| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Jirström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The State and Green Revolutions in East Asia
- 2005
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Ingår i: The African Food Crisis: Lessons from the Asian Green Revolution. - UK : CABI Publishing. - 0851999980 ; , s. 25-42
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Eldh, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Från nybyggaranda till kreativ ordning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten i Lund - en vital 50-åring. En jubileumsskrift. - 9789176233597 ; , s. 249-269
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Abdelmenan, Semira, et al.
(författare)
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The Social Stratification of Availability, Affordability, and Consumption of Food in Families with Preschoolers in Addis Ababa : The EAT Addis Study in Ethiopia
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 12:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to understand the quality of diet being consumed among families in Addis Ababa, and to what extent social stratification and perceptions of availability and affordability affect healthy food consumption. Data were collected from 5467 households in a face-to-face interview with mothers/caretakers and analyzed using mixed effect logistic regression models. All family food groups, except fish were perceived to be available by more than 90% of the participants. The food groups cereals/nuts/seeds, other vegetables, and legumes were considered highly affordable (80%) and were the most consumed (>75%). Households with the least educated mothers and those in the lowest wealth quintile had the lowest perception of affordability and also consumption. Consumption of foods rich in micronutrients and animal sources were significantly higher among households with higher perceived affordability, the highest wealth quintile, and with mothers who had better education. Households in Addis Ababa were generally seen to have a monotonous diet, despite the high perceived availability of different food groups within the food environment. There is a considerable difference in consumption of nutrient-rich foods across social strata, hence the cities food policies need to account for social differences in order to improve the nutritional status of the community.
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| 5. |
- Akande, T., et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions and a Look Ahead.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The African Food Crisis: Lessons from the Asian Green Revolution. - 0851999980 ; , s. 253-260
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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Drills and Diets, Consumption and Conservation– the Role of Primate Meat in Local Diets in and Around Cross River National Park, Nigeria
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International Development. - 2233-6192. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study uses household level data from four villages inand around Cross River National Park (CRNP), Nigeria to assess therole of primate meat in local livelihoods and diets. Okwangwo is anenclave community within the national park, Butatong houses theCRNP headquarters. Kanyang1 and Abo Ebam are located fartheraway from the park. 149 respondents were surveyed. Sale ofbushmeat contributed 4 percent of total cash income on average, butis important as a source of protein in the context of poorly developedlivestock systems. 98 percent of the households ate bushmeat duringthe past year and 74 percent hunted for consumption. 77 percent atemeat from primates, although this varied from 53 percent in Butatongto 97 percent in Okwangwo. Differences emerge among the villageswith less reliance on bushmeat, less hunting and a dietary shifttowards poultry in Butatong. There is no correlation between incomelevels and consumption of primate meat. The overwhelming motivefor eating primate meat was taste preferences. Solutions tounsustainable extraction of primate meat must be sourced in relationto local consumption. Improving access to animal source foods,through widening the livestock basis of local agrarian
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bergman-Lodin, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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New Seeds and Women's Welfare - The Case of NERICA Upland Rice and Labor Dynamics in Hoima District, Uganda
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- African women farmers do not always benefit from and are sometimes adversely affected by the introduction of new technologies, including high-yielding varieties and their often-associated improved management systems. This paper seeks to further this claim in the wake of what has been referred to as "the NERICA Revolution" in Uganda, by providing an illustration of the impact the introduction of NERICA upland rice has had on the gendered labor dynamics in smallholder households in Hoima District. The concrete effects on women farmers are particularly considered. To date, "the success" of the dissemination of NERICA has mainly been measured econometrically in terms of production growth or household income gain. This type of analysis allows for capturing shifts in physiological deprivations on household level. But it omits the dimension of social deprivation that, on the individual level, considers the prevalence or absence of empowering elements such as time, influence on decisionmaking, access to information and education, etc. Having researched women’s experiences of the introduction of NERICA both qualitatively and quantitatively, we conclude that while households that have adopted NERICA have, as units, become better off in economic terms (their physiological deprivation reduced), the extreme labor burden NERICA induces on women exacerbates their social deprivations, particularly in terms of time poverty and drudgery. This has policy implications. If NERICA is going to become a sustainable powerful poverty fighter in Uganda, as many hope, it is imperative that this aspect is addressed so as to avoid farmers opting out of the production over time.
