| 1. |
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Zhou, Xian-Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Thermo-sensitive Microgels Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Temperature-mediated Catalyst
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Polymer Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0256-7679 .- 1439-6203. ; 37:3, s. 235-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microgels with a thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAm) backbone and bis-imidazolium (VIM) ionic cross-links, denoted as poly(NIPAm-co-VIM), were successfully prepared. The as-synthesized ionic microgels were converted to nanoreactors, denoted as Au@PNI MGs, upon generation and immobilization of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of 5-8 nm in size into poly(NIPAm-co-VIM). The content of Au NPs in microgels could be regulated by controlling the 1,6-dibromohexane/vinylimidazole molar ratio in the quaternization reaction. The microgel-based nanoreactors were morphologically spherical and uniform in size, and presented reversible thermo-sensitive behavior with volume phase transition temperatures (VPTTs) at 39-40 degrees C. The Au@PNI MGs were used for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, of which the catalytic activity could be modulated by temperature.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 98:8, s. S1-S280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.
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| 9. |
- Blunden, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2012
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 94:8, s. S1-S258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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| 10. |
- Cheng, Li-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient CsPbBr3 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Synergetic Morphology Control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of solution-processed inorganic metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is currently hindered by low emission efficiency due to morphological defects and severe non-radiative recombination in all-inorganic perovskite emitters. Herein, bright PeLEDs are demonstrated by synergetic morphology control over cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite films with the combination of two additives. The phenethylammonium bromide additive enables the formation of mixed-dimensional CsPbBr3 perovskites featuring the reduced grain size (amp;lt;15 nm) and efficient energy funneling, while the dielectric polyethyleneglycol additive promotes the formation of highly compact and pinhole-free perovskite films with defect passivation at grain boundaries. Consequently, green PeLEDs achieve a current efficiency of 37.14 cd A(-1) and an external quantum efficiency of 13.14% with the maximum brightness up to 45 990 cd m(-2) and high color purity. Furthermore, this method can be effectively extended to realize flexible PeLEDs on plastic substrates with a high efficiency of 31.0 cd A(-1).
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| 11. |
- Kato, Norihiro, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies 12 genetic loci influencing blood pressure and implicates a role for DNA methylation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 47:11, s. 1282-1293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out a trans-ancestry genome-wide association and replication study of blood pressure phenotypes among up to 320,251 individuals of East Asian, European and South Asian ancestry. We find genetic variants at 12 new loci to be associated with blood pressure (P = 3.9 × 10−11 to 5.0 × 10−21). The sentinel blood pressure SNPs are enriched for association with DNA methylation at multiple nearby CpG sites, suggesting that, at some of the loci identified, DNA methylation may lie on the regulatory pathway linking sequence variation to blood pressure. The sentinel SNPs at the 12 new loci point to genes involved in vascular smooth muscle (IGFBP3, KCNK3, PDE3A and PRDM6) and renal (ARHGAP24, OSR1, SLC22A7 and TBX2) function. The new and known genetic variants predict increased left ventricular mass, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P = 0.04 to 8.6 × 10−6). Our results provide new evidence for the role of DNA methylation in blood pressure regulation.
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| 12. |
- Liang, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Interpenetrated Single-Crystal Covalent Organic Frameworks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:41, s. 17991-17995
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as single crystals is extremely challenging. Inaccessibility of open-structured single-crystal COFs prevents the exploration of structure-oriented applications. Herein we report for the first time a non-interpenetrated single-crystal COF, LZU-306, which possesses the open structure constructed exclusively via covalent assembly. With a high void volume of 80 %, LZU-306 was applied to investigate the intrinsic dynamics of reticulated tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the individual aggregation-induced-emission moiety. Solid-state(2)H NMR investigation has determined that the rotation of benzene rings in TPE, being the freest among the reported cases, is as fast as 1.0x10(4) Hz at 203 K to 1.5x10(7) Hz at 293 K. This research not only explores a new paradigm for single-crystal growth of open frameworks, but also provides a unique matrix-isolation platform to reticulate functional moieties into a well-defined and isolated state.
