulated conditions were collected. It is found that thermal sensation and equivalent temperature have a good linear relationship. EQT comfort zone of the TAC in non-uniform environment was drawn through the fitting method. The findings are of significance on the design and operation of TAC system.
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| 20. |
- Schweiker, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants' interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.
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