| 1. |
- Coad, Alex, et al.
(författare)
-
High-growth firms : introduction to the special section
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 23:1, s. 91-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-growth firms (HGFs) have attracted considerable attention recently, as academics and policymakers have increasingly recognized the highly skewed nature of many metrics of firm performance. A small number of HGFs drives a disproportionately large amount of job creation, while the average firm has a limited impact on the economy. This article explores the reasons for this increased interest, summarizes the existing literature, and highlights the methodological considerations that constrain and bias research. This special section draws attention to the importance of HGFs for future industrial performance, explores their unusual growth trajectories and strategies, and highlights the lack of persistence of high growth. Consequently, while HGFs are important for understanding the economy and developing public policy, they are unlikely to be useful vehicles for public policy given the difficulties involved in predicting which firms will grow, the lack of persistence in high growth levels, and the complex and often indirect relationship between firm capability, high growth, and macro-economic performance.
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| 2. |
- Suneson, Kaj, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Reality As a New Tool in the City Planning Process
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tsinghua Science and Technology. - 1007-0214. ; 13:S1, s. 255-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of virtual reality (VR)-models in the city planning process will cause changes in the traditional roles of the involved parties. In order to better understand some of these changes, the events involving the use of VR-models in an architectural competition concerning rebuilding-proposals for the city library in a Swedish city were analyzed. The study shows that VR was introduced into the competition as an extra add-on and that the VR-presentation was experienced as useful by the jury. The transformation of the architects’ contributions into VR was experienced as problematic by the architects, partly because they lost full control over the presentation. In the future architects are likely to have to produce the VR-models for their proposals themselves. This may make it more difficult for smaller architectural firms to enter the market but their proposals will be more accessible to a wider group of stakeholders.
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| 3. |
- Suneson, Kaj, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Reality Supporting Environmental Planning Processes: A Case Study of the City Library in Gothenburg.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783540855668 ; 5179 LNAI:PART 3, s. 481-490
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of Virtual Reality (VR) models in the environmental planning process can change the traditional roles of the parties involved. This paper examines the influence of VR-models on the role of professionals in an architectural competition concerning proposals for rebuilding the city library in Gothenburg. The study shows that VR was experienced as useful by the jury, while troublesome by the architects. In the future architects are likely to have to produce the VR-models for their proposals by themselves. Therefore smaller firms may experience it as difficult to enter the market or to have full control over their VR contributions. Further results show how VR can be more efficiently used in the evaluation process by improving communication between different stakeholders.
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| 4. |
- Alsadius, David, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco smoking and long-lasting symptoms from the bowel and the anal-sphincter region after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0887.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tobacco smoking can cause vascular injury, tissue hypoxia and fibrosis as can ionizing radiation. However, we do not know if tobacco smoking increases the risk of long-term side effects after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. METHODS: We identified 985 men treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer between 1993 and 2006. In 2008, long-lasting symptoms appearing after radiotherapy for prostate cancer were assessed through a study-specific questionnaire as were smoking habits and demographic factors of all these men. In the questionnaire the prostate-cancer survivors were asked to report symptom occurrence the previous six months. RESULTS: We obtained information on tobacco smoking from 836 of the 985 prostate-cancer survivors with a median time to follow-up of six years (range 2-14years). The prevalence ratio of defecation urgency among current smokers compared to never smokers was 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.2). Corresponding prevalence ratio for diarrhea was 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-6.5), the sensation of bowel not completely emptied after defecation 2.1 (95% CI 1.3-3.3) and for sudden emptying of all stools into clothing without forewarning 4.7 (95% CI 2.3-9.7). CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoking among prostate-cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy increases the risk of certain long-lasting symptoms from the bowel and anal-sphincter region.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Female top management in family firms and non-family firms : Evidence from total population data