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| 13. |
- Lin, Chenwen, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen-Incorporated TiS2 Ultrathin Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Conductivity for Stamp-Transferrable Electrodes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 135:13, s. 5144-5151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a conceptually new class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, the ultrathin nanosheets as inorganic graphene analogues (IGAs) play an increasingly vital role in the new-generation electronics. However, the relatively low electrical conductivity of inorganic ultrathin nanosheets in current stage significantly hampered their conducting electrode applications in constructing nanodevices. We developed the unprecedentedly high electrical conductivity in inorganic ultrathin nanosheets. The hydric titanium disulfide (HTS) ultrathin nanosheets, as a new IGAs, exhibit the exclusively high electrical conductivity of 6.76 x 10(4) S/m at room temperature, which is superior to indium tin oxide (1.9 x 10(4) S/m), recording the best value in the solution assembled 2D thin films of both graphene (5.5 x 10(4) S/m) and inorganic graphene analogues (5.0 x 10(2) S/m). The modified hydrogen on S-Ti-S layers contributes additional electrons to the TiS2 layered frameworks, rendering the controllable electrical conductivity as well as the electron concentrations. Together with synergic advantages of the excellent mechanical flexibility, high stability, and stamp-transferrable properties, the HTS thin films show promising capability for being the next generation conducting electrode material in the nanodevice fields.
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| 14. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 15. |
- Ren, Luyao, et al.
(författare)
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Quartet DNA reference materials and datasets for comprehensively evaluating germline variant calling performance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genomic DNA reference materials are widely recognized as essential for ensuring data quality in omics research. However, relying solely on reference datasets to evaluate the accuracy of variant calling results is incomplete, as they are limited to benchmark regions. Therefore, it is important to develop DNA reference materials that enable the assessment of variant detection performance across the entire genome.RESULTS: We established a DNA reference material suite from four immortalized cell lines derived from a family of parents and monozygotic twins. Comprehensive reference datasets of 4.2 million small variants and 15,000 structural variants were integrated and certified for evaluating the reliability of germline variant calls inside the benchmark regions. Importantly, the genetic built-in-truth of the Quartet family design enables estimation of the precision of variant calls outside the benchmark regions. Using the Quartet reference materials along with study samples, batch effects are objectively monitored and alleviated by training a machine learning model with the Quartet reference datasets to remove potential artifact calls. Moreover, the matched RNA and protein reference materials and datasets from the Quartet project enables cross-omics validation of variant calls from multiomics data.CONCLUSIONS: The Quartet DNA reference materials and reference datasets provide a unique resource for objectively assessing the quality of germline variant calls throughout the whole-genome regions and improving the reliability of large-scale genomic profiling.
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| 16. |
- Abbott, Benjamin W., et al.
(författare)
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Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire : an expert assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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| 17. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of the decay psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma)over-bar(+/-) pi(-/+) + c.c
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:11, s. 112007-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a sample of 1:06 X 10(8) psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, we present the first observation of the decays of psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (+) pi(-) + c.c. and psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (-) pi(+) + c.c. The branching fractions are measured to be B(psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (+) pi(-) + c.c.) = (1.40 +/- 0.03 +/- 0.13) X 10(-4) and B(psi(3686) -> Lambda (Sigma) over bar (-) pi(+) + c.c.) = (1.54 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.13) X 10(-4) where the first errors are statistical and the second ones systematic.
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| 18. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for eta(c)(2S)h(c) -> p(p)over-bar decays and measurements of the chi(cJ) -> p(p)over-bar branching fractions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:11, s. 112001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a sample of 1.06 x 10(8)psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decays eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over bar and h(c) -> p (p) over bar are searched for, where eta(c)(2S) and h(c) are reconstructed in the decay chains psi(3686) -> gamma eta(c)(2S), eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over bar and psi(3686) -> pi(0)h(c), h(c) -> p (p) over bar, respectively. No significant signals are observed. The upper limits of the product branching fractions are determined to be B(psi(3686) -> gamma eta(c)(2S)) x B(eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over bar) < 1.4 x 10(-6) and B(psi(3686) -> pi(0)h(c)) x B(h(c) -> p<(p)over bar>) < 1.3 x 10(-7) at the 90% C.L.. The branching fractions for chi(cJ) -> p<(p)over bar> (J = 0, 1, 2) are also measured to be (24.5 +/- 0.8 +/- 1.3, 8.6 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5, 8.4 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-5), which are the world's most precise measurements.
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| 19. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 99:8, s. S1-S310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 21. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 22. |
- Carbone, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon Composites for a High-Energy Lithium–Sulfur Battey with a Glyme-Based Electrolyte
- 2017
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Ingår i: ChemElectroChem. - : Wiley. - 2196-0216. ; 4:1, s. 209-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparative study of sulfur composites using carbon of various natures, namely, graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, is performed in lithium battery design and evaluation. Morphological and structural analyses, by means of SEM and XRD, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling in lithium cells are employed for characterization of the materials. Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether containing lithium trifluoromethansulfonate is considered the preferred electrolyte for performing the electrochemical tests. Prior to use in cells, the electrolyte characteristics in terms of 1H, 7Li, and 19F nuclei self-diffusion coefficients, ionic conductivity, and ionic association degree are studied by combining NMR and impedance spectroscopy. The best lithium–sulfur composite reported herein achieves a capacity higher than 500 mAh g?1 over 140 cycles with no sign of dendrite formation or failure. This performance is considered sufficiently suitable for the development of high-energy lithium batteries, in particular, considering the expected safety of the cells by employing a nonflammable glyme electrolyte instead of a conventional carbonate-based one.
