| 1. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n=1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 2. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Action planning in relation to movement performance in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recent research proposes problems with action planning as part of atypical motor functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although findings are inconsistent. This study investigated relations between action planning and movement performance in 6-year-old children with and without ASD.Patients and methods: 3D kinematic recordings of preferred arm/hand performance on a sequential peg rotation task with varying complexity of goal insertion (four endpoints and either visual or occluded goal display at onset) were conducted in 6 children with ASD (MAge = 6.4) and 6 typically developing (TD) controls (MAge = 6.5).Results: Analyses revealed significant (p < .05) group and task-endpoint differences for movement segmentation (number of movement units, MUs) and 3D movement distance. Children with ASD generally displayed more MUs and longer distances than controls and all children showed increased MUs and movement distance on more complex task-endpoints. TD controls showed significantly shorter movement initiation latency (MIL) durations than ASD in the visual condition and evidently longer MILs in the occluded than visual condition. In contrast, no difference between goal display conditions was shown for the ASD group.Conclusion: Children with ASD generally had longer movement distances and more segmented movements than controls, suggesting less efficient movement performance. Movement performance was not evidently affected by goal display condition in either group. However, the lack of MIL differences between goal display conditions within the ASD group indicates reduced pre-planning, possibly affecting movement execution efficiency.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical motor planning in an interpersonal context in 9-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- 2023
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Ingår i: 35th EACD Annual meeting European Academy of Childhood Disability. - : European Academy of Childhood Disability. ; , s. 254-254
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Motor planning deviances may negatively affect interpersonal motor interactions in ASD, although detailed studies are sparse. This study examined motor planning kinematics in an interpersonal and non-interpersonal context in 9-year-old children with ASD and neurotypical peers.Patients and methods: Twelve children with ASD and 17 controls performed two different sequential manual tasks (preferred hand): grasping and placing a peg on a wooden disc (non-interpersonal) or in the hand of an examiner (interpersonal). Three-dimensional kinematic recordings of arm/hand movements were performed. Group and task differences were explored for total movement duration (MD), and for peak velocity (PV) and placement of peak velocity (PPV) during reach-to-grasp and transport-to-place movements, respectively.Results: Task differences were found in terms of longer MD and higher transport-to-place-PV in the disc- compared to hand-task. An interaction effect was evident for reach-to-grasp-PPV, where the control-group, but not ASD, had earlier reach-to-grasp-PPV and longer relative deceleration in the hand-task compared to the disc-task.Conclusion: Results show that the interpersonal context influenced initial reach-to-grasp motor planning in the control-group, but not the ASD-group. Later in the sequential movement (transport-to-place), the interpersonal context seemed to influence motor planning independent of group. Taken together, this indicates support towards a more careful peg-placing in the interpersonal hand-task in the control-group but much less clearly so in the ASD-group.Relevance for users and families: Atypical motor planning may influence motor interaction with peers. Investigations of motor planning and movement organization in ASD could thus inform interventions also targeting interpersonal exchange.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery ability in 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Knowledge about motor imagery (MI) ability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is limited and inconclusive in young children with ASD. The aim of the current study was to investigate MI ability in 7-year-old children with ASD.Patients and methods: Thirteen children with ASD and 13 typically developing (TD) children performed a computerized hand laterality judgement task (HLJ) and a non-corporeal visual imagery (VI) control task. All participants passing a criterion test performed the tasks with images at 4 different rotational increments to vary the MI biomechanical demands (HLJ task) or VI angle rotational demands (VI task). Response times (RT) and accuracy were extracted.Results: Four children with ASD did not pass the HLJ criterion test and one failed the VI criterion test. The ASD-group had evidently more incorrect responses than TD on both tasks. Analyses of RT showed a biomechanical effect in the MI task and an angle increment effect in the VI task in both groups. Children with ASD had longer RT than TD children on VI but not MI tasks. Conclusion: Findings suggest that both the ASD and control children used MI to solve the HLJ task. However, failures to pass the HLJ criterion test and the increased error rate in the ASD group indicate that MI ability is weaker in young children with autism than TD controls. Notably, a large individual variability in employment of MI within the ASD group was found, ranging from functional, fractional but existing, to absent MI ability.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Motor planning and movement execution during goal-directed sequential manual movements in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder : A kinematic analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atypical motor functioning is prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Knowledge of the underlying kinematic properties of these problems is sparse.Aims: To investigate characteristics of manual motor planning and performance difficulties/diversity in children with ASD by detailed kinematic measurements. Further, associations between movement parameters and cognitive functions were explored.Methods and procedures: Six-year-old children with ASD (N = 12) and typically developing (TD) peers (N = 12) performed a sequential manual task comprising grasping and fitting a semi-circular peg into a goal-slot. The goal-slot orientation was manipulated to impose different motor planning constraints. Movements were recorded by an optoelectronic system.Outcomes and results: The ASD-group displayed less efficient motor planning than the TD-group, evident in the reach-to-grasp and transport kinematics and less proactive adjustments of the peg to the goal-slot orientations. The intra-individual variation of movement kinematics was higher in the ASD-group compared to the TD-group. Further, in the ASD-group, movement performance associated negatively with cognitive functions.Conclusions and implications: Planning and execution of sequential manual movements proved challenging for children with ASD, likely contributing to problems in everyday actions. Detailed kinematic investigations contribute to the generation of specific knowledge about the nature of atypical motor performance/diversity in ASD. This is of potential clinical relevance.
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| 9. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Visuomotor integration in action planning in 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Specia issue: Abstracts of the 34th annual meeting of the European Academy of Childhood Disability (EACD) Barcelona, Spain 18-21 May 2022. - : Mac Keith Press. ; , s. 65-65
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Difficulties with action planning and visuomotor integration may contribute to atypical motorfunctioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although detailed studies of sensorimotorintegration in action planning are sparse. This ongoing study investigates visuomotor integration in actionplanning in 7-year-old children with and without ASD.Patients and methods: A sub-sample of 6 children with ASD and 6 typically developing (TD) controls wereincluded. Recordings of gaze synchronized with 3D kinematic registration were made during performance of amanual sequential peg rotation task with variations in goal insertion complexity. Group differences and relations between movement duration and number of gaze shifts over the sequential movement phases(latency, reach-to-grasp, grasp, and transport-to-fit) were explored.Results: No significant group differences were found for either movement duration or number of gaze shifts.When controlling for the between-participants variance, total number of gaze shifts and number of gaze shiftsin reach-to-grasp were related to movement duration in the initial phases of the movement in the TD-group but not in the ASD-group.Conclusion: The results indicate that, whilst performance measures were similar between groups, the overallpattern of visuomotor integration was related to feed-forward movement processes in the sequentialmovement in the TD-group but not in the ASD-group. This finding adds support to previous suggestions thatvisuomotor integration underpinning action planning may operate differently in ASD. Synchronizedexamination of gaze and detailed movement registration appears as a promising methodology for detailed investigation of visuomotor integration in action planning.
