| 1. |
- Drevinge, Christina, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Perilipin 5 is protective in the ischemic heart
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 219, s. 446-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Myocardial ischemia is associated with alterations in cardiac metabolism, resulting in decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation. Here we investigate how myocardial lipid content and dynamics affect the function of the ischemic heart, and focus on the role of the lipid droplet protein perilipin 5 (Plin5) in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. Methods and results: We generated Plin5(-/-) mice and found that Plin5 deficiency dramatically reduced the triglyceride content in the heart. Under normal conditions, Plin5(-/-) mice maintained a close to normal heart function by decreasing fatty acid uptake and increasing glucose uptake, thus preserving the energy balance. However, during stress or myocardial ischemia, Plin5 deficiency resulted in myocardial reduced substrate availability, severely reduced heart function and increased mortality. Importantly, analysis of a human cohort with suspected coronary artery disease showed that a common noncoding polymorphism, rs884164, decreases the cardiac expression of PLIN5 and is associated with reduced heart function following myocardial ischemia, indicating a role for Plin5 in cardiac dysfunction. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Plin5 deficiency alters cardiac lipid metabolism and associates with reduced survival following myocardial ischemia, suggesting that Plin5 plays a beneficial role in the heart following ischemia. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Alfredson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Design of a distributed human factors laboratory for future air systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: 31st Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS 2018. - : International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. - 9783932182884
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a rationale for structuring a distributed human factors laboratory for future air systems. The distributed herein refers to two aspects: content and geographic. As for content, the laboratory is structured in two levels, namely, individual, and team. As for geographic, the laboratory infrastructure is distributed in three physically separate facilities, namely, Department of Computer and Information Science (IDA) and Department of Management and Engineering (IEI) from Linköping University - Sweden and the Competence Center in Manufacturing from the Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA) - Brazil.
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| 3. |
- Aminoff, Hedvig, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Coordination in Emergency Response
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Annual Conference on Human Decision-Making and Manual Control,2007. - Lyngby, Denmark : Technical University of Denmark.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes and discusses analysis of an emergency management exercise. In the exercise scenario, different emergency management organizations jointly try to cope with a forest fire and related incidents. The Extended Control Model is utilized for examination of the establishment of en emergent emergency response organization. Ambiguity in how functions are to be handled in a large event, indicating vulnerabilities in face of larger crises; functions moving across roles during the evolving event; and recognizable phases of a response are uncovered. This is assessed by utilizing episodic analysis of the communication between different functions and roles in the participating emergency management organizations. The results indicate requirements for future information and communication technologies, and occurrences that can be explored in future studies.
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| 4. |
- Artman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Dialogical Emergency Management and Strategic Awareness in Emergency Communication
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International ISCRAM Conference. - Lissabon. ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces two concepts—dialogical emergency management and strategic awareness—as means to use and understand the content of social media for the purpose of emergency communication. Dialogical emergency management denotes that the emergency management organizations follow what people publish in various social media on emergencies and ongoing emergency response, and then adjust their information strategies in a way that matches the expectations and needs for emergency information of ..
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Energy use and climate change improvements of Li/S batteries based on life cycle assessment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 383, s. 87-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of a lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cell regarding its energy use (in electricity equivalents, kWhel) and climate change (in kg carbon dioxide equivalents, CO2 eq) with the aim of identifying improvement potentials. Possible improvements are illustrated by departing from a base case of Li/S battery design, electricity from coal power, and heat from natural gas. In the base case, energy use is calculated at 580 kWhel kWh−1 and climate change impact at 230 kg CO2 eq kWh−1 of storage capacity. The main contribution to energy use comes from the LiTFSI electrolyte salt production and the main contribution to climate change is electricity use during the cell production stage. By (i) reducing cell production electricity requirement, (ii) sourcing electricity and heat from renewable sources, (iii) improving the specific energy of the Li/S cell, and (iv) switching to carbon black for the cathode, energy use and climate change impact can be reduced by 54 and 93%, respectively. For climate change, our best-case result of 17 kg CO2 eq kWh−1 is of similar magnitude as the best-case literature results for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The lithium metal requirement of Li/S batteries and LIBs are also of similar magnitude.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential improvements of the life cycle environmental impacts of a Li/S battery cell
