| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- An, Junghwa, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:2, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
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| 8. |
- Ding, Shun Liang, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the fractal characteristics for combustion instability in a premixed natural gas engine
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311. ; 233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the influence of gas injection timing (GIT) on the combustion instability of a premixed natural gas engine, experiments were conducted under low load conditions using various GITs. Multifractal and multiscale entropy analyses were employed to examine the fractal characteristics and complexity of the experimental time series for indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and heat release (Q) at different scales. Statistical analysis and return maps of the IMEP and Q time series were utilized to verify the results. The findings revealed that the combustion process of the natural gas engine demonstrates clear fractal characteristics at different scales. A strong correlation is found between the combustion instability and the fractal characteristics. Furthermore, the probability densities of the IMEP and Q time series exhibit super-Gaussian distributions. Retarding the GIT results in an initial increase, followed by a decrease in the difference value of the Hurst index and singular spectrum width. The mapping point distributions of the IMEP and Q time series initially disperse and subsequently concentrate. The fractal complexity and chaotic characteristics of combustion instability initially strengthen and then gradually diminish. Moreover, under lower load conditions, the anti-persistent correlation becomes more pronounced, and the intermittence and complexity of the fractal characteristics also intensify, signifying a more significant impact of GIT on the combustion instability of the natural gas engine. Notably, when the GIT is approximately 60°CA after top dead center, the combustion process exhibits stronger fractal characteristics, accompanied by a greater dispersion degree of the mapping points. This study provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the lean-burn stability of natural gas engines.
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| 9. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 10. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 11. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2014 Challenge Results
- 2015
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Ingår i: COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2014 WORKSHOPS, PT II. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319161808 - 9783319161815 ; , s. 191-217
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2014, VOT2014, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 38 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2014 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2014 challenge that go beyond its VOT2013 predecessor are introduced: (i) a new VOT2014 dataset with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2013 evaluation methodology, (iii) a new unit for tracking speed assessment less dependent on the hardware and (iv) the VOT2014 evaluation toolkit that significantly speeds up execution of experiments. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 12. |
- Lin, Zhong, et al.
(författare)
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Rhizospheric effects on atrazine speciation and degradation in laterite soils of Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 25:13, s. 12407-12418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) is a worldwide-used herbicide and often detected in agricultural soils and groundwater at concentrations above the permitted limit, because of its high mobility, persistence, and massive application. This study applied pot experiments to investigate the atrazine contents and speciation during the phytoremediation process by Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. in laterite soils. From the change of the total atrazine and bioavailable atrazine measured by diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), P. alopecuroides significantly improved atrazine degradation efficiency from 15.22 to 51.46%, attributing to the increasing bioavailable atrazine in rhizosphere. Only a small amount of atrazine was taken up by P. alopecuroides root and the acropetal translocation from roots to shoots was limited. The atrazine speciation was significantly different between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, attributing to the declining pH and organic matters in rhizosphere. The relationship between pH and soil-bound/humus-fixed atrazine illustrated the pH-dependant release of the atrazine from soils and the competition between humus adsorption and uptake by P. alopecuroides. The present study reveals the important roles of soil pH and organic matters in atrazine speciation and availability in laterite soils, and provides new insights in the rhizospheric effects on effective phytoremediation of atrazine.
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| 13. |
- Cao, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Water-oil flow in square microchannels with a crossed junction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fluid Machinery; Erosion, Slurry, Sedimentation; Experimental, Multiscale, and Numerical Methods for Multiphase Flows; Gas-Liquid, Gas-Solid, and Liquid-Solid Flows; Performance of Multiphase Flow Systems; Micro/Nano-Fluidics. - 9780791851579 ; 3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, water-oil flow patterns and slug hydrodynamics were experimentally studied in square glass microchannels with various hydraulic diameters (Dh = 600 µm, 400 µm, 200 µm). The aqueous phase is the continuous phase while the organic phase is the dispersed phase. The ranges of flow rates of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are 0-200 ml/h and 0-12 ml/h, 0-120 ml/h and 0-6 ml/h, and 0-60 ml/h and 0-2 ml/h in the microchannels with Dh = 600 µm, 400 µm and 200 µm, respectively. The results show that the hydraulic diameter has significant effects on flow patterns and three main flow patterns are observed, i.e., annular flow, slug flow and droplet flow. Generally, annular flow appeared at high flow rates of the dispersed phase and low flow rates of the continuous phase, while droplet flow appeared at low flow rates of the dispersed phase and high flow rates of the continuous phase. However, slug flow existed at comparable flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phases. A dimensionless analysis is carried out and a new dimensionless group including Weber number and Reynolds number is derived. The new defined dimensionless group performs well to develop a general flow pattern map. In addition, slug flow hydrodynamics are investigated as well in the present study, considering the slug length and slug velocity. Based on the present experimental results, a new scaling law is proposed to predict the slug length and it shows a good agreement with the experimental results. It has been widely reported that slug velocities depend linearly on the total flow rates of the two phases, which is consistent with the present study. The linear law provides a good prediction of the experimental slug velocities but different slopes are suggested in microchannels with different hydraulic diameters.