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| 10. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Visuomotor integration in the development of action planning in children with autismspectrum disorder over the ages of 7-to 9-years-old
- 2024
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 66:S2, s. 68-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently display atypical motor functioning. This longitudinal study investigated atypical visuomotor integration in the development of action planning as one possible source.Participants and Methods: Fourteen children with ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) controls participated three times over the ages 7 (T1) to 9 (T3) years. 3D kinematic registrations were made during performance of a manual sequential peg-rotation task with either visible or occluded goal-display condition before onset. Time, condition, and group differences were analyzed on onset-latency, part peak velocity in reach-to-grasp (PPV-RtG), remaining angle of peg-rotation at goal (p-RA), and fitting-duration.Results: Time-point generated significant (p < 0.05) main effects for all variables. Stratifying by condition revealed shorter latency (both groups), higher PPV-RtG (visual-condition TD-group), lower p-RA (visual-condition TD-group; occluded-condition ASD-group), and shorter fitting-duration (visual-condition TD-group; occluded-condition both groups) with increasing age. Group generated significant main effects for fitting-duration. Stratifying by condition revealed longer fitting-durations (both conditions), and increased p-RA (occluded-condition at T1; visible-condition at T3) in the ASD-group. Condition generated significant main effects for all variables except fitting-duration. Stratifying by group revealed shorter latency (both groups), higher PPV-RtG (TD-group at T3), and reduced p-RA (TD-group at T3) in the visual-condition.Conclusions: The results show different sensory-motor integration in the children with ASD, characterized by not benefitting from pre-existing visual information in action planning in accordance with their TD peers, particularly evident at 9 years. Our findings, based on longitudinal data, support suggestions that visuomotor integration underpinning action planning may operate differently in ASD.
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| 11. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells to well-defined nanoscale topography in vitro
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of nanomedicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1176-9114 .- 1178-2013. ; 9:1, s. 2499-2515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patterning medical devices at the nanoscale level enables the manipulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration, with topographic features recognized as playing a significant role in the osseointegration of implantable devices. Methods: In this study, we assessed the ability of titanium-coated hemisphere-like topographic nanostructures of different sizes (approximately 50, 100, and 200 nm) to influence the morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results: We found that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was influenced by the size of the underlying structures, suggesting that size variations in topographic features at the nanoscale level, independently of chemistry, can be exploited to control hMSC behavior in a size-dependent fashion. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that colloidal lithography, in combination with coating technologies, can be exploited to investigate the cell response to well defined nanoscale topography and to develop next-generation surfaces that guide tissue regeneration and promote implant integration.
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| 12. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic characteristics of second‐order motor planning and performance in 6‐ and 10‐year‐old children and adults : Effects of age and task constraints
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302 .- 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 62:2, s. 250-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored age‐related differences in motor planning as expressed in arm‐hand kinematics during a sequential peg moving task with varying demands on goal insertion complexity (second‐order planning). The peg was a vertical cylinder with either a circular or semicircular base. The task was to transport the peg between two positions and rotate it various amounts horizontally before fitting into its final position. The amount of rotation required was either 0°, 90°, 180°, or −90°. The reaching for the peg, the displacement of it, and the way the rotation was accomplished was analyzed. Assessments of end state comfort, goal interpretation errors, and type of grip used were also included. Participants were two groups of typically developing children, one younger (Mage = 6.7 years) and one older (Mage = 10.3 years), and one adult group (Mage = 34.9 years). The children, particularly 6‐year‐olds, displayed less efficient prehensile movement organization than adults. Related to less efficient motor planning, 6‐year‐olds, mainly, had shorter reach‐to‐grasp onset latencies, higher velocities, and shorter time to peak velocities, and longer grasp durations than adults. Importantly, the adults rotated the peg during transport. In contrast, the children made corrective rotations after the hand had arrived at the goal.
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| 13. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential upper-limb action planning in children with autism spectrum disorder : a kinematic pilot study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 60:S2, s. 34-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recent research on sensory-motor skill in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest that problems with planning sequential actions may explain difficulties with motor execution in this population. The present pilot study investigated upper-limb movement kinematics during a goal-directed manual task requiring sequential action planning in children with and without ASD at 6-7 years.Patients and method: 3D kinematic recordings of performance with the preferred arm/hand during a sequential peg moving task with varying complexity of goal insertion (five endpoint conditions, open/revealed goal presentation) were carried out in 3 children with ASD (2 girls, mean age 6.3 years) and 3 typically developing children (3 girls, mean age 7 years). End state comfort and trial errors were also assessed.Results: Preliminary analyses of whole movement spatiotemporal segmentation (movement units, MUs) at trial level revealed significant main effects for group and endpoint condition. Overall, children with ASD consistently performed less proficiently (more MUs) than controls for all conditions across hand/arm and head. Independent of group, all children displayed increased MUs for the more complex endpoints. Children with ASD also showed evidently poorer planning behavior (less end state comfort and increased trial errors) than controls.Conclusion: Findings suggest difficulties with sequential movement planning in children with ASD in terms of suboptimal movement organization together with reduced end state comfort and inaccurate goal interpretations. In contrast to controls, children with ASD did not seem to have planned the onward action prior to action execution, contributing to the observed less proficient movement kinematics.
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of motor imagery in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder : a longitudinal study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a diagnosis based on social communication deficits and prevalence of repetitive stereotyped behaviors, but sensorimotor disturbances are commonly exhibited. This longitudinal study aimed at exploring the development of the ability to form mental motor representations (motor imagery; MI) in 14 children with ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) children at 7, 8 and 9 years of age. MI was investigated using a hand laterality paradigm from which response times (RT) and error rates were extracted and compared with performance on a visually based mental rotation task (VI). A criterion task was used to ensure that the children could perform the task. The results showed wide performance variability in the ASD group with more failures than TD in the MI criterion task, especially at 7 years. For all age levels and both the MI and VI tasks, the error rates were significantly higher and RTs longer for the ASD group compared with TD. Signs of MI strategies were however noted in the ASD group as biomechanically constrained orientations had longer RTs than less constrained orientations, a RT pattern that differed from the VI task. The presence of MI in the ASD group was most evident at 9 years, but the error rates remained high at all ages, both in the MI and VI task. In comparison, the TD group showed stable MI strategies at all ages. These findings indicate that MI ability is delayed and/or impaired in children with ASD which may be related to difficulties performing required mental rotations.
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| 15. |
- Johansson, Malin E V, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and functional role of the mucus layers in the intestine.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 68, s. 3635-3641
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In discussions on intestinal protection, the protective capacity of mucus has not been very much considered. The progress in the last years in understanding the molecular nature of mucins, the main building blocks of mucus, has, however, changed this. The intestinal enterocytes have their apical surfaces covered by transmembrane mucins and the whole intestinal surface is further covered by mucus, built around the gel-forming mucin MUC2. The mucus of the small intestine has only one layer, whereas the large intestine has a two-layered mucus where the inner, attached layer has a protective function for the intestine, as it is impermeable to the luminal bacteria.
