| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Johannesson, Kerstin, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Oceanographic barriers to gene flow promote genetic subdivision of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis in a North Sea archipelago
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 165:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pelagic larval development has the potential to connect populations over large geographic distances and prevent genetic structuring. The solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis has pelagic eggs and a swimming larval stage lasting for maximum a few days, with the potential for a homogenizing gene flow over relatively large areas. In the eastern North Sea, it is found in a geomorphologically complex archipelago with a mix of fjords and open costal habitats. Here, the coastal waters are also stratified with a marked pycnocline driven by salinity and temperature differences between shallow and deep waters. We investigated the genetic structure of C. intestinalis in this area and compared it with oceanographic barriers to dispersal that would potentially reduce connectivity among local populations. Genetic data from 240 individuals, sampled in 2 shallow, and 4 deep-water sites, showed varying degrees of differentiation among samples (F (ST) = 0.0-0.11). We found no evidence for genetic isolation by distance, but two distant deep-water sites from the open coast were genetically very similar indicating a potential for long-distance gene flow. However, samples from different depths from the same areas were clearly differentiated, and fjord samples were different from open-coast sites. A biophysical model estimating multi-generation, stepping-stone larval connectivity, and empirical data on fjord water mass retention time showed the presence of oceanographic barriers that explained the genetic structure observed. We conclude that the local pattern of oceanographic connectivity will impact on the genetic structure of C. intestinalis in this region.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-contamination risks in sediment-based resurrection studies of phytoplankton
- 2022
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : Wiley. - 2378-2242. ; 8:2, s. 376-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resurrection studies can answer some fundamental questions in aquatic ecology and evolutionary biology. For phytoplankton resting stages, longevity of thousands to millions of years has recently been reported. However, contamination during sediment sampling could distort these estimates, and this risk has not been systematically evaluated. Here we used 4.5 mu m diameter microspheres to quantify contamination while reviving the resting stages of seven abundant estuarine diatom and cyanobacterial taxa. We observed a sharp decline in resting stages abundance from 10(6) (g wet sediment)(-1) at the surface to < 0.8 (g wet sediment)(-1) at 12.5 cm depth. Added microspheres (similar to 4.5 x 10(7) cm(-2)) were translocated even deeper down the sediment and could well explain the vertical distributions and abundances of revived cells. Without this control, we could have claimed to have revived seven multi-decades to centennial-old taxa. Our findings suggest that improved contamination controls are needed for sediment core sampling of rare cells, microfossils, or DNA molecules.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Strain-specific metabarcoding reveals rapid evolution of copper tolerance in populations of the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoplankton have short generation times, flexible reproduction strategies, large population sizes and high standing genetic diversity, traits that should facilitate rapid evolution under directional selection. We quantified local adaptation of copper tolerance in a population of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from a mining-exposed inlet in the Baltic Sea and in a non-exposed population 100 km away. We hypothesized that mining pollution has driven evolution of elevated copper tolerance in the impacted population of S. marinoi. Assays of 58 strains originating from sediment resting stages revealed no difference in the average tolerance to copper between the two populations. However, variation within populations was greater at the mining site, with three strains displaying hyper-tolerant phenotypes. In an artificial evolution experiment, we used a novel intraspecific metabarcoding locus to track selection and quantify fitness of all 58 strains during co-cultivation in one control and one toxic copper treatment. As expected, the hyper-tolerant strains enabled rapid evolution of copper tolerance in the mining-exposed population through selection on available strain diversity. Within 42 days, in each experimental replicate a single strain dominated (30%–99% abundance) but different strains dominated the different treatments. The reference population developed tolerance beyond expectations primarily due to slowly developing plastic response in one strain, suggesting that different modes of copper tolerance are present in the two populations. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence that standing genetic diversity of phytoplankton resting stage allows populations to evolve rapidly (20–50 generations) and flexibly on timescales relevant for seasonal bloom progressions.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological adaptation in cod and herring and possible consequences of future climate change in the Baltic Sea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Atlantic herring and Atlantic cod are two marine fish species that have successfully adapted to the brackish Baltic Sea, and the former is able to spawn in near-freshwater conditions in the inner Gulf of Bothnia. Here, we review the state of current knowledge concerning ecological adaptation in the two species and make an attempt to predict how they will be able to cope with future climate change. Previous whole genome sequencing studies in Atlantic herring have revealed hundreds of genetic loci underlying ecological adaptation, including several loci that show very strong associations to variation in salinity and temperature. These results suggest the existence of standing genetic variation available for adaptation to a changing environment. However, although Atlantic herring probably has the genetic potential to adapt, its future status also depends on how climate change will affect plankton production and competing species, such as sprat and three-spined stickleback. In cod, the situation is challenging, as there is only one true Baltic population, spawning east of Bornholm and then dispersing towards the east and north. This Baltic cod population is threatened by overfishing, low oxygen levels in benthic waters and generally bad physiological condition of individual fish, in addition to being completely isolated from gene flow from nearby cod populations at the entrance of the Baltic Sea.