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| 14. |
- Du, Jianqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of pool boiling performance of Fe3O4 ferromagnetic nanofluid on a copper surface
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311. ; 248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanofluids significantly enhance the critical heat flux of boiling heat transfer. This paper experimentally investigates the pool boiling performance and the influence mechanism of Fe3O4 nanofluids. Compared with deionized water, the 0.001 vol% nanofluid increases a maximum enhancement in critical heat flux by 47.90%. During nanofluid boiling, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are deposited on the surfaces. The nanoparticle deposition surfaces are physically characterized to explain the influence mechanism of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on boiling heat transfer. Nanoparticle deposition modifies the surface micro-morphology, which increases roughness and improves wettability. The changes are essential factors for the enhancement of the critical heat flux. This paper further analyses the boiling results of deionized water on the nanoparticle deposition surfaces. Compared with a polished surface, the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient of the nanoparticle deposition surface show maximum increases of 52.39% and 56.19%. Due to the similar enhancement of critical heat flux using the Fe3O4 nanofluid and the nanoparticle deposition surface, it is found that the increased critical heat flux of the nanofluids is attributed to the improvement of surface wettability and roughness by nanoparticle deposition. This study analyzes the mechanism of Fe3O4 nanofluid for enhancing pool boiling heat transfer from the perspective of modifying boiling surface characteristics by nanoparticle deposition, especially in wettability and roughness, which advances the understanding of enhanced boiling heat transfer by nanofluids.
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| 15. |
- Du, Wanyi, et al.
(författare)
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Photodoping of graphene/silicon van der Waals heterostructure observed by terahertz emission spectroscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 117:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photodoping as a nonvolatile and reversible method can be used to modify the carrier distribution at the heterojunction interface. Herein, we explore the 2D/3D van der Waals (vdW) graphene/silicon (G/Si) heterostructure in real time by terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Photoinduced doping is introduced by a continuous wave laser, which leads to a screening effect to the built-in electric field at the interface. The resulting decrease in transient photocurrent reduces the THz emission amplitude from the G/Si heterostructure. The photoinduced doping effect suggests a 40% THz intrinsic modulation depth at external reverse bias. This work provides an effective way to actively control the THz emission process from the G/Si interface and paves the way for analyzing the interfacial process under photoinduced doping in vdW heterostructures.
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| 16. |
- Fan, Chuan Gang, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of sidewall effect on flame characteristics of heptane pool fires with different aspect ratios and orientations in a channel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489 .- 1873-2704. ; 36:2, s. 3121-3129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of small scale tests was conducted to investigate the influence of sidewall on flame characteristics of heptane pool fires in a channel, considering pool shape (aspect ratio: 1, 2, 4 and 8) and pool orientation relative to sidewall. Distance between fire and sidewall was changed systematically. Both transverse flame development (along the direction of channel width) and longitudinal flame development (along the direction of channel length) were recorded by digital video. Results show that for a fixed fire location, the heat release rate increases with the increasing pool aspect ratio (namely a larger pool perimeter), which indicates more air entrainment and more intense combustion. In wall fire cases, when the long pool rim is perpendicular with channel sidewall, the flame can obtain more air entrainment with a weaker boundary restriction from the sidewall, compared to the case with the long pool rim being parallel with sidewall. Comparison of some previously established correlations based on various experimental conditions with our test results is made. Due to the fact without considering sidewall effect and fuel shape on the air entrainment of fire plume, the classic correlations need to be further improved. Therefore, an integral flame length model considering both sidewall effect and fuel shape is developed, which correlates well with all the data from cases with various pool positions, orientations and aspect ratios. © 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 17. |
- Fan, Liangdong, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Study of Ceria-Carbonate Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1533-4880 .- 1533-4899. ; 12:6, s. 4941-4945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composite and nanocomposite samarium doped ceria-carbonates powders were prepared by solidstatereaction, citric acid-nitrate combustion and modified nanocomposite approaches and used aselectrolytes for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope,low-temperature Nitrogen Adsorption/desorption Experiments, Electrochemical ImpedanceSpectroscopy and fuel cell performance test were employed in characterization of these materials.All powders are nano-size particles with slight aggregation and carbonates are amorphous incomposites. Nanocomposite electrolyte exhibits much lower impedance resistance and higher ionicconductivity than those of the other electrolytes at lower temperature. Fuel cell using the electrolyteprepared by modified nanocomposite approach exhibits the best performance in the whole operationtemperature range and achieves a maximum power density of 839 mW cm−2 at 600 C withH2 as fuel. The excellent physical and electrochemical performances of nanocomposite electrolytemake it a promising candidate for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
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| 18. |
- Ji, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of non-monotonous sidewall effect on flame characteristics and burning rate of n-heptane pool fires
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 145, s. 228-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the influence of sidewall effect on flame characteristics and burning rate, a series of experiments with heptane pools was conducted. The results showed that as the fires were placed close to the sidewall, the flames inclined to the sidewall due to the restriction on air entrainment, and the burning rate increased on the whole, which could be mainly due to the enhanced radiation from the heated sidewall and ceiling flame. However, regardless of fuel pool shape, the burning rate obtained the peak value when the fire was near the sidewall, rather than attached to the sidewall, resulting from less flame radiation from the vertical flame part to the fuel in the latter case. The ratio of longitudinal ceiling flame length to transverse length tended to decrease with the fire moving close to the sidewall. For cases with the largest length and wall fires, the ratio was nearly 0.5, which could be explained according to the theory of mirror effect. Also, due to the non-monotonous sidewall effect, a higher burning rate did not necessarily lead to a larger ceiling flame length.