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| 15. |
- Berhane, Hanna Y, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed blessings: : A qualitative exploration of mothers' experience of child care and feeding in the rapidly urbanizing city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have drawn attention to the vital role mothers have in safeguarding the health and nutritional wellbeing of their children. However, little is known about mothers' experiences and the challenges they face in fulfilling this role in rapidly urbanizing cities in Africa. This study aims to explore child care and feeding practices of mothers with children under five years of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. A total of thirty-six interviews were conducted with purposively selected participants. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated for analysis. We used a thematic analysis approach, which was guided by a resilience framework. The findings are presented as three major themes. 1) 'Mixed blessings-balancing motherhood's expectations'. While mothers identified positively with the social recognition and sense of fulfillment of being a 'good mother', they were ambivalent/torn about earning the necessary income from outside work and fulfilling their duties at home. 2) 'Instabilities due to rampant urban sprawl'. While women expressed a keen desire to balance work and motherhood, the disintegrating social capital, due to large in-migration, market fluctuations and abrupt/forced resettlements to new housing units had left mothers without support for childcare, stressed and exhausted. 3) 'Anchored by faith: a source of resilience to cope with adversities'. In the face of the multiple adversities, mothers cited their strong faith as their most reliable foundation for their resilience. In summary, the societal and environmental changes accompanying the rapid urbanization in low income settings makes combining child care and working outside the home very challenging for mothers. As a result they suffer from fatigue and feelings of isolation. Efforts to improve child feeding and care in urban low-income settings need to consider context appropriate strategies that support mothers with small children.
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| 16. |
- Berhane, Hanna Y., et al.
(författare)
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Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers : A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importance to diet and to different forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess diet diversity and malnutrition in preschoolers and evaluate the relative importance of socioeconomic resources. Households with children under five (5467) were enrolled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Standardized tools and procedures were used to collect data on diet, anthropometry and socio-economic factors. Multivariable analysis with cluster adjustment was performed. The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5-20.6), wasting 3.2% (2.8-3.7), and overweight/obesity 11.4% (10.6-12.2). Stunting, overweight, wasting and limited diet diversity was present in all social strata. Low maternal education was associated with an increased risk of stunting (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.8; 1.4-2.2), limited diet diversity (AOR: 0.33; 0.26-0.42) and reduced odds of being overweight (AOR: 0.61; 0.44-0.84). Preschoolers in Addis Ababa have limited quality diets and suffer from both under- and over-nutrition. Maternal education was an important explanatory factor for stunting and being overweight. Interventions that promote diet quality for the undernourished whilst also addressing the burgeoning problem of being overweight are needed.