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The lithium sulfur (Li/S) battery is a promising battery chemistry for two reasons: it requires no scarce metals apart from the lithium itself and it brings the promise of high specific energy density at the cell level. However, the environmental impacts of this battery type remain largely unstudied. In this study, we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the production of an Li/S cell to calculate these impacts. The anode consists of a lithium foil and the cathode consists of a carbon/sulfur composite. The electrolyte is a mixture of dioxalane, dimethoxyethane, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium nitrate. The current collector for the cathode is an aluminium foil and a tri-layer membrane of polypropylene and polyethylene acts as separator. The functional unit of the study is 1 kWh specific energy storage. Three key environmental impacts were considered: energy use, climate change and lithium requirement. In our baseline scenario, we consider the pilot-scale production of a battery with a specific energy of 300 kWh/kg, having the mesoporous material CMK-3 as carbon material in the carbon/sulfur cathode, and using coal power and natural gas heat as energy sources. This scenario results in an energy use of 580 kWh/kWhstored and a climate change impact of 230 kg CO2eq/kWhstored. The main contributor to energy use is the LiTFSI production and the main contributor to climate change is electricity use during cell production. We then model a number of possible improvements sequentially: (1) reduction of cell production electricity requirement due to production at industrial-scale, (2) sourcing of electricity and heat from renewable instead of fossil sources (i.e. solar power and biogas heat), (3) improvement of the specific energy of the Li/S cell to 500 kWh/kg and (4) a shift of the carbon material in the cathode to carbon black (without considering changes in performance). By implementing all these four improvements, energy use and climate change impact can be reduced by an impressive 54 and 93%, respectively. In particular, the improvements related to industrial-scale production and sourcing of renewable energy are considerable, whereas the shift of carbon material is of minor importance. For climate change, the best-case result of 17 kg CO2eq/kWhstored is similar to the best-case results reported in the scientific literature for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Regarding lithium requirement, the lithium metal requirement of Li/S batteries and LIBs are also of similar magnitude (0.33-0.55 kg/kWhstored and 0.2 kg/kWhstored, respectively). Using different allocation approaches did not alter the main conclusions of the study.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the quality of Shared Priorities in teams using content analysis in a microworld experiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1463-922X .- 1464-536X. ; 18:2, s. 128-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective, easy to use, and easy to comprehend assessment methods for measuring shared understanding in teams are hard to find. This paper describes an experiment where a measure called Shared Priorities, which is based on ranking of self-generated strategic items, is assessed. Trained teams were compared to non-trained teams in a dynamic problem-solving task. The maturity of the participating teams was also assessed using a content analysis measure. The Shared Priorities measure was used alongside other well-documented measures of team awareness based on self-rating. Results show that the Shared Priorities measure correlates with task performance and could also distinguish between trained and non-trained teams. However, the Shared Priorities measure did not correlate with the other team measures (cf. CARS – Crew Awareness Rating Scale – and DATMA – Distributed Assessment of Team Mutual Awareness), suggesting that it captures a different quality of teamwork than the self-rating measures. Further, the Shared Priorities measure was found to be easily administered.
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Building capacity – conceptualizing Training of Trainers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Information Systems of Crisis Response And Management. - Omaha. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 701-710
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many organizations train and educate their staff to prepare for crisis. One approach is train-the-trainer (ToT;Training of trainers) concept. It is based on the idea that someone can be trained as a trainer, who in turn traintheir colleagues. The philosophy resembles a pyramid scheme that allows for a fast and efficient spread ofknowledge and skills. This study focused on perceptions of the ToT concept through interviews with ToT trainers.Two learning theories, organizational learning (4I) and experiential learning theory (ELT) were used toconceptualize the ToT-concept. It was found that the ToT-concept can be used as the method to conduct ELT toachieve organizational learning and knowledge (4I). Furthermore, the study also presents how participantsperceives ToT using thematic analysis. This resulted in four themes: Common understanding of ToT, Learn-by-doing, No grounding in ToT, and Difficult to ensure quality.
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| 11. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing an instrument for measuring shared understanding
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International ISCRAM Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper discusses the need for an easy-to-use, easy-to-administer measure that can capture shared understanding in a team of professionals working together towards a successful performance. In the paper the development of such a measure is described using two empirical studies. Command-and-Control tasks are complex and often dynamic, and a way of capturing the degree of which a team of individuals have a common understanding of priorities in such a task is imperative.Two studies are presented. In the first study students participated in a microworld experiment where they tried to rank order pre-determined factors in order to measure shared understanding. In the second study officers from the Swedish Armed Forces participated in an exercise where they rank ordered self-generated factors.
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| 12. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical modelling of team training in a microworld study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. - : Sage Publications. - 2169-5067. ; , s. 894-898
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A command and control environment is a dynamic and complex setting with complicated technical systems where teams of operators interact to reach shared goals. This study presents an experiment in which we, by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), explain the relations between basic concepts of command and control environments: mental workload, frustration, situational awareness, and performance. This paper reports a LISREL analysis of the Baroutsi, Berggren, Nählinder, & Johansson (2013) data. From that data, a new latent variable “Frustration” emerges, which now can be included in the model.