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| 7. |
- Ardehed, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Complex spatial clonal structure in the macroalgae Fucus radicans with both sexual and asexual recruitment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 5:19, s. 4233-4245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In dioecious species with both sexual and asexual reproduction, the spatial distribution of individual clones affects the potential for sexual reproduction and local adaptation. The seaweed Fucus radicans, endemic to the Baltic Sea, has separate sexes, but new attached thalli may also form asexually. We mapped the spatial distribution of clones (multilocus genotypes, MLGs) over macrogeographic (>500km) and microgeographic (<100m) scales in the Baltic Sea to assess the relationship between clonal spatial structure, sexual recruitment, and the potential for natural selection. Sexual recruitment was predominant in some areas, while in others asexual recruitment dominated. Where clones of both sexes were locally intermingled, sexual recruitment was nevertheless low. In some highly clonal populations, the sex ratio was strongly skewed due to dominance of one or a few clones of the same sex. The two largest clones (one female and one male) were distributed over 100-550km of coast and accompanied by small and local MLGs formed by somatic mutations and differing by 1-2 mutations from the large clones. Rare sexual events, occasional long-distance migration, and somatic mutations contribute new genotypic variation potentially available to natural selection. However, dominance of a few very large (and presumably old) clones over extensive spatial and temporal scales suggested that either these have superior traits or natural selection has only been marginally involved in the structuring of genotypes.
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| 8. |
- Ardehed, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Divergence within and among Seaweed Siblings (Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans) in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Closely related taxa provide significant case studies for understanding evolution of new species but may simultaneously challenge species identification and definition. In the Baltic Sea, two dominant and perennial brown algae share a very recent ancestry. Fucus vesiculosus invaded this recently formed postglacial sea 8000 years ago and shortly thereafter Fucus radicans diverged from this lineage as an endemic species. In the Baltic Sea both species reproduce sexually but also recruit fully fertile new individuals by asexual fragmentation. Earlier studies have shown local differences in morphology and genetics between the two taxa in the northern and western Bothnian Sea, and around the island of Saaremaa in Estonia, but geographic patterns seemin conflict with a single origin of F. radicans. To investigate the relationship between northern and Estonian distributions, we analysed the genetic variation using 9 microsatellite loci in populations from eastern Bothnian Sea, Archipelago Sea and the Gulf of Finland. These populations are located in between earlier studied populations. However, instead of bridging the disparate genetic gap between N-W Bothnian Sea and Estonia, as expected from a simple isolation-by-distance model, the new populations substantially increased overall genetic diversity and showed to be strongly divergent from the two earlier analysed regions, showing signs of additional distinct populations. Contrasting earlier findings of increased asexual recruitment in low salinity in the Bothnian Sea, we found high levels of sexual reproduction in some of the Gulf of Finland populations that inhabit extremely low salinity. The new data generated in this study supports the earlier conclusion of two reproductively isolated but very closely related species. However, the new results also add considerable genetic and morphological complexity within species. This makes species separation at geographic scales more demanding and suggests a need for more comprehensive approaches to further disentangle the intriguing relationship and history of the Baltic Sea fucoids.
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| 9. |
- Arnberg, Filip, Docent i klinisk psykologi, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Pilot-testing of the Swedish Version of the PTSD Coach
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, four out of five people have smartphones, indicating the potential to increase the reach of low- intensity support after trauma via smartphone-apps to aid recovery. While there are many apps in the mental health field available to the general public, their effects are rarely evaluated. The PTSD Coach smartphone-app was developed by the VA ́s National Center for PTSD—Dissemination and Training Division. A Swedish version was developed by using existing code while making adjustment to the content for a Swedish context with a view for use by both civilians and veterans. A pilot study is underway and the findings will be used to inform a larger efficacy study. To date, 31 participants have been recruited to the pilot study, in which they use the Swedish version of the PTSD Coach for four weeks. Pre- and post- assessments include a structured clinical interview (MINI), PCL-5, PHQ-9 and the Swedish version of the PTSD Coach Survey. The participants’ experiences with using the app are explored in focus groups. During this presentation, the adaptation for the Swedish PTSD Coach will be outlined and experiences from the development and pilot study of the Swedish version will be described.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Is Social Support Equally Important for Both Directly and Indirectly Affected Disaster Victims?