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| 19. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 20. |
- Li, Chunxia, et al.
(författare)
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Noncovalent microarrays from synthetic amino-terminating glycans : Implications in expanding glycan microarray diversity and platform comparison
- 2021
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 31:8, s. 931-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycan microarrays have played important roles in detection and specificity assignment of glycan recognition by proteins. However, the size and diversity of glycan libraries in current microarray systems are small compared to estimated glycomes, and these may lead to missed detection or incomplete assignment. For microarray construction, covalent and noncovalent immobilization are the two types of methods used, but a direct comparison of results from the two platforms is required. Here we develop a chemical strategy to prepare lipid-linked probes from both naturally derived aldehyde-terminating and synthetic amino-terminating glycans that addresses the two aspects: expansion of sequence-defined glycan libraries and comparison of the two platforms. We demonstrate the specific recognition by plant and mammalian lectins, carbohydrate-binding modules and antibodies and the overall similarities from the two platforms. Our results provide new knowledge on unique glycan-binding specificities for the immune receptor Dectin-1 toward beta-glucans and the interaction of rotavirus P[19] adhesive protein with mucin O-glycan cores.
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| 21. |
- Li, Zhijian, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic exploration of essential yeast gene function with temperature-sensitive mutants.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1696 .- 1087-0156. ; 29:4, s. 361-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditional temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are valuable reagents for studying essential genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We constructed 787 ts strains, covering 497 (∼45%) of the 1,101 essential yeast genes, with ∼30% of the genes represented by multiple alleles. All of the alleles are integrated into their native genomic locus in the S288C common reference strain and are linked to a kanMX selectable marker, allowing further genetic manipulation by synthetic genetic array (SGA)-based, high-throughput methods. We show two such manipulations: barcoding of 440 strains, which enables chemical-genetic suppression analysis, and the construction of arrays of strains carrying different fluorescent markers of subcellular structure, which enables quantitative analysis of phenotypes using high-content screening. Quantitative analysis of a GFP-tubulin marker identified roles for cohesin and condensin genes in spindle disassembly. This mutant collection should facilitate a wide range of systematic studies aimed at understanding the functions of essential genes.
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| 22. |
- Liu, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali-activated binders based on incinerator bottom ash combined with limestone-calcined clay or fly ash
- 2022
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618. ; 320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the feasibility of improving the properties of alkali-activated bottom ash (AABA) binders by incorporating limestone-calcined clay (LC2) or fly ash (FA) with the aim of treating and utilising bottom ash in a large-scale as a potential resource for construction materials. Experimental results revealed that increasing the substitution with LC2 or FA in the AABA binders increased both the compressive strength and the immobilization capacity of heavy metal when compared to the pure AABA binders. Given a Na2O content of 5%, the compressive strength of the AABA binder with 30% bottom ash substituted by FA was almost 200% higher than that of the pure AABA binder. However, further increase in the Na2O dosage did not necessarily lead to higher compressive strength, which was found to be controlled by the volume fraction of air voids and large pores. When greater Na2O dosages were employed, i.e., 6 % and 7 %, LC2 was found to be more useful in improving the properties of AABA binders than FA. Furthermore, the substitution of bottom ash with FA resulted in the formation of N-A-S-H gels, whereas the substitution with LC2 led to the formation of more C-A-S-H gels. Finally, the immobilization capacity appeared to be influenced by many factors, such as hydration products, capillary pores and different types of heavy metals.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lu, Ya-Ke, et al.
(författare)
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Reciprocal relationship between psychosocial work stress and quality of life : the role of gender and education from the longitudinal study of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate the reciprocal relationship between psychosocial work stress and quality of life (QoL) and to examine whether the relationship can be moderated by gender or education. Design Longitudinal, population-based study. Setting The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Participants The study population was derived from the SHARE, and there were 2006 participants with good QoL at baseline, 1109 with high job control and 1072 with high job reward, respectively, who were followed up for 2 years to detect incidence of poor QoL, low job control and low job reward. Main outcome measures Logistic regression models were employed to explore the reciprocal relationship between psychological work stress and QoL. Stratification analyses by gender and education were performed. Results Participants with low reward (OR= 1.53, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.88) and low control (OR= 1.40, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.71) at baseline were at higher risk of poor QoL over the 2-year follow-up. The combination of low reward and low control further increased the risk (OR= 1.90, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.48). Stratified analyses revealed that these associations were more pronounced among those who had high levels of education. Further, individuals with poor QoL were at significantly higher risk of having low reward (OR= 2.14, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.96) but not low control (OR= 1.33, 95% CI0.98 to 1.79) at the 2-year follow-up, especially among those who had medium levels of education. No gender differences were found. Conclusions There is a reciprocal relationship between psychological work stress and poor QoL. Education may play an important role in the relationship.
