| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: Framtidsfabriken - en konceptfabrik formad av kvinnor
- 2010
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett forskningsprojekt som bland annat innebar arbete tillsammans med ett designteam bestående av kvinnor (yrkesaktiva inom industrin) för att utforma modeller för framtidens industriarbete – både organisation och arbetsplatser. Projektet pågick 2008-2011 med finansiering från AFA (2,7 milj. kr), FAS (2,4 milj. kr) samt EUs regionala utvecklingsfond. I projektet medverkade även Jan Johansson, Bo Johansson och Kjell Rask. Doktorander: Åsa Wikberg-Nilsson (Industriell design) och Stina Johansson (IPM).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Frisk, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Acts of Creation : Introduction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acts of Creation : Thoughts on artistic research supervision - Thoughts on artistic research supervision. - 9789187483165 ; , s. 7-18
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Thelander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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IKEA's image in three countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Consuming IKEA; different perspectives on consumer images of a global retailer. - 9789185113422 ; , s. 111-130
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidsfabriken : En vision av framtidens effektiva och attraktiva arbetsmiljöer i industrin
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här rapporten beskrivs metoder och resultat från projektet Framtidsfabriken, vars idé har varit att bryta traditionella mönster vid utformning av produktionssystem genom att inkludera grupper som i vanliga fall inte deltar i förändringsprojekt. Projektet har bedrivits på Arbetsvetenskap vid Luleå tekniska universitet. Syftet med projektet har dels varit att problematisera och utveckla metoder för produktionsutformning och dels att bidra till utveckling av teorierna om ’det goda arbetet’. En konkret frågeställning har varit; Hur utformas ett modernt produktionssystem baserat på krav formulerade av kvinnor och ungdomar? Projektets mål har varit att utforma en vision av en effektiv, attraktiv och långsiktigt hållbar arbetsmiljö i industrin. En avgränsning i projektet har varit valet att arbeta med industrin som bransch och inte en specifik typ av produktion eller ett visst företag. Projektet har bedrivits om ett interaktivt projekt i samarbete med aktörer från industrin. Totalt har 121 personer fördelat på 59 procent kvinnor och 41 procent män medverkat som deltagare i projektet. Deltagarna i projektet har varit anställda på både chefs- och medarbetarnivå i industrin, ungdomar, samt representanter för branschorganisationer och fackförbund. Arbetet har huvudsakligen genomförts i form av workshops samt fokusgrupper och intervjuer. Metoden har varit Future Workshops, där deltagarna inledningsvis diskuterar nuläge för att sedan arbeta med framtida ideala lösningar och idéer om implementering av lösningar. Även andra metoder har nyttjats; ”Personas” för att förmedla nuvarande situationer i industrin, scenarier för att stimulera till idéer om framtiden samt olika metoder och associativa bilder för att stimulera kreativitet och kommunikation i gruppen. Analys av material från intervjuer, observationer, diskussioner, val av bilder, ljud- och videoinspelningar har inriktats mot förståelse av deltagarnas kontexter och tolkning av deras behov och preferenser. Projektet har varit annorlunda genom målsättningen att bryta traditionella mönster av produktionsutformning genom att inkludera grupper som i vanliga fall inte deltar i förändringsprojekt. En vision av ett modernt produktionssystem har utformats, baserat på krav formulerade av kvinnor. Några exempel från visionen är att alla är medarbetare på Framtidsfabriken. Det är lika många män som kvinnor på alla befattningar. På framtidsfabriken arbetas med filosofin ’livslång trainee’. Man arbetar med olika former av nätverk, där olika kompetenser både inom och utanför företaget möts för att stimulera till innovation, ständig utveckling och förbättring. Flexibel arbetstid möjliggörs via individuella scheman. I lokalerna finns mötesplatser för kommunikation, nätverk och projektarbeten. Lokalerna är ljusa och färgsatta enligt företagsidentiteten. Teknik och kommunikation underlättas via ett enhetliga system, som alla kan ta del av.