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ; , s. 72-72
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been much research on social support and its association with both general mental and physical health, and social support is an important salutogenic factor after traumatic events. Still, the magnitude of the effect of social support on posttraumatic stress (PTS) is not fully understood. In particular, the importance of social support after disasters may be contingent on exposure severity. In a survey of Swedish tourists 14 months after the tsunami in Southeast Asia (N4910), in which the survivors were exposed to few post-disaster adversities, detailed information on exposure severity allowed for an examination of the effect of the interaction between social support and exposure severity on PTS. Social support was assessed by the Crisis Support Scale and PTS by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Preliminary analyses will be presented, and the size and significance of the effect will be discussed.
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| 12. |
- Arnberg, Filip K., et al.
(författare)
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Posttraumatisk stress : Vad vi bör göra efter allvarliga händelser
- 2013
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 110:3, s. 95-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I Sverige och Norden finns en god infrastruktur för psykosociala insatser i det tidiga skedet efter allvarliga händelser. Tillgången till senare adekvat psykologisk behandling är dock bristfällig.Akuta insatser bör ha tyngdpunkten på att främja de drabbades egen förmåga till återhämtning.Det är ineffektivt att förebygga posttraumatisk stress genom tidiga terapeutiska interventioner till alla drabbade oavsett symtomgrad.I Norden används fortfarande insatser som forskning avråder från.Traumafokuserad psykologisk behandling bör vara förstahandsval vid posttraumatiskt stressyndrom.Flera läkemedel kan lindra posttraumatisk stress, men effekten är liten.
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| 13. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and Duration of PTSD in Survivors Six Years After a Natural Disaster
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-6185 .- 1873-7897. ; 27:3, s. 347-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors with low levels of risk factors for PTSD. The sample included 142 adults (58% women, 54% university education, 93% employed/students/retired) on vacation in Southeast Asia during the 2004 Indian Ocean disaster. Semi-structured clinical interviews (SCID-I) were performed after 6 years including PTSD, depression, specific phobia, and alcohol abuse. The 6-year prevalence of PTSD was 11.3% and the current prevalence was 4.2%, with onset mainly within 1 month and remission within 3 years post-disaster. Suicidal ideation and comorbidity were common in PTSD cases. Lifetime prevalence of depression was 19%, specific phobia 7%, and alcohol abuse 4%. The findings suggest elevated levels of PTSD but not other disorders as compared with general population samples, but still lower levels than other disaster samples. Despite benign circumstances, however, the course and burden of PTSD were comparable to similar studies.
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| 14. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of Swedish Posttraumatic Stress Measures after a Disaster
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-6185 .- 1873-7897. ; 28:4, s. 402-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the properties of Swedish versions of self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with emphasis on the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R). Survey data from adult survivors 1, 3, and 6 years after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami (n = 1506) included the IES-R (from which the IES-6 was derived) and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The PTSD Checklist (PCL) was included in one survey. A structured clinical interview was performed after 6 years (n = 142). Factor analyses of the IES-R and PCL indicated that a dysphoric-arousal model provided good fit invariant across assessments. Both measures were accurate in excluding PTSD while all measures provided poorer positive predictive values. The IES-R, but not the IES-6 and GHQ-12, evidenced stability across assessments. In conclusion, the Swedish IES-R and PCL are sound measures of chronic PTSD, and the findings illustrate important temporal aspects of PTSD assessment.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Barth, Julia M.I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome architecture enables local adaptation of Atlantic cod despite high connectivity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 26:17, s. 4452-4466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation to local conditions is a fundamental process in evolution; however, mechanisms maintaining local adaptation despite high gene flow are still poorly understood. Marine ecosystems provide a wide array of diverse habitats that frequently promote ecological adaptation even in species characterized by strong levels of gene flow. As one example, populations of the marine fish Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are highly connected due to immense dispersal capabilities but nevertheless show local adaptation in several key traits. By combining population genomic analyses based on 12K single nucleotide polymorphisms with larval dispersal patterns inferred using a biophysical ocean model, we show that Atlantic cod individuals residing in sheltered estuarine habitats of Scandinavian fjords mainly belong to offshore oceanic populations with considerable connectivity between these diverse ecosystems. Nevertheless, we also find evidence for discrete fjord populations that are genetically differentiated from offshore populations, indicative of local adaptation, the degree of which appears to be influenced by connectivity. Analyses of the genomic architecture reveal a significant overrepresentation of a large ~5 Mb chromosomal rearrangement in fjord cod, previously proposed to comprise genes critical for the survival at low salinities. This suggests that despite considerable connectivity with offshore populations, local adaptation to fjord environments may be enabled by suppression of recombination in the rearranged region. Our study provides new insights into the potential of local adaptation in high gene flow species within fine geographical scales and highlights the importance of genome architecture in analyses of ecological adaptation.