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| 17. |
- Berhane, Hanna Yemane, 1989-
(författare)
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Social Stratification of Children's Diet and Nutrition: Understanding Women's Situation in Addis Ababa
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Childhood undernutrition is the cause of nearly half of all deaths in under-five children. In sub-Saharan African countries, this problem is further complicated by the rising prevalence of overweight. Mothers play a key role in child care and nutrition, however, in cities that are undergoing rapid social and economic changes, little is known about their lived experiences and challenges. Moreover, little is known about the influence of the neighbourhood food environment and family socio-economic conditions of food acquisition and intake in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the study aims to understand the nexus between mothers’ child care and feeding experiences, neighbourhood food environment, diet diversity, and family socioeconomic status. Methods: A mixed qualitative and quantitative study design was used. The qualitative component involved thirty-six in-depth interviews with mothers who had children under the age of five years. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse verbatim transcripts. For the quantitative component, two rounds of cross-sectional household surveys were conducted. The sample was drawn from all districts of Addis Ababa; a total of 5467 households with mother-child pairs. Data were analysed using a generalised estimating equation (GEE) and mixed-effect logistic regression model. Results: Urban mothers are under pressure to ensure their child gets adequate care and food; the changes in their environment owing to the reconstruction of city and migration further limit their ability to do so. Mothers expressed that their decision of what to feed their children is influenced by children’s preferences, perceived safety of the food, familiarity with the food, and affordability.Children receiving the recommended minimum diet diversity totaled 59.9% (58.5–61.3). Having an adequately diverse diet was associated with having an educated mother, and being from the wealthier and more food-secure households. Animal source and vitamin-A-rich food groups are the least affordable and consumed food groups in the study settings. Families with uneducated mothers, in the lowest wealth group and those who perceived food groups to be unaffordable, consumed a less diverse diet.The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5–20.6) and that of over-weight/obesity was 11.4% (10.6–12.2). Maternal education level was associated with both forms of malnutrition; children with uneducated mothers were more likely to be stunted (AOR: 1.8; 1.4–2.2) and less likely to be overweight/obese (AOR: 0.61; 0.44–0.84), while being from the highest wealth household and from a severely food insecure household were associated with a higher likelihood of obesity and stunting, respectively. Conclusion: Child nutritional outcomes and diet quality vary by the socioeconomic status of the family; particularly that of mothers. Therefore, efforts to improve diet and nutritional outcomes of children need to consider mechanisms to strongly support mothers.
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| 18. |
- Berhane, Hanna Y, et al.
(författare)
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What Influences Urban Mothers' Decisions on What to Feed Their Children Aged Under Five-The Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mothers carry the prime responsibility for childcare and feeding in low-income countries. Understanding their experiences in providing food for their children is paramount to informing efforts to improve the nutritional status of children. Such information is lacking in Sub-Saharan Africa. To understand what influences urban mothers' food acquisition and their motivations for selecting food for their children, 36 in-depth interviews were carried out with mothers having children under five years of age. Interviews were conducted in the local language, audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis which led to the identification of four major themes: mothers give-in to a child-driven diet; quick-fix versus the privilege of planning; keen awareness on food safety, nutrition, and diet diversity; and social, familial, and cultural influences. The findings indicate that child feeding practices are influenced by interlinked social and environmental factors. Hence, nutrition education campaigns should focus on targeting not only families but also their children. Attention should also be given to food safety regulations, as well as to the much-needed support of mothers who are struggling to ensure their children's survival in low-income countries.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Brändstedt, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of anthropometric factors with KRAS and BRAF mutation status of primary colorectal cancer in men and women : a cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. 98964-98964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and accumulating evidence suggests a differential influence of sex and anthropometric factors on the molecular carcinogenesis of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between height, weight, bodyfat percentage, waist- and hip circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI) and CRC risk according to KRAS and BRAF mutation status of the tumours, with particular reference to potential sex differences. KRAS and BRAF mutations were analysed by pyrosequencing in tumours from 494 incident CRC cases in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Hazard ratios of CRC risk according to anthropometric factors and mutation status were calculated using multivariate Cox regression models. While all anthropometric measures except height were associated with an increased risk of KRAS-mutated tumours, only BMI was associated with an increased risk of KRAS wild type tumours overall. High weight, hip, waist, WHR and BMI were associated with an increased risk of BRAF wild type tumours, but none of the anthropometric factors were associated with risk of BRAF-mutated CRC, neither in the overall nor in the sex-stratified analysis. In men, several anthropometric measures were associated with both KRAS-mutated and KRAS wild type tumours. In women, only a high WHR was significantly associated with an increased risk of KRAS-mutated CRC. A significant interaction was found between sex and BMI with respect to risk of KRAS-mutated tumours. In men, all anthropometric factors except height were associated with an increased risk of BRAF wild type tumours, whereas in women, only bodyfat percentage was associated with an increased risk of BRAF wild type tumours. The results from this prospective cohort study further support an influence of sex and lifestyle factors on different pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis, defined by KRAS and BRAF mutation status of the tumours.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Corvigno, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-parametric profiling of renal cell, colorectal, and ovarian cancer identifies tumour-type-specific stroma phenotypes and a novel vascular biomarker