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| 13. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between Workload, Teamwork, Situation Awareness, and Performance in Teams A microworld study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. - : Sage Publications. - 1541-9312. ; , s. 851-855
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In modern military organizations teamwork performance is central, yet the underlying factors contributing to such performance are debated. The purpose of this paper was to investigate how several known teamwork measures relate to a prior model of operator performance (Nählinder et al, 2004). This study expands this model to the team level and in the command and control domain. Specifically, this paper studies the relationship between individual and team workload measures, situation awareness measures, and performance measures in 18 two-person teams. The study has two major findings: Firstly, the various team cognition measures statistically cluster into four meaningful concepts (workload, teamwork, situation awareness and performance). Secondly, a Structural Equation Model indicates that the relationship between the various individual and team measures can be described in a model resembling the model found in previous studies (Nählinder et al, 2004). In particular, the results show that the general workload in the microworld study has a negative effect on both teamwork and situation awareness. Teamwork, in turn, also affects situation awareness, which has major impact on performance.
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| 14. |
- Canbäck, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The Littorina sequence database (LSD) - an online resource for genomic data.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 12, s. 142-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an interactive, searchable expressed sequence tag database for the periwinkle snail Littorina saxatilis, an upcoming model species in evolutionary biology. The database is the result of a hybrid assembly between Sanger and 454 sequences, 1290 and 147 491 sequences respectively. Normalized and non-normalized cDNA was obtained from different ecotypes of L. saxatilis collected in the UK and Sweden. The Littorina sequence database (LSD) contains 26 537 different contigs, of which 2453 showed similarity with annotated proteins in UniProt. Querying the LSD permits the selection of the taxonomic origin of blast hits for each contig, and the search can be restricted to particular taxonomic groups. The database allows access to UniProt annotations, blast output, protein family domains (PFAM) and Gene Ontology. The database will allow users to search for genetic markers and identifying candidate genes or genes for expression analyses. It is open for additional deposition of sequence information for L. saxatilis and other species of the genus Littorina. The LSD is available at http://mbio-serv2.mbioekol.lu.se/Littorina/.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ekstrand, Matias, et al.
(författare)
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Depletion of ATP and glucose in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLoS One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe hypoxia develops close to the necrotic core of advanced human atherosclerotic plaques, but the energy metabolic consequences of this hypoxia are not known. In animal models, plaque hypoxia is also associated with depletion of glucose and ATP. ATP depletion may impair healing of plaques and promote necrotic core expansion. To investigate if ATP depletion is present in human plaques, we analyzed the distribution of energy metabolites (ATP, glucose, glycogen and lactate) in intermediate and advanced human plaques.Snap frozen carotid endarterectomies from 6 symptomatic patients were analyzed. Each endarterectomy included a large plaque ranging from the common carotid artery (CCA) to the internal carotid artery (ICA). ATP, glucose, and glycogen concentrations were lower in advanced (ICA) compared to intermediate plaques (CCA), whereas lactate concentrations were higher. The lowest concentrations of ATP, glucose and glycogen were detected in the perinecrotic zone of advanced plaques.Our study demonstrates severe ATP depletion and glucose deficiency in the perinecrotic zone of human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. ATP depletion may impair healing of plaques and promote disease progression.
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| 17. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Age and site differences in planned and performed actions in response to identified risks in older adults
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press. - 2399-5300. ; 6:Supplement_1, s. 840-840
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish health care system focuses on allowing older adults to “age in place”; however, that approach assumes that home health services are adequate to support health and prevent unnecessary decline. Data from the Senior Alert national quality register in Sweden were examined to compare the quality of care across care locations. First registration in Senior Alert was available for 2914 adults aged 57–109 (median age = 81): 3.6% dementia unit, 7.8% home health care, 4.4% rehabilitation unit, 62.8% hospital, 21.4% care home. There were significant differences across units in the number of identified risks in 4 categories: falls, malnutrition, oral health, and pressure ulcer. Individuals in rehabilitation units averaged 2.4 risks, individuals in dementia and care homes averaged 2.0 risks, and individuals in home health care and hospitals averaged 1.4 risks. For individuals with identified risks, the differences between planned and performed actions for each risk independently were greatest for those in home health care. Moreover, the correlation between total planned and performed actions in home health care was .79 for adults aged 65–80 years and .39 for adults aged 81 and over. The correlation did not differ across age for the other care units. Results suggest that individuals most in need of actions to address health risks (older adults in home health care) are least likely to have the actions performed. Training and support of workers responsible for home health care need to be improved if the “age in place” policy is to continue.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Granlund, Gösta, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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HiperLearn : A High Performance Learning Architecture
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new architecture for learning systems has been developed. A number of particular design features in combination result in a very high performance and excellent robustness. The architecture uses a monopolar channel information representation. The channel representation implies a partially overlapping mapping of signals into a higher-dimensional space, such that a flexible but continuous restructuring mapping can be made. The high-dimensional mapping introduces locality in the information representation, which is directly available in wavelets or filter outputs. Single level maps using this representation can produce closed decision regions, thereby eliminating the need for costly back-propagation. The monopolar property implies that data only utilizes one polarity, say positive values, in addition to zero, allowing zero to represent no information. This leads to an efficient sparse representation.The processing mode of the architecture is association where the mapping of feature inputs onto desired state outputs is learned from a representative training set. The sparse monopolar representation together with locality, using individual learning rates, allows a fast optimization, as the system exhibits linear complexity. Mapping into multiple channels gives a strategy to use confidence statements in data, leading to a low sensitivity to noise in features. The result is an architecture allowing systems with a complexity of some hundred thousand features described by some hundred thousand samples to be trained in typically less than an hour. Experiments that demonstrate functionality and noise immunity are presented. The architecture has been applied to the design of hyper complex operations for view centered object recognition in robot vision.