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| 19. |
- Berdan, Emma L, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A large chromosomal inversion shapes gene expression in seaweed flies (Coelopa frigida)
- 2021
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Ingår i: EVOLUTION LETTERS. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2056-3744. ; 5:6, s. 607-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inversions often underlie complex adaptive traits, but the genic targets inside them are largely unknown. Gene expression profiling provides a powerful way to link inversions with their phenotypic consequences. We examined the effects of the Cf-Inv(1) inversion in the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida on gene expression variation across sexes and life stages. Our analyses revealed that Cf-Inv(1) shapes global expression patterns, most likely via linked variation, but the extent of this effect is variable, with much stronger effects in adults than larvae. Furthermore, within adults, both common as well as sex-specific patterns were found. The vast majority of these differentially expressed genes mapped to Cf-Inv(1). However, genes that were differentially expressed in a single context (i.e., in males, females, or larvae) were more likely to be located outside of Cf-Inv(1). By combining our findings with genomic scans for environmentally associated SNPs, we were able to pinpoint candidate variants in the inversion that may underlie mechanistic pathways that determine phenotypes. Together the results of this study, combined with previous findings, support the notion that the polymorphic Cf-Inv(1) inversion in this species is a major factor shaping both coding and regulatory variation resulting in highly complex adaptive effects.
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| 20. |
- Berdan, Emma L, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A metabarcoding analysis of the wrackbed microbiome indicates a phylogeographic break along the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition zone
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - 1462-2912. ; 25:9, s. 1659-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sandy beaches are biogeochemical hotspots that bridge marine and terrestrial ecosystems via the transfer of organic matter, such as seaweed (termed wrack). A keystone of this unique ecosystem is the microbial community, which helps to degrade wrack and re-mineralize nutrients. However, little is known about this community. Here, we characterize the wrackbed microbiome as well as the microbiome of a primary consumer, the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida, and examine how they change along one of the most studied ecological gradients in the world, the transition from the marine North Sea to the brackish Baltic Sea. We found that polysaccharide degraders dominated both microbiomes, but there were still consistent differences between wrackbed and fly samples. Furthermore, we observed a shift in both microbial communities and functionality between the North and Baltic Sea driven by changes in the frequency of different groups of known polysaccharide degraders. We hypothesize that microbes were selected for their abilities to degrade different polysaccharides corresponding to a shift in polysaccharide content in the different seaweed communities. Our results reveal the complexities of both the wrackbed microbial community, with different groups specialized to different roles, and the cascading trophic consequences of shifts in the near shore algal community.
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| 21. |
- Berdan, Emma L, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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How chromosomal inversions reorient the evolutionary process
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 36:12, s. 1761-1782
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inversions are structural mutations that reverse the sequence of a chromosome seg-ment and reduce the effective rate of recombination in the heterozygous state. They play a major role in adaptation, as well as in other evolutionary processes such as spe-ciation. Although inversions have been studied since the 1920s, they remain difficult to investigate because the reduced recombination conferred by them strengthens the effects of drift and hitchhiking, which in turn can obscure signatures of selection. Nonetheless, numerous inversions have been found to be under selection. Given re-cent advances in population genetic theory and empirical study, here we review how different mechanisms of selection affect the evolution of inversions. A key difference between inversions and other mutations, such as single nucleotide variants, is that the fitness of an inversion may be affected by a larger number of frequently interacting processes. This considerably complicates the analysis of the causes underlying the evolution of inversions. We discuss the extent to which these mechanisms can be disentangled, and by which approach.