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| 23. |
- Chen, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Seismically constrained thermo-rheological structure of the eastern Tibetan margin : Implication for lithospheric delamination
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 627, s. 122-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The eastern Tibetan margin bordered by the Longmen Shan range exhibits significant lateral differences in the lithospheric structure and thermal state. To investigate the roles of these differences in mountain building, we construct a thermo-rheological model along a wide-angle seismic profile across the eastern Tibetan margin based on recent seismic and thermal observations. The thermal modeling is constrained by the surface heat flow data and crustal P wave velocity model. The construction of the theological envelopes is based on rock mechanics results, and involves two types of rheology: a weak case where the lower crust is felsic granulite and the lithospheric mantle is wet peridotite, and a strong case where the lower crust is mafic granulite and the lithospheric mantle is dry peridotite. The results demonstrate: (1) one high-temperature anomaly exists within the uppermost mantle beneath eastern Tibet, indicating that the crust in eastern Tibet is remarkably warmer than that in the Sichuan basin, and (2) the rheological strength of the lithospheric mantle beneath eastern Tibet is considerably weaker than that beneath the Sichuan basin. The rheological profiles are in accord with seismicity distribution. By combining these results with the observed crustal/lithospheric architecture, Pn velocity distribution and magmatism in the eastern Tibetan margin, we suggest that the delamination of a thickened lithospheric mantle root beneath eastern Tibet is responsible for the growth of the eastern Tibetan margin.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Shi-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Guanidine-based protic ionic liquids as highly efficient intermolecular scissors for dissolving natural cellulose
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 25:22, s. 9322-9334
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of highly efficient and environmentally friendly solvents for dissolving cellulose, which is the most abundant natural polymer on Earth, remains a challenge, hindering its full utilization. Herein, a green protic ionic liquid, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium methoxyacetate ([TMGH][MAA]), was found to exhibit attractive capacity to dissolve natural cellulose with an appropriate TMG/MAA molar ratio of 7 : 3 at 80 degrees C. The solubility of cotton linter and ultra-high molecular weight cotton fibers reached 13% (w/w) and 3% (w/w), respectively, surpassing that of most solvent systems currently used for the dissolution of cellulose. The experimental and simulation results verified that the excellent dissolution ability of [TMGH][MAA] for cellulose is mainly attributed to the destruction of the intrinsic hydrogen-bond networks in cellulose by the synergistic interactions of the [TMGH] cations and [MAA] anions with the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose chains, acting as highly efficient "intermolecular scissors". The superiority of this novel dissolution system was further demonstrated by the remarkable comprehensive properties of the regenerated cellulose film including satisfactory thermostability, high transparency, and excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, the satisfactory recovery performance of this solvent highlights its significant feasibility for large-scale industrial manufacturing. The proposed [TMGH][MAA] in this study exhibits great potential as a next-generation processing solvent for dissolving, and thus processing cellulose, promoting the sustainable development of high-value-added cellulose materials.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Cui, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Over 16% efficiency organic photovoltaic cells enabled by a chlorinated acceptor with increased open-circuit voltages
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadening the optical absorption of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials by enhancing the intramolecular push-pull effect is a general and effective method to improve the power conversion efficiencies of OPV cells. However, in terms of the electron acceptors, the most common molecular design strategy of halogenation usually results in down-shifted molecular energy levels, thereby leading to decreased open-circuit voltages in the devices. Herein, we report a chlorinated non-fullerene acceptor, which exhibits an extended optical absorption and meanwhile displays a higher voltage than its fluorinated counterpart in the devices. This unexpected phenomenon can be ascribed to the reduced non-radiative energy loss (0.206 eV). Due to the simultaneously improved short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage, a high efficiency of 16.5% is achieved. This study demonstrates that finely tuning the OPV materials to reduce the bandgap-voltage offset has great potential for boosting the efficiency.
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| 27. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Elks, Cathy E, et al.
(författare)
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Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:12, s. 1077-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify loci for age at menarche, we performed a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies in 87,802 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,731 women. In addition to the known loci at LIN28B (P = 5.4 × 10⁻⁶⁰) and 9q31.2 (P = 2.2 × 10⁻³³), we identified 30 new menarche loci (all P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and found suggestive evidence for a further 10 loci (P < 1.9 × 10⁻⁶). The new loci included four previously associated with body mass index (in or near FTO, SEC16B, TRA2B and TMEM18), three in or near other genes implicated in energy homeostasis (BSX, CRTC1 and MCHR2) and three in or near genes implicated in hormonal regulation (INHBA, PCSK2 and RXRG). Ingenuity and gene-set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme A and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing.