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| 16. |
- Pelaseyed, Thaher, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Immunological Reviews. - : Wiley. - 0105-2896 .- 1600-065X. ; 260:1, s. 8-20
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gastrointestinal tract is covered by mucus that has different properties in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. The large highly glycosylated gel-forming mucins MUC2 and MUC5AC are the major components of the mucus in the intestine and stomach, respectively. In the small intestine, mucus limits the number of bacteria that can reach the epithelium and the Peyer's patches. In the large intestine, the inner mucus layer separates the commensal bacteria from the host epithelium. The outer colonic mucus layer is the natural habitat for the commensal bacteria. The intestinal goblet cells secrete not only the MUC2 mucin but also a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3. The goblet cells have recently been shown to have a novel gate-keeping role for the presentation of oral antigens to the immune system. Goblet cells deliver small intestinal luminal material to the lamina propria dendritic cells of the tolerogenic CD103+ type. In addition to the gel-forming mucins, the transmembrane mucins MUC3, MUC12, and MUC17 form the enterocyte glycocalyx that can reach about a micrometer out from the brush border. The MUC17 mucin can shuttle from a surface to an intracellular vesicle localization, suggesting that enterocytes might control and report epithelial microbial challenge. There is communication not only from the epithelial cells to the immune system but also in the opposite direction. One example of this is IL10 that can affect and improve the properties of the inner colonic mucus layer. The mucus and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract are the primary gate keepers and controllers of bacterial interactions with the host immune system, but our understanding of this relationship is still in its infancy.
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| 17. |
- Arike, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Protein Turnover in Epithelial Cells and Mucus along the Gastrointestinal Tract Is Coordinated by the Spatial Location and Microbiota
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 30:4, s. 1077-1087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gastrointestinal tract is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells that, together with the mucus layers, protect the underlying tissue from microbial invasion. The epithelium has one of the highest turnover rates in the body. Using stable isotope labeling, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and computational analysis, we report a comprehensive dataset of the turnover of more than 3,000 and the expression of more than 5,000 intestinal epithelial cell proteins, analyzed under conventional and germ-free conditions across five different segments in mouse intestine. The median protein half-life is shorter in the small intestine than in the colon. Differences in protein turnover rates along the intestinal tract can be explained by distinct physiological and immune-related functions between the small and large intestine. An absence of microbiota results in an approximately 1 day longer protein half-life in germ-free animals.
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| 18. |
- Austin, Thomas R., et al.
(författare)
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A plasma protein-based risk score to predict hip fractures
- 2024
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Ingår i: NATURE AGING. - 2662-8465.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As there are effective treatments to reduce hip fractures, identification of patients at high risk of hip fracture is important to inform efficient intervention strategies. To obtain a new tool for hip fracture prediction, we developed a protein-based risk score in the Cardiovascular Health Study using an aptamer-based proteomic platform. The proteomic risk score predicted incident hip fractures and improved hip fracture discrimination in two Tr & oslash;ndelag Health Study validation cohorts using the same aptamer-based platform. When transferred to an antibody-based proteomic platform in a UK Biobank validation cohort, the proteomic risk score was strongly associated with hip fractures (hazard ratio per s.d. increase, 1.64; 95% confidence interval 1.53-1.77). The proteomic risk score, but not available polygenic risk scores for fractures or bone mineral density, improved the C-index beyond the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX), which integrates information from clinical risk factors (C-index, FRAX 0.735 versus FRAX + proteomic risk score 0.776). The developed proteomic risk score constitutes a new tool for stratifying patients according to hip fracture risk; however, its improvement in hip fracture discrimination is modest and its clinical utility beyond FRAX with information on femoral neck bone mineral density remains to be determined. The authors developed a proteomic risk score that improved the prediction of hip fractures in three validation cohorts analyzed by two different proteomic platforms. This risk score constitutes a new tool to stratify patients by hip fracture risk.
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| 19. |
- Dahlström, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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Uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization in children at 6-9 years : Effects of a preterm birth
- 2014
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Ingår i: Congress Programme. 1st Clinical Movement Analysis Word Conference. ; , s. 110-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION and AIMPsychomotor deficits are more commonly reported among children born preterm (PT) than those born full-term (FT). Further, evidence exists for more covert motor problems in children born preterm at school age [1]. Such findings may be associated with a more immature spatiotemporal model of movements and lower cognitive functioning in children born PT than FT [2]. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gestational age (GA) on uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization and on cognitive functioning in children at school age.PATIENTS/MATERIALS and METHODSParticipants consisted of 88 children between 6-9 years of age (M = 7.7 years; 40 PT, 19 girls; 48 FT, 22 girls) without known developmental delays or deviations. Children born PT were divided into two subgroups: moderately PT (M-PT), 34-36 weeks’ gestation (GW), and very PT (V-PT), < 34 GW. Movement kinematics were examined during performance of a goal-directed task, where the participants pushed three buttons in a sequential order in two different directions (vertical or horizontal) with either the right or left hand (unimanual) and with both hands simultaneously (bimanual). Movements were recorded by a 6-camera movement registration system (240Hz, ProReflex) and the number of movement units (MUs) was derived from head, shoulders, elbow, and wrist movement velocity profiles. Cognitive function in terms of verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV).RESULTSOverall, a significant difference between the groups regarding number of MUs and FSIQ was found. In general, children born V-PT showed more MUs compared with the FT and M-PT group. Regardless of group, a significant higher amount of MUs was found in the bimanual condition than in the unimanual, and during horizontal movement performance in comparison with vertical. Furthermore, GA was significant negatively correlated with number of MUs for right and left wrist and right elbow, and also with FSIQ.DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that lower GAs are associated with both more segmented goal-directed arm movements as well as with lower general cognitive ability. During the more demanding tasks, i.e. bimanual and horizontal movements, this association became particularly evident, where the children born V-PT exhibited the greatest difficulties. Thus, this indicate immature spatio-temporal movement organization as a long-lasting effect of risk factors associated with a preterm birth, specifically for children born V-PT, that may be related to lower cognitive function. Further, limitations in kinematic degrees of freedom, leading to restricted amounts of solutions when solving a motor task, may also partly explain these findings.REFERENCES[1] Bracewell, M. & Marlow, N. (2002). Patterns of motor disability in very preterm children. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8(4), 241-248.[2] Domellöf, E., Johansson, A-M., Farooqi, A., Domellöf M. & Rönnqvist, L. (2013). Relations among upper-limb movement organization and cognitive function at school age in children born preterm. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(5), 344-352.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activations during execution and observation of visually guided sequential manual movements in autism and in typical development : A study protocol
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motor issues are frequently observed accompanying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Impaired motor behavior has also been linked to cognitive and social abnormalities, and problems with predictive ability have been suggested to play an important, possibly shared, part across all these domains. Brain imaging of sensory-motor behavior is a promising method for characterizing the neurobiological foundation for this proposed key trait. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developmental study, involving children/youth with ASD, typically developing (TD) children/youth, and neurotypical adults, will investigate brain activations during execution and observation of a visually guided, goal-directed sequential (two-step) manual task. Neural processing related to both execution and observation of the task, as well as activation patterns during the preparation stage before execution/observation will be investigated. Main regions of interest include frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortical areas, the human mirror neuron system (MNS), and the cerebellum.