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| 22. |
- Granlund, Rego, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring distributed collaboration in the C3Fire microworld
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scaled worlds. - Aldershot : Ashgate Publishing Limited. - 9780754635093 ; , s. -363
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This text identifies and discusses emerging challenges and opportunities arising from advanced-technology simulation-based microworld analogues of operational environments. These "scaled worlds" have been used and advocated for many years. A major transformation is expected in research and training using new, more advanced versions of these systems. Technology now affords new capabilities using PC-based systems. Complex and distributed expert decision making and team performance can be elicited and rehearsed through affordable and easily distributed systems. These new systems will transform the nature of research and training on two fronts: (1) the content internal (i.e. laboratory control) and external validity, and (2) who can do the research and/or training, as these new systems offer more opportunities/options. Organizations and universities are rapidly building internet-based systems to train, educate and/or utilize individuals who may be distributed across the globe. Researchers across the globe will also use these new capabilities, forging new and multi-discipline research as new alliances and collaborations are enabled. Research previously restricted to highly realistic and restricted high-fidelity systems will be open to more participants and these new processes and systems will create new opportunities. Such systems will offer more realism, control and feedback to researchers and trainers. Distributed systems can link multiple nodes, allowing many participants to perform within a shared scenario. Scenarios are more easily constructed and controlled. Opportunities using these internet-based systems are clear, as evidenced by high funding and investments in advanced internet-based training systems. Universities, corporations and DoD organizations are rapidly escalating their use of such systems for collaborative research, education, distributed training and distance learning. These simulation-based systems will rapidly change the nature of research, education and training for most performance domains. Low to medium fidelity environments capture knowledge and performance requirements while retaining high levels of experimental control and generalizability. This book goes further than others on simulation-based training and research (which focus on highly realistic systems) by addressing the issues of scale, fidelity and purpose in more abstracted scaled world systems. It brings together experts who use these systems, from a variety of perspectives. Their contributions document emerging trends and issues with regard to development, utilization and validation of these emerging "scaled world" systems.
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| 23. |
- Hammarbäck, Jimmy, 1977-
(författare)
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Modelling intent for Manned-Unmanned Teaming : Exploring human-centric approaches for future combat aircraft systems
- 2022
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What does it mean to understand intent? This question is at the core of resilient teamwork since team members must account for each other’s intent in anticipated as well as unanticipated situations to adaptively coordinate their actions. As we enter an era where humans and synthetic agents are supposed to work as teammates, this question is brought to its head. For instance, unmanned aircraft are expected to act as human-like wingmen in the near future, requiring them to account for and adapt to the lead fighter pilot’s intent in various contexts and situations with little or no communication. To this end, adequate models of fighter pilots’ intent are crucial for enabling synthetic wingmen to reason about what their partner is doing, why, and what will happen next. Unfortunately, the concept of intent is often ambiguous and approaches to model intent are rarely described. As a result, researchers and practitioners often rely on assumptions regarding what aspects and elements of intent should be modelled–and how to approach the problem of modelling intent. This thesis addresses the what and how to model intent from a human-centric perspective by defining and operationalising the concept of intent and suggesting three novel and complementary approaches. Additionally, by applying the approaches to model fighter pilot intent in the context of Manned-Unmanned Teaming, both methodological considerations when modelling intent and design implications for future applications are presented.