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| 22. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
- 2019
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Ingår i: <em>Innovations in CBT for Childhood Anxiety, OCD & PTSD</em>. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108401326
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of bereavement among relatives in Italy and Sweden after the Linate airplane disaster
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1503-1438 .- 1755-4713 .- 1651-3037. ; 4:3, s. 110-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Victims of major disasters are at risk for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to compare two groups of bereaved relatives from Italy and Sweden, and to examine the role of psychosocial support and psychological reactions 18 months after traumatic bereavement. Method 153 bereaved relatives of deceased victims in the Milano/Linate air plane crash were assessed through a questionnaire. Reactions of psychological distress were measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results In the total group 53, 2 % showed symptoms indicating that they might meet the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. The frequency was higher among the Italian relatives (58.7%) compared to the Swedish (42, 6 %). Females compared to males showed more signs of posttraumatic reactions in the total population as did spouses and parents within the Italian group. The general health status, measured by subjective evaluation, was significantly affected in both groups as a result of the disaster. A significant recovery after 18 months was reported, although not to the pre-accident level. The Swedish relatives had a pattern of using more psychotherapy compared to the Italians among whom it was more common to use medication both for anxiety and sleeping problems. The need for psychotherapy and medication was related to higher scores on IES-R. Conclusions: (1) Traumatic losses deeply affect bereaved relatives. Health is affected and a large group of these relatives develop strong symptoms of post-traumatic stress. (2) Swedish bereaved relatives seem to be more apt to ask for professional help, e.g. psychotherapy, while in Italy it is more common to rely on family, friends and medication. (3) Acute organized psychosocial support in the aftermath can possibly facilitate for victims to handle a traumatic loss but it does not prevent the development of strong post-traumatic reactions. Future investigations may show how it is possible to optimize the help with more specific interventions of support and treatment.
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| 24. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Exposure to Trauma on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology in Swedish Tourist Tsunami Survivors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 197:5, s. 316-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to examine long-term mental health and posttraumatic stress symptomatology in a Swedish tourist population after exposure to the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. Data from 4822 returned questionnaires 14 months after the disaster were analyzed. Respondents were categorized into 3 subgroups: (1) danger-to-life exposure group (having been caught or chased by the waves), (2) nondanger-to-life exposure group (exposed to other disaster-related stressors), and (3) low exposure group. Main outcome measures were General Health Questionnaire-12 and Impact of Event Scale-22-Revised. Danger-to-life exposure was an important factor in causing more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms and in affecting mental health. Female gender, single status, and former trauma experiences were associated with greater distress. Other factors related to more severe symptoms were loss of relatives, physical injuries, viewing many dead bodies, experiencing life threat, and showing signs of cognitive confusion. Disaster exposure has a substantial impact on survivors, which stresses the need for long-lasting support.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Krisstöd vid allvarlig händelse
- 2017. - 2
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Ingår i: Traumatologi. - : Liber. - 9789147114238
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged Grief Among Traumatically Bereaved Relatives Exposed and Not Exposed to a Tsunami
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Traumatic Stress. - : Wiley. - 0894-9867 .- 1573-6598. ; 24:4, s. 456-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies on the mental health consequences of traumatic exposure to a disaster compare those exposed to those not exposed. Relatively few focus on the effect of the death of a close relative caused by the disaster-suffering a traumatic bereavement. This study compared the impact on 345 participants who lost a close relative in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, but who were themselves not present, to 141 who not only lost a relative, but also were themselves exposed to the tsunami. The focus was on psychological distress assessed during the second year after the sudden bereavement. Findings were that exposure to the tsunami was associated with prolonged grief (B = 3.81) and posttraumatic stress reactions (B 665), and doubled the risk for impaired mental health. Loss of children increased the risk for psychological distress (prolonged grief B = 692; The Impact of Event Scale-Revised: B = 610; General Health Questionnaire-12: OR = 2.34). Women had a higher frequency of prolonged grief For men, loss of children presented a higher risk for prolonged grief in relation to other types of bereavement (B = 636 vs. loss of partner). Further long-term follow-up could deepen the understanding of how recovery after traumatic loss is facilitated.