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| 22. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activations during execution and observation of visually guided sequential manual movements in autism and in typical development: A study protocol
- 2024
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motor issues are frequently observed accompanying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Impaired motor behavior has also been linked to cognitive and social abnormalities, and problems with predictive ability have been suggested to play an important, possibly shared, part across all these domains. Brain imaging of sensory-motor behavior is a promising method for characterizing the neurobiological foundation for this proposed key trait. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developmental study, involving children/youth with ASD, typically developing (TD) children/youth, and neurotypical adults, will investigate brain activations during execution and observation of a visually guided, goal-directed sequential (two-step) manual task. Neural processing related to both execution and observation of the task, as well as activation patterns during the preparation stage before execution/observation will be investigated. Main regions of interest include frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortical areas, the human mirror neuron system (MNS), and the cerebellum.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Handedness in preterm born children : a systematic review and a meta-analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 49:9, s. 2299-2310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that left and/or non-right handedness (NRH) is over-represented in children with a history of preterm birth because such births are associated with a greater incidence of insult to the brain. We report an approximate two-fold increase in left and/or non-right handedness based on a systematic search of the literature from 1980 to September 2010 for English-language articles reporting handedness status in preterm children compared with fullterm controls either as a main focus of the study or as a secondary finding. In total, thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. However, there was a great variation between the included studies in terms of objectives, population characteristics, sample size and methodologies used. While the majority of studies reported a higher incidence of NRH in preterm than fullterm children, this was not a consistent finding. A quality assessment was made to explore the differences in overall study quality and handedness assessment methodology between studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was then performed to estimate the accumulated effect of preterm birth on handedness (18 studies; 1947 cases and 8170 controls). Preterm children displayed a significantly higher occurrence of NRH than fullterm children (odds ratio [OR]: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–2.78). Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by supplementary meta-analyses considering studies with high or low overall and handedness assessment quality. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test of the intercept and Duvall and Tweedie’s trim-and-fill method. The outcomes of these procedures did not jeopardize the overall finding of reliably increased OR for NRH in preterm children. The present review suggests that a preterm birth is indeed associated with a greater than two-fold likelihood of NRH. Several studies also explored the relationship between handedness and neuropsychological functioning (cognition mainly) with an array of methods. Although not without disagreement, this association was found to be concordant. Studying handedness in preterm children, therefore, is a potentially important index of hemispheric organization and cognitive and sensory–motor functions following neurodevelopmental disturbance.
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| 25. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Relations Among Upper-Limb Movement Organization and Cognitive Function at School Age in Children Born Preterm
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-206X .- 1536-7312. ; 34:5, s. 344-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore relations between aspects of upper-body spatiotemporal movement organization and intelligence in children born preterm at school age.Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic recordings of arm and head movements during a unimanual precision task were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, in a sample of 32 children born preterm (gestational age, mean: 31.5 weeks [range: 22-35 weeks]; birth weight, mean: 1699 g [range: 404-2962 g]) at 6 years to 8 years with no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments compared with 40 age-matched control children born fullterm.Results: In the children born preterm, upper-limb movement duration and segmentation of movement trajectories were significantly associated with full-scale intelligence quotient independent of gestational age (GA) and sex. These effects pertained to the preferred side, characterized by more effective movement organization being linked with increased intelligence scores. The same relations were not seen in the controls. Within the children born preterm, a significant effect of GA was also found for some aspects of upper-limb movement organization. Full-scale intelligence quotient was within normal limits for both groups but significantly lower in the preterm (mean: 94.5 [range: 72-120]) compared with the fullterm (mean: 101.7 [range: 76-119]) born children.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that, independent of GA, the spatiotemporal organization of upper-limb movements is partly associated with cognitive performance in children born preterm.
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| 26. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between cognitive performance and movement organization in preterm children at 6 to 8 years old
- 2011
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53 (Suppl. s3). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622. ; , s. 45-45
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explore the relations between cognitive performance and spatio-temporal organization of upper-body movements in preterm children at school age compared with full-term peers.Background: Neuromotor disabilities and lowered cognitive performance are frequently reported in school-aged preterm children. A few studies have also reported associations between intelligence and motor skill outcomes in this population as assessed by standardized test batteries. At present, however, there is no knowledge of how measures of intelligence relate to more refined measurements of movement quality in preterm children.Design/Method: In the present study, performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) was related to optoelectronic registrations (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) of arm movement performance during a unimanual precision task in a sample of preterm children at 6 to 8 years (n=31) compared with typically developing full-term children (n=36).Results: A significant group effect was revealed for Fullscale IQ, indicating poorer overall performance on the WISC-IV by preterm (mean 95.1) than full-term (mean 103.5) participants. The same pattern was apparent for both the Verbal and Performance indexes and the majority of the sub-tests. Correlation analyses were performed to test the associations between cognitive performance and spatiotemporal movement parameters. Several findings emerged from this procedure and will be presented, including significant relations between Full-scale IQ and movement segmentation at both the proximal and distal level in preterm but not full-term participants.Conclusions: Measures of WISC-IV appear significantly associated with kinematic outcome measures in schoolaged preterm children in terms of better cognitive performance being linked with better movement organization. The same associations were not seen in the age- and sexmatched full-term group. This type of investigation adds to the understanding of relations between cognitive and motor performance in the context of movement organization, coordination, and control depending on birth history.
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| 27. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk for Behavioral Problems Independent of Cognitive Functioning in Children Born at Low Gestational Ages
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2360. ; 8:311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioral outcomes in relation to gestational age (GA) in school-aged children born preterm (PT). Results from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were analyzed in 51 children (mean age: 7.8 years [range: 7.0–8.7]) born PT (mean GA: 31 weeks [range: 23–35]; birth weight, mean: 1,637 g [range:404–2,962]) with the majority (96%) having no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments. The control group included 57 age-matched typically developing children (mean age: 7.9 years [range: 6.2–8.7]) born full-term (FT). Children born PT, extremelyPT (GA < 28) in particular, showed significantly lower cognitive performance and higher behavioral problem scores compared with children born FT. GA was found to predict aspects of both cognitive functioning and behavioral problems within the PT group, with lower GA being related to both poorer cognitive outcomes and elevated affective and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems. Global cognitive functioning did not independently predict aspects of behavioral outcomes. Findings demonstrate that, even in children born PT without severe perinatal and/or postnatal complications and receiving active perinatal care, a short gestation is an evident risk factor for long-term negative effects on mental health independent of cognitive functioning. Additional findings suggest that both reduced growth and lower parental educational level may contribute to increased risk for poorer cognitive and behavioral functioning in children born PT.
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| 28. |
- Einarsson, Sandra, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Thinking and re-thinking : a qualitative study of university teachers' perspectives on the development process for a new online interprofessional education curriculum in a Swedish higher education institution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies in Education. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 1891-5914 .- 1891-5949. ; 43:3, s. 225-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to reflect on the experience of working collaboratively across education programmes, departments, and faculties from the perspective of university teachers at a higher education institution. Nine teachers from five programmes working together to develop a new curriculum for interprofessional education (IPE) participated in a focus group discussion. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings suggest that teacher experiences can be understood in terms of teamwork processes valued from both professional and IPE experiential variations within the group. Since findings illustrate pedagogical collaboration across department and faculty boundaries, they can inspire teachers who are planning a similar process.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Gudmundsson, Sanna, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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TAF1, associated with intellectual disability in humans, is essential for embryogenesis and regulates neurodevelopmental processes in zebrafish
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 (TAF1) protein is a key unit of the transcription factor II D complex that serves a vital function during transcription initiation. Variants of TAF1 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but TAF1's molecular functions remain elusive. In this study, we present a five-generation family affected with X-linked intellectual disability that co-segregated with a TAF1 c. 3568C>T, p.(Arg1190Cys) variant. All affected males presented with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features, while heterozygous females were asymptomatic and had completely skewed X-chromosome inactivation. We investigated the role of TAF1 and its association to neurodevelopment by creating the first complete knockout model of the TAF1 orthologue in zebrafish. A crucial function of human TAF1 during embryogenesis can be inferred from the model, demonstrating that intact taf1 is essential for embryonic development. Transcriptome analysis of taf1 zebrafish knockout revealed enrichment for genes associated with neurodevelopmental processes. In conclusion, we propose that functional TAF1 is essential for embryonic development and specifically neurodevelopmental processes.