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| 25. |
- Nie, Shisong, et al.
(författare)
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High Conductivity, Semiconducting, and Metallic PEDOT:PSS Electrode for All-Plastic Solar Cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 28:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plastic electrodes are desirable for the rapid development of flexible organic electronics. In this article, a plastic electrode has been prepared by employing traditional conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and plastic substrate polyethersulfone (PES). The completed electrode (Denote as HC-PEDOT:PSS) treated by 80% concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) possesses a high electrical conductivity of over 2673 S/cm and a high transmittance of over 90% at 550 nm. The high conductivity is attributed to the regular arrangement of PEDOT molecules, which has been proved by the X-ray diffraction characterization. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurement reveals that the HC-PEDOT:PSS possesses both semiconducting and metallic properties. The binding force and effects between the PEDOT and PEI are investigated in detail. All plastic solar cells with a classical device structure of PES/HC-PEDOT:PSS/PEI/P3HT:ICBA/EG-PEDOT:PSS show a PCE of 4.05%. The ITO-free device with a structure of Glass/HC-PEDOT:PSS/Al4083/PM6:Y6/PDINO/Ag delivers an open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of 0.81 V, short-circuit current (J(SC) ) of 23.5 mA/cm(2), fill factor (FF) of 0.67 and a moderate power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.8%. The above results demonstrate the HC-PEDOT:PSS electrode is a promising candidate for all-plastic solar cells and ITO-free organic solar cells.
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| 26. |
- Qi, Xingmei, et al.
(författare)
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Spider silk protein forms amyloid-like nanofibrils through a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization mechanism
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Small. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 18:46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid fibrils—nanoscale fibrillar aggregates with high levels of order—are pathogenic in some today incurable human diseases; however, there are also many physiologically functioning amyloids in nature. The process of amyloid formation is typically nucleation-elongation-dependent, as exemplified by the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Spider silk, one of the toughest biomaterials, shares characteristics with amyloid. In this study, it is shown that forming amyloid-like nanofibrils is an inherent property preserved by various spider silk proteins (spidroins). Both spidroins and Aβ capped by spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, can assemble into macroscopic spider silk-like fibers that consist of straight nanofibrils parallel to the fiber axis as observed in native spider silk. While Aβ forms amyloid nanofibrils through a nucleation-dependent pathway and exhibits strong cytotoxicity and seeding effects, spidroins spontaneously and rapidly form amyloid-like nanofibrils via a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization pathway that involves lateral packing of fibrils. Spidroin nanofibrils share amyloid-like properties but lack strong cytotoxicity and the ability to self-seed or cross-seed human amyloidogenic peptides. These results suggest that spidroins' unique primary structures have evolved to allow functional properties of amyloid, and at the same time direct their fibrillization pathways to avoid formation of cytotoxic intermediates.
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| 27. |
- Qi, Xingmei, et al.
(författare)
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Spider Silk Protein Forms Amyloid-Like Nanofibrils through a Non-Nucleation-Dependent Polymerization Mechanism (Small 46/2023)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 19:46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid fibrils—nanoscale fibrillar aggregates with high levels of order—are pathogenic in some today incurable human diseases; however, there are also many physiologically functioning amyloids in nature. The process of amyloid formation is typically nucleation-elongation-dependent, as exemplified by the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Spider silk, one of the toughest biomaterials, shares characteristics with amyloid. In this study, it is shown that forming amyloid-like nanofibrils is an inherent property preserved by various spider silk proteins (spidroins). Both spidroins and Aβ capped by spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, can assemble into macroscopic spider silk-like fibers that consist of straight nanofibrils parallel to the fiber axis as observed in native spider silk. While Aβ forms amyloid nanofibrils through a nucleation-dependent pathway and exhibits strong cytotoxicity and seeding effects, spidroins spontaneously and rapidly form amyloid-like nanofibrils via a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization pathway that involves lateral packing of fibrils. Spidroin nanofibrils share amyloid-like properties but lack strong cytotoxicity and the ability to self-seed or cross-seed human amyloidogenic peptides. These results suggest that spidroins´ unique primary structures have evolved to allow functional properties of amyloid, and at the same time direct their fibrillization pathways to avoid formation of cytotoxic intermediates.
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| 28. |
- Qian, Jin Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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DETERMINATION OF DROPLET VELOCITY IN SQUARE MICROCHANNEL
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements. - 2046-0546. ; 10:1, s. 62-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generally, droplet velocity in liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannel is obtained via droplet displacement and time interval precise determination in sequential photos/videos. The precision is tightly related to shutter speed of the camera. In this paper, a novel method called direct image method is proposed to predict the droplet velocity. The droplet velocity can be easily obtained in one snapshot by this method. In order to validate the accuracy of this novel method, experiments are carried out in water-butanol, water-hexane and water-oil (Mogul Trafo CZ-A Paramo) systems. The droplet velocity predicted by this direct image method shows a good agreement with the experimental data. Although the assumptions which has been used to determine the droplet velocity still need to be improved, this method can be useful in industrial application.