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| 14. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 17. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 18. |
- Ameur, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Adaptation of Fatty-Acid Metabolism : A Human-Specific Haplotype Increasing the Biosynthesis of Long-Chain Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 90:5, s. 809-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential for the development and function of the human brain. They can be obtained directly from food, e.g., fish, or synthesized from precursor molecules found in vegetable oils. To determine the importance of genetic variability to fatty-acid biosynthesis, we studied FADS1 and FADS2, which encode rate-limiting enzymes for fatty-acid conversion. We performed genome-wide genotyping (n = 5,652 individuals) and targeted resequencing (n = 960 individuals) of the FADS region in five European population cohorts. We also analyzed available genomic data from human populations, archaic hominins, and more distant primates. Our results show that present-day humans have two common FADS haplotypes-defined by 28 closely linked SNPs across 38.9 kb-that differ dramatically in their ability to generate LC-PUFAs. No independent effects on FADS activity were seen for rare SNPs detected by targeted resequencing. The more efficient, evolutionarily derived haplotype appeared after the lineage split leading to modern humans and Neanderthals and shows evidence of positive selection. This human-specific haplotype increases the efficiency of synthesizing essential long-chain fatty acids from precursors and thereby might have provided an advantage in environments with limited access to dietary LC-PUFAs. In the modern world, this haplotype has been associated with lifestyle-related diseases, such as coronary artery disease.
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| 19. |
- Askman, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased neutrophil function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is restored with lenalidomide therapy
- 2024
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesBacterial infections are common and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM). We have investigated the function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), the immune system's first line of defense against bacteria, in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), smoldering MM (SMM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and healthy controls.MethodsPhagocytosis and oxidative burst in PMN cells from patients and healthy donors were investigated using PhagoTest and PhagoBurst assay.ResultsPMN from NDMM, SMM, and MGUS patients had reduced phagocytosis and oxidative burst ability compared with healthy controls. The dysfunction was most prominent in BM samples from MM, SMM, and MGUS patients. Importantly the reduced phagocytosis in MM patients was restored in patients on lenalidomide therapy. Consistently the ability of Escherichia coli stimulated oxidative burst in BM was reduced for the MM, SMM, and MGUS cohort in contrast to the healthy controls and the patients on lenalidomide treatment.ConclusionOur results show that MM patients have neutrophil dysfunction that could contribute to susceptibility for bacterial infections and that lenalidomide therapy was associated with restored PMN function.
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| 20. |
- Bengtsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Low production of reactive oxygen species in granulocytes is associated with organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2014
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1478-6354. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are main effector cells in the acute immune response. While the specific role of PMN in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmunity is still unclear, their importance in chronic inflammation is gaining more attention. Here we investigate aspects of function, bone marrow release and activation of PMN in patients with SLE. Methods: The following PMN functions and subsets were evaluated using flow cytometry; (a) production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after ex vivo stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or Escherichia coli (E. coli); (b) capacity to phagocytose antibody-coated necrotic cell material; (c) PMN recently released from bone marrow, defined as percentage of CD10(-)D16(low) in peripheral blood, and (d) PMN activation markers; CD11b, CD62L and C5aR. Results: SLE patients (n = 92) showed lower ROS production compared with healthy controls (n = 38) after activation ex vivo. The ROS production was not associated with corticosteroid dose or other immunotherapies. PMA induced ROS production was significantly reduced in patients with severe disease. In contrast, neither ROS levels after E. coli activation, nor the capacity to phagocytose were associated with disease severity. This suggests that decreased ROS production after PMA activation is a sign of changed PMN behaviour rather than generally impaired functions. The CD10(-)CD16(low) phenotype constitute 2% of PMN in peripheral blood of SLE patients compared with 6.4% in controls, indicating a decreased release of PMN from the bone marrow in SLE. A decreased expression of C5aR on PMN was observed in SLE patients, pointing towards in vivo activation. Conclusions: Our results indicate that PMN from SLE patients have altered function, are partly activated and are released abnormally from bone marrow. The association between low ROS formation in PMN and disease severity is consistent with findings in other autoimmune diseases and might be considered as a risk factor.
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| 21. |
- Bärnarp, Tora, et al.