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| 31. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between motor skills, cognitive function and birth immaturitly in school-aged children born preterm
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Within the framework of an ongoing longitudinal study, relations between motor skills and cognitive function in 7-8-year-old preterm born children were investigated.BACKGROUND: Motor and cognitive problems have been suggested to be the two major sequalea of a preterm birth. Global and selective deficit of neuromotor and executive functions have been found within this group of children at school age. However, few studies haveinvestigated the associations between motor skills andcognitive function in relation toweeks of gestation (GW) and birth weight (BW).DESIGN/METHOD: Children (n = 18) born between 25-34 GW performed the Movement-ABC 2 (M-ABC 2) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV). Scaled scores from M-ABC 2 (hand function, ball handling skills, static- and dynamic balance, total score) were correlated with indexes derived from the WISC-IV (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, full scale intelligence quotient [FSIQ]), GW and BW.RESULTS: The majority of children had mild to moderate general motor impairments (n = 10) where hand function was most affected (n = 15). FSIQ was somewhat below the norm (M = 95) where working memory (WM) was most impaired (M = 87). Further, associations between motor skills (apart from balance) and processing speed was shown, FSIQ was related to GW, and BW to WM, perceptual reasoning and FSIQ. Most of the associations remained even when excluding two children with a diagnosis of hemiplegic cerebral palsy.CONCLUSIONS: No direct relationships between GW/BW and motor skills were shown. However, the associations found suggest that cognitive function may be a mediating factor between birth status and motor skills. Other analytical methods requiring larger study samples are needed to verify such causality.
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Finger movement control and associated brain activity responses post-stroke
- 2016
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Ingår i: XXI ISEK Congress.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: Impaired finger dexterity is common after stroke, often affecting activities of daily living. Knowledge of kinematic characteristics and of underlying neurological mechanisms of such impairments is important to understand functional recovery. This study aims to investigate finger movement control and related brain activity patterns post-stroke (PS).METHODS: Data from a subsample including 9 participants PS with residual hemiparesis affecting manual dexterity (M age- 66; 3 female) and 12 able-bodied control (C) participants (M age- 65; 3 female) were analyzed. Two series of self-paced cyclic finger extension-flexion movements in random order were performed for each hand (4 series with vision, V, and 4 without vision, NV). Optoelectronic cameras monitored the 3D movement of markers affixed to the fingertips. Motion data was used to calculate each finger's individuation index (II), reflecting movement independence, each finger's Stationarity index (SI), reflecting the ability to keep the finger still while another moves [1] and Movement frequency (MF). Functional magnetic resonance imaging, with simultaneous movement recording, was used to investigate brain activity patterns in relation to the kinematic parameters. II, SI, MF and the effect of vision were analyzed for the 4th digit.RESULTS: A factorial ANOVA 2 [group] x 2 [condition] x 2 [side] x [index type] showed an effect for group (p < .0001; PS < C); condition (p < .01; NV < V); side (p < .0001; affected/non-preferred < non-affected/preferred); and index type (p < .0001; SI < II). An interaction between group and side (p < .01) showed that indices of the affected side were lower compared to the non-affected side within the PS group and compared to both sides in the C group. No significant effects were apparent for MF but significant correlations were found between the indices and MF that were restricted to the PS group alone (over all conditions- r = -0.22; p < .01; within the NV condition- r = -0.19; p < .01; within the affected side r = -0.15; p < .05; and within the SI categorization r = -0.14; p < .05). Furthermore, within NV for the non-affected hand on the SI alone (r = -0.54; p < .05). All indicate that slower movements had higher indices.DISCUSSION: The associations between slower MF and higher index values within the PS group were located to conditions with increased difficulty (NV, affected side, and SI). Thus, reducing speed may be a selected strategy to increase control of finger movements PS when the demand on motor control is high. Further, with the applied calculation of finger movement independence we were able detect group differences, side differences within the PS group, and a positive effect of vision of the hands during performance. This indicates that this calculation is a sensitive measure that could be used to study the effects of stroke and to monitor progression in motor recovery. [1] Häger-Ross & Schieber, 2000, J Neurosci 20:8542-50
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of visual feedback, hand dominance and sex on individuated finger movements
- 2021
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 239:6, s. 1911-1928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to perform individual finger movements, highly important in daily activities, involves visual monitoring and proprioception. We investigated the influence of vision on the spatial and temporal control of independent finger movements, for the dominant and non-dominant hand and in relation to sex. Twenty-six healthy middle-aged to old adults (M age = 61 years; range 46–79 years; females n = 13) participated. Participants performed cyclic flexion–extension movements at the metacarpophalangeal joint of one finger at a time while keeping the other fingers as still as possible. Movements were recorded using 3D optoelectronic motion technique (120 Hz). The movement trajectory distance; speed peaks (movement smoothness); Individuation Index (II; the degree a finger can move in isolation from the other fingers) and Stationarity Index (SI; how still a finger remains while the other fingers move) were extracted. The main findings were: (1) vision only improved the II and SI marginally; (2) longer trajectories were evident in the no-vision condition for the fingers of the dominant hand in the female group; (3) longer trajectories were specifically evident for the middle and ring fingers within the female group; (4) females had marginally higher II and SI compared with males; and (5) females had fewer speed peaks than males, particularly for the ring finger. Our results suggest that visual monitoring of finger movements marginally improves performance of our non-manipulative finger movement task. A consistent finding was that females showed greater independent finger control compared with males.