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| 30. |
- Han, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of p-ATF2 involved in the chondeocytes apoptosis of an endemic osteoarthritis, Kashin-Beck disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to understand the function and expression of ATF2 by JNK and p38 signal pathways in the chondrocytes apoptosis of articular cartilage of the Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).METHODS: The changes of ATF2, JNK and p38 mRNAs and proteins were investigated between cartilage and chondrocyte as well as KBD and normal. JNK and p38 inhibitors were used as treatments to prevent apoptosis in chondrocytes from KBD patients.RESULTS: It was found that the protein levels of p-p38, p-JNK, ATF2 and p-ATF2 increased in KBD human cartilage which is in line with the higher mRNA levels of p38, JNK and ATF2 as compared both with normal cartilage and KBD chondrocytes. In addition, p-ATF2 was only detected in KBD cartilage. Furthermore, JNK inhibitor was more effective than p38 inhibitor in preventing chondrocyte apoptosis at equal concentrations of 10 μM.CONCLUSION: These findings indicated the expression of p-ATF2 by JNK and p38 signal pathways involved in the chondrocyte apoptosis in cartilage with KBD.
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| 31. |
- He, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of structural landscape of human islet amyloid polypeptide
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 142:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) co-operates with insulin to maintain glycemic balance. It also constitutes the amyloid plaques that aggregate in the pancreas of type-II diabetic patients. We have performed extensive in silico investigations to analyse the structural landscape of monomeric hIAPP, which is presumed to be intrinsically disordered. For this, we construct from first principles a highly predictive energy function that describes a monomeric hIAPP observed in a nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, as a local energy minimum. We subject our theoretical model of hIAPP to repeated heating and cooling simulations, back and forth between a high temperature regime where the conformation resembles a random walker and a low temperature limit where no thermal motions prevail. We find that the final low temperature conformations display a high level of degeneracy, in a manner which is fully in line with the presumed intrinsically disordered character of hIAPP. In particular, we identify an isolated family of a-helical conformations that might cause the transition to amyloidosis, by nucleation.
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| 32. |
- Hou, Xuejiao, et al.
(författare)
-
Anthropogenic transformation of Yangtze Plain freshwater lakes: patterns, drivers and impacts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257. ; 248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past half century, the Yangtze Plain of China has experienced rapid economic development. Lake reclamation (i.e., conversion of natural lake/wetland areas to agricultural/urban land or aquaculture, thereby reducing the area of natural waters) in particular has greatly contributed to meeting the increasing demands for food and urban development. However, until now, a comprehensive quantification and understanding of historical anthropogenic lacustrine exploitation in this region has been lacking, prohibiting assessment of the impacts of these activities. We used Landsat observations from 1973 to 2018 to track reclamation-induced changes in 112 large lakes (97.8% of the total lake area) in the Yangtze Plain. We show that 41.6% (6056.9 km2) of the total lake area has been reclaimed since the 1970s. The expansion of agricultural and built-up lands dominated the reclamation activities in the 1970s, while the increase of aquaculture zones has prevailed since the mid-1980s. Reclamation activities were closely connected to government policies and major socio-economic events and had strong impacts on lake hydrology, flood risk mitigation capacity, and water quality as revealed by satellite and in situ observations. This new quantitative understanding of anthropogenic reclamation and its associated impacts on Yangtze Plain freshwater lakes can underpin the development of strategies to reduce the impacts of lake reclamation on environmental quality. The study has also demonstrated the unique strength of using long-term series satellite images in tracking historical environmental changes in a substantial region of the world, and the methods used here are potentially extendable to other inland and coastal areas to understand similar human-environment interaction problems.