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| 24. |
- Hammarbäck, Jimmy, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling situated intent for human-autonomy teaming: a human-centric approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1463-922X .- 1464-536X. ; , s. 1-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- entering an era where humans and synthetic agents are supposed to collaborate and cooperate, adequate models of human intent are cru-cial for coordinated teamwork. Unfortunately, although there is a need for such models, the concept of intent is ambiguous and approaches to model intent from a human-centric perspective are scarce. Building upon theoretical and methodological foundations, this study aims to address these gaps by presenting a conceptualisation of intent along-side an approach. specifically, leveraging the six levels of cognitive control outlined in the Joint control Framework, a provisional model of human intent alongside a defined and operationalised concept is presented. Building on these foundations, a novel approach is pro-posed. Utilising seven scenario-based interviews, the value of these contributions is demonstrated through an example case in the context of Manned-Unmanned teaming. it is concluded that intent should be understood as a multi-faceted concept shaped by situated constraints, where intent is formed through a commitment to choices by context-sit-uation and means-end reasoning. it is also concluded that the approach is useful, particularly since it can glean insights from choices considered and committed, both being essential in the design of synthetic team-mates’ capability to adapt to their human partner’s agency.
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| 25. |
- Hammarbäck, Jimmy, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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My synthetic wingman must understand me: modelling intent for future manned–unmanned teaming
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : Springer. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cognitive modelling, unmanned aircraft are expected to actas human-like wingmen in the near future. For fluent and effective manned–unmanned teaming, synthetic wingmen must beable to account for and adapt to their partners’ intent with little or no communication. To enable such abilities, it becomescrucial to identify the requirements that makes intent explainable to synthetic wingmen, necessitating approaches to describeand analyse intent from a human-centric perspective. To address this issue, this paper reports on findings from using WorkDomain Analysis to design and analyse models of situated intent with six levels of cognitive control (frames, effects, values,generic, implementations, and physical). Through a literature review and seven subject matter expert interviews, a synthesizedmodel was designed to represent fighter pilots’ intent in a manned–unmanned teaming scenario. Using the synthesized modelas the context, a transfer of control and a link loss situation were further described and analysed. Experiences show that WorkDomain Analysis can provide a practical and applicable means to model situated intent, particularly since designed modelscan be re-utilised to model intent in similar situations. Furthermore, the model analyses show the importance of accountingfor fighter pilots’ adopted frames since small variations of the framing of the situations can propagate throughout the modelresulting in conflicting or inconsistent intent. The paper concludes that synthetic wingmen must be able to reason about all six levels of cognitive control, requiring a more holistic approach to make intent explainable.
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| 26. |
- Hellgren, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing workload by navigational support in dynamic situations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International ISCRAM Conference. ; , s. 1-9
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By presenting continuously updated heading and distance information on a small head-mounted display (HMD), as a supplement to a GPS-receiver, we examined if workload could be reduced and performance increased, when navigating in a demanding situation. The purpose was to present limited but sufficient information to facilitate navigation. The technique was tested on ground troops, but could also be used by rescue services and police in situations that require navigation in unknown environments. The main findings were that the workload was reduced in one aspect (during navigation) but increased in another (looking for foot placement). There were no clear differences in performance, except that participants stopped fewer times to look at the GPS-receiver if they had updated heading and distance information. This suggests that a supplement display with minimal information could be useful when navigating with a GPS-receiver in an unknown environment.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hjelmgren, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Vascularised Carotid Plaques Using a Standardised and Reproducible Technique to Measure Ultrasound Contrast Uptake
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 46:1, s. 21-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has been used to assess the vascularisation of carotid plaques. Our aim was to develop and validate a standardised semi-automated method for CEUS examination of plaques, and test if the technique could be used to identify vulnerable plaques. Methods: Study participants were a mixed population of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, selected if they had a plaque with height >2.5 mm and <10% acoustic shadowing. Participants received a bolus of ultrasound contrast agent and a 90-s cine-loop was captured. A Contrast Quantification Program (CQP) was developed and trained to identify extent of contrast uptake after motion correction and application of a noise reduction algorithm. The technique was validated by comparing CQP values with visual assessment of contrast uptake. CQP values were also compared with plaque echogenicity and history of clinical events. Results: CQP values correlated with a visual, 5-scale classification of contrast uptake by two blinded, experienced sonographers. Repeated contrast injections showed high reproducibility. Participants with a history of ipsilateral stroke/TIA had significantly higher CQP values than asymptomatic participants. Conclusion: We present a reproducible, semi-automatic method to identify vascularisation of carotid plaques, which could be used in prospective studies to determine the clinical value of plaque vascularisation. (C) 2013 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Annica, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Homocysteine levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease are influenced by the glutathione s-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1) gene
- 2005
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Ingår i: Haematologica Reports. - 1824-9337. ; 2005:1(3):June
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: A substantial body of literature confirms an association between elevated blood levels of homocysteine and cognitive dysfunction, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Oxidative stress is a risk factor for AD. Elevated homocysteine levels might partially reflect redox status; its remethylation to methionine is coordinated by the redox-sensitive enzyme methionine synthase. Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1) is protective against oxidative stress, and the polymorphism Ala140Asp modifies the age-of-onset of AD. Aim: To investigate whether the GSTO1 Ala140Asp polymorphism is related to homocysteine levels in AD patients. Methods: Plasma homocysteine levels and the GSTO1 polymorphism Ala140Asp were analysed in 244 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed AD. Results: Homocysteine levels differed significantly between the three genotypes (p=0.002) analysis of variance, Durbin-Watson D Statistic. The levels were 11.8±3.6 µmol/L in patients with the Ala/Ala genotype (n=118), 13.5±5.0 µmol/L in the Ala/Asp group (n=105), and 14.1±6.0 µmol/L in patients with the Asp/Asp genotype (n=21). Carriers of at least one Asp allele showed significantly higher plasma homocysteine levels compared to non-carriers (p=0.002) two-sample t-test. Conclusion: The association between homocysteine levels and this GSTO1 polymorphism supports the suggestion that increased homocysteine in AD patients may be a consequence of oxidative stress.