- 2017
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Ingår i: The journal of pathology. Clinical research. - : WILEY. - 2056-4538. ; 3:3, s. 214-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel set of integrated procedures for quantification of fibroblast-rich stroma and vascular characteristics has recently been presented allowing discovery of novel perivascular and stromal biomarkers in colorectal, renal cell, and ovarian cancer. In the present study, data obtained through these procedures from clinically well-annotated collections of these three tumour types have been used to address two novel questions. First, data have been used to investigate if the three tumour types demonstrate significant differences regarding features such as vessel diameter, vessel density, and perivascular marker expression. Second, analyses of the cohorts have been used to explore the prognostic significance of a novel vascular metric, 'vessel distance inter-quartile range (IQR)' that describes intra-case heterogeneity regarding vessel distribution. The comparisons between the three tumour types demonstrated a set of significant differences. Vessel density of renal cell cancer was statistically significantly higher than in colorectal and ovarian cancer. Vessel diameter was statistically significantly higher in ovarian cancer. Concerning perivascular status, colorectal cancer displayed significantly higher levels of perivascular PDGFR-beta expression than the other two tumour types. Intra-case heterogeneity of perivascular PDGFR-beta expression was also higher in colorectal cancer. Notably, these fibroblast-dominated stroma phenotypes matched previously described experimental tumour stroma characteristics, which have been linked to differential sensitivity to anti-VEGF drugs. High 'vessel distance IQR' was significantly associated with poor survival in both renal cell cancer and colorectal cancer. In renal cell cancer, this characteristic also acted as an independent prognostic marker according to multivariate analyses including standard clinico-pathological characteristics. Explorative subset analyses indicated particularly strong prognostic significance of 'vessel distance IQR' in T stage 4 of this cancer type. Together, these analyses identified tumour-type-specific vascular-stroma phenotypes of possible functional significance, and suggest 'vessel distance IQR' as a novel prognostic biomarker.
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| 23. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing Food Crisis in Africa.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ökonomisk utvikling, landbruk och bistand. ; , s. 39-44
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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African farm dynamics and the sub-continental food crisis – the case of maize
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section C. Food Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-7541 .- 1651-288X. ; 5:2, s. 75-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a longitudinal study of smallholder farm dynamics in eight African countries, drawing on a sample of more than 3000 farm households. It deals with influences on smallholder maize production at three different levels: micro, meso and macro. Although the study points to inadequately exploited production potentials and a production system based primarily on self-provisioning the drivers behind dynamism in this context are clear. Dynamic production patterns are closely associated with smallholder access to modern crop technologies in combination with commercial incentives as expressed both at the meso and macro levels.
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| 26. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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African Food Crisis - The Relevance of Asean Experiences.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The African Food Crisis - Lessons from the Asean Green revolution.. - Wallingford : CABI Publishing. - 0851999980 - 9780851999982 ; , s. -265
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why can Asia now feed its rapidly growing population, but Africa continues to experience famine? This book is the outcome of a three-year project coordinated by a group of Swedish researchers with collaborating scholars from Africa and Asia. It provides a comparative study between Asian agricultural development during the Green Revolution in food production and the current problematic agricultural situation in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on case studies of eight African and eight Asian countries (focusing on the early part of the Green Revolution), this book presents a causal and explanatory model of Asian green revolutions. It discusses why such progress has been made in Asia, but has not yet occurred in Africa. It also examines the implications of the case studies for future development in Africa.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Afrikas vernachlässigte Bauern.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit. ; Nr 3, März, s. 130-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Afrint database
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Asian Models of Agricultural Development and their Relevance to Afrika
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This working paper discusses the different Asian experiences of the Green Revolution from the late 1960s to the 1980s in the perspective of earlier developments of agricultural intensification. The intention of the paper is to identify common features and conditions contributing to the considerable success of Asian agriculture over the past 30 years. The authors argue that the Green Revolution must be understood as a broad social and political process, rather than as one driven by the new plant technologies introduced in the 1960s alone. The different regional “models” of the Asian Green Revolution – Japan and East Asia, South-East Asia and South Asia – are outlined. The authors argue that despite considerable regional variation in historic and other factors, Asian Green Revolutions had a common base: they were all “state driven, market mediated and farmer based”. Other common features of the Asian Green Revolutions are geo-political contexts that differ markedly from those in contemporary Africa, which may constitute important obstacles to a similar development of African agriculture.