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| 28. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological Crisis Support in Major Incidents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medical Responses to Major Incidents and Disasters. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer London. - 9783642218941 ; , s. 363-377
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-
(författare)
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Psykologiskt omhändertagande av skadade
- 2007. - 1
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Ingår i: Traumatologi. - : Liber. - 9789147052165 ; , s. 473-482
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Six years after the wave : Trajectories of posttraumatic stress following a natural disaster
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-6185 .- 1873-7897. ; 36, s. 15-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe characteristics of long-term trajectories of distress after disasters are unclear, since few studies include a comparison group. This study examines trajectories of recovery among survivors in comparison to individuals with indirect exposure.MethodsPostal surveys were sent to Swedish tourists, repatriated from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami (n = 2268), at 1, 3, and 6 years after the tsunami to assess posttraumatic stress (PTS) and poor mental health. Items were used to ascertain high and moderate disaster exposure groups and an indirect exposure comparison group.ResultsLong-term PTS trajectories were best characterized by a resilient (72.3%), a severe chronic (4.6%), a moderate chronic (11.2%) and a recovering (11.9%) trajectory. Trajectories reported higher levels of PTS than the comparison group. Exposure severity and bereavement were highly influential risk factors.ConclusionsThese findings have implications regarding anticipation of long-term psychological adjustment after natural disasters and need for interventions after a single traumatic event with few secondary stressors.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Svenskarna som överlevde tsunamin mår relativt bra : Uppföljning sex år efter katastrofen 2004
- 2012
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 109:37, s. 1607-1609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hälsoläget i hela den undersökta populationen av överlevande svenskar sex år efter flodvågskatastrofen 2004 ter sig relativt gott.Jämfört med den förra undersökningen tre år efter tsunamin finns indikationer på en viss fortsatt återhämtning.Kvinnor visar besvär i något större utsträckning än män.En minoritet har fortfarande problem, i synnerhet de som var utsatta för livshot. Fördjupade studier kommer att belysa faktorer av betydelse för olika vägar till återhämtning.
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| 35. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Traumatic Bereavement on Tsunami-Exposed Survivors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Traumatic Stress. - : Wiley. - 0894-9867 .- 1573-6598. ; 22:6, s. 497-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fourteen months after the 2004 tsunami, mental health outcome was assessed in 187 bereaved relatives, 308 bereaved friends, and in 3,020 nonbereaved Swedish survivors. Of the bereaved relatives, 41% reported posttraumatic stress reactions and 62% reported impaired general mental health. Having been caught or chased by the tsunami in combination with bereavement was associated with increased posttraumatic stress reactions. Complicated grief reactions among relatives were almost as frequent as posttraumatic stress reactions. The highest levels of psychological distress were found among those who had lost children. Traumatic bereavement, in combination with exposure to life danger, is probably a risk factor for mental health sequelae after a natural disaster.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-
(författare)
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Traumatic Exposure, Bereavement and Recovery among Survivors and Close Relatives after Disasters
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- International studies of disasters indicate the risk for developing posttraumatic stress reactions among survivors is high. Modern life implicates increased traveling. During the last decades a large number of Swedish citizens were confronted with disasters taking place outside of their country. The prevalence of trauma reactions in a population that does not normally experience natural disasters, but are able to return to a community unaffected by the catastrophe, is not well studied. In addition, the effects of bereavement after traumatic circumstances have not been satisfactorily explored. Longitudinal studies on the effects of natural disasters are underrepresented and there are few studies investigating the course of recovery after traumatic exposure. The aim for this thesis was to examine long-term post-traumatic stress reactions, mental health, and complicated grief after disaster exposure and traumatic bereavement. Data from returned questionnaires were analysed from bereaved Italian and Swedish relatives 18 months after the Linate airplane disaster 2001, and at 14 months and three years from Swedish travelers returning from Southeast Asia after the 2004 tsunami disaster, and from home staying bereaved relatives within the second year after the tsunami disaster. The main outcome measures were GHQ-12, IES-R and Inventory of Complicated Grief. The findings indicated many survivors were resilient and had ability to recover, but severe exposure to a disaster had considerable impact on psychological distress. Life threat was associated with higher levels of post-traumatic stress reactions, and increased the risk for affected mental health and suicidal ideation. Loss in combination with severe life threat exposure indicated a further increased risk of posttraumatic stress reactions and for complicated grief; this should be considered a substantial risk factor for general mental health. Loss of close relatives, especially loss of children, was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress and created a greater risk for complicated grief. Many survivors recovered over time; however, severe exposure and traumatic loss appeared to slow the recovery process. The findings have implications for government and health agencies, regarding the importance of knowledge and awareness of these risks for health, and for organizational structure, training, and accessibility of support and adequate treatment.