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-
(författare)
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Sensorimotor behavior in children born preterm and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy : Side preference, movement organization, and training
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Preterm birth (< 37 complete gestation weeks, GWs) is the single most prominent risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy (CP). This is due to the immature physiological state of the preterm born infant which increases the risk of brain lesions. In CP, prominent sensorimotor, cognitive, and perceptual deviations are manifested with varying degrees of functional impairment. Although most children born preterm (PT) do not develop CP, sensorimotor and cognitive deficits are frequently reported in the absence of major disability. To date, few studies have focused on detailed kinematic analysis of upper-body goal-directed movements and how aspects of movement organization and control are related to hand preference, intellectual function, gestational age, and sex within groups of prematurely born children. Further, studies evaluating effects of sensorimotor training in persons with CP is needed and of importance as positive effects on movement performance may increase individual autonomy as a consequence.To investigate the prevalence of non-right hand preference within children born preterm (PT) in comparison to children born fullterm (FT), a meta-analysis and literature review were performed (study I). It was shown that children born PT had increased rates of non-right handedness (NRH) corresponding to 22% compared to 12% in the FT group (odds ratio 2.12). In study II, hand preference and side specific movement performance in children born PT (. 35 GWs) compared to an age matched group of children born FT were investigated. All included participants were 4-8 years of age without major disability. Movement performance was studied through detailed kinematic registrations of the head, arm, and hand during a goal-directed task and hand preference through observations of the hand used when manipulating different objects. On a group level, the children born PT, specifically those born < 33 GWs, showed an increased rate of NRH, weaker strength of hand preference, and a lack of side specificity in terms of movement kinematics. In general, the children born < 33 GWs also displayed poorer movement organization and control as expressed by longer durations, less smooth and longer distances of the movement trajectories. These findings imply that preterm birth has long term effects on sensorimoror organization and function, possibly reflecting a developmental delay and/or a persistent effect that may be associated with the increased risk of deviations in brain development.In study III, associations between movement performance, assessed with the same task as in study II, and intellectual function (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th ed; WISC-IV) were studied. This study included a subsample of the children from study II at 6-8 years of age. The results showed a link between movement organization and general intellectual functioning (IQ), when controlling for effects of GA and sex, for the PT born but not the FT born children. These findings suggest shared neural underpinnings and interrelated development of motor and intellectual functions.In study IV, kinematic analysis of upper-body movements and subjective experience of change in upper-body function were applied before and after a period of synchronized metronome training (SMT) in adolescents with varying degree of CP to study the effects of this type of training. The SMT method applied entailed elements of movement timing and rhythmic activation coupled with feedback and was hypothesized to train sensorimotor integration. It was found that SMT did improve, to varying degrees, the organization and control of movements in adolescents with CP. The participants with more severe forms of CP reported substantial effects in daily living activities. The observed effects of SMT warrant further study of specific effects on movement planning, biomechanical constraints, and attention.The relation between hand preference and movement performance, movement performance and intellectual function, and aspects related to the SMT method applied in study IV are discussed. Specifically, the lack of side specific movement organization within the group of children born PT is discussed from perspectives of motor learning, plasticity, and genetics. The relations between movement performance and intellectual functions are considered and ideas for how this association could be tested are given. With relation to study IV, the functions trained by the specific SMT method applied and the accessibility of individuals with different degree of CP is discussed. Methodological considerations and ideas for future research approaches within these areas are presented.
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and long-term effects of synchronized metronome training in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy : a two case study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 15:2, s. 160-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) require individualized long-term management to maintain and improve motor functions. The objective of this study was to explore potential effects of synchronized metronome training (SMT) on movement kinematics in two children diagnosed with spastic hemiplegic CP (HCP).Method: Both children underwent 4-weeks/12 sessions of SMT by means of the Interactive Metronome (IM). Optoelectronic registrations of goal-directed uni- and bimanual upper-limb movements were made at three occasions; pre-training, post completed training and at 6-months post completed training.Results: Significant changes in kinematic outcomes following IM training were found for both cases. Findings included smoother and shorter movement trajectories in the bimanual condition, especially for the affected side. In the unimanual condition, Case I also showed increased smoothness of the non-affected side.Conclusions: The observed short- and long-term effects on the spatio-temporal organization of upper-limb movements need to be corroborated and extended by further case-control studies.
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| 37. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and long-term effects of timing training in young people with cerebral palsy : a kinematic approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52 (Suppl. 4) Brussles, Belgium May 27-29, 2010. - : Wiley Online library. ; , s. 23-24
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactive Metronomea (IM) is a multi-modal integration training method based on rhythmic activation of movements in synchronization with a tone where error feedback is provided via auditory and visual cues. However, there is a need for detailed evaluations of this method to verify functional improvements inCP.Here we explored individual effects of IM in five young individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) of different severity. IM training consisted of a 4-week (12 sessions) individually customised program including bilateral and unilateral movements of upper- and lower-extremities. To establish short- and long-term effects, goal-directed upper-limb movements were examined by using a six optoelectronic camera system (240Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) at three time points, before and at two following occasions (post-test I; post-test II) after IM training. At post-test I, timing ability was improved in the majority of participants. Kinematic analyses revealed shorter total task durations for all but one individual. Reduced segmentation ofmovements and increased velocity, especially on the more distal parts of the upper extremities, were also observed. No effects were evident on cumulative distance, primarily indicating training effects on temporal movement properties. At post-test II, 6 months after post-test I, most of the participantsmaintained their improved timing ability. The observed changes in kinematic properties suggests that timing training is promising for improving motor control in young individuals with CP. Further studies involving larger samples are required to corroborate and extend the present findings, particularly regarding the neural mechanisms involved in mediating motor improvements following IMtraining.
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| 38. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-temporal aspects of upper-limb goal-directed movements and relations to perinatal factors in preterm 4-year-old children
- 2011
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the Europeans Academy of Childhood Disability. - : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 37-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This ongoing quasi-longitudinal study is aimed at the investigation of spatio-temporal properties of goaldirected upper limb movements in 4-year-old children born preterm, compared to age- and sex-matched children born at term. Further, relations between movement quality, in terms of coordination and control, and perinatal factors are of interest.Background: Several studies have shown substantial and persistent motor dysfunction in children born preterm, with no known neurological impairment, at school age. Few studies have, however, investigated parameters related to movement control and coordination and their possible perinatal associations with detailed measurement methods in children at 4 years of age.Design/Method: Performances with the left and right armhand during a unimanual continuous sequential precision task were registered by a 6-camera optoelectronic tracking system (240 Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.). Information with regard to spatial and temporal parameters of the movement trajectories was extracted.Results: Preliminary results from analyses of kinematic data show longer duration and more spatio-temporal segmentations of the movement trajectory in the preterm group compared to their peers. Analyses of associations between kinematic outcome data and perinatal factors will further be investigated.Conclusions: These results indicate that the 4-year-old children born preterm, as compared to term born controls, have affected neuromotor function as indicated by kinematic properties related to coordination and control. Further analyses will reveal whether these findings are associated with specific perinatal factors.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Näslund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention (VIPVIZA) : a pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 393:10167, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease often fails because of poor adherence among practitioners and individuals to prevention guidelines. We aimed to investigate whether ultrasound-based pictorial information about subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, targeting both primary care physicians and individuals, improves prevention.METHODS: Visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention (VIPVIZA) is a pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial that was integrated within the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, an ongoing population-based cardiovascular disease prevention programme in northern Sweden. Individuals aged 40, 50, or 60 years with one or more conventional risk factors were eligible to participate. Participants underwent clinical examination, blood sampling, and ultrasound assessment of carotid intima media wall thickness and plaque formation. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 with a computer-generated randomisation list to an intervention group (pictorial representation of carotid ultrasound plus a nurse phone call to confirm understanding) or a control group (not informed). The primary outcomes, Framingham risk score (FRS) and European systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE), were assessed after 1 year among participants who were followed up. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01849575.FINDINGS: 3532 individuals were enrolled between April 29, 2013, and June 7, 2016, of which 1783 were randomly assigned to the control group and 1749 were assigned to the intervention group. 3175 participants completed the 1-year follow-up. At the 1-year follow-up, FRS and SCORE differed significantly between groups (FRS 1·07 [95% CI 0·11 to 2·03, p=0·0017] and SCORE 0·16 [0·02 to 0·30, p=0·0010]). FRS decreased from baseline to the 1-year follow-up in the intervention group and increased in the control group (-0·58 [95% CI -0·86 to -0·30] vs 0·35 [0·08 to 0·63]). SCORE increased in both groups (0·13 [95% CI 0·09 to 0·18] vs 0·27 [0·23 to 0·30]).INTERPRETATION: This study provides evidence of the contributory role of pictorial presentation of silent atherosclerosis for prevention of cardiovascular disease. It supports further development of methods to reduce the major problem of low adherence to medication and lifestyle modification.