(författare)
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Skönhet hållbarhet funktion
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation redovisar studenternas enskilda arbeten. Materialet har tillkommit inom ramen för läsårets tema ”Skönhet, hållbarhet och funktion”, men varje studie utgår ifrån studenternas egna val av ämne.
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| 22. |
- Clark, DW, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4957-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.
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| 23. |
- Edsjö, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Building a precision medicine infrastructure at a national level : The Swedish experience
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cambridge Prisms: Precision Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2752-6143. ; 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine has the potential to transform healthcare by moving from one-size-fits-all to personalised treatment and care. This transition has been greatly facilitated through new high-throughput sequencing technologies that can provide the unique molecular profile of each individual patient, along with the rapid development of targeted therapies directed to the Achilles heels of each disease. To implement precision medicine approaches in healthcare, many countries have adopted national strategies and initiated genomic/precision medicine initiatives to provide equal access to all citizens. In other countries, such as Sweden, this has proven more difficult due to regionally organised healthcare. Using a bottom-up approach, key stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry and patient organisations joined forces and formed Genomic Medicine Sweden (GMS), a national infrastructure for the implementation of precision medicine across the country. To achieve this, Genomic Medicine Centres have been established to provide regionally distributed genomic services, and a national informatics infrastructure has been built to allow secure data handling and sharing. GMS has a broad scope focusing on rare diseases, cancer, pharmacogenomics, infectious diseases and complex diseases, while also providing expertise in informatics, ethical and legal issues, health economy, industry collaboration and education. In this review, we summarise our experience in building a national infrastructure for precision medicine. We also provide key examples how precision medicine already has been successfully implemented within our focus areas. Finally, we bring up challenges and opportunities associated with precision medicine implementation, the importance of international collaboration, as well as the future perspective in the field of precision medicine.
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| 24. |
- Ek, Weronica E, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies genes associated with the cardiovascular biomarker GDF-15
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 25:4, s. 817-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is expressed in low to moderate levels in most healthy tissues and increases in response to inflammation. GDF-15 is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and over-expressed in the myocardium of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about the function of GDF-15 in cardiovascular disease, and the underlying regulatory network of GDF-15 is not known. To investigate a possible association between GDF-15 levels and DNA methylation, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study of white blood cells in a population-based study (N = 717). Significant loci where replicated in an independent cohort (N = 963). We also performed a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. We identified and replicated 16 CpG-sites (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), at 11 independent loci including MIR21. MIR21 encodes a microRNA (miR-21) that has previously been shown to be associated with the development of heart disease. Interestingly, GDF15 mRNA contains a binding site for miR-21. Four sites were also differentially methylated in blood from participants previously diagnosed with MI and 14 enriched GO terms (FDR < 0.05, enrichment > 2) were identified, including 'cardiac muscle cell differentiation'. This study shows that GDF-15 levels are associated with differences in DNA methylation in blood cells, and a subset of the loci are also differentially methylated in participants with MI. However, there might be interactions between GDF-15 levels and methylation in other tissues not addressed in this study. These results provide novel links between GDF-15 and cardiovascular disease.
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| 25. |
- Ek, Weronica E., et al.
(författare)
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Tea and coffee consumption in relation to DNA methylation in four European cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 26:16, s. 3221-3231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifestyle factors, such as food choices and exposure to chemicals, can alter DNA methylation and lead to changes in gene activity. Two such exposures with pharmacologically active components are coffee and tea consumption. Both coffee and tea has been suggested to play an important role in modulating disease-risk in humans by suppressing tumour progression, decreasing inflammation and influencing estrogen metabolism. These mechanisms may be mediated by changes in DNA methylation.To investigate if DNA methylation in blood is associated with coffee and tea consumption we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study for coffee and tea consumption in four European cohorts (N = 3,096). DNA methylation was measured from whole blood at 421,695 CpG sites distributed throughout the genome and analysed in men and women both separately and together in each cohort. Meta-analyses of the results and additional regional-level analyses were performed.After adjusting for multiple testing, the meta-analysis revealed that two individual CpG-sites, mapping to DNAJC16 and TTC17, were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. No individual sites were associated in men or in the sex-combined analysis for tea or coffee. The regional analysis revealed that 28 regions were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. These regions contained genes known to interact with estradiol metabolism and cancer. No significant regions were found in the sex-combined and male-only analysis for either tea or coffee consumption.