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 35:3, s. 303-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We exploit information on ownership, management and kinship to study the representation of women in top management teams in Swedish family and non-family firms among domiciled limited liability firms over the years 2004 to 2010. The share of female top managers is analysed across listed and non-listed firms as well as across industries. We then estimate the likelihood that a woman is elected into the top management team in family and non-family firms using a probit regression model where we control for firm- A nd individual-level characteristics, including the gender distribution of the firm and kinship relations to existing board members and firm owners. We find that non-listed family firms are more likely to appoint female top managers, whereas we find no differences among listed firms. Moreover, we find that the gender composition and kinship structures of firms influence the appointment of female top managers.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Characteristics and Performance of Family Firms : Exploiting information on ownership, governance and kinship using total population data
- 2017
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family firms are often considered characteristically different from non-family firms, and the economic implications of these differences have generated significant academic debate. However, our understanding of family firms suffers from an inability to identify them in total population data, as this requires information on owners, their kinship and involvement in firm governance, which is rarely available. We present a method for identifying domiciled family firms using register data that offers greater accuracy than previous methods. We then apply it to data from Statistics Sweden concerning firm ownership, governance and kinship over the years 2004-2010. Next, we use Swedish data to estimate these firms’ economic contribution to total employment and gross domestic product (GDP) and compare them to private domiciled non-family firms in terms of their characteristics and economic performance. We find that the family firm is the prevalent organizational form, contributing to over one-third of all employment and GDP. Family firms are common across industries and sizes, ranging from the smallest producers to the largest multinational firms. However, their characteristics differ across sizes and legal forms, thereby indicating that the seemingly contradictory findings among previous studies on family firms may be due to unobserved heterogeneity. We furthermore find that they are smaller than private non-family firms in employment and sales and carry higher solidity, although they are more profitable. These differences diminish with firm size, however. We conclude that the term ‘family firm’ contains great diversity and call for increased attention to their heterogeneity.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Characteristics of Family Firms : Exploiting Information on Ownership, Kinship and Governance Using Total Population Data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 51:3, s. 539-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family firms are often considered characteristically different from non-family firms. However, our understanding of family firms suffers from an inability to identify them in total population data; information is rarely available regarding owners, their kinship, and their involvement in firm governance. We present a method for identifying domiciled family firms using register data; this method offers greater accuracy than previous methods. We apply this method to Swedish data concerning firm ownership, governance, and kinship from 2004 to 2010. We find that the family firm is a significant organizational form, contributing over one third of all employment and gross domestic product (GDP). Family firms are common in most industries and range in size. Furthermore, we find that, compared to private non-family firms, family firms have fewer total assets, employment, and sales and carry higher solidity, although family firms are more profitable. These differences diminish with firm size. We conclude that the term “family firm” includes a large variety of firms, and we call for increased attention to their heterogeneity.
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| 8. |
- Anyadike-Danes, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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An international cohort comparison of size effects on job growth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 44:4, s. 821-844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contribution of different-sized businesses to job creation continues to attract policymakers’ attention; however, it has recently been recognised that conclusions about size were confounded with the effect of age. We probe the role of size, controlling for age, by comparing the cohorts of firms born in 1998 over their first decade of life, using variation across half a dozen northern European countries Austria, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden and the UK to pin down size effects. We find that a very small proportion of the smallest firms play a crucial role in accounting for cross-country differences in job growth. A closer analysis reveals that the initial size distribution and survival rates do not seem to explain job growth differences between countries, rather it is a small number of rapidly growing firms that are driving this result.