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| 42. |
- Rodríguez-Piñeiro, Ana María, et al.
(författare)
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Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. II. Gastrointestinal mucus proteome reveals Muc2 and Muc5ac accompanied by a set of core proteins.
- 2013
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 305:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mucus that protects the surface of the gastrointestinal tract is rich in specialized O-glycoproteins called mucins, but little is known about other mucus proteins or their variability along the gastrointestinal tract. To ensure that only mucus was analyzed, we combined collection from explant tissues mounted in perfusion chambers, liquid sample preparation, single-shot mass spectrometry, and specific bioinformatics tools, to characterize the proteome of the murine mucus from stomach to distal colon. With our approach, we identified ∼1,300 proteins in the mucus. We found no differences in the protein composition or abundance between sexes, but there were clear differences in mucus along the tract. Noticeably, mucus from duodenum showed similarities to the stomach, probably reflecting the normal distal transport. Qualitatively, there were, however, fewer differences than might had been anticipated, suggesting a relatively stable core proteome (∼80% of the total proteins identified). Quantitatively, we found significant differences (∼40% of the proteins) that could reflect mucus specialization throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Hierarchical clustering pinpointed a number of such proteins that correlated with Muc2 (e.g., Clca1, Zg16, Klk1). This study provides a deeper knowledge of the gastrointestinal mucus proteome that will be important in further understanding this poorly studied mucosal protection system.
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| 43. |
- Röijezon, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Handen och underarmen
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Motorisk kontroll och inlärning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144074177 ; , s. 247-258
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den stora variation av uppgifter som människohanden kan utföra kräver god sensomotorisk funktion. Därför kan muskuloskeletala besvär med störningar i handens sensoriska och motoriska funktioner inverka stort på individens förmåga och delaktighet, i såväl arbetsliv som fritid. Handens funktion är också tätt förknippad med underarmens och armbågens anatomi och funktion; därför omfattar detta kapitel besvärstillstånd i både hand, underarm och armbåge. Först beskrivs översiktligt sensomotoriska funktionsstörningar som rapporterats vid några specifika diagnoser, därefter följer exempel på metoder för undersökning och träning av sensomotorisk funktion.
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| 44. |
- Röijezon, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Handens sensomotoriska funktion
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Motorisk kontroll och inlärning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144074177 ; , s. 91-106
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Handen med alla dess mångfasetterade funktioner har central betydelse för människors vardagsaktiviteter, både i hemmet, i yrkesarbetet och på fritiden. Genom sin unika konstruktion, med bland annat opposition av tummen mot övriga fingrar möjliggörs ett flertal olika grepp och ändamålsenlig manipulation. Handen är även viktig för vår uppfattning om vår omvärld samt för vårt kroppsspråk och vår kommunikation. Handens särställning vad gäller såväl sensorisk som motorisk funktion exemplifieras av den relativt sett stora representation som handen har i såväl sensoriska som motoriska kortex. I detta kapitel presenteras handens funktionella anatomi och sensomotoriska funktioner.
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| 45. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of myelin and brain volumes at early school-age: long-term effects of a preterm birth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 60:S2, s. 20-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Structural and functional alterations in white matter architecture are common described in children born preterm (PT) and associated to behavioral implications. Still, how critical gestational immaturity may associate with later myelination is less studied. This study aimed to explore the influence and associations between gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) in children born PT compared with fullterm (FT), on quantitative values of brain myelin and volumes.Patients and methods: Participants included 60 children (mean age = 8.2 years) categorized based on GA (weeks); ranging from 25 - 35.4 in PTs (N=27); 38 - 41.9 in FTs (N=33). Volumetric brain measures were conducted by a 3.0-Tesla MRI-scanner and synthetic MRI (SyMRI) acquisition sequence, including synthesis of contrast weighted images. Automatic segmentation of total brain tissues (intracranial [ICV] and parenchymal [BPV] volume [ml]) generated gray-matter (GM), white-matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and total myelin volume.Result: Children born extremely PT (<27GW) displayed reductions of total BPV and WM compared to FTs, less myelinated content than very PT (VPT; < 32GW) and moderately PT (MPT; <36GW), and significant more CSF than FT-born. Significant positive correlation between respectively increasing GA (r= .48) and BW (r= .53) and amount of myelinated content were found for the PT-born.Conclusion: Detection of diversity regarding myelination and brain-volumes and associations to risk factors related to gestational immaturity may be useful for increased understanding of long-term effects of degree of prematurity and allowing future investigations of how interventions effects brain myelination (and plasticity) in children born PT.
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| 46. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between brain volumes, myelin and upper-limb kinematics in children born preterm
- 2019
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 61:S2, s. 53-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Long-term outcomes linked to preterm (PT) births have generally found an increased amount of neuromotor-developmental delays and/or disabilities. Few studies have addressed how upper-limb kinematics associates with brain volumes and myelination. This study aimed to investigate such possible relationships within children born PT compared with term-born controls at early school age, in relation to gestational age (GA) and birth-weight (BW).Material and methods: This sub-study, part of a multidisciplinary project exploring long-term effects of PT births, included 27 children (Mean age= 8.2y) born PT (Mean GA= 32-weeks, range 22-35), and 33 age-matched born term. Kinematics of task-specific head and bi-/uni-manual upper-limb-movements was measured by a 3D-registration system (ProReflex). Brain volumes and myelin content were investigated by a 3-Tesla, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scanner with a 7-min Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) acquisition-sequence.Results: Significantly (p < .05) less efficient upper-limb kinematics with more segmented and longer movement paths was found in PT-born compared with term-born, particularly evident for those extremely-/very PT-born (<32 GA). Smaller total brain volumes and regional white-matter reduction with less myelin were significantly correlated with more segmented and longer arm- and head-trajectories, and with lower GA and BW.Discussion-conclusion: The present findings show that an extremely- and very-PT-birth may cause long-term effects on neuromotor-mechanisms involved in goal-directed movements and that these effects are associated with generally delayed brain development and myelination. Additionally, SyMRI stands out as a suitable and cost-effective method for longitudinal/follow-up of brain development and changes, reducing distress in children due to a decreased scan time.