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| 29. |
- Qian, Jin Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of inlet arrangements on liquid-liquid flow patterns in cross-junction square microchannels
- 2017
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Ingår i: Micro- and Nano-Systems Engineering and Packaging. - 9780791858455 ; 10
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the high surface area to volume ratios leading to intensified heat and mass transfer rates, microreactors have been subject of interest for some time. Liquid-liquid two-phase flow is a very common phenomenon in microchannels. During the scale-up using a numbering-up approach, rectangular and square microchannels are preferred to circular microchannels in terms of easier integration of the former with a less volume. Therefore, liquid-liquid two-phase flow in non-circular microchannels has been investigated recently. However, there are still gaps in the fundamental understanding of liquid-liquid two-phase flow, such as the effect of inlet junctions or arrangements on flow patterns in non-circular microchannels. The present work aims to study the effect of inlet arrangements on liquid-liquid two-phase flow dynamics and flow patterns of square glass microchannels. In this paper, oil is used as the dispersed phase and de-ionized water is used as the continuous phase. The special inlet arrangement in the cross-junction is compared to these common inlet arrangements of T-junction and cross-junction square microchannels. The effect of the inlet continuous phase velocity on the slug length is studied. Then, the slug lengths with the same inlet velocities of the three inlets and equal velocities of the two phases are carried out, respectively. Meanwhile, typical liquid-liquid flow pattern transitions are achieved at specific conditions. Finally, a special phenomenon without the droplet flow pattern is introduced, due to introduction of the novel inlet arrangement.
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| 30. |
- Qian, Jin Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure fluctuations of liquid-liquid slug flow in cross-junction square microchannels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceeding: International Heat Transfer Conference 16. - 2377-424X. ; , s. 7231-7241
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microchannels are widely used for heat transfer enhancement. The pressure characteristics are one of the most important factors affecting the heat transfer performance, and the pressure regulation may also control the heat transfer precisely in turn. As a common flow pattern of two-phase flow, slug flow has obvious advantages for heat and mass transfer, like steady flow rate and large interface area etc. Due to the interface stress and the velocity difference between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase, pressure fluctuations occur in both the flowing direction and the cross section. In oil and natural gas industries, pressure fluctuations of slug flow can be used for the slug size and velocity measurement, and also to analyze the principle of slug generation. However, when it comes to micro scale, pressure fluctuations of slug flow in microchannels is difficult to measure, not only due to the pressure difference within a low pressure range (10 to 103 Pa), but also because of the small size, for which conventional pressure sensors cannot be utilized. In this paper, a numerical method is adopted for the liquid-liquid slug flow (butanol/water) pressure prediction in a cross-junction square microchannel. To begin with, the validation of the numerical method is carried out by comparing the slug size with experiments under the same working conditions. Then, both pressure fluctuations in the flow direction and in the cross section are investigated. With a transient flow model, pressure fluctuations in the cross section at different flowing time are observed. Finally, effects of the dispersed phase (butanol) injection velocity on pressure fluctuations are performed. This work can be used for further study of the slug generation in microchannels.
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| 31. |
- Qiao, Ya-Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Reciprocal associations between job strain and depression : A 2-year follow-up study from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : Wiley. - 2162-3279 .- 2162-3279. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A growing number of people suffered from depression. This study examined the depression prevalence in workers across 10 European countries plus Israel and the reciprocal associations between job strain and depression.Methods: The study population consisted of 7,879 workers aged 50-63 years at baseline (2004) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Job demands (physical or psychosocial) and job control variables were derived from the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Two 4-category job strains (physical and psychosocial) were obtained based on the cross-tabulation of these dichotomized demands and control variables. There were 4,284 depression-free, 3,259 high physical strain-free and 3,195 high psychosocial strain-free participants at baseline who were followed up for 2 years to detect incident depression, high physical job strain, or high psychosocial strain, respectively. The reciprocal associations between job strain and depression were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and multivariate multilevel logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.Results: The prevalence of depression varied from the lowest 12.5% in Germany to the highest 27.2% in France. Compared to individuals with low strain, a significantly higher risk of depression were found in individuals with high physical strain (OR = 1.39) and high psychosocial strain (OR = 1.55), after adjusting for potential confounders. Depression at baseline was not significantly associated with subsequent high job strain. Similar results were observed from multilevel models that took into consideration of the potential country-level influences.Conclusions: The prevalence of depression varies across countries in Europe. Avoiding high job strain may be an effective preventive strategy to prevent depression epidemic.