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A DSR Study on Iterative Tool Development to Measure IT Process Maturity in an Agile Context
- 2023
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Ingår i: ISD 2022. - : Springer. ; , s. 1-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design of a tool for recurring quantitative self-assessment of IT Service Management (ITSM) process maturity in a financial institution implementing agile software development as a new way of working. This change brought on an increased need to monitor ITSM process performance, and a Design Science Research (DSR) project was launched to create an ITSM maturity assessment tool. Continual improvement of ITSM processes can be measured by performing a process maturity assessment, comparing the organization’s process performance against a best-practice reference set of processes. This paper reports a development project for a quantitative measuring survey-based tool. Due to the increasing use of agile methods, there is an increase in research attention to the coexistence of agile and ITSM maturity assessment tools. The results show that a company-wide ITSM process maturity assessment can be established as a survey-based self-assessment in an agile software development context. The aggregate scores from this self-assessment present a good indicator of the organization’s process performance, especially when complemented by a reference score. A key learning is that the iterative DSR methodology made it possible to create a tool that in good way measure ITSM process maturity in an agile context.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Empowering resilient crisis response training through purposefully designed boundary objects in a simulation-gaming exercise approach : Supporting ad-hoc team interaction
- 2021
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Ingår i: ECCE 2021. - New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450387576 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on experiences of creating resilience-empowering simulation-gaming exercises concerning disruptions in the payment system. The aim of the exercises was to utilize gaming-simulation as a training environment where teams of practitioners can learn to develop in-depth understanding of systemic interaction (i.e., cascading effects of disruptions) and learn how to develop collaborative resilience across many different critical infrastructures. Interaction between different stakeholders in the payment system, such as business owners, banks, municipality crisis managers are considered as the foundation for building collaborative resilience. Designing the exercises in such a way that they encourage and support such interactions are therefore seen as a primary design goal. This paper describes lessons learned from the process of conducting the 17 exercises in terms of creating a well-balance simulation and an immersive experience.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-
(författare)
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Feedforward Control in Dynamic Situations
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis proposal discusses control of dynamic systems and its relation to time. Although much research has been done concerning control of dynamic systems and decision making, little research exists about the relationship between time and control. Control is defined as the ability to keep a target system/process in a desired state. In this study, properties of time such as fast, slow, overlapping etc, should be viewed as a relation between the variety of a controlling system and a target system. It is further concluded that humans have great difficulties controlling target systems that have slow responding processes or "dead" time between action and response. This thesis proposal suggests two different studies to adress the problem of human control over slow responding systems and dead time in organisational control.
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Functional Failures, Time and Control
- 2004
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Ingår i: the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man Cybernetics,2004. - The Hague, The Netherlands : Omnipress.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Hand-Held Support for Spatial Awareness for the Dismounted Soldier
- 2014
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Ingår i: HCI Posters 1. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319078564 ; , s. 335-340
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This contribution presents a summary of activities performed in an ongoing military research project aiming at investigating the impact of navigational support on spatial awareness. Investigated tasks are e.g. indication of direction to objects beyond visual range with and without navigational support, display size, performance time, and use of GPS device in darkness. The results indicate that the ability to keep track of targets in the terrain without a technical aid is very poor, but with a GPS device targets can be indicated with relatively high precision. Precision on target indication is slightly better with a larger display, it seems possible to indicate as fast as 5 seconds with a GPS device without impairments of precision, and a GPS device can be used for target indication in darkness. Spatial ability measured by PTSOT can discriminate important aspects of spatial ability with direct relevance for navigation and target indication.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Is this a date? – New perspectives on ICT for harmonized inter-organizationalcrisis management
- 2023
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Ingår i: Information Systems for Criris Management and Response. - : ISCRAM Digital Library. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 67-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we challenge common conceptions related to the role and development of information andcommunication technology (ICT) for crisis management. Based on an understanding of inter-organizational crisismanagement as self-organizing through processes of harmonization in complex adaptive systems, ICT ispositioned as an enabler in the bridging of social and organizational boundaries. In this view, the primaryrequirements for ICT in inter-organizational settings are defined by current information sharing needs, which arecontinuously changing with the context and co-working partners. From this understanding of inter-organizationalrelations in crisis management, this paper suggests two complementary approaches to ICT focusing on policyadjustment and training that supports adaptive organizational capabilities and utilization of easily availablecommercial ICT. The ideas put forth in this paper are intended to add perspectives and spark discussions on ICTfor crisis management.