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| 33. |
- Hu, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory mechanisms of HMGB1 and its receptors in polycystic ovary syndrome-driven gravid uterine inflammation. : Gravid uterine HMGB1 and TLR2/4 in PCOS
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The FEBS journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-4658 .- 1742-464X. ; 290:7, s. 1874-1906
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is critical for inflammatory homeostasis and successful pregnancy, and there is a strong association between elevated levels of HMGB1, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), chronic inflammation, and pregnancy loss. However, the mechanisms responsible for PCOS-driven regulation of uterine HMGB1 and its candidate receptors (toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4) and inflammatory responses during pregnancy remain unclear. In this study, we found a gestational stage-dependent decrease in uterine HMGB1 and TLR4 protein abundance in rats during normal pregnancy. We demonstrated that increased expression of HMGB1, TLR2, and TLR4 proteins was associated with activation of inflammation-related signaling pathways in the gravid uterus exposed to 5α-dihydrotestosterone and insulin, mimicking the clinical features (hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance) of PCOS, and this elevation was completely inhibited by treatment with the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist flutamide. Interestingly, acute exposure to lipopolysaccharide suppressed HMGB1, TLR4, and inflammation-related protein abundance but did not affect androgen levels or AR expression in the gravid uterus with viable fetuses. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, in addition to being localized predominately in the nuclear compartment, HMGB1 immunoreactivity was also detected in the cytoplasm in the PCOS-like rat uterus, PCOS endometrium, and pregnant rat uterus with hemorrhagic and resorbed fetuses, possibly via activation of nuclear factor κB signaling. These results suggest that both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms contribute to the modulation of HMGB1/TLR2/TLR4-mediated uterine inflammation. We propose that elevation of HMGB1 and its receptors and disruption of the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance in the gravid uterus may participate in the pathophysiology of PCOS-associated pregnancy loss.
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| 34. |
- Hu, Xia-lin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the impacts of some environmentally relevant factors on the availability of bisphenol A with negligible-depletion SPME
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1298 .- 0045-6535. ; 65:11, s. 1935-1941
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of some environmentally relevant factors including salinity, pH, and humic acids on the availability of bisphenol A (BPA) was evaluated by using the negligible-depletion solid-phase microextraction (nd-SPME) biomimetic method. With the variation of salinity (0-500 mM NaCl) and pH (5.0-8.5) of aqueous solutions, the partition coefficients of BPA between the nd-SPME fiber and the aqueous solution varied in the range of logD = 3.55-3.86, which indicates that the salinity and pH can influence the availability of BPA. By using Acros humic acid as model dissolved organic matter (DOM), it was also demonstrated that the environmental factors such as salinity and pH could affect the partitioning of BPA between DOM and aqueous solutions. The determined partition coefficients of BPA between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aqueous solutions were in the range of log D-DOC = 4.03-5.60 for Acros humic acid solutions with 1-50 mg l(-1) DOC. The influence of salinity and pH on log D-DOC was more significant at low concentration (0-5 mg l(-1)) of DOC. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Huang, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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A study on correlation of pedestrian head injuries with physical parameters using in-depth traffic accident data and mathematical models
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575. ; 119, s. 91-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present study is to predict brain injuries and injury severities from realworld traffic accidents via in-depth investigation of head impact responses, injuries and brain injury tolerances. Firstly, a total of 43 passenger car versus adult pedestrian accidents were selected from two databases of the In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accidents in Changsha of China (IVAC) and the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). In a previous study the 43 accidents were reconstructed by using the multi-body system (MBS) model (Peng et al., 2013a) for determining the initial conditions of the head-windscreen impact in each accident. Then, a study of the head injuries and injury mechanisms is carried out via 43 finite element (FE) modelings of a head strike to a windscreen, in which the boundary and loading conditions are defined according to results from accident reconstructions, including impact velocity, position and orientation of the head FE model. The brain dynamic responses were calculated for the physical parameters of the coup/countercoup pressure, von Mises and maximum shear stresses at the cerebrum, the callosum, the cerebellum and the brain stem. In addition, head injury criteria, including the cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM) (with tissue level strain threshold 0.20) and the dilatational damage measure (DDM), were developed in order to predict the diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and contusions, respectively. The correlations between calculated parameters and brain injuries were determined via comparing the simulation results with the observed injuries in accident data. The regression models were developed for predicting the injury risks in terms of the brain dynamic responses and the calculated CSDM and DDM values. The results indicate that the predicted values of 50% probability causing head injuries in the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ correspond to coup pressure 167 kPa, countercoup pressure −117 kPa, von Mises 16.3 kPa and shear stress 7.9 kPa respectively, and causing AIS 3+ head injuries were 227 kPa, −169 kPa, 24.2 kPa and 12.2 kPa respectively. The results also suggest that a 50% probability of contusions corresponds to CSDM value of 48% at strain levels of 0.2, and the 50% probability of contusions corresponds to a DDM value of 6.7%.
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| 36. |
- Huang, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a human head and neck muscle activation control model based on BPNN
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems. - 1875-8967 .- 1064-1246. ; 34:2, s. 1161-1167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the development of vehicle active safety technology and its combination with passive safety technologies, there is a need for an updated tool to assess the performance of vehicle safety systems in both the in-crash and pre-crash phases. Consequently, developing human body models with active muscles is critical to achieve improved bio-fidelity simulation results to evaluate the effects of safety systems. In the present study, an innovative human active muscle control model based on a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) controller was developed, and the active muscle response was modelled using a feedback control strategy with the BPNN algorithm implemented in a human head and neck Sim Mechanics model. The BPNN controller was used to dynamically control the muscle activation level, the most complicated and essential factor in active muscle force calculation based on the Hill equation. Then, the active muscle control model was evaluated by simulating the human response in volunteer sled tests. The results validated the proposed active muscle control method as successful and easily realized. Achieving muscle active control would further improve the bio-fidelity of the human body model.