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| 32. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Dubbelmoral om Afrika
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Using panel survey and remote sensing data to explain yield gaps for maize in sub-Saharan Africa
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Land Use Science. - 1747-423X. ; 13:3, s. 344-357
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to combine remote sensing data with geo-coded household survey data in order to measure the impact of different socio-economic and biophysical factors on maize yields. We use multilevel linear regression to model village mean maize yield per year as a function of NDVI, commercialization, pluriactivity and distance to market. We draw on seven years of panel data on African smallholders, drawn from three rounds of data collection over a twelve-year period and 56 villages in six countries combined with a time-series analysis of NDVI data from the MODIS sensor. We show that, although there is much noise in yield forecasts as made with our methodology, socio-economic drivers substantially impact on yields, more, it seems, than do biophysical drivers. To reach more powerful explanations researchers need to incorporate socio-economic parameters in their models.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Dzanku, Fred, et al.
(författare)
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Yield Gap-Based Poverty Gaps in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2015
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 67, s. 336-362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given Africa's challenge of feeding a growing population, narrowing yield gaps is an efficient way of raising production under covariate constraints. Using household panel data from 21 regions in eight sub-Saharan African countries, this article unravels the determinants of yield gaps. It also tests the hypothesis that poverty gaps are increasing with yield gaps. The results suggest that yield gaps are increasing with cultivated area; that yield differences are reducing with fertilizer use, particularly when combined with improved seeds in low production potential regions; that poverty gaps are increasing with yield gaps, particularly in low production potential regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Flygare, Sara, 1976-
(författare)
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The Cooperative Challenge : Farmer Cooperation and the Politics of Agricultural Modernisation in 21st Century Uganda
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this dissertation is to study whether the official rhetoric on the role that cooperatives could play in the quest for agricultural modernisation in Uganda have any resemblance with how farmers view the benefits and problem with cooperation. This question was motivated by the political initiative in the early 21st century to revive the cooperative movement in Uganda, a movement burdened with a history of political intervention and difficulties to adapt to a de-regulated agricultural market system. In the thesis, the move to revive the cooperative movement is linked to another more encompassing political initiative, that of the modernisation and commercialisation of small-scale agriculture. The book consists of two empirical studies, where interviews and text analysis have been important research methods. By first analysing the rhetoric emanating from political institutions and donor agencies, the conclusion is drawn that cooperatives are seen primarily as an institutional device which, it is hoped, will fill spaces that have been abandoned by the state and not filled with private sector initiatives.A focused case study of a dairy cooperative and a number of its members in Uganda shows that farmers’ expectations of the cooperative to some extent converge with those revealed in the first study: for example they expected the cooperative to provide a stable outlet for their production of milk. The interviews and quantitative analysis indicate that farmers’ preferences for both fast cash and a stable income can create incentives for members to free-ride on the collective efforts of their fellow members. This can be cumbersome in a competitive marketing situation where other buyers compete with the cooperative for the members’ produce. The cooperative can find it difficult to secure a necessary level of member commitment if members do not share a common code of conduct.