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| 40. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-
(författare)
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Joint control in dynamic situations
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the cooperative and communicative aspects of control over dynamic situations such as emergency management and military operations. Taking a stance in Cognitive Systems Engineering, Decision making and Communication studies, the role of information systems as tools for communication in dynamic situations is examined. Three research questions are examined; 1 ) How new forms of information technology affects joint control tasks in dynamic situations, and how/if microworld simulations can be used to investigate this. 2 ) What the characteristics of actual use of information systems for joint control are in dynamic situations? 3 ) What the pre-requisites are for efficient communicationin joint control tasks and especially in dynamic, high-risk situations?Four papers are included. A study performed with a microworld simulation involving military officers as participants is presented, and the method of using microworlds for investigating the effects of new technology is discussed. Field observations from an emergency call centre are used to exemplify how information systems actually are used in a cooperative task. An interview study with military officers from a UN-mission describes the social aspects of human-human communication in a dynamic, high risk environment.Finally, an elaborated perspective on the role of information systems as tools for communication, and especially the relation between the social, organisational and technical layers of a joint control activity is presented.
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| 41. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Navigation support for dismounted soldiers using minimal information as a supplement to a digital map
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - : IGI Global. - 1937-9390 .- 1937-9420. ; 7:3, s. 61-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By presenting continuously updated heading and distance information on a small head-mounted display, as a supplement to a GPS-receiver, the authors examined if workload could be reduced and performance increased when navigating in a demanding situation. The purpose was to present as limited, but sufficient, information as possible to facilitate navigation. The technique was tested on ground troops, but could also be used by rescue services and police in situations that require navigation in unknown environments. The main findings were that the workload was reduced in two aspects (during navigation and handling personal equipment) but increased in another (looking for foot placement). When using the head mounted display, it was found that participants stopped fewer times to look at the GPS-receiver if they had continuous updated heading and distance information. This suggests that a supplement with minimal information on a head mounted display could be useful when navigating with a GPS-receiver in an unknown environment.
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| 42. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational agility - an overview
- 2014
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Ingår i: Assessing command and control effectiveness - dealing with a changing world. - : Ashgate. - 9781472436948 ; , s. 71-83
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Research on Decision Making and New Technology - Methodological Issues
- 2004
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Ingår i: How Professionals Make Expert Decisions. - Mahaw, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 0805844708 - 9780805844719 ; , s. -423
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume is the fruit of the 5th conference on Naturalistic Decision Making which focused on the importance of studying people who have some degree of expertise in the domain in which they make decisions. The substantive concerns pertain to how individuals and groups make decisions in professional and organizational settings, and to develop suitable methods for studying these questions rigorously. This volume appeals to practitioners in business and government, as well as academics and students who are interested in naturalistic decision making.
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| 44. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience and the temporal dimension : the chimera of timely response
- 2017
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Ingår i: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1463-922X .- 1464-536X. ; 18:2, s. 110-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a framework for reasoning about ‘timely response’, and control versus the temporal organisation of a controlling system. By three empirical examples, we show how a controlling system can be described in terms of perception points, decision points and action points. Our conclusions are that (1) temporal expectancies shape our ability to exercise control at least as much our ability to understand relations and causality, but temporality is rarely part of approaches to modelling human or system performance, (2) temporal organisation of activities shape our ability to exercise control, (3) by utilising the temporal control framework, we can describe important properties of the temporal organisation of a socio-technical system, and (4) the capacity of modelling is limited to what can be known or imagined. Therefore, models describing resilience or stability should include temporality and be based on frameworks generic enough to be applied to a wide variety of situations.
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting situation awareness on the move - the role of technology for spatial orientation in the field
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International ISCRAM Conference. ; , s. 442-451
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presented in this paper has investigated how technology can support spatial awareness when moving in wooded terrain. By “spatial awareness”, we refer to the ability to point in the approximate direction of several objects while navigating in unknown terrain. The ability to localize objects in the terrain has importance for emergency operations, for example firefighting and search and rescue operations. A field experiment was conducted with two conditions, one with technical support and one without. The results show that technical support in terms of GPS, digital maps and electronic compass can dramatically improve the ability to accurately indicate directions to objects. Further, findings concerning use of tests on spatial orientation to predict the ability to indicate directions to objects in the terrain when having no technical support are presented.