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Tsunami-exposed tourist survivors : Signs of recovery in an 3-year perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 199:3, s. 162-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term follow-up after disaster exposure indicates increased rates of psychological distress. However, trajectories and rates of recovery in large samples of disaster-exposed survivors are largely lacking. A group of 3457 Swedish survivors temporarily on vacation in Southeast Asia during the 2004 tsunami were assessed by postal questionnaire at 14 months and 3 years after the tsunami regarding post-traumatic stress reactions (IES-R) and general mental health (GHQ-12). There was a general pattern of resilience and recovery 3 years postdisaster. Severe exposure and traumatic bereavement were associated with increased post-traumatic stress reactions and heightened risk for impaired mental health. The rate of recovery was lower among respondents exposed to life threat and among bereaved. Severe trauma exposure and bereavement seem to have considerable long-term impact on psychological distress and appear to slow down the recovery process. Readiness among health agencies for identification of symptoms and provision of interventions might facilitate optimal recovery.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bergstrom, L., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and morphological identification of Fucus radicans sp Nov (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in the brackish Baltic Sea
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Phycology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3646 .- 1529-8817. ; 41:5, s. 1025-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brown seaweeds of the genus Fucus occupy a wide variety of temperate coastal habitats. The genus is evolutionary dynamic with recent radiations to form morphologically distinct taxa. In the brackish Baltic Sea, fucoids are the only perennial canopy-forming macroalgae. The most northern populations of Fucus occur permanently submerged in extremely low salinity (3-5 psu). These are currently referred to as Fucus vesiculosus L. but are morphologically distinct with a narrow frond without bladders. We report here that a population of this unique morphotype is reproductively isolated from a truly sympatric population of common F. vesiculosus and conclude that the northern morphotype represents a previously undescribed species. We describe Fucus radicans sp. nov., which is attached and dioecious with broadly elliptic receptacles, characterized by a richly branched narrow flat frond (2-5 mm), short thallus (< 26 cm), and a high capacity for vegetative recruitment of attached plants. Analysis of five highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci showed genetic differentiation between sympatric populations of F. radicans and F. vesiculosus, whereas allopatric populations of the same species revealed a coherent pattern of genetic variation. Sequences of the RUBISCO region in F. radicans were identical to or differing at only one to two dinucleotide positions from those of F. vesiculosus, indicating a recent common origin of the two species.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bing, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Det har både blivit lättare och svårare - om det nya i att arbeta på familjecentraler
- 2011
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 88:2, s. 133-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här artikeln utgår ifrån personalens perspektiv. Första delen är resultat från en enkätstudie som fokuserar på hur personal förändrat sitt sätt att arbeta sedan de började arbeta på familjecentral. De flesta upplever att eftersom de har andra professioner i samma hus lättare upptäcker familjer med extra behov av stöd och bättre kan fokusera på sina egna arbetsuppgifter. Som fördjupning av svaren i enkäten har olika personalkategorier ombetts skriva en kortfattad berättelse om sitt eget arbete på familjecentral. Sjuksköterskor, barnmorska, psykolog, socionom, förskollärare, bibliotekarie och samordnare berättar hur de arbetar. Slutsatserna från artikeln är att familjecentraler kan ses som ett svar på att stödet till blivande och småbarnsföräldrar har utökats på de områden som den traditionella mödra- och barnhälsovården har sett som problematisk att möta. Sannolikt ökar förutsättningarna för att de som behöver extra stöd också kan få möjlighet till detta under förutsättning att extra stöd finns när familjecentralens resurser inte räcker till.
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| 47. |
- Bing, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Det har både blivit lättare och svårare - om det nya i att arbeta på familjecentraler
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 88:2, s. 133-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här artikeln utgår ifrån personalens perspektiv. Första delen är resultat från en enkätstudie som fokuserar på hur personal förändrat sitt sätt att arbeta sedan de började arbeta på familjecentral. De flesta upplever att eftersom de har andra professioner i samma hus lättare upptäcker familjer med extra behov av stöd och bättre kan fokusera på sina egna arbetsuppgifter. Som fördjupning av svaren i enkäten har olika personalkategorier ombetts skriva en kortfattad berättelse om sitt eget arbete på familjecentral. Sjuksköterskor, barnmorska, psykolog, socionom, förskollärare, bibliotekarie och samordnare berättar hur de arbetar. Slutsatserna från artikeln är att familjecentraler kan ses som ett svar på att stödet till blivande och småbarnsföräldrar har utökats på de områden som den traditionella mödra- och barnhälsovården har sett som problematisk att möta. Sannolikt ökar förutsättningarna för att de som behöver extra stöd också kan få möjlighet till detta under förutsättning att extra stöd finns när familjecentralens resurser inte räcker till.
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| 48. |
- Blakeslee, A. M. H., et al.