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| 32. |
- Shen, Haixiao, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Performance of Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heat Transfer Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0145-7632 .- 1521-0537. ; 44:21-22, s. 2027-2039
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design of the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) is very important for the seasonal solar thermal storage system. The BTES designed based on the empirical method could lead to some unsatisfied effects in actual operations. This paper simulated the BTES operation in one year to study the effects of soil thermal conductivity, soil volume-specific heat, initial soil temperature and relative surface area of storage on energy efficiency of the BTES. The results show that energy efficiency of the BTES reaches the maximum when soil thermal conductivity is 1.8 W/(m·K). According to the results, soil thermal conductivity has more significant effects on the heat extraction per soil volume but has the most negligible impact on energy efficiency of the BTES. At the same time, relative surface area of storage is the most influential factor on energy efficiency of the BTES. Finally, a new BTES design method was proposed which is suitable for the studied parameter range. It is worth noting that the present study focuses on the continuous operation of the system and fixed buried pipe spacing, while the intermittent operation and other buried pipe spacing will be studied in future work.
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| 33. |
- Su, Xiao-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Dinuclear Copper Complex in a Neutral Aqueous Solution
- 2015
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 54:16, s. 4909-4914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrocatalytic water oxidation using the oxidatively robust 2,7-[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-1,8-naphthyridine ligand (BPMAN)-based dinuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu-2(BPMAN)(-OH)](3+), has been investigated. This catalyst exhibits high reactivity and stability towards water oxidation in neutral aqueous solutions. DFT calculations suggest that the OO bond formation takes place by an intramolecular direct coupling mechanism rather than by a nucleophilic attack of water on the high-oxidation-state (CuO)-O-IV moiety.
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| 34. |
- Wang, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Ethyl Thioglycolate Assisted Multifunctional Surface Modulation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the core component of sandwich-like perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the quality of perovskite layer is a challenge for further progress in PSCs due to the unfavorable defects and uncontrollable crystallization. Here, a surface post-treatment strategy employing ethyl thioglycolate (ET) as ligand molecule is developed for property manipulation of perovskite films. ET can lower surface energy of perovskite facets and induces secondary growth of grains, giving films with higher crystallinity and lower defect density. Meanwhile, both carbonyl and sulfhydryl in ET can bind to the Pb2+, thus forming bidentate anchoring on the surface for defect passivation. Besides, the perovskite/ET/C60 interface presents improved charge transfer owing to the well-aligned energy levels. Consequently, the power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) is boosted to 22.42% and 23.56% (certified 23.29%) for the FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3 and FA0.9MA0.05Cs0.05Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3 PSCs, respectively, and the FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3-based PSC with a larger area (1.03 cm2) delivers a PCE of 20.01%. Importantly, ET demonstrates effective management of I2 and PbI2, thereby preventing accelerated degradation and lead leakage of devices. Thanks to the multiple effects of ET, the resulting devices exhibit significantly enhanced ambient stability over a course of 800 h, and a thermal stability of over 1500 h while maintaining 80.4% of its original efficiency. The efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells are developed by introducing ethyl thioglycolate for synergistic crystallization modulation, surface passivation and interfacial PbI2/I2 management. image
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| 35. |
- Wu, Jia-Jia, et al.
(författare)
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Late-life depression and the risk of dementia in 14 countries : a 10-year follow-up study from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 274, s. 671-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression is the most common mental health problem and often co-occurs with dementia in old age. This study investigates the in fluence of late-life depression on risk of dementia.Methods: A total of 16210 dementia-free participants aged 60+ from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe were followed up for 10 years to detect incident dementia. Depression was assessed by a 12-item Europe-depression scale, dementia was determined by physician diagnosis reported by the participants and their informants. Fine and Gray model was performed to explore the association between depression and incident dementia taking into account competing risk of death.Results: During an average of 8 years follow-up, 1030 (6.35%) incident dementia were identi fied. Late-life depression was related to higher subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) of dementia (sHR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.32-1.75) after adjusting for age, gender, country, education, smoking, drinking, living arrangement, BMI, chronic disease, and physical activity. Further, the risk was only existed in those below age of 80 (sHR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.47-2.07). In addition, a dose-response association was observed between the severity of depression and dementia risk (p for trend<0.001).Limitation: The ascertainment of depression and dementia was based on information reported by the participants and/or their informants, which might result in information bias. The causal relationship could not be determined because limited follow-up time.Conclusions: Late-life depression is associated with higher incidence of dementia in a dose-response fashion. Interventions targeting depression patients aged 60-79 years and those with severe depression may be e ffective strategies to prevent dementia.
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| 36. |
- Wu, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of GABA(B) receptors in the insula on recognition memory observed with intellicage
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Functions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-9081. ; 13:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Insular function has gradually become a topic of intense study in cognitive research. Recognition memory is a commonly studied type of memory in memory research. GABA(B)R has been shown to be closely related to memory formation. In the present study, we used intellicage, which is a new intelligent behavioural test system, and a bilateral drug microinjection technique to inject into the bilateral insula, to examine the relationship between GABA(B)R and recognition memory. Methods: Male Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, Sham, Nacl, baclofen and CGP35348 groups. Different testing procedures were employed using intellicage to detect changes in rat recognition memory. The expression of GABA(B)R (GB1, GB2) in the insula of rats was determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting at the protein level. In addition, the expression of GABA(B)R (GB1, GB2) was detected by RT-PCR at the mRNA level. Results: The results of the intellicage test showed that recognition memory was impaired in terms of position learning, punitive learning and punitive reversal learning by using baclofen and CGP35348. In position reversal learning, no significant differences were found in terms of cognitive memory ability between the control groups and the CGP and baclofen groups. Immunofluorescence data showed GABA(B)R (GB1, GB2) expression in the insula, while data from RTPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that the relative expression of GB1 and GB2 was significantly increased in the baclofen group compared with the control groups. In the CGP35348 group, the expression of GB1 and GB2 was significantly decreased, but there was no significant difference in GB1 or GB2 expression in the control groups. Conclusions: GABA(B)R expression in the insula plays an important role in the formation of recognition memory in rats.