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| 9. |
- Anyadike-Danes, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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An International Comparison of the Contribution to Job Creation by High-growth Firms
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses three simple questions: how should the contribution of HGFs to job creation be measured? how much does this contribution vary across countries? to what extent does the cross-country variation depend on variation in the proportion of HGFs in the business population? The first is a methodological question which we answer using a more highly articulated version of the standard job creation and destruction accounts. The other two are empirical questions which we answer using a purpose-built dataset assembled from national firm-level sources and covering nine countries, spanning the ten three year periods from 2000/03 to 2009/12. The basic principle governing the development of the accounting framework is the choice of appropriate comparators. Firstly, when measuring contributions to job creation, we should focus on just job creating firms, otherwise we are summing over contributions from firms with positive, zero, and negative job creation numbers. Secondly, because we know growth depends in part on size, the ’natural’ comparison for HGFs is with job creation by similar-sized firms which simply did not grow as fast as HGFs. However, we also show how the measurement framework can be further extended to include, for example, a consistent measure of the contribution of small job creating firms. On the empirical side, we find that the HGF share of job creation by large job creating firms varies across countries by a factor of two, from around one third to two thirds. A relatively small proportion of this cross-country variation is accounted for by variations in the influence of HGFs on job creation. On average HGFs generated between three or four times as many jobs as large non-HGF job creating firms, but this ratio is relatively similar across countries. The bulk of the cross-country variation in HGF contribution to job creation is accounted for by the relative abundance (or rarity) of HGFs. Moreover, we also show that the measurement of abundance depends upon the choice of measurement framework: the ’winner’ of a cross-national HGF ’beauty context’ on one measure will not necessarily be the winner on another.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Ownership and high-growth firms
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Empirical studies demonstrate that most net job-growth originates from a small number of high-growth firms (HGFs). The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether firm ownership – family, or private non-family – matters for being a HGF, using data covering all firms in Sweden during 1993-2006. Firm growth is measured in terms of absolute employment growth, relative employment growth and as a combination of absolute and relative employment growth (the so-called Birch-index). We find that family ownership decreases the probability of exhibiting high growth. Changing ownership from family to private non family increases the probability of being a HGF, whereas a change from private non-family to family ownership decreases the probability of being a HGF. The results are robust, irrespective of measurement of firm growth, suggesting that ownership and changes in ownership are important determinants of rapid firm growth.
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| 12. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Privat och offentlig sysselsättning i Sverige 1950-2005
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 37:1, s. 41-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ny statistik gör det möjligt att analysera den privata och offentliga sysselsätt-ningsutvecklingen utifrån fler ägarkategorier samt verksamheters branschtillhörighet och storlek. Jämfört med tidigare har den privata sysselsättningen utvecklats svagare. Privata företag utan koncerntillhörighet uppvisar en sjunkande sysselsättning. Hade deras sysselsättning som andel av den arbetsföra befolkningen varit oförändrad skulle ytterligare 225 000 personer ha varit sysselsatta år 2005. Sysselsättningen i stora industrikoncerner har fallit kraftigt. Minskningarna förklaras rimligtvis till viss del av strukturomvandling, men också av utslagning. Den ekonomiska politikens effekter på privatpersoners incitament att starta och expandera företag bör tas upp till diskussion.
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| 13. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Using Self-employment as Proxy for Entrepreneurship : Some Empirical Caveats
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on entrepreneurship has received an increased amount of interest inrecent years, with self-employment being used as the most common proxy for“entrepreneurship” in empirical studies. However, there are various ways of defining selfemployment,making it a somewhat dubious proxy. This may flaw the analysis, especially incross-country studies, since the documentation of data often is insufficient and difficult toaccess due to language barriers. We present an analysis of Swedish self-employment data. Weshow that the measurement of self-employment has changed over time to noticeably affect thereported number of self-employed in the two major statistical sources on self-employment.The reported development of self-employment sometimes differs diametrically depending onsource. Sweden is occasionally erroneously reported to show the largest increase in self-employment in cross-country studies. Our study mimics the results of other country-specificanalyses and we conclude that well-grounded conclusions require that the advantages anddisadvantages of different statistical sources are recognized.
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| 14. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Using self–employment as proxy for entrepreneurship : some empirical caveats
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - : Inderscience. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 17:3, s. 290-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self–employment is the most frequently used measure of entrepreneurship. However, its definition varies between countries, which makes comparisons difficult. We present an analysis of Swedish self–employment data and show that even within one country, the depicted development differs greatly depending on the source used. Unlike previous claims in cross–country studies, we find that there is no basis for categorising Sweden as having increased its self–employment rate more than others. This demonstrates a need to carefully specify the characteristics of the data, and their advantages and disadvantages, before drawing conclusions about the frequency of entrepreneurship in different countries.