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| 40. |
- Ghanipour, Lana, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of defect mismatch repair genes with prognosis and heredity in sporadic colorectal cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 43:2, s. 311-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Microsatellite instability arises due to defect mismatch repair (MMR) and occurs in 10–20% of sporadic colorectal cancer. The purpose was to investigate correlations between defect MMR, prognosis and heredity for colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives. Material and methods Tumour tissues from 318 patients consecutively operated for colorectal cancer were analysed for immunohistochemical expression of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 on tissue microarrays. Information on KRAS and BRAF mutation status was available for selected cases. Results Forty-seven (15%) tumours displayed MSI. No correlation was seen between patients exhibiting MSI in the tumour and heredity (p = 0.789). Patients with proximal colon cancer and MSI had an improved cancer-specific survival (p = 0.006) and prolonged time to recurrence (p = 0.037). In a multivariate analysis including MSI status, gender, CEA, vascular and neural invasion, patients with MSS and proximal colon cancer had an impaired cancer-specific survival compared with patients with MSI (HR, 4.32; CI, 1.46–12.78). The same prognostic information was also seen in distal colon cancer; no recurrences seen in the eight patients with stages II and III distal colon cancer and MSI, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion No correlation between MSI and heredity for colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives was seen. Patients with MSI tumours had improved survival.
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| 41. |
- Haggblade, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Cassava Commercialization in Southeastern Africa
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies. - : Emerald. - 2044-0839 .- 2044-0847. ; 2:1, s. 4-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Cassava production surged noticeably in Southeastern Africa beginning in the 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to examine the commercial responses and food security consequences of cassava production growth in the region. Design/methodology/approach – The paper incorporates a mix of quantitative analysis, based primarily on original analysis of national farm household survey data, together with key informant interviews with value chain participants in the three neighboring countries of Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. Findings – In the cassava production zones, cassava's high productivity translates into per kilogram carbohydrate costs 60 per cent to 70 per cent of the cost of cereals such as maize and wheat, thereby opening up a range of profitable opportunities for commercialization of cassava-based foods, feeds and industrial products. Despite this potential, cassava commercialization in Southeastern Africa remains in its formative stages, with only 10 per cent to 30 per cent of production currently marketed. Unlike West Africa, where cassava commercialization has centered on marketing prepared cassava-based convenience foods, the emerging cassava markets in Southeastern Africa have centered on fresh cassava, low value-added cassava flour, and experiments in industrial processing of cassava-based starches, biofuels and feeds. Strategic investment in a set of key public goods (breeding, training in food sciences and food safety, and research on in-ground cassava storage) can help to shape this transition in ways that benefit both commercial interests and the food security of vulnerable households. Originality/value – The paper compares cassava commercialization across differing agro-climatic zones, policy environments and food staple zones.
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| 42. |
- Hall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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A decade of maize yield gap studies in sub-Saharan Africa : how are farm-level factors considered?
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. - : Routledge. - 1473-5903 .- 1747-762X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of yield gaps has become more complex, prompting the use of varied approaches to measure yields and a wider range of factors to explain these gaps. In the Global North, the focus is on precision farming, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a broader perspective is necessary due to pronounced variability in farmland conditions. While biogeophysical and management factors have been traditional focal points in yield gap analyses, socio-economic and institutional factors are increasingly recognized as significant, especially in SSA. This review synthesizes research from the past decade in SSA that integrates biogeophysical, management, farm characteristics, and institutional factors in yield gap discussions. The findings indicate a slow shift in including socio-economic factors, with management, particularly nutrient supply and crop management, remaining predominant. However, there is a growing trend towards methodological diversity, such as the adoption of remote sensing and GIS in recent years. Case studies from Kenya and Ghana, utilizing field surveys, interviews, panel data, and spatial analysis, highlight how a multifaceted approach can enhance our understanding of the various elements influencing maize yield gaps in SSA.