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| 37. |
- Wu, Qi-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to major constituents of fine particulate matter and neurodegenerative diseases : a population-based survey in the Pearl River Delta Region, China
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, with limited understanding of constituent-specific contributions.Objectives: To explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and neurodegenerative diseases.Methods: We recruited 148,274 individuals aged ≥ 60 from four cities in the Pearl River Delta region, China (2020 to 2021). We calculated twenty-year average air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-)) at the individuals' home addresses. Neurodegenerative diseases were determined by self-reported doctor-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Generalized linear mixed models were employed to explore associations between pollutants and neurodegenerative disease prevalence.Results: PM2.5 and all five constituents were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of AD and PD. The observed associations generally exhibited a non-linear pattern. For example, compared with the lowest quartile, higher quartiles of BC were associated with greater odds for AD prevalence (i.e., the adjusted odds ratios were 1.81; 95% CI, 1.45–2.27; 1.78; 95% CI, 1.37–2.32; and 1.99; 95% CI, 1.54–2.57 for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively).Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents, particularly combustion-related BC, OM, and SO42-, was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AD and PD in Chinese individuals.Environmental implication: PM2.5 is a routinely regulated mixture of multiple hazardous constituents that can lead to diverse adverse health outcomes. However, current evidence on the specific contributions of PM2.5 constituents to health effects is scarce. This study firstly investigated the association between PM2.5 constituents and neurodegenerative diseases in the moderately to highly polluted Pearl River Delta region in China, and identified hazardous constituents within PM2.5 that have significant impacts. This study provides important implications for the development of targeted PM2.5 prevention and control policies to reduce specific hazardous PM2.5 constituents.
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| 38. |
- Xiong, Dehua, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Performance of p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Ultrasmall Mg-Doped CuCrO2 Nanocrystals
- 2013
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 6:8, s. 1432-1437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we present ultrasmall delafossite-type Mg-doped CuCrO2 nanocrystals prepared by using hydrothermal synthesis and their first application as photocathodes in efficient p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The short-circuit current density (J(sc)) is notably increased by approximately 27% owing to the decreased crystallite size and the enhanced optical transmittance associated with Mg doping of the CuCrO2 nanocrystalline sample. An open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 201mV, J(sc) of 1.51mAcm(-2), fill factor of 0.449, and overall photoconversion efficiency of 0.132% have been achieved with the CuCr0.9Mg0.1O2 dye photocathode sensitized with the P1 dye under optimized conditions. This efficiency is nearly threetimes higher than that of the NiO-based reference device, which is attributed to the largely improved V-oc and J(sc). The augmentation of V-oc and J(sc) can be attributed to the lower valance band position and the faster hole diffusion coefficient of CuCr0.9Mg0.1O2 compared to those of the NiO reference, respectively, which leads to a higher hole collection efficiency.
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| 39. |
- Zhang, Jin-Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear to cytoplasmic shift of p33ING1b protein from normal oral mucosa to oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological variables
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 134:3, s. 421-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: p33ING1b, as a candidate tumour suppressor gene, has been found to be expressed a proportion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), however, its clinicopathological significance is not studied yet. Our aim was to investigate association of p33ING1b expression with clinicopathological variables and particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) in OSCCs. Methods: p33ING1b expression was immumohistochemically examined in 20 normal oral mucosa specimens and 49 OSCCs. Results: Normal squamous cells showed only p33ING1b nuclear expression (no cytoplasmic expression), with a rate of 90% positive cases. While 24% of OSCCs appeared cytoplasmic expression (11 of them with weak nuclear staining) and the rest tumours (76%) were negative for p33 ING1b. Furthermore, the cases having lymph node metastasis showed a higher frequency of positive cytoplasmic expression than those without metastasis (P = 0.03). The p33ING1b cytoplasmic expression was positively related to PINCH expression (P = 0.04), the cases positive for both proteins had a high rate of the metastasis (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The transfer of p33ING1b protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm may result in loss of normal cellular function of the protein, which might play a role in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of OSCCs. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.