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| 15. |
- Bjuggren, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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3:12-reglerna : en ekonomisk analys
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 35:7, s. 18-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 3:12-reglerna, vilka reglerar beskattningen av ett fåmansföretags överskott som förvärvs- respektive kapitalinkomst, har kritiserats för att de är krångliga och ger felaktiga incitament. Vi ansluter till denna kritik från en annorlunda infallsvinkel. Reglernas utformning står i strid med slutsatserna i beprövade teorier om hur politiken ska utformas för att uppnå sysselsättning och tillväxt, exempelvis behandlas inte ersättningen till kapital som en residual. 3:12-reglerna skapar olikformigheter i beskattningen, öppnar möjligheter till skatteplanering och orsakar snedvridningar. Reglernas komplexitet torde i sig fungera som ett etablerings- och tillväxthinder för produktivt entreprenörskap. Lagstiftaren har underskattat de negativa konsekvenserna av 3:12-reglerna, främst för snabbväxande entreprenörsföretag.
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| 16. |
- Bjuggren, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Svar till Edin och Lodin angående 3:12-reglerna
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 36:5, s. 57-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bornhäll, Anders, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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The capital constraint paradox in micro and small family and nonfamily firms
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2045-2101 .- 2045-211X. ; 5:1, s. 38-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of the entrepreneur’s quest for independence and control over the firm for governance and financing strategies with a special focus on family firms and how they differ from nonfamily firms.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on 1,000 telephone interviews with Swedish micro and small firms. The survey data are matched with firm-level data from the Bureau van Dijks database ORBIS.Findings – The analysis shows that independence is a prime motive for enterprises, statistically significantly more so for family owners. Family owners are more prone to use either their own savings or loans from family and are more reluctant to resort to external equity capital. Our results indicate a potential “capital constraint paradox”; there might be an abundance of external capital while firm growth is simultaneously constrained by a lack of internal funds.Research limitations/implications – The main limitation is that the study is based on cross-section data. Future studies could thus be based on longitudinal data.Practical implications – The authors argue that policy makers must recognize independence and control aversion as strong norms that guide entrepreneurial action and that micro- and small-firm growth would profit more from lower personal and corporate income taxes compared to policy schemes intended to increase the supply of external capital.Originality/value – The paper offers new insights regarding the value of independence and how it affects strategic decisions within the firm.
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| 19. |
- Bornhäll, Anders, 1984-
(författare)
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Unseen job creators and firm growth barriers : the role of capital constraints and seniority rules
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The topic of this thesis is to provide a deeper understanding of how the institutional framework affects firms’ hiring decisions.The first article focuses on a group of firms, called sleeping gazelles, that do not grow despite having high profits. Sleeping gazelles constitute a much larger share of the firm population than that of high-growth firms. If it is growth barriers that are hindering these firms from hiring more employees, many new jobs could be created if these barriers were removed. To investigate the effects of one of the suggested growth barriers in the literature, the second article, focuses on whether small-firm growth is hampered by lack of capital. Using survey data from business owners matched with register data, we find that firms may face a capital constraint paradox, whereby the supply of external capital might be sufficient, but firm owners might refrain from accessing it due to fear of losing control of their companies. The third article investigates whether employment protection acts as a growth barrier in Sweden. Using a reform of the Swedish last-in-first-out (LIFO) rule, we estimate the causal effects from a liberalization of the employment protection. We find that firm growth increased because of the reform and that a more expansive reform could provide new job opportunities and increase overall employment. The LIFO rule was introduced to protect older workers. The fourth article investigates whether the reform weakened the labor market position of these workers. It is found that more young individuals who were unemployed or previously not in the workforce were hired as a consequence of the reform, showing that the reform lowered youth unemployment. There is no indication of older workers leaving the workforce or becoming unemployed to any greater extent after the reform. The fifth article show that the positive effects of the reform were limited to native workers, with no effects on the labor market position of immigrants. The effects depend on the relative insider-status of employees, so that groups of employees who are closer to being insiders benefit more from less-strict employment protection legislation than groups that are further from being insiders.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Industriella kluster, tillväxt och ekonomisk politik
- 1998
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 26:6, s. 419-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 1970-talets mitt har tillväxten i svensk ekonomi legat under OECDs genomsnitt, andelen sysselsättning i den privata sektorn minskat och den industriella förnyelsen varit svag. Viktiga orsaker till skillnader i tillväxttakter och industriell dynamik som lyfts fram i senare års forskning är dels kunskapsackumulering, dels sättet att organisera industriell produktion med betoning på decentraliserade strukturer och klusterformationer. I föreliggande artikel analyseras i vilken utsträckning skillnader i industriell dynamik i USA och Sverige kan hänföras till förekomsten av sådana klusterbildningar, samt hur dessa klusters kunskapsintensitet och sammansättning skiljer sig mellan länderna.