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| 37. |
- Ivanov, Ilya, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Parallel Communication Models in Nekbone, a Nek5000 mini-application
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing. - : IEEE. ; , s. 760-767
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nekbone is a proxy application of Nek5000, a scalable Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code used for modelling incompressible flows. The Nekbone mini-application is used by several international co-design centers to explore new concepts in computer science and to evaluate their performance. We present the design and implementation of a new communication kernel in the Nekbone mini-application with the goal of studying the performance of different parallel communication models. First, a new MPI blocking communication kernel has been developed to solve Nekbone problems in a three-dimensional Cartesian mesh and process topology. The new MPI implementation delivers a 13% performance improvement compared to the original implementation. The new MPI communication kernel consists of approximately 500 lines of code against the original 7,000 lines of code, allowing experimentation with new approaches in Nekbone parallel communication. Second, the MPI blocking communication in the new kernel was changed to the MPI non-blocking communication. Third, we developed a new Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) communication kernel, based on the GPI-2 library. This approach reduces the synchronization among neighbor processes and is on average 3% faster than the new MPI-based, non-blocking, approach. In our tests on 8,192 processes, the GPI-2 communication kernel is 3% faster than the new MPI non-blocking communication kernel. In addition, we have used the OpenMP in all the versions of the new communication kernel. Finally, we highlight the future steps for using the new communication kernel in the parent application Nek5000.
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| 38. |
- Jing, Yumei, et al.
(författare)
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A Single-Electron Transistor Made of a 3D Topological Insulator Nanoplate
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 31:42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum confined devices of 3D topological insulators are proposed to be promising and of great importance for studies of confined topological states and for applications in low-energy-dissipative spintronics and quantum information processing. The absence of energy gap on the topological insulator surface limits the experimental realization of a quantum confined system in 3D topological insulators. Here, the successful realization of single-electron transistor devices in Bi2Te3 nanoplates using state-of-the-art nanofabrication techniques is reported. Each device consists of a confined central island, two narrow constrictions that connect the central island to the source and drain, and surrounding gates. Low-temperature transport measurements demonstrate that the two narrow constrictions function as tunneling junctions and the device shows well-defined Coulomb current oscillations and Coulomb-diamond-shaped charge-stability diagrams. This work provides a controllable and reproducible way to form quantum confined systems in 3D topological insulators, which should greatly stimulate research toward confined topological states, low-energy-dissipative devices, and quantum information processing.
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| 39. |
- Jing, Yumei, et al.
(författare)
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Weak antilocalization and electron-electron interaction in coupled multiple-channel transport in a Bi2Se3 thin film.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 8:4, s. 1879-1885
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electron transport properties of a topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin film are studied in Hall-bar geometry. The film with a thickness of 10 nm is grown by van der Waals epitaxy on fluorophlogopite mica and Hall-bar devices are fabricated from the as-grown film directly on the mica substrate. Weak antilocalization and electron-electron interaction effects are observed and analyzed at low temperatures. The phase-coherence length extracted from the measured weak antilocalization characteristics shows a strong power-law increase with decreasing temperature and the transport in the film is shown to occur via coupled multiple (topological surface and bulk states) channels. The conductivity of the film shows a logarithmical decrease with decreasing temperature and thus the electron-electron interaction plays a dominant role in quantum corrections to the conductivity of the film at low temperatures.
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| 40. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 41. |
- Kang, Dongwei, et al.
(författare)
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Structure-Activity Relationship Exploration of NNIBP Tolerant Region I Leads to Potent HIV-1 NNRTIs
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ACS - Infectious Diseases. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2373-8227. ; 6:8, s. 2225-2234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous efforts in our lab have led to the development of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine compound 1 (K-5a2) with promising activity against wild-type and mutant HIV-1 strains. In this work, a series of novel diarylpyrimidines derivatives carrying a structurally diverse motif at the right wing of the lead K-5a2 was designed and synthesized as potential anti-HIV-1 agents. The results demonstrated that 8a yielded exceptionally potent activity against HIV-1 wild-type (50% effective concentration (EC50) = 3.30 nM) and mutant strain RES056 (EC50 = 22.6 nM) in MT-4 cells; in the reverse transcriptase inhibitory assay, 8a (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.028 mu M) was remarkably superior to that of K-5a2 (IC30 = 0.300 mu M) and comparable to that of etravirine (ETR; IC50 = 0.011 EM). Notably, 8a exhibited better druggability than that of K-5a2, including significantly reduced CYP enzymatic inhibitory activity (IC50 > 50 mu M), lower human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition (IC50 > 30 mu M), and improved metabolic stability (short half-life, T-1/2 = 77.5 min) in vitro.