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| 26. |
- Elmér, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Frequencies of Switched Memory B Cells and Plasmablasts in Peripheral Blood from Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-7156 .- 2314-8861. ; 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B cells are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (ANCA-) associated vasculitis (AAV). ANCAs have been proposed to cause vasculitis by activating primed neutrophils to damage small blood vessels. We studied a cohort of AAV patients of which a majority were in remission and diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Using flow cytometry, the frequencies of CD19+ B cells and subsets in peripheral blood from 106 patients with AAV and 134 healthy controls were assessed. B cells were divided into naive, preswitch memory, switched memory, and exhausted memory cells. Naive and switched memory cells were further subdivided into transitional cells and plasmablasts, respectively. In addition, serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, G, and M were measured and clinical data were retrieved. AAV patients displayed, in relation to healthy controls, a decreased frequency of B cells of lymphocytes (5.1% vs. 8.3%) and total B cell number. For the subsets, a decrease in percentage of transitional B cells (0.7% vs. 4.4%) and expansions of switched memory B cells (22.3% vs. 16.5%) and plasmablasts (0.9% vs. 0.3%) were seen. A higher proportion of B cells was activated (CD95+) in patients (20.6% vs. 10.3%), and immunoglobulin levels were largely unaltered. No differences in B cell frequencies between patients in active disease and remission were observed. Patients in remission with a tendency to relapse had, compared to nonrelapsing patients, decreased frequencies of B cells (3.5% vs. 6.5%) and transitional B cells (0.1% vs. 1.1%) and an increased frequency of activated exhausted memory B cells (30.8% vs. 22.3%). AAV patients exhibit specific changes in frequencies of CD19+ B cells and their subsets in peripheral blood. These alterations could contribute to the autoantibody-driven inflammatory process in AAV.
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| 27. |
- Elmér, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Methotrexate Treatment Suppresses Monocytes in Nonresponders to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-8861 .- 2314-7156. ; 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of infections; therefore, immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases is important. Methotrexate (MTX) impairs the antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in patients with arthritis, and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the potential role of the innate immune system in the faltering antibody response following PCV vaccination in RA patients treated with MTX. Phenotypes of circulating granulocytes and monocytes were analyzed in 11 RA patients treated with MTX, 13 RA patients without disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment (0DMARD), and 13 healthy controls (HC). Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 7 days after vaccination. In addition, the MTX group was sampled before initiating treatment. Frequencies of granulocyte and monocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry. Serotype-specific IgG were quantified using a multiplex bead assay, pre- and 4-6 weeks after vaccination. At baseline, no differences in granulocyte and monocyte frequencies were observed between the groups. Within the MTX group, the frequency of basophils increased during treatment and was higher compared to the HC and 0DMARD groups at the prevaccination time point. MTX patients were categorized into responders and nonresponders according to the antibody response. Before initiation of MTX, there were no differences in granulocyte and monocyte frequencies between the two subgroups. However, following 6-12 weeks of MTX treatment, both the frequency and concentration of monocytes were lower in PCV nonresponders compared to responders, and the difference in monocyte frequency remained after vaccination. In conclusion, the suppressive effect of MTX on monocyte concentration and frequency could act as a biomarker to identify nonresponders to PCV vaccination.