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| 47. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive performance and behavioral functions in relation to gestational age (GA) at birth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 57:Suppl s4, s. 21-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:It is well established that a very preterm birth (PT) relates to increased behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and associations between different gestational ages (GA) at birth (term, late-to-extreme) and later functions. This study is part of an ongoing, longitudinal project.Participants and Methods:Test outcomes from WISC-IV and Achenbach’s Child-Behavior-Checklist (CBCL) in children tested at 7-8-years (M=7.7) were used to investigate group differences as effect of GA at birth. In total, 64 preterm born (PT), GA range 22-36, (divided into groups of 14 extremely-PT/EPT, 17 very-PT/VPT, and 33 moderately PT/MPT) and 64 term born (TB), were included. Additionally, associations between GA, birth weight (BW), and outcomes from WISC-IV and CBCL were investigated.Results:Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) revealed significantly (p < .05) poorer WISC outcomes on Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, and on Full-Scale-IQ for children born EPT/VPT in comparison to MPT and TB born. Parents’ CBCL ratings reveled that EPT children had significantly higher prevalence of Attention problems, Thought problems, Aggressive and Somatic complaints. Including the PT-group only shown significant positive correlations between GA/BW respectively and full scale IQ. Higher GA/BW was related to increasing IQ scores. Significant negative correlations were seen between GA/BW respectively and TotProblem/CBCL-scale. Additionally, CBCL/DSM-Oriented Scales; Adhd-, Opposite-, and Conduct-Problems correlated significantly negative with GA/BW in the PT-born children.Conclusion:Our study provides further support for associations between increased risk of cognitive and behavior problems with decreasing GA/BW at birth.
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| 48. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Corpus callosum white matter microstructures links to cognitive performance and functional laterality in preterm and term born children
- 2022
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 64:S3, s. 46-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Knowledge is lacking concerning long-term influences of preterm birth on action-cognition integrations related to corpus callosum (CC) maturation/myelination. Here, we investigate long-term-effects of preterm-birth on CC microstructures/organization in relation to cognition and functional-laterality.Patients and methods: The sample included 82 children, 41 term-born (M-age=8.1y), and 41 preterm-born (M-age=8.2y); subdivided into V-PT, (GA=25–32w, N=23), and M-PT, (GA=33–35w, N=18), without major brain-deficits. DTI performed in 3T-MRI-scanners, generated maps of CC Genu, Truncus, Splenium (FA, MD, AD, RD-values). Results from WISC-IV (verbal-comprehension-VCI, perceptual-reasoning-PRI, working-memory-WM, processing-speed-PS, FSIQ), and Laterality-index (hand-, foot-, eye-preference) were analyzed related to DTI-outcomes.Results: Significant group difference found regarding CC-FA-values (F(2,79)=5,3527, p=.006), post-hoc-test showed that VPT differed from term (p=.015) and MPT-born (p=.016), by lower FA-Genu, Truncus, Splenium. This pattern also found for MD, RD, and AD-values. Positive-correlations (p<.01) found between GA and all CC-FA-values, and negatively for all MD, RD and AD-Splenium. VPT-born showed lower (p=.005) FSIQ (M=93) than term (M=103). Correlations (p<.05) found between WM and CC-FA-values in Genu for VPT-born, and between CC-FA-values in Genu, Truncus and PRI-index (p<.01) for term-born. VPT-born showed lower Hand- and overall-laterality-index than term and MPT, and no significant correlations between laterality-index and CC-values. Term and MPT-children showed positive correlations (p<.01) between decreasing overall-laterality-index and FA-values, and negative for MD-Splenum, RD-Splenium and RD-Truncus. Conclusion: DTI revealed evidence for long-term impact of very-premature birth on CC related to atypical hemispheric maturation and behavioral integrations compared to term-born controls. The findings highlight importance of including functional-laterality to models investigating brain white-matter-microstructures.
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| 49. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic analysis of sequential goal-directed movements in at-risk, preterm born children
- 2013
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Ingår i: 22nd Annual Meeting of European Society for Movement Analysis in Adult and Children (ESMAC). - Glasgow, Scotland. ; , s. 53-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION and AIM: The aim of this study was to conduct kinematic analyses of sequential upper-limb movements in order to isolate different kinematic parameters that might explain the sensory-motor-functional deficits and delays commonly observed in children born preterm (PT). Quantitative analyses of reaching movements in PT infants [1] have revealed some promising results in characterizing the influence of a premature birth on movement control. Also, recent findings from studies using kinematic measurements on children with mild and moderate hemiplegic cerebral palsy [2, 3] show that kinematic measurements are valuable for making distinctions between even minor movement coordination problems and for identification of sensory-motor impairments. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge of how a preterm birth may effect long-term neuromotor development and few have investigated such effects by means of kinematics. PATIENTS/MATERIALS and METHODS: This kinematic study is part of a more comprehensive, longitudinal project with the goal of exploring the relationship between brain development/deviation and sensory-motor performance in children born PT. Participants consist of 148 children aged between 4–8 years; sixty-eight PT (<35 weeks’ gestation age (GA), range, 22-35, M = 31.7, SD = 3.4; 30 girls) with no diagnosed impairments, and eighty age matched children born full-term (FT) without medical problems (M age at testing = 6.7, SD = 1.8; 36 girls). The children performed goal-directed unimanual upper-limb task with respective hand, where small beads were picked by use of pincer-grip and threaded onto a rod sequentially. The children were informed to pick and thread as many beads as possible, one bead at the time, during a pre-set recording time of 30 seconds. The upper-limb movements were recorded by a six camera optoelectronic system (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc., Gothenburg, Sweden). The 3D data (extracted from head-, shoulder-, elbow- and wrist-markers) were further analysed by use of customized MATLAB scripts. To analyse possible effect of GA the PT children were divided into two sub-groups: moderately preterm (M-PT) = GA 33-35, n = 35 and very preterm (V-PT) = GA <32+6, n = 30. RESULTS: The kinematic outcomes analysed by MANOVAs, with side (preferred/ non-preferred) and group (FT, M-PT and V-PT) as categorical predictors, indicating significant group differences in most of the kinematic parameters investigated (e.g., movement duration, 3D distance and segmentation). Differences were mainly evident in the group classified as V-PT compared with M-PT and FT children. Significant correlations between children’s testing age and their kinematic outcomes were also shown within all groups (FT, M-PT and V-PT). These relations were characterized by decreased movement duration, 3D distance and movement segmentation with age. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS: Investigating kinematic outcome parameters of upper-limb goal-directed movements confirms that a PT birth, especially a very PT birth, seems to have a long-term effect on children’s motor functions. In the present study, this was shown by means of less proficient spatiotemporal organization during sequentially performed goal-directed movements in the children born PT in comparison to the FT children. In conclusion, the kinematic movement registrations/analysis offers a reliable, non-invasive method to detect even subtle neuromotor developmental delay and/or abnormality. Thus, the method provides a unique possibility to investigate a number of crucial issues in relation to cerebral abnormalities and sensory-motor development in at-risk children.REFERENCES[1] Fallang, B., Saugstad, O. D., Grogaard, J., & Hadders-Algra, M. (2003). Kinematic quality of reaching movements in preterm infants. Pediatric Research, 53, 836-842.[2] Domellöf, E., Rösblad, B., & Rönnqvist, L. (2009). Impairment severity selectively affects the control of proximal and distal components of reaching movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51, 807-816.[3] Rönnqvist, L., & Rösblad, B. (2007). Kinematic analysis on unimanual reaching and grasping movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Clinical Biomechanics, 22, 165-175.
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