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| 42. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 43. |
- Larson, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of East Asian pig domestication, migration, and turnover revealed by modern and ancient DNA.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:17, s. 7686-7691
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The establishment of agricultural economies based upon domestic animals began independently in many parts of the world and led to both increases in human population size and the migration of people carrying domestic plants and animals. The precise circumstances of the earliest phases of these events remain mysterious given their antiquity and the fact that subsequent waves of migrants have often replaced the first. Through the use of more than 1,500 modern (including 151 previously uncharacterized specimens) and 18 ancient (representing six East Asian archeological sites) pig (Sus scrofa) DNA sequences sampled across East Asia, we provide evidence for the long-term genetic continuity between modern and ancient Chinese domestic pigs. Although the Chinese case for independent pig domestication is supported by both genetic and archaeological evidence, we discuss five additional (and possibly) independent domestications of indigenous wild boar populations: one in India, three in peninsular Southeast Asia, and one off the coast of Taiwan. Collectively, we refer to these instances as "cryptic domestication," given the current lack of corroborating archaeological evidence. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of numerous populations of genetically distinct and widespread wild boar populations that have not contributed maternal genetic material to modern domestic stocks. The overall findings provide the most complete picture yet of pig evolution and domestication in East Asia, and generate testable hypotheses regarding the development and spread of early farmers in the Far East.
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| 44. |
- LI, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in composition, cellulose degradability and biochemical methane potential of Miscanthus species during the growing season
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524. ; 235, s. 389-395
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition, cellulose degradability and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of M. sinensis, M. floridulus, Miscanthus × giganteus and M. lutarioriparius were investigated concomitantly at different growth/harvest times during their growing season. For all the four species, there was only a slight change in the compositional content. Meanwhile there was a huge change in the BMP values. At the growth time of 60 days the BMPs ranged from 247.1 to 266.5 ml g−1 VS. As growth time was prolonged, the BMPs decreased by 11–35%. For each species, the BMP was positively correlated to the cellulose degradability with the correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.8055 to 0.9925. This suggests that besides the biomass yield, it is justifiable to consider cellulose degradability when selecting the suitable harvest time for biofuels production from Miscanthus, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where Miscanthus can be harvested twice or more within a year.
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| 45. |
- Li, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Coating of Phosphide Catalysts on p-Silicon by a Necking Strategy for Improved Photoelectrochemical Characteristics in Alkaline Media
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:17, s. 20185-20193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methodology of coating electrocatalysts on semiconductor substrates is critical for the catalytic performance of photoelectrochemical electrodes. A weakly bound coating leads to orders of magnitude lower efficiency and reliability compared to those required to meet the commercial demand. Herein, a facile strategy based on the hydrolysis of TiCl4 is developed to solve the coating issue. Mesoporous tungsten phosphide (WP) particles were spin-coated and affixed onto TiO2-protected planar p-Si by the formation of a TiO2 necking layer between the catalyst particles and the substrates. Under 1 sun illumination, the as-prepared WP/TiO2/Si photocathode yields a saturated current density of -35 mA cm(-2) and a durability of over 110 h with a current density over -15 mA cm(-2) at 0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in a 1.0 M KOH solution, which is among the state-of-the-art performances of commercial planar Si-based photocathodes. The Kelvin probe force microscopy results suggest the successive transfer of photoelectrons from Si to TiO2 and WP. The as-formed TiO2 necking layer plays the key role in ensuring the surface catalytic activity and durability. This necking strategy is also applicable for coating other transition-metal phosphides, for example, MoP and FeP, thus offering a practical approach to meet the commercial requirement of low-cost, highly efficient, and durable photoelectrodes.
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| 46. |
- Li, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching algebraic equations with variation in Chinese classroom
- 2011
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Ingår i: Early Algebraization. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642177347 ; , s. 529-556
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter gives a detailed analysis of how teaching with variation is helpful for students’ learning of algebraic equations by using typical teaching episodes in grade seven in China. Also, it provides a demonstration showing how variation is used as an effective way of teaching through the discussion after the analysis.
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| 47. |
- Liu, Jing-fu, et al.