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| 28. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic environmental assessment methodologies : applications within the energy sector
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 23:1, s. 91-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a procedural tool and within the framework of SEA, several different types of analytical tools can be used in the assessment. Several analytical tools are presented and their relation to SEA is discussed including methods for future studies, Life Cycle Assessment, Risk Assessment, Economic Valuation and Multi-Attribute Approaches. A framework for the integration of some analytical tools in the SEA process is suggested. It is noted that the available analytical tools primarily cover some types of environmental impacts related to emissions of pollutants. Tools covering impacts on ecosystems and landscapes are more limited. The relation between application and choice of analytical tools is discussed. It is suggested that SEAs used to support a choice between different alternatives require more quantitative methods, whereas SEAs used to identify critical aspects and suggest mitigation strategies can suffice with more qualitative methods. The possible and desired degree of site-specificity in the assessment can also influence the choice of methods. It is also suggested that values and world views can be of importance for judging whether different types of tools and results are meaningful and useful. Since values and world views differ between different stakeholders, consultation and understanding are important to ensure credibility and relevance.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Folkersen, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
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| 31. |
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| 34. |
- Hadizadeh, Fatemeh, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis : a prospective cohort study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Oral contraceptives (OC) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) contain exogenous sex hormones and are used by millions of women around the world. However, their effect on development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still debated and the current literature suggests that they may exert opposite effects on the risk of RA. The present study aimed to estimate the effects of exogenous hormones on development of RA, both during the reproductive lifespan and later in life.METHODS: The association between OC and RA, as well as between MHT and late-onset RA (LORA), was investigated using time-dependent Cox regression modelling in white British women from the UK Biobank (N = 236 602 and N = 102 466, respectively) and replicated in women from all ethnic groups.RESULTS: OC use was associated with a decreased risk of RA in ever-users (hazard ratio [HR]=0.89; 95% CI = 0.82-0.96), as well as in current (HR = 0.81; 0.73-0.91) and former users (HR = 0.92; 0.84 -1.00), compared with never-users. In contrast, MHT use was associated with an increased risk of LORA in ever-users (HR = 1.16; 1.06-1.26) as well as in former users (HR = 1.13; 1.03-1.24) compared with never-users.CONCLUSION: OC use appears to protect against RA, while MHT may increase the risk of LORA. This study provides new insights into the possible inverse effect of exposure to different exogenous sex hormones on the risk of RA.
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| 35. |
- Hellmark, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Eosinophils in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Rheumatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2520-1026. ; 3:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitides (AAV) are characterized by autoimmune small vessel inflammation. Eosinophils are multifunctional cells with both pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Tissue activated eosinophils secrete cyto- and chemokines and form extracellular traps (EETs), they release free granules and produce reactive oxygen species. The role of eosinophils is well established in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) but very little is known about their role in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).Methods: The expression of surface markers CD11c, CD11b, CD16, CD35, CD62L, CD64, CD88, Siglec-8 and CD193 and reactive oxygen species production by peripheral blood eosinophils were studied using flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the release of eosinophil extracellular DNA traps (EETs). 98 GPA and MPA patients and 121 healthy controls were included in the study.Results: Both GPA and MPA patients had decreased frequency of eosinophils in peripheral blood compared with healthy controls (p < 0.0001), which could not solely be explained by corticosteroid treatment. The patient's eosinophils showed increased surface expression of the Fc receptors CD16 (p < 0.0001) and CD64 (p = 0.0035) as well as CCR3 (CD193) (p = 0.0022). Decreased expression was found of the complement receptors CD35 (p = 0.0022), CD88 (p < 0,0001) as well as CD11c (p < 0,0001), CD11b (p = 0.0061) and Siglec-8 (p = 0,0015). Moreover, GPA and MPA eosinophils, showed decreased capacity to produce ROS (p < 0.0001). ANCA stimulation of eosinophils from GPA and MPA patients after C5a priming enhanced EETosis (p = 0,0088).Conclusions: The percentage of eosinophils were decreased in peripheral blood in GPA and MPA patients and showed altered surface marker expression and function. The enhanced EETosis after ANCA stimulation, suggests that eosinophil can contribute to the autoantibody driven inflammatory process.