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| 40. |
- Zhang, Xiao-Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Auto-suppression of Tet dioxygenases protects the mouse oocyte genome from oxidative demethylation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 1545-9993 .- 1545-9985. ; 31:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA cytosine methylation plays a vital role in repressing retrotransposons, and such derepression is linked with developmental failure, tumorigenesis and aging. DNA methylation patterns are formed by precisely regulated actions of DNA methylation writers (DNA methyltransferases) and erasers (TET, ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases). However, the mechanisms underlying target-specific oxidation of 5mC by TET dioxygenases remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a large low-complexity domain (LCD), located in the catalytic part of Tet enzymes, negatively regulates the dioxygenase activity. Recombinant Tet3 lacking LCD is shown to be hyperactive in converting 5mC into oxidized species in vitro. Endogenous expression of the hyperactive Tet3 mutant in mouse oocytes results in genome-wide 5mC oxidation. Notably, the occurrence of aberrant 5mC oxidation correlates with a consequent loss of the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 at ERVK retrotransposons. The erosion of both 5mC and H3K9me3 causes ERVK derepression along with upregulation of their neighboring genes, potentially leading to the impairment of oocyte development. These findings suggest that Tet dioxygenases use an intrinsic auto-regulatory mechanism to tightly regulate their enzymatic activity, thus achieving spatiotemporal specificity of methylome reprogramming, and highlight the importance of methylome integrity for development. Here the authors show that TET dioxygenases, the erasers of DNA methylation, use a self-limiting mechanism via their LCD domain to ensure adaptable methylome status and protect the genome from excessive oxidative methylation.
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| 41. |
- ZHEN, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Heat transfer performance and friction factor of various nanofluids in a double-tube counter flow heat exchanger
- 2020
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Ingår i: Thermal Science. - 0354-9836. ; 24:6 PART A, s. 3601-3612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental research was conducted to reveal the effects of nanofluids on heat transfer performance in a double-tube heat exchanger. With nanoparticle weight fraction of 0.5-2.0% and Reynolds number of 4500-14500, the flow resistance and heat transfer were analyzed by using six nanofluids, i.e., CuO-water, Al2O3-water, Fe3O4-water, ZnO-water, SiC-water, SiO2-water nanofluids. Results show that SiC-water nanofluid with a weight concentration of 1.5% provides the best improvement of heat transfer performance. 1.0% CuO-water and 0.5% SiO2-water nanofluids have lower friction factors in the range of Reynolds number from 4500-14500 compared to the other nanofluids. Based on test results of heat transfer performance and flow resistance, the 1.0% CuO-water nanofluid shows a great advantage due to a relatively high heat transfer performance and a low friction factor. Finally, empirical formulae of Nusselt numbers for various nanofluids were established based on experimental data tested in the double-tube heat exchanger.
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| 42. |
- Zhen, Rong, et al.
(författare)
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A novel analytic framework of real-time multi-vessel collision risk assessment for maritime traffic surveillance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0029-8018 .- 1873-5258. ; 145, s. 492-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-vessel collision risk assessment for maritime traffic surveillance is a key technique to ensure the safety and security of maritime traffic and transportation. This paper proposes a framework of real-time multi-vessel collision assessment that combines a spatial clustering process (DBSCAN) for detecting clusters of encounter vessels and a multi-vessel collision risk index model for encounter vessels within each cluster from the large amounts of monitored vessels in a surveyed sea area. First, the vessels monitored are clustered using DBSCAN to obtain the clusters of encounter vessels, filtering out the relatively safe vessels. Then, the dynamic motion relation between encounter vessels within each cluster is modeled to obtain DCPA and TCPA. The semantic and mathematical relationship of vessel collision risk index for each cluster of encounter vessels with DCPA and TCAP is constructed using a negative exponential function. To illustrate the effectiveness of the framework proposed, an experimental case study has been carried out within the west coastal waters of Sweden. The results show that our framework is effective and efficient at detecting and ranking collision risk indexes between encounter vessels within each duster, which allows an automatic risk prioritization of encounter vessels for further investigation by operators. Hence, this framework can improve the safety and security of vessel traffic transportation and reduce the loss of lives and property.
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| 43. |
- Zhuo, Lai-Bao, et al.
(författare)
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Working life job strain status and cognitive aging in Europe : A 12-year follow-up study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 295, s. 1177-1183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To examine the association of job strain with cognitive ability and the influence of life-course job strain on later life cognitive decline.Methods: Data were derived from six waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe. The study sample consists of 13349 participants aged 50 to 98 years at wave 2 and has been followed up for 12-years. Job strain status across working life was assessed using a short demand-control job strain model containing two core dimensions: job demands and job control collected in wave 3. Cognitive abilities concerning episodic memory was assessed by immediate recall and delayed recall tests, executive function was evaluated by verbal fluency test collected in all waves (waves 2–7) except wave 3. Mixed-effects model was used to estimate working life job strain and its cumulative effect on cognitive decline.Results: Both passive and high strain jobs were associated with lower levels of cognitive ability (episodic memory and verbal fluency) in comparison with active job. Long exposure to active- or low strain-job was associated with higher cognitive ability whereas long exposure to passive job or moderate duration of high strain job was associated with lower cognitive ability. The rate of memory decline was positively related to moderate duration of passive job and negatively related to long-term exposure to low strain job.Limitations: Information on working conditions was based on self-reported recollections.Conclusions: Working life variation in job strain status and their duration may explain individual differences in cognitive ability in later life.
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