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| 22. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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The Determinants of Spatial Concentration : The Manufacturing and Service Sectors in an International Perspective
- 2003
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 10:1, s. 41-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is concerned with determinants of spatial concentration in both the manufacturing and service sectors in Sweden during the period 1975-93. By implementing a detailed data-set on the regional distribution of production, the study is addressed first to the degree of regional concentration in Sweden through Ellison-Glaeser indexes and regional Ginicoefficients. It is shown that concentration is considerably stronger in the manufacturing sector than in the service sector. Moreover, the differences have widened over time. In services, knowledge intensity seems to promote concentration to a larger extent than in manufacturing. An econometric examination is then conducted of the determinants of spatially concentrated industries in the manufacturing sector. Results indicate that production technology and the historical distribution of production seem to exert a stronger influence on location than non-pecuniary knowledge externalities. Finally, the degree of regional concentration in Sweden is compared with France and the USA. We find that concentration in production is more pronounced in Sweden than in these other countries.
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| 23. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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The Old and the New : The Evolution of Polymer and Biomedical Clusters in Ohio and in Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of evolutionary economics. - : Springer. - 0936-9937 .- 1432-1386. ; 10:5, s. 471-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the rapid growth of the polymer-based and biomedical clusters in Ohio and Sweden – two regions of similar size and with similar traditions undergoing similar industrial restructuring.Two issues are addressed: First, why has growth been so strong in these particular clusters, i.e., can we identify the sources of the growth and dynamics in these sectors? Second, why do these two clusters differ in Ohio and Sweden in terms of size, level and type of activity, number and composition of actors, size structure of firms and growth patterns over the last couple of decades? In particular, what is the role of public policies as well as cultural, historical, and geographic factors?Our main conclusions are (1) that there is strong path dependence in both clusters in both countries, and (2) that the key to rapid development is a high absorptive capacity combined with rapid diffusion to new potential users. Our policy discussion addresses these issues.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Coad, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Who do High-growth Firms Employ, and Who do they Hire?
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study who high-growth firms (HGFs) hire using a matched employer-employee dataset for all knowledge intensive industries in Sweden, where high growth is measured over the period 1999- 2002. The results indicate that HGFs to a larger extent employ young people, immigrants, and individuals with longer unemployment periods. However, these patterns seem contingent on the stage of firm evolution. HGFs that have already realized rapid growth seem to start focusing on hiring individuals from other companies, even though immigrants are still overrepresented among new employees.
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| 26. |
- Coad, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Whom do high-growth firms hire?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 23:1, s. 293-327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study employment and new hires among high-growth firms (HGFs) in the Swedish knowledge-intensive sectors 1999-2002. Using matched employer-employee data, we find that HGFs are more likely to employ young people, poorly educated workers, immigrants, and individuals who experienced longer unemployment periods. However, these patterns seem contingent on the stage of the firm's evolution. HGFs that have already realized some rapid growth are more likely to hire individuals from other firms, even though immigrants are still overrepresented among new hires. In the case of both HGF employees and HGF new hires, employment opportunities in HGFs are provided by young and small firms.