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| 36. |
- Hult, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Rättvis tillgänglighet för landsbygder och mindre tätorter
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Temat för det här forskningsprojektet är hur de transportpolitiska målen kan nås i landsbygder: att säkerställa en grundläggande tillgänglighet med god kvalitet och användbarhet i hela landet för alla invånare oberoende av kön, ålder, etnicitet etc. I en förstudie konstaterades att det behövs metoder för att involvera personer med olika behov och erfarenheter i framtagning av olika lösningar, för att säkerställa att de motsvarar faktiska behov. I projektet har en sådan metod tillämpats med syfte att identifiera innovativa lösningar. Det tvååriga projektet (2022–2023) har genomförts av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, Trivector Traffic och VTI Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.Arbetet har utgått från ett intersektionellt perspektiv och metoden Mobility Labs. I projektet har intervjuer genomförts med planerare på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå och fokusgrupper har genomförts med invånare i Vilhelmina, Orsa och Sjöbo. Därefter har planerare och invånare sammanförts i samskapande workshoppar för dialog om behov och möjliga lösningar. Fokus har varit på grupperna ungdomar, äldre, invandrare och pendlare (företrädesvis med lägre inkomst), som ofta har begränsad tillgång till bil, särskilt om kostnaden för att köra bil ökar.Genom samskapandeworkshopparna med invånare och planerare identifierades flera åtgärder för att öka tillgängligheten för boende på landsbygd och i mindre orter:Organisera samhället för bättre tillgänglighet med konsekvensanalys utifrån ett tillgänglighetsperspektiv innan beslut fattas.Vänd på tänket och låt servicen komma till medborgarna, t.ex. med läkare från regionsjukhus som besöker byar. Digitala hybridlösningar kan vara del av lösningen.Öka turutbudet i kollektivtrafiken genom samutnyttjande av fordon, samordning mellan kollektivtrafiken och kallelser till vården, och vidareutvecklad anropsstyrd trafik.Öka kvaliteten i befintlig kollektivtrafik med hjälp av små tidtabelljusteringar etc.Flera av lösningarna skulle kunna skapa en förbättrad tillgänglighet utan att öka samhällets kostnader, därför att lösningarna främst bygger på nya sätt för att organisera olika verksamheter. Inte minst finns en stor potential i att organisera olika former av offentlig service på ett sätt som inte skapar stora tillgänglighetsglapp, vilket skapar en efterfrågan på transporter som blir svår och dyr att tillgodose. Genom digitaliseringen öppnar sig också möjligheter att ge tillgång till även specialiserad service lokalt, gärna genom hybridlösningar där mänsklig kontakt minskar barriären till den digitala tekniken. Det är uppenbart att kollektivtrafiken har en central roll för att upprätthålla tillgängligheten för de studerade grupperna. Kostnaderna begränsar möjligheterna att utöka den traditionella kollektivtrafiken, men ur ett samhällsperspektiv kan det finnas anledning att omfördela resurser från stadstrafik till landsbygdstrafik, eftersom landsbygdstrafiken ökar den absoluta tillgängligheten för de som berörs medan stadstrafiken sällan är det enda alternativet för de som använder den. Även om man efterfrågar ett ökat turutbud finns också en stor potential i att öka kollektivtrafikens tillförlitlighet, inte minst för den anropsstyrda trafiken som används mycket lite idag. Även små justeringar i information, tidtabell, skyltning etc. kan förbättra kvaliteten i befintlig kollektivtrafik utan några stora extra kostnader. En annan tydlig slutsats av analysen av intervjuer och samskapandeworkshopar är att det behövs bättre kunskap om de transportutsatta gruppernas behov hos offentliga aktörer. Detta efterfrågas av de offentliga aktörerna själva, och på vissa håll har steg börjats ta mot mer dialog och ökad förståelse för att behoven ser olika ut hos olika grupper.