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| 46. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Geographical Information Systems on a Collaborative Command and Control Task
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings ISCRAM2007. - Delft, Nederland : Delft University of Technology. - 9789054874171 ; , s. 191-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper tests the claimed benefits of using geographical information systems (GIS) in emergency response operations. An experimental study comparing command teams using GIS and paper-based maps is presented. The study utilized a combined approach using microworld simulations together with physical artefacts. Participants in the experiment took the role of command teams, facing the task of extinguishing a simulated forest fire. A total of 132 persons, forming 22 teams, participated in the study. In eleven of the teams, the participants were given access to GIS with positioning of fire-brigades as well as sensor data about the fire outbreak. In the other eleven teams, the participants were using paper-based maps. The result shows that teams using GIS performed significantly better than teams with paper-based maps in terms of saved area. Communication volume was considerably reduced in the case of GIS teams. Implications of these results on GIS are discussed as well as methodological considerations for future research.
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| 47. |
- Johansson, Björn, Professor, PhD, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the challenge of the energy crisis : Tackling system complexity with megagaming
- 2023
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Ingår i: ECCE '23: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023. - New York, NY United States : ACM Digital Library. - 9798400708756
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is tightly coupled to the usage of energy in differentforms. Creating and using sustainable energy solutions is increasinglybeing recognized as the greatest challenge of our time. Theenergy crisis concerns everyone who consumes energy or servicesthat rely on energy to be performed, in practice almost everythingwe buy. However, the temporal and psychological distance to climatechange has led to a situation where the consequences of ourenergy usage often is considered a future problem or “someoneelse’s” problem. Current methods to increase awareness and understandingof climate change and the need to create sustainableenergy solutions are usually based on simulation or negotiationgames. Methods similar to crisis management exercises are uncommon.In this paper, we propose to use Megagames, large scale socialgames, as a method for increasing the awareness of the challengesrelated to creating sustainable energy solutions. Examples fromtwo Megagame test runs are provided and discussed.
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| 48. |
- Johansson, Linda, 1973-
(författare)
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Robots and Moral Agency
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Machine ethics is a field of applied ethics that has grown rapidly in the last decade. Increasingly advanced autonomous robots have expanded the focus of machine ethics from issues regarding the ethical development and use of technology by humans to a focus on ethical dimensions of the machines themselves. This thesis contains two essays, both about robots in some sense, representing these different perspectives of machine ethics. The first essay, “Is it Morally Right to use UAVs in War?” concerns an example of robots today, namely the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) used in war, and the ethics surrounding the use of such robots. In this essay it is argued that UAVs might affect how the laws of war (LOW) are interpreted, and that there might be need for additional rules surrounding the use of UAVs. This represents the more traditional approach of machine ethics, focusing on the decisions of humans regarding the use of such robots. The second essay, “The Functional Morality of Robots”, concerns the robots of the future – the potential moral agency of robots. The suggestion in this essay is that robots should be considered moral agents if they can pass a moral version of the Turing Test. This represents the new focus of machine ethics: machine morality, or more precisely, machine agency.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometry combined with heart rate telemetry in the assessment of total energy expenditure
- 2006
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Ingår i: Br J Nutr. ; 95:3, s. 631-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was: (1) to develop a new method for total energy expenditure (TEE) assessment, using accelerometry (ACC) and heart rate (HR) telemetry in combination; (2) to validate the new method against the criterion measure (DLW) and to compare with two of the most common methods, FLEX-HR and ACC alone. In the first part of the study VO(2), HR and ACC counts were measured in twenty-seven subjects during walking and running on a treadmill. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the HR and ACC methods an analysis model was developed, using ACC at intensities of low and medium levels and HR at higher intensities. During periods of inactivity, RMR is used. A formula for determining TEE from ACC, HR and RMR was developed: TEE = 1.1x(EQ(HR) x TT(HR) + EQ(ACC1) x TT(ACC1) + EQ(ACC2) x TTACC2 + RMR x TT(RMR)). In the validation part of the study a sub-sample of eight subjects wore an accelerometer, HR was logged and TEE was measured for 14 d with the DLW method. Analysis of the Bland-Altman plots with 95 % CI indicates that there are no significant differences in TEE estimated with HR-ACC and ACC alone compared with TEE measured with DLW. It is concluded that the HR-ACC combination as well as ACC alone has potential as a method for assessment of TEE during free-living activities as compared with DLW.
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