(författare)
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Population structure and phylogeography of two North Atlantic Littorina species with contrasting larval development
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 168:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogeography provides insights into how historical and contemporary processes influence the genetic structure and gene flow in marine organisms around the globe. In benthic marine invertebrates, a species' reproductive strategy can strongly impact phylogeographic patterns and distribution, with some direct-developing (non-planktonic) dispersers demonstrating strong genetic structure but also broad geographic spread. While seemingly paradoxical, past work has shown ovoviviparous species, like Littorina saxatilis, can be more successful colonizers of remote locations than species with planktonic larvae, like L. littorea. Both Littorina species overlap in much of their North Atlantic ranges but have different colonization histories: L. saxatilis is native on both North Atlantic coasts and islands, and L. littorea is native to the eastern Atlantic but introduced to the west. Using an extensive mitochondrial dataset (1236 sequences; 85 sites), we examined how their opposing reproductive strategies correspond to their distributions and phylogeographies. Littorina saxatilis exhibited a heterogeneous genetic structure reflecting post-glacial recolonization from multiple refugial sites, while L. littorea had a homogeneous structure with a post-glacial history characterized by recolonization from one main refugial area in the northeast Atlantic. Further, haplotype diversity was significantly depressed in northwest Atlantic L. littorea populations, signifying a strong bottleneck characteristic of a human-mediated introduction. In contrast, haplotype diversity in L. saxatilis was similar between the two regions, demonstrating long-term history on both coasts. Thus, our study suggests contrasting life-history characteristics were a major structuring force in the phylogeographic patterns of these related species following large-scale disturbances (natural and anthropogenic) that compel contraction and redistribution over large areas.
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| 49. |
- Bosso, L., et al.
(författare)
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The rise and fall of an alien: why the successful colonizer Littorina saxatilis failed to invade the Mediterranean Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 24:10, s. 3169-3187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding what determines range expansion or extinction is crucial to predict the success of biological invaders. We tackled this long-standing question from an unparalleled perspective using the failed expansions in Littorina saxatilis and investigated its present and past habitat suitability in Europe through Ecological Niche Modelling. This intertidal snail is a typically successful Atlantic colonizer and the earliest confirmed alien species in the Mediterranean Sea, where, however, it failed to thrive despite its high dispersal ability and adaptability. We explored the environmental constraints affecting its biogeography, identified potential glacial refugia in Europe that fuelled its post-glacial colonisations and tested whether the current gaps in its distribution are linked to local ecological features. Our results suggested that L. saxatilis is unlikely to be a glacial relict in the Mediterranean basin. Multiple Atlantic glacial refugia occurred in the Last Glacial Maximum, and abiotic environmental features such as salinity and water temperature have influenced the past and current distributions of this snail and limited its invasion of the Mediterranean Sea. The snail showed a significant overlap in geographic space and ecological niche with Carcinusmaenas, the Atlantic predator, but distinct from Pachygrapsusmarmoratus, the Mediterranean predator, further pointing to Atlantic-like habitat requirements for this species. Abiotic constrains during introduction rather than dispersal abilities have shaped the past and current range of L. saxatilis and help explaining why some invasions have not been successful. Our findings contribute to clarifying the processes constraining or facilitating shifts in species’ distributions and biological invasions.
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| 50. |
- Butlin, Roger, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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PARALLEL EVOLUTION OF LOCAL ADAPTATION AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN THE FACE OF GENE FLOW
- 2014
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Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820. ; 68:4, s. 935-949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parallel evolution of similar phenotypes provides strong evidence for the operation of natural selection. Where these phenotypes contribute to reproductive isolation, they further support a role for divergent, habitat-associated selection in speciation. However, the observation of pairs of divergent ecotypes currently occupying contrasting habitats in distinct geographical regions is not sufficient to infer parallel origins. Here we show striking parallel phenotypic divergence between populations of the rocky-shore gastropod, Littorina saxatilis, occupying contrasting habitats exposed to either wave action or crab predation. This divergence is associated with barriers to gene exchange but, nevertheless, genetic variation is more strongly structured by geography than by ecotype. Using approximate Bayesian analysis of sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, we show that the ecotypes are likely to have arisen in the face of continuous gene flow and that the demographic separation of ecotypes has occurred in parallel at both regional and local scales. Parameter estimates suggest a long delay between colonization of a locality and ecotype formation, perhaps because the postglacial spread of crab populations was slower than the spread of snails. Adaptive differentiation may not be fully genetically independent despite being demographically parallel. These results provide new insight into a major model of ecologically driven speciation.
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