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| 37. |
- Hult, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Rättvis tillgänglighet för landsbygder och mindre tätorter
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 199-200
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I en förstudie konstaterades att det behövs metoder för att involvera personer med olika behov och erfarenheter i framtagning av olika lösningar, för att säkerställa att de motsvarar faktiska behov. I projektet har en sådan metod tillämpats med syfte att identifiera innovativa lösningar. Projektet har genomförts av IVL, VTI och Trivector.Arbetet har utgått från ett intersektionellt perspektiv och metoden Mobility Labs. I projektet har intervjuer genomförts med planerare från kommuner och regioner samt fokusgrupper med invånare i Vilhelmina, Orsa och Sjöbo. Därefter har planerare och invånare sammanförts i samskapandeworkshoppar för dialog om behov och möjliga lösningar. Fokus har varit på grupperna ungdomar, äldre, invandrare och låginkomsttagare, som ofta har begränsad tillgång till bil, särskilt om kostnaden för att köra bil ökar.Genom samskapandeworkshopparna med invånare och planerare identifierades flera åtgärder för att öka tillgängligheten för boende på landsbygd och i mindre orter: Organisera samhället för bättre tillgänglighet med konsekvensanalys utifrån ett tillgänglighetsperspektiv innan beslut fattas. Vänd på tänket och låt servicen komma till medborgarna, t.ex. med läkare från regionsjukhus som besöker byar. Digitala hybridlösningar kan vara del av lösningen. Öka turutbudet i kollektivtrafiken genom samutnyttjande av fordon, samordning mellan kollektivtrafiken och kallelser till vården, och vidareutvecklad anropsstyrd trafik. Öka kvaliteten i befintlig kollektivtrafik med hjälp av små tabelljusteringar etc. Fler av lösningarna skulle kunna skapa en förbättrad tillgänglighet utan att öka samhällets kostnader, därför att lösningarna främst bygger på nya sätt att organisera olika verksamheter på. Inte minst finns en stor potential i att organisera olika former av offentlig service på ett sätt som inte skapar stora tillgänglighetsglapp, vilket skapar en efterfrågan på transporter som blir svår och dyr att tillgodose. Genom digitaliseringen öppnar sig också möjligheter att ge tillgång till även specialiserad service lokalt, gärna genom hybridlösningar där mänsklig kontakt minskar barriären till den digitala tekniken.
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| 38. |
- Höglund, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the human ABO genotypes and their association to common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the UK Biobank
- 2021
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Hematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 96:11, s. 1350-1362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ABO gene contains three major alleles that encodes different antigens; A, B, and O, which determine an individual's blood group. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying associations between ABO blood groups and diseases risk. Here, we sought to test for association between ABO genotypes (OO, OA, AA; OB, BB, and AB) and a large set of common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in UK Biobank as well as disease-related protein biomarkers in NSPHS. We first tested for association by conducting a likelihood ratio test, testing whether ABO contributed significantly to the risk for 24 diseases, and 438 plasma proteins. For phenotypes with FDR < 0.05, we tested for pair-wise differences between genetically determined ABO genotypes using logistic or linear regression. Our study confirmed previous findings of a strong association between ABO and cardiovascular disease, identified associations for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and provide additional evidence of significant differences between heterozygous and homozygous allele carriers for pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, but also for von Willebrand factor levels. Furthermore, the results indicated an additive effect between genotypes, even between the two most common A subgroups, A1 and A2. Additionally, we found that ABO contributed significantly to 39 plasma proteins, of which 23 have never been linked to the ABO locus before. These results show the need of incorporating ABO genotype information in the consultation and management of patients at risk, rather than classifying patients into blood groups.
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholders’ perceptions of value of nature-based interventions in promoting health in people with stress-related illness: a qualitative study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 83:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress-related illness is a common and increasing cause for sick leave in Sweden. Spending time in nature reduces stress and promotes health and well-being. Accordingly, nature-based interventions (NBI) for people with stress-related illness have been developed and implemented in southern Scandinavia; however, such interventions are uncommon in the Circumpolar North. Previous studies have examined the effects and experiences of participating in NBI, but research about different stakeholders’ perspectives on NBI is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore different key stakeholders’ perceptions of the value of NBI in promoting health in people with stress-related illness. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 persons with stress-related illness experience, 14 healthcare professionals, and 11 entrepreneurs offering NBI. Qualitative content analysis resulted in four categories: Providing opportunity for recovery, Offering new perspectives and opportunity for reflection, Empowering balance and control in life, and Enabling one to overcome barriers. Although the study was conducted in a region where NBI is not widely implemented, the different stakeholders expressed similar perceptions of the value of NBI, indicating that NBI may be a valuable complement to health care which reaches people with stress-related illness needs and promotes their health.