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| 27. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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A cautionary note on using the Eurostat-OECD definition of high-growth firms
- 2012
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have suggested that most firms do not grow, and that a small number of high-growth firms create most new jobs. High-growth firms have therefore attracted an increasing amount of attention from researchers and policymakers. However, there is no uniform definition of what constitutes a high-growth firm in the literature. Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) recently recommended that highgrowth firms should be defined as firms with at least ten employees in the startyear and annualized employment (or sales) growth exceeding 20% during a 3- year period. This definition would exclude almost 95% of surviving firms in Sweden and about 40% of new private jobs during 2005-2008. We therefore advise caution in using this definition.
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| 28. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Are high-growth firms overrepresented in high-tech industries?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press. - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 25:1, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is frequently argued that policymakers should target high-tech firms, i.e., firms with high R&D intensity, because such firms are considered more innovative and therefore potential fast-growers. This argument relies on the assumption that the association among high-tech status, innovativeness, and growth is actually positive. We examine this assumption by studying the industry distribution of high-growth firms (HGFs) across all four-digit NACE industries, using data covering all limited liability firms in Sweden during the period 1997-2008. The results of fractional logit regressions indicate that industries with high R&D intensity, ceteris paribus, can be expected to have a lower share of HGFs than can industries with lower R&D intensity. The findings cast doubt on the wisdom of targeting R&D industries or subsidizing R&D to promote firm growth. In contrast, we find that HGFs are overrepresented in knowledge-intensive service industries, i.e., service industries with a high share of human capital.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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The economic contribution of high-growth firms : Do definitions matter?
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prior studies have defined high-growth firms (HGFs) in terms of sales or employment, and analyzed their contribution to employment growth. We define HGFs by employment and sales and add definitions of value added and productivity. We examine the contribution of HGFs to employment growth, economic growth, productivity growth, and sales growth. All HGFs give a disproportionately large positive contribution to economic growth and most also give large positive contributions to growth in employment, productivity and sales. Although HGFs of different definitions are usually not the same firms, young firms are more likely to be HGFs irrespective of definition
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| 32. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
The economic contribution of high-growth firms : do policy implications depend on the choice of growth indicator?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 14:3, s. 337-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior studies have defined high-growth firms (HGFs) in terms of growth in firm employment or firm sales, and primarily analyzed their contribution to overall employment growth. In this paper we define HGFs using the commonly applied growth indicators (employment and sales), but also add definitions based on growth in value added and productivity. Our results indicate that HGFs in terms of employment are not the same firms as HGFs in terms of productivity, and that their economic contributions differ significantly. Economic policy promoting fast growth in employment may therefore come at the cost of reduced productivity growth. Although HGFs of different definitions may not be the same firms, young firms are more likely to be HGFs irrespective of definition. This suggests that economic policy should focus on the conditions for new firm formation and early growth of firms, rather than target a particular type of HGFs.
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| 33. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Using the Eurostat-OECD Definition of High-Growth Firms : A Cautionary Note
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2045-2101 .- 2045-211X. ; 4:1, s. 50-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – High-growth firms (HGFs) have attracted an increasing amount of attention from researchers and policymakers, and the Eurostat-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition of HGFs has become increasingly popular. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a longitudinal firm-level data set to analyze the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition.Findings – The results indicate that this definition excluded almost 95 percent of surviving firms in Sweden, and about 40 percent of new private jobs during 2005-2008.Research limitations/implications – The proportion of small firms and their growth patterns differ across countries, and the authors therefore advise caution in using this definition in future studies.Practical implications – Policy based on the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs might be misleading or even counterproductive.Originality/value – No previous studies have analyzed the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs.