(författare)
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Equilibrium sampling of freely dissolved alkylphenols into a thin film of 1-octanol supported on a hollow fiber membrane
- 2006
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 78:24, s. 8526-8534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new negligible depletion extraction procedure was proposed for equilibrium sampling of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) into a thin film of 1-octanol supported on a hollow fiber membrane. This thin liquid film extraction technique was directed at the determination of ( 1) freely dissolved concentrations, ( 2) distribution coefficients to 1-octanol (D-ow), and ( 3) binding to dissolved organic matter (D-DOC). The sampling device was prepared by dipping pieces of polypropylene microporous hollow fiber membrane (10-mm length, 30-mu m wall thickness, 240-mu m inner diameter) into 1-octanol for a few seconds to impregnate the pores of the hollow fiber wall. After stirring in 100 mL of sample solution for 24 h, the sampling device was harvested and desorbed with 30 mu L of methanol, of which 20 mu L was injected for HPLC analysis. With the measured Dow of a chemical and its equilibrium concentration in the 1-octanol sampling phase (C-octanol), the freely dissolved concentration (C-free) was calibrated based on C-free = C-octanol/D-ow. Measured log D-ow values of OP (4.32 +/- 0.06) and NP (4.79 +/- 0.02) were independent of the chemical concentration, only minimally affected by the environmentally relevant pH, buffering capacity, and salinity of samples, and agreed well with reported values. Log D-DOC values of OP (4.89 +/- 0.43) and NP (5.14 +/- 0.37), determined in Aldrich humic acid solution, agreed with reported partition coefficients to organic carbon ( log K-oc) for particles in river water and effluent wastewater. Short equilibration times and high enrichment factors were obtained for both analytes due to the high surface to volume ratio of the new sampler. The technique was successfully applied to determine C-free of OP and NP in real water samples and to study their association with humic acids and bovine albumin.
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| 48. |
- Liu, Jing-fu, et al.
(författare)
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Ionic liquids/water distribution ratios of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5134 .- 0021-9568. ; 49:5, s. 1422-1424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using the shake-flask procedure, the distribution ratios (D) at infinite dilution and 298.1 K of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) between room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-alkyl-3-methylimiazolium hexafluorophosphates ([CnMIM] [PF6], n = 4 and 8), and water were determined. The log D values are in the range of 3.34-4.36, which increased very slowly with the molar mass of PAHs.
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| 49. |
- Liu, Xiao-yan, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-ageing and antioxidant effects of sulfate oligosaccharides from green algae Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha prolifera in SAMP8 mice
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : ELSEVIER. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 139, s. 342-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligosaccharides from green algae Ulva lactuca (ULO) and Enteromorpha prolifera (EPO) were used for investigation of anti-ageing effects and the underlying mechanism in SAMP8 mice. The structural properties of ULO and EPO were analyzed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and agarose gel electrophoresis. These oligosaccharides enhanced the glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and telomerase levels and total antioxidant capicity, and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end products. After ULO and EPO treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors, including IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, decreased; the BDNF and ChAT levels increased; and hippocampal neurons were protected. Downregulation of the p53 and FOXO1 genes and upregulation of the Sirt1 gene indicated that ULO and EPO have potential therapeutic effects in the prevention of ageing in SAMP8 mice. By 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the abundance of Desulfovibrio was discovered to be markedly different in mice treated with ULO and EPO. The abundances of Verrucomicrobiaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Planococcaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae were positively correlated with age-related indicators. These results demonstrated that oligosaccharides from U. lactuca and E. prolifera are ideal candidate compounds that can be used in functional foods and pharmaceuticals to prevent ageing.
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| 50. |
- Meng, Mengmeng, et al.
(författare)
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Strong spin-orbit interaction and magnetotransport in semiconductor Bi2O2Se nanoplates
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 10:6, s. 2704-2710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor Bi2O2Se nanolayers of high crystal quality have been realized via epitaxial growth. These two-dimensional (2D) materials possess excellent electron transport properties with potential application in nanoelectronics. It is also strongly expected that the 2D Bi2O2Se nanolayers can be an excellent material platform for developing spintronic and topological quantum devices if the presence of strong spin-orbit interaction in the 2D materials can be experimentally demonstrated. Herein, we report the experimental determination of the strength of spin-orbit interactions in Bi2O2Se nanoplates through magnetotransport measurements. The nanoplates are epitaxially grown by chemical vapor deposition, and the magnetotransport measurements are performed at low temperatures. The measured magnetoconductance exhibits a crossover behavior from weak antilocalization to weak localization at low magnetic fields with increasing temperature or decreasing back gate voltage. We have analyzed this transition behavior of magnetoconductance based on an interference theory, which describes quantum correction to the magnetoconductance of a 2D system in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. Dephasing length and spin relaxation length are extracted from the magnetoconductance measurements. Compared to the case of other semiconductor nanostructures, the extracted relatively short spin relaxation length of ∼150 nm indicates the existence of a strong spin-orbit interaction in Bi2O2Se nanolayers.
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