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| 40. |
- Johansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a shared image. Supervision in artistic research as acts of collaborative knowledge creation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acts of creation. Thoughts on artistic research supervision. - 9789187483165 ; , s. 73-89
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter departs from the question: How can the supervision of artistic research in music influence and promote agency for PhD candidates? Supervision is seen in the context of on-going institutional change and discussed as encompassing the following aspects: (i) making the candidate pass, (ii) conducting artistic collaborations, (iii) evaluating artistic development and quality, and (iv) creating a safety zone. It is suggested that supervision can be a dynamic meeting point for the combination of these aspects and result in collaborative knowledge creation. This is a long-term, collective process that both requires and results in individual growth, group development and a continuous rethinking of institutional self-image.
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| 41. |
- Johansson, Pierre, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment Based Information Needs in Manual Assembly
- 2017
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Ingår i: 24th International Conference on Production Research, ICPR 2017. - Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA : DEStech Publications. - 9781605955070 ; :ICPR 2017, s. 366-371
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To handle the complex and flexible manufacturing of today it is vital to have well functional information systems for the operators so that they know when, what and where to assemble. The current designs of assembly work instructions differ much between companies, but also between plants within the same company. The digitalization trends and initiatives such as Industry 4.0 show the manufacturing industry the advantages to incorporate new methods and tools into their businesses. Even though manufacturing IT systems are designed to be adaptive to product and volume changes, they are still widely characterized by their rigid structures. Making large changes to manufacturing IT systems with comprehensive structures is complex and requires large amounts of resources. Therefore, it is important for the manufacturing companies to make the correct investments. In previous studies, two current state analyses have been conducted with the aim to map manufacturing engineering processes and IT systems producing assembly work instructions in a mass customization context. This paper presents results from the third part of a longitudinal study which focuses on identifying operators’ information needs in manual assembly of heavy vehicles. This third study aims to identify the information gap between the current state and the wanted state by assessing information needs at 13 assembly stations in three plants belonging to a global production network. The purpose is to identify design requirements for future assembly information systems enabling the practical use of the digitalization.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Looking at the keyboard or the monitor : relationship with text production processes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Reading and writing. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 23:7, s. 835-851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explored text production differences in an expository text production task between writers who looked mainly at the keyboard and writers who looked mainly at the monitor. Eye-tracking technology and keystroke-logging were combined to systematically describe and define these two groups in respect of the complex interplay between text production and the reading of one's own emerging text. Findings showed that monitor gazers typed significantly faster and were more productive writers. They also read their own text more, and they frequently read in parallel with writing. Analysis of fixation durations suggests that more cognitive processing is in use during reading in parallel with writing than during reading in pauses. Keyboard gazers used the left and right cursor keys significantly more. We suggest that this is because they revised their texts in a much more serial mode than monitor gazers. Finally, analysis of the characteristics of the final texts showed no differences between the groups.
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| 44. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Reading during text production
- 2012
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Ingår i: Learning to write effectively. - : Brill Academic Publishers. ; , s. 359-363
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Reading during text production
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current trends in European Writing Research. - Bingley, UK : Emerald. ; , s. 359-361, s. 359-361
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Se upp och skriv snabbare!
- 2008
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Ingår i: Språk. ; :1, s. 20-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Se upp och vinn tid!
- 2008
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Ingår i: Språktidningen. - Stockholm : Språktidningen i Sverige. - 1654-5028. ; :1, s. 20-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den som mest tittar på tangenterna skriver långsammare än den som tittar på skärmen. Har blickens riktning också effekt på textens kvalitet?Var tittar du när du skriver? På tangenterna eller på skärmen? Vissa skribenter tittar mest på tangentbordet och vissa tittar mest på skärmen, men nästan alla tittar på tangentbordet ibland. Frågan är om det spelar någon roll för hur texten blir i slutändan.Vår forskargrupp i Lund beslöt att undersöka saken. Vi lät 28 studenter (utan läs- och skrivsvårigheter) skriva en text i ett program som spelade in alla tangentnedslag som gjordes under skrivandet. Samtidigt registrerade vi vad studenterna tittade på med hjälp av en ögonrörelsemätare fäst på en cykelhjälm.En första analys visade att skribenterna kunde delas in i två grupper: en som mest tittade på skärmen och en som mest tittade på tangentbordet. Vi kallar den första gruppen för skärmtittare och den andra för tangentbordstittare.
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