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| 34. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Which firms provide jobs for unemployed non-Western immigrants?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Service Industries Journal. - : Routledge. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 39:9-10, s. 762-778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the refugee immigration crisis is one of the major socio-economic challenges in Europe, we still lack knowledge on what characterizes firms that provide jobs for unemployed immigrants. We provide an answer by investigating firms that recruit unemployed non-Western immigrants using matched employer-employee data from Statistics Sweden. We find large industry differences; firms active in the service sectors, such as the hospitality, transport, and healthcare industries, are much more likely to hire unemployed non-Western immigrants than firms in high-tech and manufacturing industries. In addition, after controlling for educational attainment and industry of occupation, firms with at least one non-Western immigrant manager hire more than four times as many unemployed non-Western immigrants than firms without any non-Western immigrant managers. Public policies that target industries might thus also influence job opportunities for immigrants and, thereby, the possibility of their integration into society.
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| 35. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Which firms provide jobs for unemployed non-Western immigrants?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although the refugee immigration crisis is one of the major socioeconomic challenges in Europe, we still lack knowledge on what characterizes firms that provide jobs for unemployed immigrants. We provide an answer by investigating firms that recruit unemployed non- Western immigrants using matched employer-employee data from Statistics Sweden. We find large industry differences; firms active in the service sectors, such as the hospitality, transport, and healthcare industries, are much more likely to hire unemployed non-Western immigrants than firms in high-tech and manufacturing industries. In addition, after controlling for educational attainment and industry of occupation, firms with at least one non-Western immigrant manager hire more than four times as many unemployed non-Western immigrants than firms without any non-Western immigrant managers.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A 150-year Perspective on Swedish Capital Income Taxation
- 2014
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the evolution of capital income taxation, including corporate, dividend, interest, capital gains and wealth taxation, in Sweden between 1862 and 2010. To illustrate the evolution, we present annual time-series data on the marginal effective tax rates on capital income (METR) for a marginal investment financed with new share issues, retained earnings or debt. Tax tables covering the period are presented. These data are unique in their consistency, thoroughness and time span covered. The METR is low, is stable and does not exceed five percent until World War I, when it starts to drift somewhat upward and vary depending on the source of finance. The outbreak of World War II starts a period when the magnitude and variation of the METR sharply increases. The METR peaks during the 1970s and 1980s and often exceeds 100 percent. The 1990–1991 tax reform and lower inflation reduce the magnitude and variation of the METR. The METR varies between 15 and 40 percent at the end of the examined period.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Skatterna, företagandet och tillväxten
- 2003
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Ingår i: Ekonomiska samfundets tidskrift. - Helsingfors : Ekonomiska samfundet i Finland. - 0013-3183 .- 2323-1378. ; 56:2, s. 75-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I artikeln studeras de samlade skatteeffekterna på lönsamheten för en entreprenör avatt äga, driva och ärva ett företag i Sverige under perioden 1970–2002. De totala skatteeffekterna har gjort det olönsamt att äga och driva ett entreprenörslett företag under enstor del av perioden. Under lång tid har skatteeffekterna också varit av konfiskatorisk karaktär vid generationsskiften. Vi ser skattesystemets kraftigt negativa effekter pålönsamheten av entreprenöriellt företagande som en tänkbart viktig förklaring till bristen på nya, små och snabbt växande företag i Sverige och därmed också som en möjlig betydelsefull delorsak till den låga svenska ekonomiska tillväxten.
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| 40. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Skatterna, företagandet och tillväxten
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I artikeln studeras de samlade skatteeffekterna på lönsamheten för en entreprenör av att äga och driva, samt ärva, ett företag under perioden 1970-2002. De totala skatteeffekterna har gjort det olönsamt att äga och driva ett entreprenörslett företag under en stor del av perioden. Under lång tid har skatteeffekterna också varit av konfiskatorisk karaktär vid generationsskiften. Vi ser skattesystemets kraftigt negativa effekter på lönsamheten av att äga, driva och ärva ett entreprenörslett företag som en huvudförklaring till bristen på nya, små och snabbt växande företag i Sverige och därmed också som en huvudorsak till den låga svenska ekonomiska tillväxten.