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| 43. |
- Hall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Maize in Complex Smallholder Farming Systems Using UAV Imagery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Drones. - : MDPI AG. - 2504-446X. ; 2:3, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yield estimates and yield gap analysis are important for identifying poor agricultural productivity. Remote sensing holds great promise for measuring yield and thus determining yield gaps. Farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are commonly characterized by small field size, intercropping, different crop species with similar phenologies, and sometimes high cloud frequency during the growing season, all of which pose real challenges to remote sensing. Here, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system based on a quadcopter equipped with two consumer-grade cameras was used for the delineation and classification of maize plants on smallholder farms in Ghana. Object-oriented image classification methods were applied to the imagery, combined with measures of image texture and intensity, hue, and saturation (IHS), in order to achieve delineation. It was found that the inclusion of a near-infrared (NIR) channel and red–green–blue (RGB) spectra, in combination with texture or IHS, increased the classification accuracy for both single and mosaic images to above 94%. Thus, the system proved suitable for delineating and classifying maize using RGB and NIR imagery and calculating the vegetation fraction, an important parameter in producing yield estimates for heterogeneous smallholder farming systems.
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| 44. |
- Hatti, Neelambar, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperatives as Instruments of Rural development
- 1994
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Ingår i: Ground Level Development : NGOs, Co-operatives and Local Organizations in the Third World - NGOs, Co-operatives and Local Organizations in the Third World. - 1400-1144. - 9179662951 ; :56, s. 63-82
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
- Holmén, Hans, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing Food Crisis in Africa. : what can sub-Saharan Africa learn from Asian experiences in addressing its food crisis?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ökonomisk utvikling, landbrug og bistand.. - Oslo : Norges Bondelag og Norsk Landbrukssamvirke. ; , s. 39-44
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What can sub-Saharan Africa learn from Asian experiences in addressing its food crisis? / Historical and comparative study of agricultural development in seven Asian countries. Comparison of African case studies in eight countries in SSA: macro studies based on secondary data and interviews with key persons and, to complement this, village surveys and questionnaires involving more than 3000 smallholders. The performance of African smallholders is held back by a number of economic, political and institutional factors at regional, national and international levels. Positive tone: it is indeed possible to reverse the downhill slide with regard to the food situation in SSA by means of policy measures on the parts of African governments and by the international community.
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| 46. |
- Holmén, Hans, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Africa's Food Crisis -- Does Asia's green revolution offer any lessons?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Trade and Development -- Towards a greater coherence.. - Stockholm : KSLA. ; , s. 73-86
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overwhelming majority of people living in poverty are small-scale farmers and agricultural workers. To reach the UN Millennium Development Goals of halving world poverty by 2015, agricultural development and enhanced productivity must play a key role.Taking Sweden’s ”Policy for Global Development” as the point of departure, the purpose of this book is to highlight linkages and conflicts of interest between the developed and developing countries in agriculture, trade and environmental management, as well as the potential for enhanced coherence.
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| 47. |
- Holmén, Hans, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Afrikas gröna revolution kom av sig.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Forskning & framsteg. ; Nr 3, April, s. 52-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Holmén, Hans, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Dubbelmoral om Afrika
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sydsvenska Dagbladet. - Malmö : Sydsvenska dagbladets AB. - 1104-0068. ; 6/6, s. A5-A5
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
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| 50. |
- Holmén, Hans, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Look Who's Talking! Second thoughts about NGOs as representing Civil Society
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Asian and African Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0021-9096 .- 1745-2538. ; 44:4, s. 429-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are major players in development aid today. It is widely believed they represent civil society and that, for example, the UN and the World Bank would be strengtened if NGOs were given a larger influence over policy formulation and development. As one can hardly speak of an NGO community, the issue of representation is far from easily solved. NGOs often compete for visibility, clients and influence, and representation leaves a lot to be desired. Hence, governments' and intergovernmental institutions' reluctance to accept immediately NGOs as partners, may be necessary for NGOs to become representative and, paradoxically, for strengthening civil society as well.
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