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| 41. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Skatterna och företagarverksamheten
- 2007
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Ingår i: Erik Dahmén och det industriella företagandet. - Stockholm : Ratio. - 9789175680682 ; , s. 72-98
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish capital income taxation (1862–2013)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Swedish taxation. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137478146 - 9781137478153 ; , s. 123-178
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish Capital Income Taxation (1862–2013)
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the evolution of capital income taxation in Sweden between1862 and 2013, including the taxation of corporate profits, dividends, capital gains, interestincome, and wealth taxation. To illustrate this evolution, we present annual time-series dataregarding the marginal effective tax rates on capital income (METR) for a marginalinvestment financed with new share issues, retained earnings or debt. The METR is low andstable and does not exceed five percent until World War I, when it begins to drift somewhatupward and vary depending on the source of finance. The outbreak of World War II begins aperiod during which the magnitude and variation of the METR sharply increase. The METRpeaks during the 1970s and 1980s and often exceeds 100 percent. The 1990–1991 tax reformand lower rates of inflation reduce the magnitude and variation of the METR, which variesbetween 15 and 35 percent at the end of the period examined.
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| 46. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish Labor Income Taxation (1862–2013)
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents annual Swedish time-series data on the top marginal tax wedgeand marginal tax wedges on labor income for a low-, average- and high-income earners forthe period 1862 to 2013. The tax wedges were initially low and the tax system proportional.The tax wedges began to increase during World War I. The increase accelerated during WorldWar II and through the post-war period. In the 1970s, the top marginal tax wedge wasoccasionally as high as 90 percent. The main explanations for this development weretemporary crises that led to permanent tax increases, the expansion of the public sector anddistributional ambitions, bracket creep and the introduction of employer-paid social securitycontributions. The 1990–1991 tax reform represents the beginning of a new and continuingperiod of decreasing marginal tax wedges.
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| 47. |
- Du Rietz, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish labor income taxation (1862–2013)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Swedish taxation. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137478146 - 9781137478153 ; , s. 35-122
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
- Elert, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of owner-entrepreneurs' taxation : five tax regimes over a 160-year period
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of evolutionary economics. - : Springer. - 0936-9937 .- 1432-1386. ; 33:2, s. 517-540
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The institutional literature suggests that long-term tax incentives are crucial for entrepreneurs, but studies on this topic are hampered by problems related to how to define and measure entrepreneurial income. We resolve these problems by drawing on a theoretical definition of the entrepreneur as an owner, which enables us to identify entrepreneurship empirically by means of investments made by active owners of closely held corporations. Using detailed Swedish tax data, we analyze the tax incentives for such owner-entrepreneur investments from 1862 to 2018, thereby highlighting the evolution of a general institutional phenomenon through a long-run, in-depth, country-specific analysis. We calculate the annual marginal effective tax rate (METR) on capital income for investments, distinguishing between average- and top-income entrepreneurs, and between three sources of finance. We identify five tax regimes that indicate substantial differences in institutional quality over time according to the magnitude of the METR and METR differences between average- and top-income entrepreneurs and across sources of finance. Growth-conducive tax incentives shed light on why so many successful entrepreneurial firms were founded in Sweden around 1900, whereas increased taxation helps explain the absence of new large entrepreneurial firms in Sweden after World War II. Improved incentives can be associated with Sweden's recent entrepreneurial renaissance.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Eliasson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Firm Tunrover and the Rate of Macroeconomic Growth : Simulating the Macroeconomic Effects of Schumpeterian Creative Destruction
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The positive effects of new innovative entry and fast and efficient allocation of resources are balanced against the efficiency of price signaling in markets in a non-linear micro based simulation model of an Experimentally Organized Economy (EOE). In this model increasingly rapid reallocation of resources over markets, moved by innovative new entry and competitive exit (the rate of firm turnover) generates faster growth in output, but eventually, if too fast, is shown to affect the reliability of price signaling in markets and to raise the frequency of investment mistakes. Beyond a certain level of the rate of firm turnover the aggregate effects at the macro level, therefore, turn negative. This optimal growth trajectory depends on the balance between the rates of entry and exit and on the performance of new firms compared to incumbents, their size compared to incumbents and the variation in the same characteristics.
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